Protein Information

Name hemoglobin (protein family or complex)
Synonyms Hemoglobin; Hemoglobins

Compound Information

Name ferrous sulfate
CAS sulfuric acid iron(2+) salt (1:1)

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
833748 Intoccia AP, Walkenstein SS, Wittendorf RW, Hoppe RC, Free SM: Use of anemic piglet to assess bioavailability of iron from oral iron preparations. J Pharm Sci. 1977 Jan;66(1):85-8.

When piglets were made anemic on a commercial milk diet and then dosed with solutions of 1, 2, and 5 mg/kg of ferrous sulfate/day, a dose-related recovery of hematocrit and hemoglobin levels resulted.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
3454623 Araujo RL, Araujo MB, Machado RD, Braga AA, Leite BV, Oliveira JR: Evaluation of a program to overcome vitamin A and iron deficiencies in areas of poverty in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Arch Latinoam Nutr. 1987 Mar;37(1):9-22.


Deficient and low values of hemoglobin were found as well in 21.5% of preschool children and in 17.5% of school children.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
11533326 Zlotkin S, Arthur P, Antwi KY, Yeung G: Randomized, controlled trial of single versus 3-times-daily ferrous sulfate drops for treatment of anemia. Pediatrics. 2001 Sep;108(3):613-6.

Using a prospective, randomized, controlled design, we studied 557 anemic children (age range: 6-24 months; hemoglobin values: 70-99 g/L).
3(0,0,0,3) Details
9328369 Ahluwalia N, Skikne BS, Savin V, Chonko A: Markers of masked iron deficiency and effectiveness of EPO therapy in chronic renal failure. Am J Kidney Dis. 1997 Oct;30(4):532-41.


In patients on rHuEPO, an imminent hemoglobin response to an increased rHuEPO dose could be predicted after 1 week based on a greater than 20% increase from baseline in the serum TfR or absolute reticulocyte count, with a sensitivity of 92%.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
8417806 Nagel RL, Vichinsky E, Shah M, Johnson R, Spadacino E, Fabry ME, Mangahas L, Abel R, Stamatoyannopoulos G: F reticulocyte response in sickle cell anemia treated with recombinant human erythropoietin: a double-blind study. Blood. 1993 Jan 1;81(1):9-14.


Three patients were phlebotomized because the hemoglobin level increased 1.5 g/dL more than steady-state levels.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
18986010 Factor KF: Anemia management in peritoneal dialysis patients: can an iron supplement maintain a normal transferrin saturation and hemoglobin level?. Adv Perit Dial. 2008;24:96-8.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
6625830 Stekel A, Amar M, Calvo E, Chadud P, Hertrampf E, Llaguno S, Olivares M, Pizarro F: Nutritional significance of interactions between iron and food components. Arch Latinoam Nutr. 1983 Mar;33(1):33-41.


Heme iron present in hemoglobin and myoglobin, is well absorbed and is relatively unaffected by diet composition.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
12907830 Sozmen EY, Kavakli K, Cetinkaya B, Akcay YD, Yilmaz D, Aydinok Y: Effects of iron (II) salts and iron (III) complexes on trace element status in children with iron-deficiency anemia. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2003 Jul;94(1):79-86.

Fourteen of them were treated with ferric hydroxide-polymaltose complex (Ferrum, Vifor, Switzerland) (6 mg/d in the first 3 mo for initial therapy and 3 mg/kg for 3 mo as maintenance); the others were treated with a ferrous sulfate complex (FerroSanol, Schwarz, Germany) (6 mg/d in the first 3 mo for initial therapy and 3 mg/kg for 3 mo as maintenance).
The hemoglobin and iron levels of patients in both groups were higher in the first and sixth months compared to baseline.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3947745 Gordeuk VR, Brittenham GM, McLaren CE, Hughes MA, Keating LJ: Carbonyl iron therapy for iron deficiency anemia. . Blood. 1986 Mar;67(3):745-52.

Single doses of 1,000 to 10,000 mg of carbonyl iron (15 to 150 times the 65 mg of iron in the usual dose of ferrous sulfate) were tolerated by nonanemic volunteers with no evidence of toxicity and only minor gastrointestinal side effects.
Hemoglobin regeneration proceeded at a rate similar to that described for therapy with oral iron salts and parenteral iron dextran.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10721929 Zavaleta N, Respicio G, Garcia T: Efficacy and acceptability of two iron supplementation schedules in adolescent school girls in Lima, Peru. J Nutr. 2000 Feb;130(2S Suppl):462S-464S.

Adolescent girls (n = 312), 12-18 y old, were randomly assigned to one of the following three groups: 1) 60 mg iron as ferrous sulfate daily from Monday to Friday; 2) 60 mg iron as ferrous sulfate 2 d/wk and 3 d placebo (intermittent); 3) placebo, from Monday to Friday.
Postintervention, hemoglobin (Hb), serum ferritin (SF) and free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) were improved significantly in the iron-supplemented groups compared with placebo (P <0.05).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
6599114 Jacobs P, Johnson G, Wood L: Oral iron therapy in human subjects, comparative absorption between ferrous salts and iron polymaltose. J Med. 1984;15(5-6):367-77.

In the first study, bioavailability of iron from ferrous sulfate and the complex was defined at physiologic doses of 5 mg (Group 1: n = 14) and therapeutic doses of 50 mg (Group 2: n = 13).
At all three dosage levels, iron is equally available from salt or polymaltose for hemoglobin synthesis (p greater than 0.20), and absorption negatively correlated with plasma ferritin (p less than 0.01).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7991433 Aufricht C, Ties M, Wimmer M, Haschke F, Pietschnig B, Herkner K: Iron supplementation in children after cardiopulmonary bypass for surgical repair of congenital heart disease. Pediatr Cardiol. 1994 Jul-Aug;15(4):167-9.


Hemoglobin, reticulocytes, transferrin saturation, free erythrocyte protoporphyrin, and ferritin were measured, the final outcome measure being postoperative iron status on day 56.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1710896 Geisser P, Hohl H, Baer M, Heim H, Fischer W: Investigation on the dosage/efficacy relationship of iron dextran in veal calves. Arzneimittelforschung. 1991 Jan;41(1):32-7.


At the beginning of the therapy, 5 weeks and 8 weeks after application, the parameters: weight, hemoglobin, erythrocytes, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), MCH concentration, mean corpuscular volume, plasma protein, fibrinogen, leukocytes and serum iron were measured.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18791976 Angeles-Agdeppa I, Capanzana MV, Barba CV, Florentino RF, Takanashi K: Efficacy of iron-fortified rice in reducing anemia among schoolchildren in the Philippines. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2008 Mar;78(2):74-86.

The predictors of change in hemoglobin (Hb) and plasma ferritin were group allocation and basal values.
Design: 180 randomly selected 6-to 9-year-old anemic children were randomly allocated to three groups in a double-blinded manner: One group received iron-enriched rice (IER) with extruded iron premix rice (IPR) using ferrous sulfate as fortificant (ExFeSO4); the second group received IER with extruded IPR using micronized dispersible ferric pyrophosphate (ExFeP80); and the third group received non-fortified rice (Control).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17919549 Muneyyirci-Delale O, Richard-Davis G, Morris T, Armstrong J: Goserelin acetate 10.8 mg plus iron versus iron monotherapy prior to surgery in premenopausal women with iron-deficiency anemia due to uterine leiomyomas: results from a Phase III, randomized, multicenter, double-blind, controlled trial. Clin Ther. 2007 Aug;29(8):1682-91.

Patients received an injection of goserelin acetate 10.8 mg (3-month formulation) or a sham, with both groups receiving PO iron (ferrous sulfate) 325-mg tablets TID during the 12-week treatment period.
Hemoglobin (Hb) level, symptoms of uterine leiomyomas, requirement for blood transfusion throughout, ability to donate blood for autologous transfusion, and leiomyoma and uterine volume were assessed for efficacy.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8083076 Dusenbery KE, McGuire WA, Holt PJ, Carson LF, Fowler JM, Twiggs LB, Potish RA: Erythropoietin increases hemoglobin during radiation therapy for cervical cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1994 Jul 30;29(5):1079-84.

Fifteen were treated with r-HuEPO (200 U/kg/day) and ferrous sulfate 5-10 days prior to initiation of external beam radiation therapy, continuing until Hgb was < or = 14 g/dL or completion of radiation therapy.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12907829 Lysionek AE, Zubillaga MB, Salgueiro MJ, Caro RA, Leonardi NM, Ettlin E, Boccio JR: Stabilized ferrous gluconate as iron source for food fortification: bioavailability and toxicity studies in rats. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2003 Jul;94(1):73-8.

A reference standard diet using ferrous sulfate as an iron-fortifying source (19.0 +/- 2.1 mg Fe/kg diet) and a control diet without iron additions (9.3 +/- 1.4 mg Fe/kg diet) were prepared in the laboratory in a similar way.
The iron bioavailability of SFG was calculated as the relationship between the mass of iron incorporated into hemoglobin during the treatment and the total iron intake per animal.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11840762 Lin X, Tang Y, Long Z: [Effects of vitamin A and iron supplementation on the improvement of iron status and immunological function in preschool children]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2001 Nov;35(6):374-7.

METHODS: Serum vitamin A concentration and hemoglobin (Hb), serum iron (SI), transferrin saturation (TS), serum ferritin (SF) were determined in 270 rural preschool children aged 3-7 years in Beijing, and the subjects were divided into four groups based on their determinations: control, lower serum vitamin A, lower iron, and both lower iron and serum vitamin A.
Forty-one subjects who had lower iron and lower serum vitamin A (< 1.12 mumol/L) were divided into two groups: one of them supplemented with 30 mg iron element (ferrous sulfate 0.15 g) once a day for 8 weeks, and the other group supplemented with iron and 12,500 IU vitamin A twice a week for 8 weeks.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
6682889 Miller J, Nnanna I: Bioavailability of iron in cooked egg yolk for maintenance of hemoglobin levels in growing rats. J Nutr. 1983 Jun;113(6):1169-75.

Response of dietary iron was calculated as the regression of hemoglobin iron gain on iron intake and the nutritional quality of egg iron relative to that of ferrous sulfate iron was evaluated by slope-ratio analysis.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
12043180 Watanabe T, Asai Y, Koyama N, Kawabe T: [The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia among 6- to 18-month-old children in Japan]. Nippon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 2002 Apr;49(4):344-51.

Iron deficiency anemia was defined as a hemoglobin concentration elevated by 1 g/dl or more with a 4-week regimen of ferrous sulfate (therapeutic trial).
7(0,0,1,2) Details
11377130 Pineda O, Ashmead HD: Effectiveness of treatment of iron-deficiency anemia in infants and young children with ferrous bis-glycinate chelate. Nutrition. 2001 May;17(5):381-4.


Forty infants, 6 to 36 mo old, with iron-deficiency anemia (hemoglobin < 11 g/dL) were matched and assigned to two groups.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
15231078 de Souza AI, Batista Filho M, Ferreira LO, Figueiroa JN: [The effectiveness of three regimens using ferrous sulfate to treat anemia in pregnant women]. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2004 May;15(5):313-9.

The groups were compared for the values for hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, mean corpuscular volume, and ferritin before and after the treatment.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
15377970 Pitsis GC, Fallon KE, Fallon SK, Fazakerley R: Response of soluble transferrin receptor and iron-related parameters to iron supplementation in elite, iron-depleted, nonanemic female athletes. Clin J Sport Med. 2004 Sep;14(5):300-4.

The primary inclusion criteria for each component of the study was serum ferritin less than 30 ng/mL and hemoglobin greater than 12 g/dL.
INTERVENTION: Ingestion of 1 iron tablet (325 mg dried ferrous sulfate, equivalent to 105 mg elemental iron) plus one 500-mg tablet of vitamin C each morning for 60 days.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
16204902 Valiyaveettil AN, Hamide A, Bobby Z, Krishnan R: Effect of anti-Helicobacter pylori therapy on outcome of iron-deficiency anemia: a randomized, controlled study. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2005 Jul-Aug;24(4):155-7.

H. pylori -positive patients were randomly assigned to receive anti- H. pylori treatment either immediately (Group I) or after a delay of one month (Group II); in addition, all patients received oral ferrous sulfate for three months.
At the end of one month, median increase in hemoglobin level was lower in Group II than in Groups I and III (1.1 g/dL vs. 3.6 g/dL and 1.9 g/dL, respectively; p=0.025), as were that in serum iron (19 mcg/dL vs. 55.5 mcg/dL and 41 mcg/dL; p=0.019).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
12514283 Hernandez M, Sousa V, Moreno A, Villapando S, Lopez-Alarcon M: Iron bioavailability and utilization in rats are lower from lime-treated corn flour than from wheat flour when they are fortified with different sources of iron. J Nutr. 2003 Jan;133(1):154-9.

Bioavailability and utilization were determined in Sprague-Dawley rats using the iron balance and hemoglobin depletion-repletion methods.
During the repletion period, the rats were fed diets based on lime-treated corn flour or wheat flour, both supplemented with ferrous fumarate, ferrous sulfate, ferric citrate and reduced iron for 14 d.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
12540404 Zimmermann MB, Zeder C, Chaouki N, Saad A, Torresani T, Hurrell RF: Dual fortification of salt with iodine and microencapsulated iron: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial in Moroccan schoolchildren. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Feb;77(2):425-32.

At 40 wk, mean hemoglobin concentrations in the DFS group had increased by 14 g/L (P < 0.01), and serum ferritin, transferrin receptor, and zinc protoporphyrin concentrations were significantly better (P < 0.05) in the DFS group than in the iodized salt group.
We then formulated a DFS containing 25 micro g iodine/g salt (as potassium iodide) and 1 mg iron/g salt (as ferrous sulfate hydrate encapsulated with partially hydrogenated vegetable oil).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12457449 Zimmermann MB, Zeder C, Chaouki N, Torresani T, Saad A, Hurrell RF: Addition of microencapsulated iron to iodized salt improves the efficacy of iodine in goitrous, iron-deficient children: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Eur J Endocrinol. 2002 Dec;147(6):747-53.

DESIGN AND METHODS: In a 9-month, randomized, double-blind trial, 6-15 year-old children (n=377) were given iodized salt (25 microg iodine/g salt) or dual-fortified salt with iodine (25 microg iodine/g salt) and Fe (1 mg Fe/g salt, as ferrous sulfate microencapsulated with partially hydrogenated vegetable oil).
RESULTS: In the dual-fortified salt group, hemoglobin and Fe status improved significantly compared with the iodized salt group (P <0.05).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11083968 de la Torre Aguilar M, Gascon Jimenez FJ, Zapatero Martinez M, Guzman Cabanas J, Huertas Munoz D, Ruiz Gonzalez D, Jaraba Caballero P: [Prophylaxis of anemia of prematurity with erythropoietin. An Esp Pediatr. 2000 Sep;53(3):243-8.

The lowest mean hemoglobin was 8.72 +/- 2.62 gr/dl in the control group versus 9.70 +/- 2.08 gr/dl in the rH-EPO group.
A ferrous sulfate supplement was also administered orally (4-6 mg/kg/day) with a multivitamin complex.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15333715 Yeung CK, Zhu L, Glahn RP, Miller DD: Iron absorption from NaFeEDTA is downregulated in iron-loaded rats. J Nutr. 2004 Sep;134(9):2270-4.

NaFeEDTA is a promising fortificant for use in plant foods, because it is less susceptible to iron absorption inhibitors and has fewer undesirable impacts on sensory quality than ferrous sulfate.
While body weights and hemoglobin concentrations were the same for basal and iron-loaded rats, nonheme-iron concentrations in liver, spleen, and kidney were all significantly higher in iron-loaded rats, indicating elevated iron status.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19469261 Nikitin EN, Krasnoperova OV, Nikitin IuE: [Experience in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia with ferro-folgamma]. Klin Med. 2009;87(3):64-7.


Criteria for the efficiency were changes in clinical symptoms of anemia, hemoglobin level, erythrocyte and reticulocyte counts, packed cell volume, erythrocyte indices (mean erythrocyte volume, average content and concentration of hemoglobin in erythrocytes), erythropoietin level, and characteristics of iron metabolism (serum iron and ferritin levels, total iron-binding capacity of the serum, coefficient of ferritin saturation with iron), and drug tolerance.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2729166 Hurrell RF, Furniss DE, Burri J, Whittaker P, Lynch SR, Cook JD: Iron fortification of infant cereals: a proposal for the use of ferrous fumarate or ferrous succinate. Am J Clin Nutr. 1989 Jun;49(6):1274-82.

Hemoglobin-repletion tests in rats, organoleptic studies, and iron-absorption studies in humans were used to search for Fe sources with high bioavailability that could be added to infant cereals as alternatives to the Fe compounds currently used for fortification.
There was no difference in absorption between ferrous fumarate and ferrous sulfate whereas the values for ferrous succinate, ferrous saccharate (10% Fe), and ferric pyrophosphate were 92%, 74%, and 39% of the ferrous sulfate values, respectively.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11074539 Barton JC, Bottomley SS: Iron deficiency due to excessive therapeutic phlebotomy in hemochromatosis. Am J Hematol. 2000 Nov;65(3):223-6.

We conclude that (i) sustained iron deficiency in hemochromatosis patients should be prevented by monitoring hemoglobin levels and serum ferritin; and (ii) hemoglobin concentrations and values of mean corpuscular hemoglobin may be higher in iron-deficient persons with hemochromatosis than in individuals without hemochromatosis.
Ten of the patients were treated with ferrous sulfate, 325 mg daily, for 2-6 weeks when anemia was corrected.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7677965 Rodgers GP, Dover GJ, Uyesaka N, Noguchi CT, Schechter AN, Nienhuis AW: Augmentation by erythropoietin of the fetal-hemoglobin response to hydroxyurea in sickle cell disease. N Engl J Med. 1993 Jan 14;328(2):73-80.

7(0,0,0,7) Details
18928998 Seid MH, Derman RJ, Baker JB, Banach W, Goldberg C, Rogers R: Ferric carboxymaltose injection in the treatment of postpartum iron deficiency anemia: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Oct;199(4):435.e1-7.

STUDY DESIGN: In a multicenter, randomized, controlled study, 291 women less than 10 days after delivery with hemoglobin 10 g/dL or less were randomized to receive ferric carboxymaltose (n = 143) 1000 mg or less intravenously over 15 minutes or less, repeated weekly to a calculated replacement dose (maximum 2500 mg) or ferrous sulfate (n = 148) 325 mg orally thrice daily for 6 weeks.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
1249649 Pennell MD, Davies MI, Rasper J, Motzok I: Biological availability of iron supplements for rats, chicks and humans. J Nutr. 1976 Feb;106(2):265-74.

Fourteen experiments were concluded on the effect of protein and carbohydrate sources in the assay diets on the relative biological values (RBV) of food grade sodium iron pyrophosphate (NaFePP) and ferric orthophosphate (FePO4) vs. ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) for rats and chicks, using the response in blood hemoglobin to graded levels of supplemental iron as the assay criterion.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
3969339 Reeves JD, Yip R: Lack of adverse side effects of oral ferrous sulfate therapy in 1-year-old infants. Pediatrics. 1985 Feb;75(2):352-5.

After obtaining parental informed consent, laboratory tests of iron status were performed on venous blood and infants with hemoglobin level greater than 10.5 g/dL were randomly chosen to receive 1.2 mL of ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) drops (about 3 mg of iron per kilogram per day) or equal volume of placebo for 3 months.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
3749034 Bergamaschi G, Eng MJ, Huebers HA, Finch CA: The effect of transferrin saturation on internal iron exchange. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1986 Oct;183(1):66-73.

Radioiron was introduced into the intestinal lumen to evaluate absorption, injected as nonviable red cells to evaluate reticuloendothelial (RE) processing of iron, and injected as hemoglobin to evaluate hepatocyte iron processing.
Radioiron introduced into the lumen of the gut as ferrous sulfate and as transferrin-bound iron was absorbed about half as well in iron-infused animals, and absorbed iron was localized in the liver.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
18091768 Vinodkumar M, Rajagopalan S: Multiple micronutrient fortification of salt. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2009 Mar;63(3):437-45. Epub 2007 Dec 19.

SUBJECT/METHODS: A salt fortified with multiple micronutrients was developed containing chelated ferrous sulfate and microencapsulated vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, B12, folic acid, niacin, calcium pantothenate and iodine.
Hemoglobin, red blood cell count, hematocrit, serum vitamin A and urinary iodine were measured at baseline and at the end of the study after 1 year.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
16822452 Bhargava S, Meurer LN, Jamieson B, Hunter-Smith D: Clinical inquiries. J Fam Pract. 2006 Jul;55(7):629-30.

Infants and toddlers with suspected iron-deficiency anemia should begin treatment with oral ferrous sulfate (3 mg/kg/d of elemental iron).
A rise in hemoglobin > 1 g/dL after 4 weeks supports the diagnosis of iron deficiency, and supplementation should continue for 2 additional months to replenish iron stores.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
8002746 Ovaert C, Bachy A: [Iron deficiency anemia is not always simple] . Arch Fr Pediatr. 1993 Oct;50(8):697-9.

His hemoglobin was 8.2 g/dl, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) 60 micron3, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) 15 ng and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) 25 gHb/dl.
The patient was given ferrous sulfate but iron deficiency persisted at the ages of 11 months and 3 years, probably due to poor compliance.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19332906 Monajemzadeh SM, Zarkesh MR: Iron deficiency anemia in infants aged 12-15 months in Ahwaz, Iran. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2009 Apr-Jun;52(2):182-4.

The mean corpuscular volume and hemoglobin (Hb), serum ferritin and hematocrit levels were measured.
The tendency to have IDA in infants fed with cow's milk and infants who did not receive ferrous sulfate was higher than in the other subjects.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18670706 Hadler MC, Sigulem DM, Alves Mde F, Torres VM: Treatment and prevention of anemia with ferrous sulfate plus folic acid in children attending daycare centers in Goiania, Goias State, Brazil: a randomized controlled trial. Cad Saude Publica. 2008;24 Suppl 2:S259-71.

Iron plus folic acid was effective for the treatment of anemia and improvement of hemoglobin level in non-anemic children.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8221666 Cermak J, Balla J, Jacob HS, Balla G, Enright H, Nath K, Vercellotti GM: Tumor cell heme uptake induces ferritin synthesis resulting in altered oxidant sensitivity: possible role in chemotherapy efficacy. Cancer Res. 1993 Nov 1;53(21):5308-13.


We wondered whether hemoglobin derived from extravasated RBC deposits heme-derived iron into the tumor, which could modulate the sensitivity of cancer cells to oxidant-mediated injury.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11916761 Brownlie T 4th, Utermohlen V, Hinton PS, Giordano C, Haas JD: Marginal iron deficiency without anemia impairs aerobic adaptation among previously untrained women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Apr;75(4):734-42.


RESULTS: Six weeks of iron supplementation significantly improved serum ferritin and serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) concentrations and transferrin saturation without affecting hemoglobin concentrations or hematocrit.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18371137 Kulnigg S, Stoinov S, Simanenkov V, Dudar LV, Karnafel W, Garcia LC, Sambuelli AM, D'Haens G, Gasche C: A novel intravenous iron formulation for treatment of anemia in inflammatory bowel disease: the ferric carboxymaltose (FERINJECT) randomized controlled trial. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008 May;103(5):1182-92. Epub 2008 Mar 26.

BACKGROUND AIMS: Anemia is a common complication of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) This multicenter study tested the noninferiority and safety of a new intravenous iron preparation, ferric carboxymaltose (FeCarb), in comparison with oral ferrous sulfate (FeSulf) in reducing iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in IBD.
The primary end point was change in hemoglobin (Hb) from baseline to week 12.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18709235 Engstrom EM, Castro IR, Portela M, Cardoso LO, Monteiro CA: Effectiveness of daily and weekly iron supplementation in the prevention of anemia in infants. Rev Saude Publica. 2008 Oct;42(5):786-95. Epub 2008 Aug 8.


Outcome: mean serum hemoglobin concentration, distribution and prevalence of anemia (Hb <110.0 g/l) at age 12 months.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17219910 Afifi M: Anemia in pregnancy at South Sharqiya health centers, Oman. J Egypt Public Health Assoc. 2003;78(1-2):39-54.


Hemoglobin estimation was done four times monthly apart for pregnant women and data was entered into the computer using EPI info program.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15529613 Ghinea MM: Treatment of iron deficiency anemia with Ferro-Folgamma. Rom J Intern Med. 2004;42(1):225-30.


Iron deficiency anemia is a hypochromic anemia in which hemoglobin poor synthesis is due to a decrease in the amount of iron in the body.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8819662 Rani NV, Pandey J, Das B, Shruti, Talib VH, Singh K, Bagati A: Pregnancy associated anemia and iron: a pilot study. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 1995 Jul;38(3):293-7.


The mean improvement in hemoglobin after 4 weeks of therapy was 2.01 gm% for Code A and 2.3 gm% for Code B.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11214425 Podesta A, Carmagnini E, Parodi E, Dottori V, Crivellari R, Barberis L, Audo A, Lijoi A, Passerone G: Elective coronary and valve surgery without blood transfusion in patients treated with recombinant human erythropoietin (epoetin-alpha). Minerva Cardioangiol. 2000 Nov;48(11):341-7.


In both groups hemoglobin, hematocrit, reticulocytes, iron values, ferritine, transferrine, and serological values, have been evaluated sequentially before treatment, before surgery, day of operation, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 7th postoperative days and at discharge.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2625483 Zhang D, Mahoney AW: Bioavailability of iron-milk-protein complexes and fortified cheddar cheese. J Dairy Sci. 1989 Nov;72(11):2845-55.

Maximal and basal iron bioavailabilities of ferrous sulfate were 85 and 5%, respectively.
Hemoglobin regeneration efficiency was determined to evaluate iron bioavailability.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2044721 Devasthali SD, Gordeuk VR, Brittenham GM, Bravo JR, Hughes MA, Keating LJ: Bioavailability of carbonyl iron: a randomized, double-blind study. Eur J Haematol. 1991 May;46(5):272-8.

49 female blood donors with iron-deficiency anemia were treated with equal doses of iron either as carbonyl iron or ferrous sulfate in a randomized, double-blind fashion.
After 16 weeks of therapy, the mean increase in hemoglobin iron was similar in both groups (p = 0.2).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2644855 Harvey PW, Heywood PF, Nesheim MC, Galme K, Zegans M, Habicht JP, Stephenson LS, Radimer KL, Brabin B, Forsyth K, et al.: The effect of iron therapy on malarial infection in Papua New Guinean schoolchildren. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1989 Jan;40(1):12-8.

Prepubescent schoolchildren with hemoglobin levels of 8-12 g/dl were randomly assigned to receive either 200 mg ferrous sulfate or a placebo twice daily for 16 weeks.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
17666600 Van Wyck DB, Martens MG, Seid MH, Baker JB, Mangione A: Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose compared with oral iron in the treatment of postpartum anemia: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Aug;110(2 Pt 1):267-78.

METHODS: In a randomized, controlled trial, we assigned anemic women (hemoglobin [Hb] less than or equal to 10 g/dL) within 10 days postpartum to receive either IV ferric carboxymaltose (less than or equal to 1,000 mg over 15 minutes, repeated weekly to achieve a total calculated replacement dose) or ferrous sulfate (FeSO (4)) 325 mg orally thrice daily for 6 weeks.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
7934135 Stone RM, Bernstein SH, Demetri G, Facklam DP, Arthur K, Andersen J, Aster JC, Kufe D: Therapy with recombinant human erythropoietin in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Leuk Res. 1994 Oct;18(10):769-76.

Ferrous sulfate (325 mg po tid) was also administered if the transferrin saturation was below 30% (two patients).
Response criteria included: 50% reduction in transfusion requirements compared with the 6 week pre-study period; doubling of reticulocyte count that was maintained on two determinations at least 1 week apart; or an increase in hemoglobin by at least 1.2 gm/dl without transfusions.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
8600865 Green D, Lawler M, Rosen M, Bloom S, Duerden M, Turba R, Kern H, Kirschner K, Ronin D: Recombinant human erythropoietin: effect on the functional performance of anemic orthopedic patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1996 Mar;77(3):242-6.

PATIENTS: Persons having orthopedic surgery at least 2 weeks previously, and a hemoglobin concentration < 10g/dL.
All patients received ferrous sulfate.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
15523164 Bharti S: Feasibility of "directly observed home-based twice-daily iron therapy" (DOHBIT) for management of anemia in rural patients: a pilot study. Indian J Med Sci. 2004 Oct;58(10):431-8.


Outcome measures included hemoglobin rise, weight gain and side-effects.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
1861932 Irigoyen M, Davidson LL, Carriero D, Seaman C: Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of iron supplementation in infants with low hemoglobin levels fed iron-fortified formula. Pediatrics. 1991 Aug;88(2):320-6.

3(0,0,0,3) Details
17916961 Salgueiro J, Torti H, Meseri E, Furno J, Zubillaga M, Janjetic M, Barrado A, Boccio J: Bioavailability studies of stabilized iron (II) sulfate by means of the prophylactic-preventive method. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2007 Winter;120(1-3):110-3.

The bioavailability of stabilized ferrous sulfate was studied by means of the prophylactic-preventive test in rats.
Individual hemoglobin concentrations and weights were determined at the beginning and at the end of the study, and food intake was daily registered.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
10905541 Agil A, Sadrzadeh SM: Hydroxy-urea protects erythrocytes against oxidative damage. Redox Rep. 2000;5(1):29-34.

Hydroxy-urea (OH-U) is used to treat sickle cell anemia by increasing hemoglobin fetal-fraction.
Intact RBCs or RBC membranes were exposed to t-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP, 0.75 mM) or iron (ferrous sulfate; 100 microM) at 37 degrees C for 60 min in the presence or absence of OH-U (1.25 mM).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
7229753 Driggers DA, Reeves JD, Lo EY, Dallman PR: Iron deficiency in one-year-old infants: comparison of results of a therapeutic trial in infants with anemia or low-normal hemoglobin values. J Pediatr. 1981 May;98(5):753-8.

The 278 infants (25%) who had an Hgb less than 11.5 gm/dl were given a three-month oral course of ferrous sulfate (3 mg iron/kg/day); the regimen was satisfactorily completed by 188 infants.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19325051 Yao P, Hao L, Nussler N, Lehmann A, Song F, Zhao J, Neuhaus P, Liu L, Nussler A: The protective role of HO-1 and its generated products (CO, bilirubin, and Fe) in ethanol-induced human hepatocyte damage. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2009 Jun;296(6):G1318-23. Epub 2009 Mar 26.


Our data clearly showed that quercetin treatment attenuated ethanol-induced damage, whereas hemoglobin and zinc protoporphyrin 9 (ZnPP) abolished such effects.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18586646 Rim H, Kim S, Sim B, Gang H, Kim H, Kim Y, Kim R, Yang M, Kim S: Effect of iron fortification of nursery complementary food on iron status of infants in the DPRKorea. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17(2):264-9.

The Fe group received rice porridge fortified with 10 mg of iron (as ferrous sulfate) per day, added to the water in which the rice was cooked and the placebo group non-fortified cereal for 6 months.
After which, the hemoglobin (Hb), serum ferritin (SF) and packed cell volume (PCV) were measured and it was found that the proportion of children with anemia (Hb <110 g/L) was lower (24.3% v 48.1% p <0.01), the Hb levels (117.6 g/L v 109.8 g/L p <0.001) and serum ferritin were higher (40.7 v 26.8 mcg/L p <0.001); and iron deficiency anemia (Hb <110 g/L, SF <12 mcg/L) was lower in the Fe group (3% v 22% p <0.001) when compared to the placebo group.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17035697 Agarwal R, Rizkala AR, Bastani B, Kaskas MO, Leehey DJ, Besarab A: A randomized controlled trial of oral versus intravenous iron in chronic kidney disease. Am J Nephrol. 2006;26(5):445-54. Epub 2006 Oct 11.

METHODS: The participants were randomized to receive either a sodium ferric gluconate complex (intravenous iron) 250 mg i.v. weekly x 4 or ferrous sulfate (oral iron) 325 mg t.i.d. x 42 days.
Hemoglobin (Hgb), ferritin and transferrin saturation (TSAT) were measured serially, and the Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQoL) questionnaire was administered on days 1 and 43.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
6631541 Park YW, Mahoney AW, Hendricks DG: Bioavailability of different sources of ferrous sulfate iron fed to anemic rats. J Nutr. 1983 Nov;113(11):2223-8.

The efficiency of converting dietary iron from these sources into hemoglobin varied from 60 to 84%.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8147338 Li R, Chen X, Yan H, Deurenberg P, Garby L, Hautvast JG: Functional consequences of iron supplementation in iron-deficient female cotton mill workers in Beijing, China. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994 Apr;59(4):908-13.


In the iron-treated group mean hemoglobin (Hb) increased from 114 to 127 g/L (P < 0.001), mean serum ferritin increased from 9.7 to 30.0 micrograms/L (P < 0.001), and mean free erythrocyte protoporphyrin decreased from 1.01 to 0.49 mumol/L (P < 0.001).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12032466 Podesta A, Parodi E, Dottori V, Crivellari R, Passerone GC: Epoetin alpha in elective coronary and valve surgery in Jehovah's Witnesses patients. Minerva Cardioangiol. 2002 Apr;50(2):125-31.


Hematochemical levels (hemoglobin, free hemoglobin, hematocrit, ferritin, transferrin, haptoglobin, reticulocytes, iron levels) were monitored from admission to Day Hospital to discharge.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2733574 Newhouse IJ, Clement DB, Taunton JE, McKenzie DC: The effects of prelatent/latent iron deficiency on physical work capacity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1989 Jun;21(3):263-8.

In order to examine the effects of mild iron deficiency on physical work capacity, 40 prelatent iron-deficient female endurance runners were studied before and after 8 wk of supplementation with either oral iron (320 mg ferrous sulfate) or a matching placebo.
Serum ferritin values rose from a mean of 12.4 +/- 4.5 to 37.7 +/- 19.7 ng.ml-1 for the experimental group and from 12.2 +/- 4.3 to 17.2 +/- 8.9 ng.ml-1 for the controls (P = 0.0025), whereas hemoglobin levels remained fairly constant for both groups (P = 0.6).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
14615726 Friel JK, Aziz K, Andrews WL, Harding SV, Courage ML, Adams RJ: A double-masked, randomized control trial of iron supplementation in early infancy in healthy term breast-fed infants. J Pediatr. 2003 Nov;143(5):582-6.

STUDY DESIGN: Term breast-fed infants (n=77) were randomly selected to receive either 7.5 mg per day of elemental iron as ferrous sulfate or placebo from 1 to 6 months of age.
RESULTS: Iron supplementation resulted in higher hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume at 6 months of age and significantly higher visual acuity and PDI at 13 months of age (100+/-12 vs 93+/-9 [+/-SD]).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18775429 Sarker SA, Mahmud H, Davidsson L, Alam NH, Ahmed T, Alam N, Salam MA, Beglinger C, Gyr N, Fuchs GJ: Causal relationship of Helicobacter pylori with iron-deficiency anemia or failure of iron supplementation in children. Gastroenterology. 2008 Nov;135(5):1534-42. Epub 2008 Aug 5.

METHODS: We randomized 200 Hp-infected children (positive urea breath test) 2-5 years of age with IDA (hemoglobin level <110 g/L; serum ferritin level <12 microg/L; and soluble transferrin receptor > 8.3 mg/L) or ID (serum ferritin level <12 microg/L or soluble transferrin receptor level > 8.3 mg/L) to 1 of 4 regimens: 2-week anti-Hp therapy (amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and omeprazole) plus 90-day oral ferrous sulfate (anti-Hp plus iron), 2-week anti-Hp therapy alone, 90-day oral iron alone, or placebo.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
2709674 Van Wyck DB, Stivelman JC, Ruiz J, Kirlin LF, Katz MA, Ogden DA: Iron status in patients receiving erythropoietin for dialysis-associated anemia. Kidney Int. 1989 Feb;35(2):712-6.

We calculated projected iron needed for new hemoglobin synthesis from the difference between initial and target hemoglobin concentrations, initial iron reserves available from initial serum ferritin levels, and net projected surplus or deficit from the difference between needs and reserves.
During acute rHuEPO therapy net body iron balance remained neutral in patients receiving no iron supplements and increased 5 mg/kg in patients prescribed oral ferrous sulfate.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
1242550 Heinrich HC, Gabbe EE, Whang DH, Bender-Gotze C, Schafer KH: Ferrous and hemoglobin-59Fe absorption from supplemented cow milk in infants with normal and depleted iron stores. Z Kinderheilkd. 1975 Nov 13;120(4):251-8.

A daily dose of only 5 mg ferrous sulfate iron is enough to cover the total iron requirement of infants.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
7653164 Borisiuk MV, Zinchuk VV: Analysis of the relationship between hemoglobin-oxygen affinity and lipid peroxidation during fever. Acta Biochim Pol. 1995;42(1):69-74.

3(0,0,0,3) Details
12764453 Ferreira ML, Ferreira LO, da Silva AA, Batista Filho M: [Effectiveness of weekly iron sulfate in the Family Health Program in Caruaru, Pernambuco State, Brazil]. Cad Saude Publica. 2003 Mar-Apr;19(2):375-81. Epub 2003 May 15.


Before the trial, mean hemoglobin was 10.1 (+/- 0.98) g/dl, and 77.5% of the children were anemic.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
7229734 Hunter JE: Iron availability and absorption in rats fed sodium phytate. . J Nutr. 1981 May;111(5):841-7.

In the first experiment, iron-deficient rats were switched to diets containing variable levels of added sodium phytate and variable levels of iron as ferrous sulfate.
Iron availability was evaluated by measuring hemoglobin regeneration after 2 weeks of feeding these diets.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18363581 Maghsudlu M, Nasizadeh S, Toogeh GR, Zandieh T, Parandoush S, Rezayani M: Short-term ferrous sulfate supplementation in female blood donors. Transfusion. 2008 Jun;48(6):1192-7. Epub 2008 Mar 17.

Their hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, hematocrit (Hct), serum ferritin, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and percent saturation of the TIBC were tested throughout the course of the study.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
925814 Lundstrom U, Siimes MA, Dallman PR: At what age does iron supplementation become necessary in low-birth-weight infants?. J Pediatr. 1977 Dec;91(6):878-83.

In order to accurately determine when this depletion occurs, we measured the hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, serum iron/iron-binding capacity, and serum ferritin in 117 low-birth-weight infants (1,000 to 2,000 gm) from 0.5 until 6 months of age.
All infants received banked breast milk in the hospital and breast milk or cow milk formula later; those with odd birth dates received 2 mg iron as ferrous sulfate/kg/day starting at 0.5 months; those with even birth dates received no additional iron unless they developed anemia.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15958324 Li YQ, Mai LS, Chang HL, Yu BJ, Huang ZL: [Efficacy of complex Hongyibuxue oral solution and ferrous sulfate for iron deficiency anemia]. Di Yi Jun Yi Da Xue Xue Bao. 2005 Jun;25(6):732-3.

RESULTS: Hemoglobin, serum iron and serum ferritin in the test group rose faster than those in control group (P <0.05).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
4055462 Rosen GM, Deinard AS, Schwartz S, Smith C, Stephenson B, Grabenstein B: Iron deficiency among incarcerated juvenile delinquents. J Adolesc Health Care. 1985 Nov;6(6):419-23.


A population of 163 incarcerated delinquents (126 males and 37 females aged 12-18 years) was studied to determine the prevalence of iron deficiency and to compare hemoglobin (Hgb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), serum ferritin (SF), and erythrocyte protoporphyrin/hemoglobin (EP/Hgb) as predictors of response to iron therapy.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8468108 Liguori L: Iron protein succinylate in the treatment of iron deficiency: controlled, double-blind, multicenter clinical trial on over 1,000 patients. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. 1993 Mar;31(3):103-23.


Although in the first month the reference treatment appears to provide somewhat faster results, at the end of the observation, the values of hematocrit, hemoglobin and ferritin were greater in the ITF 282 group, indicating a more progressive and steady therapeutic effect.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17119383 Semrin G, Fishman DS, Bousvaros A, Zholudev A, Saunders AC, Correia CE, Nemeth E, Grand RJ, Weinstein DA: Impaired intestinal iron absorption in Crohn's disease correlates with disease activity and markers of inflammation. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2006 Dec;12(12):1101-6.

After an overnight fast, serum iron and hemoglobin levels, serum markers of inflammation [IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate], and a urine sample for hepcidin assay were obtained at 8 am.
Ferrous sulfate (1 mg/kg) was administered orally, followed by determination of serum iron concentrations hourly for 4 hours after the ingestion of iron.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15510758 Siddiqui IA, Rahman MA, Jaleel A: Efficacy of daily vs. weekly supplementation of iron in schoolchildren with low iron status. J Trop Pediatr. 2004 Oct;50(5):276-8.

Hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and serum ferritin were determined before the start of the study.
Ferrous sulfate (200 mg) was given daily to the daily supplementation group and once-weekly to the weekly supplementation group for 2 months.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12198002 Pizarro F, Olivares M, Hertrampf E, Mazariegos DI, Arredondo M, Letelier A, Gidi V: Iron bis-glycine chelate competes for the nonheme-iron absorption pathway. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Sep;76(3):577-81.


Study A involved the measurement of the dose-response curve of the absorption of ferrous sulfate (through a nonheme-iron absorption pathway); study B involved the competition of iron bis-glycine chelate with ferrous sulfate for the nonheme-iron absorption pathway; study C involved the measurement of the dose-response curve of heme-iron absorption; study D involved the competition of iron bis-glycine chelate with hemoglobin for the heme-iron absorption pathway; and studies E and F were the same as studies A and B, except that the iron bis-glycine chelate was encapsulated in enteric gelatin capsules so that it would not be processed in the stomach.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
6827383 Park YW, Mahoney AW, Cornforth DP, Collinge SK, Hendricks DG: Bioavailability to anemic rats of iron from fresh, cooked or nitrosylated hemoglobin and myoglobin. J Nutr. 1983 Mar;113(3):680-7.

The efficiencies of converting hemoglobin and ferrous sulfate iron into hemoglobin by the anemic rats were very similar to reported absorption values for these iron sources by iron-deficient human subjects.
92(1,1,2,7) Details
17572803 Dos Santos MM, Nogueira Ndo N, Diniz Ada S: [Effectiveness of different iron supplementation strategies on hemoglobin and ferritin levels among schoolchildren in Teresina, Piaui State, Brazil]. Cad Saude Publica. 2007 Jul;23(7):1547-52.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of supplementation with ferrous sulfate and iron bis-glycinate chelate on hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels among schoolchildren (7-11 years) of both sexes.
83(1,1,1,3) Details
10778761 Smaniotto D, Luzi S, Morganti AG, Cellini N: Prognostic significance of anemia and role of erythropoietin in radiation therapy. Tumori. 2000 Jan-Feb;86(1):17-23.

The results of a series of clinical studies published in the last decade allow some general observations: 1. the administration of erythropoietin, especially if associated to ferrous sulfate is able to increase hemoglobulin levels in cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy (combined with concomitant chemotherapy); 2. erythropoietin stimulation of hemoglobin in anemia decreases the need for blood transfusion in cancer patients; 3. tumor response to radiation therapy appears to be enhanced by erythropoietin-induced hemoglobulin increase.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
7400859 Mahoney AW, Farmer BR, Hendricks DG: Effects of level and source of dietary fat on the bioavailability of iron from turkey meat for the anemic rat. J Nutr. 1980 Aug;110(8):1703-8.

Differences in growth among treatments an affect iron bioavailability determinations when change in hemoglobin concentration is used as the criterion.
By expressing iron bioavailability as the efficiency of the conversion of dietary iron into hemoglobin, it was demonstrated that the amount of fat in the diet did not affect the bioavailability of iron from turkey meat or from ferrous sulfate.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
9239288 Franco E, Hertrampf E, Hazbun J, Segu S, Illanes JC, Palacios L, Figueroa G, Orellana J: [Iron supplementation in Chilean Mapuche infants of the Cautin Province, Chile]. Arch Latinoam Nutr. 1996 Jun;46(2):118-21.

A 1.8 ml iron supplementation of ferrous sulfate is administered for 90 days to 76 Mapuche infants, 12 months of age, male and female, from the rural area of the Cautin province of Chile.
The iron nutrition is evaluated before and after the supplementation, through: hemoglobin, haematocrit, transferrin saturation and seric ferritin.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
15113952 Pena-Rosas JP, Nesheim MC, Garcia-Casal MN, Crompton DW, Sanjur D, Viteri FE, Frongillo EA, Lorenzana P: Intermittent iron supplementation regimens are able to maintain safe maternal hemoglobin concentrations during pregnancy in Venezuela. J Nutr. 2004 May;134(5):1099-104.

Women were randomly allocated to receive a 120-mg oral dose of iron as ferrous sulfate and 0.5 mg of folic acid weekly (n = 52) or 60 mg iron and 0.25 mg folic acid and a placebo twice weekly (n = 44).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
8262840 Lavey RS, Dempsey WH: Erythropoietin increases hemoglobin in cancer patients during radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1993 Dec 1;27(5):1147-52.

All 40 patients were given oral ferrous sulfate throughout their radiation therapy course.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19503953 Souza AI, Batista Filho M, Bresani CC, Ferreira LO, Figueiroa JN: Adherence and side effects of three ferrous sulfate treatment regimens on anemic pregnant women in clinical trials. Cad Saude Publica. 2009 Jun;25(6):1225-33.

The clinical trial involved 150 women between the 16th and 20th gestational weeks, at low obstetric risk and with hemoglobin concentration of between 8.0 and 11.0 g/dL.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7257364 Dallman PR: Iron deficiency: diagnosis and treatment. West J Med. 1981 Jun;134(6):496-505.

Laboratory screening is based on hemoglobin or hematocrit determinations compared with age-specific and sex-specific reference standards.
However, in most cases, a simple therapeutic trial with ferrous sulfate may be instituted on the basis of history and a screening test alone.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19070025 Eftekhari MH, Eshraghian MR, Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Saadat N, Shidfar F: Effect of iron repletion and correction of iron deficiency on thyroid function in iron-deficient Iranian adolescent girls. Pak J Biol Sci. 2007 Jan 15;10(2):255-60.

Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups and treated with a 300 mg ferrous sulfate 5 times/week (n = 47) and placebo 5 times/week (n = 47) for 12 weeks.
Blood samples were collected and assayed for hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum ferritin, iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total thyroxine (TT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3), free thyroid hormones (FT4 and FT3), triiodothyronine resin uptake (T3RU), reverse triiodothyronine (rT3), selenium and albumin concentrations.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1501568 Klingshirn LA, Pate RR, Bourque SP, Davis JM, Sargent RG: Effect of iron supplementation on endurance capacity in iron-depleted female runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1992 Jul;24(7):819-24.


Eighteen iron-depleted (serum ferritin less than 20 ng.ml-1, hemoglobin greater than or equal to 12 g.dl-1) women (22-39 yr) performed a VO2max test and an endurance run to exhaustion.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11887827 Johnson DW, Herzig KA, Gissane R, Campbell SB, Hawley CM, Isbel NM: Oral versus intravenous iron supplementation in peritoneal dialysis patients. Perit Dial Int. 2001;21 Suppl 3:S231-5.


That treatment produced significant increases in hemoglobin concentration and body iron stores.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18408148 King SM, Donangelo CM, Knutson MD, Walter PB, Ames BN, Viteri FE, King JC: Daily supplementation with iron increases lipid peroxidation in young women with low iron stores. Exp Biol Med. 2008 Jun;233(6):701-7. Epub 2008 Apr 11.

Twelve women participated in the study for a 70-day period and consumed daily iron supplements (98 mg of iron as ferrous sulfate) from day 14 to day 70.
Hemoglobin levels increased slightly and other indicators of iron status became normal.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
856693 Steiner H, Hilgarth M: [Treatment of anemia in pregnancy] . Fortschr Med. 1977 Mar 17;95(11):753-6.

In a therapeutic comparative study two trial-groups (1 and 2) of 30 pregnant women each suffering from iron deficiency anemia of light degree received randomly selected a combination of ferrous succinate and multivitamins (Multibionta-Eisen) or a combination of ferrous sulfate and folic acid (preparations ES).
By both medications the decrease of hemoglobin, red blood count and hematocrit could be stopped and a re-increase of these values was seen afterwards.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1542922 Biesma DH, Kraaijenhagen RJ, Poortman J, Marx JJ, van de Wiel A: The effect of oral iron supplementation on erythropoiesis in autologous blood donors. Transfusion. 1992 Feb;32(2):162-5.


During the preoperative period, in which 4 units of blood were collected, 17 patients received oral iron supplementation with 287 mg of ferrous sulfate (105 mg of elemental iron/day), while 17 patients did not use any iron supplementation.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
14608072 Swain JH, Newman SM, Hunt JR: Bioavailability of elemental iron powders to rats is less than bakery-grade ferrous sulfate and predicted by iron solubility and particle surface area. J Nutr. 2003 Nov;133(11):3546-52.

0(0,0,0,0) Details
1029811 Mahoney AW, Hendricks DG: Effect of dietary iron level on efficiency of converting food iron into hemoglobin by the anemic rat. Nutr Metab. 1976;20(4):222-7.

The effects of varying the dietary levels of ferrous sulfate or ferric orthophosphate on the efficiency of the conversion of dietary iron into hemoglobin iron, was evaluated with the anemic rat.
89(1,1,2,4) Details
12848529 Matsumoto J, Mori N, Doi M, Kishida T, Ebihara K: Evaluation of iron bioavailability from bonito dark muscle using anemic rats. J Agric Food Chem. 2003 Jul 16;51(15):4478-82.

The bioavailability of iron from ferrous sulfate (FeII-S), heme iron prepared from hemoglobin (HIP), and bonito dark muscle (BDM) was assessed in anemic rats using a hemoglobin regeneration efficiency (HRE) method.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
16458655 Siega-Riz AM, Hartzema AG, Turnbull C, Thorp J, McDonald T, Cogswell ME: The effects of prophylactic iron given in prenatal supplements on iron status and birth outcomes: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Feb;194(2):512-9.

STUDY DESIGN: Eight hundred sixty-seven women in Raleigh, North Carolina, who were at < 20 weeks of gestation were enrolled; 429 of these women had hemoglobin levels of > or = 110 g/L and ferritin levels of > or = 40 microg/L and were assigned randomly to receive prenatal supplements with 30 mg of iron as ferrous sulfate (n = 218 women) or 0 mg of iron (n = 211 women) until 26 to 29 weeks of gestation.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
16840386 Ripamonti V, Racca V, Calvo MG, Castiglioni P, Ferratini M: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors slow recovery from anemia following cardiac surgery. Chest. 2006 Jul;130(1):79-84.

METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty male patients with anemia (hemoglobin < 12 g/dL) an average of 9 days after cardiac surgery were randomized to receive enalapril (ACE inhibitor group) or not.
All of the patients received ferrous sulfate, 525 mg, in addition to standard therapy.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
10461992 Stahl CH, Han YM, Roneker KR, House WA, Lei XG: Phytase improves iron bioavailability for hemoglobin synthesis in young pigs. J Anim Sci. 1999 Aug;77(8):2135-42.

In Exp. 2, 12 anemic, 21-d-old pigs were fed either a strict vegetarian, high-phytate (1.34%) basal diet alone, or the diet supplemented with 50 mg Fe/kg diet (ferrous sulfate) or phytase at 1,200 U/kg diet (Natuphos, BASF, Mt.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
6466828 Efuni SN, Kaplan EIa, Lukash AI, Gukasov VM, Dudkin SI: [Characteristics of the chemiluminescence of the system containing H202 in the presence of iron compounds]. Biull Eksp Biol Med. 1984 Jul;98(7):42-3.


The relative effectiveness of radical formation by different concentrations of hemoglobin, hemin and Fe2+ in the reaction with H2O2 evaluated by the intensity of chemiluminescence was studied.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
12481145 Trivedi HS, Brooks BJ: Erythropoietin therapy in pre-dialysis patients with chronic renal failure: lack of need for parenteral iron. Am J Nephrol. 2003 Mar-Apr;23(2):78-85.


The hemoglobin concentration increased from 9 +/- 0.9 g/dl at baseline to 10.7 +/- 1.1 g/dl at time 1 (p < 0.0001) and to 12 +/- 1.5 g/dl at time 2 (p < 0.0001).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
2241732 Lukaski HC, Hall CB, Nielsen FH: Thermogenesis and thermoregulatory function of iron-deficient women without anemia. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1990 Oct;61(10):913-20.

Physiological responses at 16 degrees C were studied in 11 women, age 28 +/- 2 (mean +/- S.E.) years and 26 +/- 2% fat, after their body iron stores were depleted by diet (5.0 mg iron x 2,000 kcal-1 x d-1), phlebotomy and menstruation for about 80 d and were repleted by diet (13.7 mg iron x 2,000 kcal-1 x d-1) for about 100 d, including daily iron supplementation (50 mg of iron as ferrous sulfate) for the last 14 d of repletion.
Iron depletion was characterized by a decline (p less than 0.05) in hemoglobin (12.0 +/- 0.2 g x dl-1), ferritin (5.5 +/- 0.5 ng x ml-1) and body iron balance (-9.1 +/- 2.6 mg x 6 d-1).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
17435611 Saha L, Pandhi P, Gopalan S, Malhotra S, Saha PK: Comparison of efficacy, tolerability, and cost of iron polymaltose complex with ferrous sulphate in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women. MedGenMed. 2007 Jan 2;9(1):1.


METHODS: One hundred pregnant women aged 20-40 years at 14 to 27 weeks' gestation, with hemoglobin (Hb) < 9 g/dL, and serum ferritin < 12 mcg/L, were classified into 2 groups.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
3788834 Walter T, Arredondo S, Arevalo M, Stekel A: Effect of iron therapy on phagocytosis and bactericidal activity in neutrophils of iron-deficient infants. Am J Clin Nutr. 1986 Dec;44(6):877-82.

All infants had hemoglobins less than 11 mg/dL with low saturation of transferrin and serum ferritin but were otherwise in good health.
After 3-5 days of ferrous sulfate administration, there was no significant improvement.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17556315 Johnson DW: Intravenous versus oral iron supplementation in peritoneal dialysis patients. Perit Dial Int. 2007 Jun;27 Suppl 2:S255-60.


Controlled trials have demonstrated that, in iron-deficient and iron-replete PD patients alike, intravenous (IV) iron supplementation results in superior iron stores and hemoglobin levels with fewer side effects than oral iron produces.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16835600 Hinton PS, Sinclair LM: Iron supplementation maintains ventilatory threshold and improves energetic efficiency in iron-deficient nonanemic athletes. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007 Jan;61(1):30-9. Epub 2006 Jul 12.

SUBJECTS: Twenty iron-deficient (serum ferritin, sFer <16 microg/l; serum transferrin receptor, sTfR> 8.0 mg/l; or sTfR/log sFer index > 4.5), nonanemic (hemoglobin, Hb> 120 g/l, women; > 130 g/l, men) men and women (18-41 years) were recruited via fliers and newspaper advertisements; 20 of 31 eligible subjects participated.
INTERVENTIONS: A 30 mg measure of elemental iron as ferrous sulfate or placebo daily for 6 weeks.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8169656 Lawless JW, Latham MC, Stephenson LS, Kinoti SN, Pertet AM: Iron supplementation improves appetite and growth in anemic Kenyan primary school children. J Nutr. 1994 May;124(5):645-54.

Sustained-release ferrous sulfate (150 mg) or placebo tablets were provided daily at school for 14 wk.
Prior to tablet administration, baseline anthropometry, iron nutritional status (hemoglobin and serum ferritin), parasitic infections and clinical indicators of morbidity were measured.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17296819 Henry DH, Dahl NV, Auerbach M, Tchekmedyian S, Laufman LR: Intravenous ferric gluconate significantly improves response to epoetin alfa versus oral iron or no iron in anemic patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy. Oncologist. 2007 Feb;12(2):231-42.


PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravenous (IV) sodium ferric gluconate complex (FG), oral ferrous sulfate, or no iron to increase hemoglobin (Hb) in anemic cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and epoetin alfa.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
1158832 Fritz JC, Pla GW, Harrison BN, Clark GA: Estimation of the bioavailability of iron. J Assoc Off Anal Chem. 1975 Sep;58(5):902-5.


Ferrous sulfate was used as the reference standard.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
15212134 Williams M, Blocksom JM, Baciewicz FA Jr: Coronary artery bypass grafting in a dialysis-dependent Jehovah's Witness. Tex Heart Inst J. 2004;31(2):181-3; discussion 183.

Coronary artery bypass grafting can be performed safely in the Jehovah's Witness patient with dialysis-dependent chronic renal failure by performing the operation electively if possible, limiting blood loss through the application of off-pump bypass and autologous transfusion techniques during surgery, increasing hemoglobin during both the pre- and postoperative periods by using erythropoietin and ferrous sulfate, and maintaining oxygen delivery during the postoperative period by the use of inotropic agents.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
11688081 Szarfarc SC, de Cassana LM, Fujimori E, Guerra-Shinohara EM, de Oliveira IM: Relative effectiveness of iron bis-glycinate chelate (Ferrochel) and ferrous sulfate in the control of iron deficiency in pregnant women. Arch Latinoam Nutr. 2001 Mar;51(1 Suppl 1):42-7.

The relative effectiveness of daily supplementation of iron deficiency during pregnancy using 15 mg/day of iron from iron-bis-glycinate chelate (71 pregnant women), or 40 mg iron from ferrous sulfate (74 pregnant women) was evaluated by measuring hemoglobin, transferrin saturation and serum ferritin, at the beginning of the study (< 20 weeks of pregnancy) and at 20-30 weeks and 30-40 weeks thereafter.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
9746616 Jarosik GP, Land CB, Duhon P, Chandler R Jr, Mercer T: Acquisition of iron by Gardnerella vaginalis. Infect Immun. 1998 Oct;66(10):5041-7.

In a plate bioassay, all six strains acquired iron from ferrous chloride, ferric chloride, ferrous sulfate, ferric ammonium citrate, ferrous ammonium sulfate, bovine and equine hemin, bovine catalase, and equine, bovine, rabbit, and human hemoglobin.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
14522736 Cogswell ME, Parvanta I, Ickes L, Yip R, Brittenham GM: Iron supplementation during pregnancy, anemia, and birth weight: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Oct;78(4):773-81.

Of these, 275 had a hemoglobin concentration >/= 110 g/L and a ferritin concentration >/= 20 micro g/L and were randomly assigned to receive a monthly supply of capsules containing either 30 mg Fe as ferrous sulfate or placebo until 28 wk of gestation.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
19682342 Van Wyck DB, Mangione A, Morrison J, Hadley PE, Jehle JA, Goodnough LT: Large-dose intravenous ferric carboxymaltose injection for iron deficiency anemia in heavy uterine bleeding: a randomized, controlled trial. Transfusion. 2009 Dec;49(12):2719-28. Epub 2009 Jul 22.

RESULTS: Compared to those assigned to ferrous sulfate, more patients assigned to ferric carboxymaltose responded with a hemoglobin (Hb) increase of 2.0 g/dL or more (82% vs. 62%, 95% confidence interval for treatment difference 12.2-28.3, p < 0.001), more achieved a 3.0 g/dL or more increase (53% vs. 36%, p < 0.001), and more achieved correction (Hb > or= 12 g/dL) of anemia (73% vs. 50%, p < 0.001).
6(0,0,1,1) Details
8286880 Brigham DE, Beard JL, Krimmel RS, Kenney WL: Changes in iron status during competitive season in female collegiate swimmers. Nutrition. 1993 Sep-Oct;9(5):418-22.


After 5 wk of placebo treatment, hemoglobin decreased (> or = 6 g/L) in 44% and increased in 12% of the subjects.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
9733127 Boling SD, Edwards HM 3rd, Emmert JL, Biehl RR, Baker DH: Bioavailability of iron in cottonseed meal, ferric sulfate, and two ferrous sulfate by-products of the galvanizing industry. Poult Sci. 1998 Sep;77(9):1388-92.

Standard hemoglobin response curves were established using feed-grade FeSO4.H2O (28.8% Fe) or reagent-grade FeSO4.7H2O (20.1% Fe) as standards such that relative bioavailability (RBV) could be assessed for the experimental sources of Fe.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
12887843 Ahmed P, Mahmood A, Aziz S, Azim W: Comparison of response between food supplemented with powdered iron and iron in syrup form for iron deficiency anemia. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2003 Jul;13(7):402-4.


The patients were followed up with hemoglobin estimation (Hb) and reticulocyte response at 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 weeks.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
15814750 Lanzinger MJ, Niklason LE, Shannon M, Hill SE: Use of hemoglobin raffimer for postoperative life-threatening anemia in a Jehovah's Witness. Can J Anaesth. 2005 Apr;52(4):369-73.

After obtaining informed consent as well as Food and Drug Administration and Institutional Review Board approval for compassionate use, 2 L of Hb raffimer (Hemolink, Hemosol, Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada) were administered along with ferrous sulfate and epoetin alfa therapy.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
15811774 Chang YJ, Jo MY, Hwang EH, Park CU, Kim KS: Recovery from iron deficiency in rats by the intake of recombinant yeast producing human H-ferritin. Nutrition. 2005 Apr;21(4):520-4.


The bioavailability of iron was examined by measuring hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value, and tissue iron stores.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
10382128 Choe YH, Kim SK, Son BK, Lee DH, Hong YC, Pai SH: Randomized placebo-controlled trial of Helicobacter pylori eradication for iron-deficiency anemia in preadolescent children and adolescents. Helicobacter. 1999 Jun;4(2):135-9.

Group A and B subjects, who received eradication therapy, showed a significant increase in hemoglobin level as compared with group C subjects at 8 weeks after therapy (p = .0086).
Group A patients were given oral ferrous sulfate and a 2-week course of bismuth subcitrate, amoxicillin, and metronidazole.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9207741 Zahner H, Schmidtchen D, Mutasa JA: Ivermectin-induced killing of microfilariae in vitro by neutrophils mediated by NO. Exp Parasitol. 1997 Jun;86(2):110-7.


The nitric oxide scavenger hemoglobin also protected the microfilariae.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7261310 Huisman W: Interference of imferon in colorimetric assays for iron. Clin Chem. 1980 Apr;26(5):635-7.

The freed iron becomes dialyzable, can react with bathophenanthroline, and elutes on a Sephadex G-50 or G-15 column in the same fractions as an ammonium ferrous sulfate.
The relative amount of interference from hemoglobin iron under the various assay conditions is different from that of Imferon iron.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10695822 Nickerson HJ, Silberman T, Park RW, DeVries EO, Broste SK: Treatment of iron deficiency anemia and associated protein-losing enteropathy in children. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2000 Jan-Feb;22(1):50-4.


Stool specimens for hemoglobin losses were collected at weeks 0, 3, 6, and 12.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7299507 Florencio CA: Effects of iron and ascorbic acid supplementation on hemoglobin level and work efficiency of anemic women. J Occup Med. 1981 Oct;23(10):699-704.

The subjects were then randomly assigned to either the placebo group or the group receiving 525 mg of ferrous sulfate (105 mg elemental iron) and 500 mg ascorbic acid.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11983821 Murray-Kolb LE, Takaiwa F, Goto F, Yoshihara T, Theil EC, Beard JL: Transgenic rice is a source of iron for iron-depleted rats. J Nutr. 2002 May;132(5):957-60.

Because ferritin is used as a natural source of iron in the early development of humans, other animals and plants, the bioavailability of iron in rice seeds, provided in amounts equal to ferrous sulfate, and in transgenic rice with ferritin was tested in iron-deficient rats.
A standard hemoglobin (Hb) repletion bioassay was used with rats made anemic followed by complete diets containing equivalent amounts of iron as FeSO (4) or one of three different bioengineered rice varieties (Kitaake and two transgenic derivatives with ferritin targeted to the seed, FK11 and FK22).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8428002 Brugnara C, Chambers LA, Malynn E, Goldberg MA, Kruskall MS: Red blood cell regeneration induced by subcutaneous recombinant erythropoietin: iron-deficient erythropoiesis in iron-replete subjects. Blood. 1993 Feb 15;81(4):956-64.


All healthy subjects took oral ferrous sulfate.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
619040 Miller J: Effects of dietary corn on hematological response of anemic rats to ferrous sulfate. J Nutr. 1978 Jan;108(1):33-9.

0(0,0,0,0) Details
16920866 Hicks PD, Zavaleta N, Chen Z, Abrams SA, Lonnerdal B: Iron deficiency, but not anemia, upregulates iron absorption in breast-fed peruvian infants. J Nutr. 2006 Sep;136(9):2435-8.


We studied 2 groups of human milk-fed infants using (57) Fe (given as ferrous sulfate without any milk) and (58) Fe (given at the time of a breast-milk feeding) stable isotopes to determine whether healthy infants at risk for iron deficiency would regulate their iron absorption based on their iron status.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
19430060 Bopche AV, Dwivedi R, Mishra R, Patel GS: Ferrous sulfate versus iron polymaltose complex for treatment of iron deficiency anemia in children. Indian Pediatr. 2009 Oct;46(10):883-5. Epub 2009 Apr 1.

Children who received ferrous sulfate were having higher hemoglobin level, and less residual complaints as compared to those who had received iron polymaltose complex.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
19444923 Klenow S, Pool-Zobel BL, Glei M: Influence of inorganic and organic iron compounds on parameters of cell growth and survival in human colon cells. Toxicol In Vitro. 2009 Apr;23(3):400-7.

After treatment of cells with inorganic (ferrous sulfate: FeSO4 and ferric nitrilotriacetate: FeNTA) and organic (hemoglobin and hemin) iron sources (24-72 h), number of cells and metabolic activity were measured.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
17977537 Ziaei S, Mehrnia M, Faghihzadeh S: Iron status markers in nonanemic pregnant women with and without iron supplementation. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2008 Feb;100(2):130-2. Epub 2007 Oct 31.

METHODS: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial 244 women who had a hemoglobin concentration of 13.2 g/dL or greater and a serum ferritin level higher than 15 microg/L between the 13th and 18th week of pregnancy took either one 150-mg tablet of ferrous sulfate daily or placebo during their pregnancies.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
17896584 Lynch SR, Bothwell T: A comparison of physical properties, screening procedures and a human efficacy trial for predicting the bioavailability of commercial elemental iron powders used for food fortification. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2007 Mar;77(2):107-24.

Selected samples (one or more of each type depending on the cost of the assay) were then subjected to five screening procedures that have previously been advocated for predicting bioavailability in humans--issolution rate in 0.1 mol/L HCl, dialyzability and Caco-2 cell iron uptake, both after simulated in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, relative bioavailability (RBV) with respect to ferrous sulfate by the AOAC rat hemoglobin repletion method, and plasma iron tolerance tests in human volunteers.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
1729575 Zauber NP, Zauber AG, Gordon FJ, Tillis AC, Leeds HC, Berman E, Kudryk AB: Iron supplementation after femoral head replacement for patients with normal iron stores. JAMA. 1992 Jan 22-29;267(4):525-7.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of oral iron therapy in the recovery of patients' hemoglobin levels after major surgery.
INTERVENTION: Thirty-seven patients received ferrous sulfate orally four times a day for the duration of their hospitalization.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
15531676 Alarcon K, Kolsteren PW, Prada AM, Chian AM, Velarde RE, Pecho IL, Hoeree TF: Effects of separate delivery of zinc or zinc and vitamin A on hemoglobin response, growth, and diarrhea in young Peruvian children receiving iron therapy for anemia. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Nov;80(5):1276-82.

Anemic children aged 6-35 mo were assigned to 3 treatment groups: ferrous sulfate (FS; n = 104), ferrous sulfate and zinc sulfate (FSZn; n = 109), and ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, and vitamin A (FSZnA; n = 110).
3(0,0,0,3) Details
11722961 Zlotkin S, Arthur P, Antwi KY, Yeung G: Treatment of anemia with microencapsulated ferrous fumarate plus ascorbic acid supplied as sprinkles to complementary (weaning) foods. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Dec;74(6):791-5.

BACKGROUND: Standard therapy for anemia in infants is ferrous sulfate drops administered 3 times/d.
DESIGN: Using a prospective, randomized, controlled design, we studied 557 anemic children aged 6-18 mo (hemoglobin: 70-99 g/L) in rural Ghana.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
3763274 Hertrampf E, Cayazzo M, Pizarro F, Stekel A: Bioavailability of iron in soy-based formula and its effect on iron nutriture in infancy. Pediatrics. 1986 Oct;78(4):640-5.

Iron bioavailability from a soy formula (Prosobee-PP 710) (iron added as ferrous sulfate: 12 mg/L; ascorbic acid: 54 mg/L) was examined in 16 adult women using the extrinsic radioactive tag method.
Infants fed soy formula and iron-fortified cow's milk had similar mean values of hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, transferrin saturation, free erythrocyte protoporphyrin, and serum ferritin; both formula groups differed significantly (P less than .05) from the breast-fed group in all measurements except free erythrocyte protoporphyrin.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
3169492 Levine DS, Huebers HA, Rubin CE, Finch CA: Blocking action of parenteral desferrioxamine on iron absorption in rodents and men. Gastroenterology. 1988 Nov;95(5):1242-8.

Radiolabeled ferrous ammonium sulfate, transferrin iron, or hemoglobin iron was injected directly into the jejunum of rats with or without intramuscular injections of DFO.
Radioiron administered as ferrous sulfate or as transferrin iron was given to the volunteers by mouth or by direct duodenal infusion, respectively, with or without intravenous infusions of DFO.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
3524335 Harju E, Lindberg H: Ascorbic acid does not augment the restoration effect of iron treatment for empty iron stores in patients after gastrointestinal surgery. Am Surg. 1986 Aug;52(8):463-6.

The effect of a 6-week combined treatment with ferrous sulfate (80 mg Fe++ three times daily) and ascorbic acid (75 mg three times daily) on the empty iron stores in 20 patients after gastrointestinal surgery was examined from changes of serum ferritin.
Also blood hemoglobin and serum iron concentrations increased significantly (P less than 0.01).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9580762 Walter T, Pino P, Pizarro F, Lozoff B: Prevention of iron-deficiency anemia: comparison of high- and low-iron formulas in term healthy infants after six months of life. J Pediatr. 1998 Apr;132(4):635-40.

STUDY DESIGN: Healthy Chilean 6-month-old infants (without iron-deficiency anemia, born at term weighing > or 3.0 kg) who were totally or partially weaned from the breast were randomly allocated in a double-blind fashion to receive high-iron (n = 430) or low-iron formula (n = 405), containing an average of 12.7 mg/L or 2.3 mg/L, respectively, of elemental iron as ferrous sulfate.
Nevertheless, infants receiving high-iron formula had somewhat higher levels of hemoglobin and serum ferritin, greater mean cell volumes, and lower erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels (p < 0.005).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
14968927 Hamdaoui MH, Chabchoub S, Hedhili A: Iron bioavailability and weight gains to iron-deficient rats fed a commonly consumed Tunisian meal 'bean seeds ragout' with or without beef and with green or black tea decoction. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2003;17(3):159-64.


The Fe bioavailability was evaluated in Fe-deficient rats by the hemoglobin repletion method and the Fe stored in the liver.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3810831 Gordeuk VR, Brittenham GM, Hughes MA, Keating LJ: Carbonyl iron for short-term supplementation in female blood donors. Transfusion. 1987 Jan-Feb;27(1):80-5.

Volunteers were assigned randomly to one of three treatment groups: 1) carbonyl iron (nontoxic elemental iron powder), 600 mg; 2) ferrous sulfate, 300 mg (60 mg Fe++); or 3) placebo, each given three times daily for 1 week immediately after blood donation.
Blood samples obtained initially and 56 days later were tested for hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), free erythrocyte protoporphyrin, serum ferritin, serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and percent saturation of TIBC.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16444009 Janjetic M, Barrado A, Torti H, Weill R, Orlandini J, Urriza R, Boccio J: Iron bioavailability from fortified petit suisse cheese determined by the prophylactic-preventive method. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2006 Feb;109(2):195-200.

The iron bioavailability was calculated as the ratio between the mass of iron incorporated into hemoglobin and the total iron intake per animal during the treatment.
These values (BioFe) were 68% and 72% for SFG and ferrous sulfate, respectively.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12566488 Shiau SY, Su LW: Ferric citrate is half as effective as ferrous sulfate in meeting the iron requirement of juvenile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus x O. aureus. J Nutr. 2003 Feb;133(2):483-8.

Hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) were higher in fish fed diets with >/=100 mg Fe/kg and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were higher in fish fed diets with >/=150 mg Fe/kg than in fish fed the diet without iron supplementation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
4067037 McGuire SO, Miller WJ, Gentry RP, Neathery MW, Ho SY, Blackmon DM: Influence of high dietary iron as ferrous carbonate and ferrous sulfate on iron metabolism in young calves. J Dairy Sci. 1985 Oct;68(10):2621-8.

0(0,0,0,0) Details
12097667 Chung CS, Nagey DA, Veillon C, Patterson KY, Jackson RT, Moser-Veillon PB: A single 60-mg iron dose decreases zinc absorption in lactating women. J Nutr. 2002 Jul;132(7):1903-5.


This study determined whether a single 60-mg dose of ferrous sulfate interferes with fractional zinc absorption (FZA) at 7-9 wk of lactation.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
10989766 Kianfar H, Kimiagar M, Ghaffarpour M: Effect of daily and intermittent iron supplementation on iron status of high school girls. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2000 Jul;70(4):172-7.


During a 3-month period, the test groups were given 150 mg ferrous sulfate tablets (50 mg Fe).
0(0,0,0,0) Details
7531047 Kubanek B, Rich I, Noe G: [Erythropoietin] . Infusionsther Transfusionsmed. 1994 Nov;21 Suppl 3:46-50.


A high dose of oral ferrous sulfate (300 mg) was given 11 days in advance of rHu EPO.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
7388178 Wheby MS: Effect of iron therapy on serum ferritin levels in iron-deficiency anemia. . Blood. 1980 Jul;56(1):138-40.


To evaluate this in adults, 14 patients with iron-deficiency anemia were studied prior to and after beginning treatment with oral ferrous sulfate in standard dose, 300 mg t.i.d., or double dose, 600 mg t.i.d.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
18752926 Navas-Carretero S, Perez-Granados AM, Sarria B, Vaquero MP: Iron absorption from meat pate fortified with ferric pyrophosphate in iron-deficient women. Nutrition. 2009 Jan;25(1):20-4. Epub 2008 Aug 26.

We compared in iron-deficient women the bioavailability of iron of three meat pate products enriched with ferrous sulfate, ferric pyrophosphate encapsulated in liposomes, or ferric pyrophosphate encapsulated in liposomes plus a hemoglobin-based meat pigment.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
18203907 Lutter CK, Rodriguez A, Fuenmayor G, Avila L, Sempertegui F, Escobar J: Growth and micronutrient status in children receiving a fortified complementary food. J Nutr. 2008 Feb;138(2):379-88.

An FCF, including ferrous sulfate, delivered through public health services, is highly effective in improving weight and hemoglobin and reducing anemia.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
19403640 Davidsson L, Sarker SA, Jamil KA, Sultana S, Hurrell R: Regular consumption of a complementary food fortified with ascorbic acid and ferrous fumarate or ferric pyrophosphate is as useful as ferrous sulfate in maintaining hemoglobin concentrations > 105 g/L in young Bangladeshi children. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Jun;89(6):1815-20. Epub 2009 Apr 29.
19(0,0,3,4) Details
17171204 Lima AC, Lima MC, Guerra MQ, Romani SA, Eickmann SH, Lira PI: Impact of weekly treatment with ferrous sulfate on hemoglobin level, morbidity and nutritional status of anemic infants. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2006 Nov-Dec;82(6):452-7.
15(0,0,2,5) Details
12489824 Lysionek AE, Zubillaga MB, Salgueiro MJ, Caro RA, Segal M, Shafran N, Shapira N, Boccio JR: Bioavailability of Petit-Suisse cheese as food vehicle for iron fortification estimated by the prophylactic method. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol. 2002 Aug;48(4):315-7.

The iron bioavailability was evaluated as the ratio of iron incorporated into hemoglobin to oral iron intake, thereby being estimated as 62.6 +/- 8.8% for ferrous sulfate and 59.2 +/- 10.6% for SFE-171, which were significantly effective at p < 0.01 compared to 43.4 +/- 10.5% for ferric orthophosphate.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
10820087 Shaw NS, Liu YH: Bioavailability of iron from purple laver (Porphyra spp.) estimated in a rat hemoglobin regeneration bioassay. J Agric Food Chem. 2000 May;48(5):1734-7.

Reagent-grade ferrous sulfate was used as the reference standard, and the relative biological value (RBV) for laver was expressed as a percentage of the response to ferrous sulfate.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
12362799 Dutra-de-Oliveira JE, de Almeida CA: Domestic drinking water--an effective way to prevent anemia among low socioeconomic families in Brazil. Food Nutr Bull. 2002 Sep;23(3 Suppl):213-6.


Blood samples were collected, before and after the four months, for hemoglobin and serum ferritin measurements.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
18553031 Shibukawa AF, Silva EM, Ichiki WA, Strufaldi MW, Puccini RF: Prophylaxis for iron deficiency anemia using ferrous sulfate among infants followed up at a primary healthcare unit in the municipality of Embu-SP (2003/2004). Sao Paulo Med J. 2008 Mar 6;126(2):96-101.

Hemoglobin was measured in capillary blood, using HemoCue apparatus.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
3435215 Stekel A, Olivares M, Pizarro F, Chadud P, Cayazzo M, Lopez I, Amar M: [Prevention of iron deficiency in infants by fortified milk. Arch Latinoam Nutr. 1986 Dec;36(4):654-61.


Groups had a comparable hemoglobin concentration at the age of three months.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
3920380 Caballero B, Solomons NW, Batres R, Torun B: Homeostatic mechanisms in the utilization of exogenous iron in children recovering from severe malnutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1985 Feb;4(1):97-102.

Both groups had similar degrees of malnutrition and of anemia, as defined by hemoglobin concentration.
All children received an adequate therapeutic diet and 60 mg iron daily as ferrous sulfate.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
11882404 Lysionek AE, Zubillaga MB, Salgueiro MJ, Pineiro A, Caro RA, Weill R, Boccio JR: Bioavailability of microencapsulated ferrous sulfate in powdered milk produced from fortified fluid milk: a prophylactic study in rats. Nutrition. 2002 Mar;18(3):279-81.

The iron bioavailability of the different sources was calculated as the relation between the mass of iron incorporated into hemoglobin during the treatment and the total iron intake per animal.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16512446 Dvoretskii LI, Zaspa EA, Litvitskii PF, Bolevich SB, Men'shova NI: [Free radical processes in patients with iron deficiency anemia treated with iron medication]. Ter Arkh. 2006;78(1):52-7.


RESULTS: The studied ISD normalized hemoglobin 3-4 weeks after the treatment onset.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7211733 Martinez-Torres C, Romano E, Layrisse M: Effect of cysteine on iron absorption in man. Am J Clin Nutr. 1981 Mar;34(3):322-7.


A slight but significant enhancement of heme iron absorption was observed when a large dose of cysteine was administered during the ingestion of hemoglobin.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2628746 Bergmann R, Bergler H, Moshoudis E, Bergmann E, Lachmann E, Bergmann KE: [Preventing iron deficiency in breast-fed infants by suitable supplementary food. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd. 1989 Dec;137(12):775-9.


At 6 months of age values of hemoglobin, MCV, serum iron, ferritin, and transferrin saturation were higher in the meat dinner group compared to the cereal first group.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16332661 Zimmermann MB, Winichagoon P, Gowachirapant S, Hess SY, Harrington M, Chavasit V, Lynch SR, Hurrell RF: Comparison of the efficacy of wheat-based snacks fortified with ferrous sulfate, electrolytic iron, or hydrogen-reduced elemental iron: randomized, double-blind, controlled trial in Thai women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Dec;82(6):1276-82.

At baseline, 20 wk, and 35 wk, hemoglobin status and iron were measured and the groups were compared.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19639462 Nappi C, Tommaselli GA, Morra I, Massaro M, Formisano C, Di Carlo C: Efficacy and tolerability of oral bovine lactoferrin compared to ferrous sulfate in pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia: a prospective controlled randomized study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2009;88(9):1031-5.

METHODS: After 30 days, we evaluated hemoglobin (Hb), serum ferritin, serum iron and total iron- binding capacity (TIBC) values.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16282614 Rincker MJ, Hill GM, Link JE, Meyer AM, Rowntree JE: Effects of dietary zinc and iron supplementation on mineral excretion, body composition, and mineral status of nursery pigs. J Anim Sci. 2005 Dec;83(12):2762-74.

In Exp. 2, diets for each phase (Phase 1 = d 0 to 7; Phase 2 = d 7 to 21; Phase 3 = d 21 to 35) were the basal diet supplemented with 0, 25, 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg Fe (as-fed basis) as ferrous sulfate.
Blood samples were obtained from pigs on d 0, 7, and 14 in Exp. 1 and d 0, 7, 21, and 35 in Exp. 2 to determine hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), and plasma Cu, (PCu), Fe (PFe), and Zn (PZn).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17851233 Boesch-Saadatmandi C, Most E, Weigand E: Influence of dietary fat and zinc supplementation on the iron utilization in growing rats. Ann Nutr Metab. 2007;51(5):395-401. Epub 2007 Sep 12.


Iron was added as ferrous sulfate at 60 microg/g of diet.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
2912000 Yadrick MK, Kenney MA, Winterfeldt EA: Iron, copper, and zinc status: response to supplementation with zinc or zinc and iron in adult females. Am J Clin Nutr. 1989 Jan;49(1):145-50.


Group Z received 50 mg Zn/d as Zn gluconate; group F-Z received 50 mg Fe as ferrous sulfate monohydrate in addition to the Zn.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
12182902 Regan RF, Kumar N, Gao F, Guo Y: Ferritin induction protects cortical astrocytes from heme-mediated oxidative injury. Neuroscience. 2002;113(4):985-94.

Incubation with low micromolar concentrations of hemin, hemoglobin, or ferrous sulfate increased ferritin expression, as detected on immunoblots stained with a polyclonal antibody that was raised against horse spleen ferritin.
14(0,0,2,4) Details
12840181 Pizarro F, Olivares M, Hertrampf E, Mazariegos DI, Arredondo M: Heme-iron absorption is saturable by heme-iron dose in women. J Nutr. 2003 Jul;133(7):2214-7.

Through the use of iron isotopes ((59) Fe and (55) Fe), the studies were performed to characterize the dose-response curve of non-heme-iron absorption (ferrous sulfate), and to establish the dose-response curve of heme-iron absorption (hemoglobin).
14(0,0,2,4) Details
17691593 Toblli JE, Brignoli R: Iron (III)-hydroxide polymaltose complex in iron deficiency anemia / review and meta-analysis. Arzneimittelforschung. 2007;57(6A):431-8.

In adults (319 IPC, 238 ferrous sulfate) at the end of the study period (8-13 weeks) the mean hemoglobin values were 12.13 +/- 1.19 g/dl with IPC vs. 11.94 +/- 1.84 g/dl with ferrous sulfate (weighted mean difference WMD = 0.01 [95% CI -0.23, 0.21] g/dl).
13(0,0,2,3) Details
19408339 Gisbert JP, Bermejo F, Pajares R, Perez-Calle JL, Rodriguez M, Algaba A, Mancenido N, de la Morena F, Carneros JA, McNicholl AG, Gonzalez-Lama Y, Mate J: Oral and intravenous iron treatment in inflammatory bowel disease: hematological response and quality of life improvement. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2009 Oct;15(10):1485-91.

Patients having hemoglobin > 10 g/dL were prescribed oral ferrous sulfate.
12(0,0,1,7) Details
7112553 Tanno Y, Arai S, Takishima T: Iron-containing proteins augment responses of human lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin and pokeweek mitogen in serum-free medium. Tohoku J Exp Med. 1982 Jul;137(3):335-43.

Hemoglobin, transferrin and ferritin enhanced the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA after PHA-stimulation of lymphocytes, while hemin, iron metal powder, ferrous sulfate, chromium powder, and zinc sulfate have little effect.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
9239287 Torres MA, Sato K, Juliano Y, Queiroz Sde S: [Powdered milk enriched with iron and ascorbic acid as an intervention measure for treating iron deficiency anemia in children seen at a Basic Health Care Unit]. Arch Latinoam Nutr. 1996 Jun;46(2):113-7.

This study was undertaken to verify the influence of the use of iron and Vitamin C fortified powdered whole milk on the hemoglobin levels of 238 children, aged 6 to 18 months, seen at a Basic Health Care Unit in the State of Sao Paulo.
The powdered milk was fortified with 9 mg of iron (ferrous sulfate) and 65 mg of Vitamin C for each 100 g of powder. 4 kg/month were distributed to children under one year and 2 kg/month to those over one year of age.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19073791 Ziegler EE, Nelson SE, Jeter JM: Iron supplementation of breastfed infants from an early age. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Feb;89(2):525-32. Epub 2008 Dec 10.

Blood concentrations of ferritin, transferrin receptor, hemoglobin, and red cell indexes were determined at bimonthly intervals.
Iron (7 mg/d as multivitamin preparation with ferrous sulfate) or placebo (multivitamin preparation without iron) was given from 1 to 5.5 mo of age.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
1432267 Kim M, Atallah MT: Structure of dietary pectin, iron bioavailability and hemoglobin repletion in anemic rats. J Nutr. 1992 Nov;122(11):2298-305.

The anemic rats were then fed a ferrous sulfate-supplemented basal diet (47 mg Fe/kg diet) or the basal diet containing one of the pectins (80 g/kg diet) for 10 d.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
16215918 Tam KF, Lee CP, Pun TC: Mild postnatal anemia: is it a problem? . Am J Perinatol. 2005 Oct;22(7):345-9.


One hundred fifty women who had postnatal hemoglobin levels between 80 and 99 g/L were randomly assigned into two groups with iron tablets or placebo provided from the time of diagnosis until reassessment at 6 weeks.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
15333727 Sungthong R, Mo-suwan L, Chongsuvivatwong V, Geater AF: Once-weekly and 5-days a week iron supplementation differentially affect cognitive function but not school performance in Thai children. J Nutr. 2004 Sep;134(9):2349-54.

Many studies have reported comparable hemoglobin response in subjects given intermittent and daily iron supplements.
Ferrous sulfate (300 mg) or placebo tablets were given under direct observation by the researcher for 16 wk.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
20016013 Zimmermann MB, Harrington M, Villalpando S, Hurrell RF: Nonheme-iron absorption in first-degree relatives is highly correlated: a stable-isotope study in mother-child pairs. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Mar;91(3):802-7. Epub 2009 Dec 16.

In regression analyses that included age, sex, and hemoglobin, the only significant predictor of corrected fractional iron absorption in children was corrected fractional iron absorption in their mothers (standardized beta = 0.884, P < 0.001).
DESIGN: We provided 72 test meals based on degermed maize flour and milk powder and fortified with [(57) Fe] ferrous fumarate or [(58) Fe] ferrous sulfate to healthy Mexican preschool children [n = 18; mean (+/-SD) age: 3.6 +/- 1.0 y] and their mothers [n = 18; mean (+/-SD) age: 28.0 +/- 5.2 y].
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17199068 Gupta P, Ray M, Dua T, Radhakrishnan G, Kumar R, Sachdev HP: Multimicronutrient supplementation for undernourished pregnant women and the birth size of their offspring: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007 Jan;161(1):58-64.

PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred pregnant women (of 13 465 approached) with a body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) of less than 18.5 and/or a hemoglobin level of 7 to 9 g/dL were enrolled at 24 to 32 weeks of gestation.
All subjects also received supplements of iron (given in the form of ferrous sulfate, containing 60 mg of elemental iron), 60 mg/d, and folic acid, 500 mug/d.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18624427 Tareke E, Lyn-Cook B, Robinson B, Ali SF: Acrylamide: a dietary carcinogen formed in vivo? . J Agric Food Chem. 2008 Aug 13;56(15):6020-3. Epub 2008 Jul 15.


Acrylamide, a chemical formed during heating of human foods, reacts with N-terminal valine in hemoglobin (Hb) and forms stable reaction products (adducts).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8843992 Pallares I, Lopez-Aliaga I, Lisbona F, Moratalla A, Gomez-Ayala AE, Barrionuevo M, Hartiti S, Alferez MJ, Campos MS: Effects of iron replenishment on iron, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium metabolism in iron-deficient rats. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1996;66(2):158-65.

The second purpose of the study was to evaluate the ability of three iron compounds (ferric citrate, ferrous sulfate and ferrous ascorbate) to correct the undesirable effects of Fe deficiency.
The concentrations of hemoglobin approached normal values in all groups; however, serum Fe remained low, indicating that Fe reserves were still depleted.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20124051 Parker MJ: Iron supplementation for anemia after hip fracture surgery: a randomized trial of 300 patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010 Feb;92(2):265-9.

METHODS: Three hundred patients with a hemoglobin level of <110 g/L after treatment for a hip fracture were randomized to receive either a twenty-eight-day course of ferrous sulfate therapy or no iron therapy.
Hemoglobin levels were measured at six weeks after surgery.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8789625 Dutra-de-Oliveira JE, Freitas ML, Ferreira JF, Goncalves AL, Marchini JS: Iron from complex salts and its bioavailability to rats. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1995;65(4):272-5.

Weight gain, hemoglobin, hematocrit, transferrin saturation, iron hemoglobin, biodisponibility and relative iron biological values were calculated.
Their iron biodisponibility was compared to that of ferrous sulfate.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19125674 Fagan RP, Dunaway CE, Bruden DL, Parkinson AJ, Gessner BD: Controlled, household-randomized, open-label trial of the effect of treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection on iron deficiency among children in rural Alaska: results at 40 months. J Infect Dis. 2009 Mar 1;199(5):652-60.


METHODS: We enrolled 219 children 7-11 years old who had H. pylori infection (as diagnosed by (13) C-labeled urea breath test) and iron deficiency (serum ferritin level, <22.47 pmol/L) in a controlled, household-randomized trial of the effect of treatment of H. pylori on iron deficiency and anemia (hemoglobin level, <115 g/L).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15542465 Rincker MJ, Hill GM, Link JE, Rowntree JE: Effects of dietary iron supplementation on growth performance, hematological status, and whole-body mineral concentrations of nursery pigs. J Anim Sci. 2004 Nov;82(11):3189-97.

Basal diets for each phase (Phase 1: d 0 to 7; Phase 2: d 7 to 21; Phase 3: d 21 to 35) were formulated to contain minimal Fe concentration and then supplemented with 0, 25, 50, 100, and 150 mg Fe/kg of diet (as-fed basis) from ferrous sulfate.
Three pigs per pen (n = 135) were chosen and bled throughout (d 0, 7, 21, and 35) to determine hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), transferrin (Tf), and plasma Fe (PFe).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7246842 Palgi A, Levi S, Reshef A: Anemia of pregnancy: evaluation of the effectiveness of routine dietary supplementation program in an Israeli community. Am J Public Health. 1981 Jul;71(7):736-9.


Of 514 Israeli women 4-5 months pregnant, 200 who were non-anemic (Hb 11 gm/100 ml or higher) took a daily supplement of ferrous sulfate (100 mg elemental iron).
0(0,0,0,0) Details
605646 Schwab J, Goltner E: [Iron therapy and hemoglobin regeneration in pregnancy anemias and postpartum anemias (author's transl)]. Z Geburtshilfe Perinatol. 1977 Oct;181(5):363-7.

Postpartum anemias of medium severity require for elevating the hemoglobin values to 12.0 g% at iron absorption rate of 22%, a treatment period of 35 days with a total amount of 3.8 g ferrous sulfate.
11(0,0,1,6) Details
7751979 Oda T, Kado-oka Y, Hashiba H: Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus on iron bioavailability in rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol. 1994 Dec;40(6):613-6.

For hemoglobin regeneration, they were fed one of two ferrous sulfate-supplemented diets that contained the following iron levels (mg/kg): 13.7 for two groups; 21.7 for the other two groups.
10(0,0,1,5) Details
18688547 Silva DG, Franceschini Sdo C, Sigulem DM: Growth in non-anemic infants supplemented with different prophylactic iron doses. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2008 Jul-Aug;84(4):365-72.

Infants aged 5.0 to 6.9 months who met the inclusion criteria and showed capillary hemoglobin > or= 11 g/dL were randomly allocated into three groups who received the following prophylactic doses of iron supplement (ferrous sulfate): 1 mg/kg/day (n = 39); 2 mg/kg/day (n = 36); and 25 mg/week (n = 39).
6(0,0,1,1) Details
11791474 Gonzalez H, Mendoza C, Viteri FE: Absorption of unlabeled reduced iron of small particle size from a commercial source. Arch Latinoam Nutr. 2001 Sep;51(3):217-24.

For each subject, the hemoglobin incorporation method was used to measure the true absorption of 60 mg of iron from either ferrous sulfate or ferric ammonium citrate.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
8732898 Castaldo A, Tarallo L, Palomba E, Albano F, Russo S, Zuin G, Buffardi F, Guarino A: Iron deficiency and intestinal malabsorption in HIV disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1996 May;22(4):359-63.

Low hemoglobin levels were detected in 66% of patients.
Iron serum values were determined before and after oral load with ferrous sulfate.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
6726596 Wallenburg HC, van Eijk HG: Effect of oral iron supplementation during pregnancy on maternal and fetal iron status. J Perinat Med. 1984;12(1):7-12.


Maternal concentrations of hemoglobin, serum iron, serum transferrin and serum ferritin were determined at 16, 28 and 36 weeks of amenorrhea, at delivery, and 6 and 12 weeks post partum.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
1748105 Lukaski HC, Hall CB, Siders WA: Altered metabolic response of iron-deficient women during graded, maximal exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1991;63(2):140-5.

Metabolic responses during a standardized, progressive, maximal work capacity test on a cycle ergometer were studied in 11 women, mean age 28 (SEM 2) years, at admission to the study, after their body iron stores were depleted by diet, phlebotomy and menstruation for about 80 days and after iron repletion by diet for about 100 days, including daily iron supplementation (0.9 mmol iron as ferrous sulfate) for the last 14 days of repletion.
Iron depletion was characterized by a decline (P less than 0.05) in hemoglobin, ferritin and body iron balance.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
10633202 Lopes MC, Ferreira LO, Batista Filho M: [Use of daily and weekly ferrous sulfate to treat anemic childbearing-age women]. Cad Saude Publica. 1999 Oct-Dec;15(4):799-808.

Blood samples were taken from 484 women to determine hemoglobin levels before and after the trial and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) at end of treatment.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
15349137 Malhotra S, Garg SK, Khullar GK, Malhotra AS, Kondal A, Rana H, Sidhu S: Kinetics of two different iron formulations and their effect on diurnal variation of serum iron levels. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2004 Jul-Aug;26(6):417-20.

Further studies having hemoglobin levels as an endpoint may be planned.
We compared the absorption kinetics of IPC with ferrous sulfate.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8829238 Bartov I, Kanner J: Effect of high levels of dietary iron, iron injection, and dietary vitamin E on the oxidative stability of turkey meat during storage. Poult Sci. 1996 Aug;75(8):1039-46.

Blood hemoglobin concentrations were significantly increased by the supplementation of the diet with the high levels of Fe, in one experiment only.
Iron was added to a commercial diet that already contained 20 mg/kg supplemental Fe, at concentrations of 0, 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg as ferrous sulfate or injected as Fe-dextran to the left drumstick muscle (total amount of 1.2 g per turkey).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18759068 Lee SH, Shinde P, Choi J, Park M, Ohh S, Kwon IK, Pak SI, Chae BJ: Effects of dietary iron levels on growth performance, hematological status, liver mineral concentration, fecal microflora, and diarrhea incidence in weanling pigs. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2008 Dec;126 Suppl 1:S57-68. Epub 2008 Aug 31.

Supplemental Fe linearly (p < 0.05) improved the total red blood cells, hemoglobin, plasma, and liver (p = 0.109) Fe status of pigs and also increased (linear and quadratic, p < 0.001) the fecal excretion of Fe on days 14 and 28.
The basal diets for each phase (phase 1: days 0 to 14; phase 2: days 15 to 28) were formulated to contain minimal Fe and then supplemented with gradient levels of Fe (0, 50, 100, and 250 mg/kg) from ferrous sulfate.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19203773 Seck BC, Jackson RT: Providing iron/folic acid tablets free of charge improves compliance in pregnant women in Senegal. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2009 May;103(5):485-92. Epub 2009 Feb 8.


Hemoglobin, erythrocyte protoporphyrin and serum ferritin were measured at baseline and follow-up.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15570029 Wegmuller R, Zimmermann MB, Moretti D, Arnold M, Langhans W, Hurrell RF: Particle size reduction and encapsulation affect the bioavailability of ferric pyrophosphate in rats. J Nutr. 2004 Dec;134(12):3301-4.

The hemoglobin (Hb) repletion method in weanling Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 100) was used to compare the relative bioavailability (RBV) of 4 forms of FePP: 1) regular FePP [mean particle size (MPS) approximately 21 microm]; 2) MPS approximately 2.5 microm; 3) MPS approximately 2.5 microm encapsulated in hydrogenated palm oil; and 4) MPS approximately 0.5 microm with emulsifiers.
The RBV compared with ferrous sulfate was calculated by the slope-ratio technique.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8967587 Soukup J, Menzel M, Roth S, Radke J: [The perioperative use of recombinant erythropoietin (rhEPO) in Jehovah's witnesses]. Anaesthesist. 1996 Aug;45(8):745-9.

A pretreatment hemoglobin level (Hb) of 13.7 g/dl and HCt of 43% were documented.
After preoperative subcutaneous application of 5000 I.E. rhEPO three times per week and daily oral substitution of 300 mg ferrous sulfate over a period of 3 weeks, the Hb increased to 15.5 g/dl and the HCt to 49%.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1481586 Fischer H, Meller K: [Results of therapy of anemia in pregnancy] . Zentralbl Gynakol. 1992;114(11):547-50.


The mean value of hemoglobin lied at 7.1 +/- 0.59 mmol/l.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7955788 Siegel RM, LaGrone DH: The use of zinc protoporphyrin in screening young children for iron deficiency. Clin Pediatr. 1994 Aug;33(8):473-9.

The common practice of screening children for iron deficiency with hematocrit (HCT) or hemoglobin detects only those children with iron deficiency severe enough to cause anemia.
All children with HCT < 33% or iron deficiency (ZPP > or = 50 mumoles per mole-heme) were treated with ferrous sulfate at 3 mg-Fe/kg/day for 3 months.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
637033 Sacks PV, Houchin DN: Comparative bioavailability of elemental iron powders for repair of iron deficiency anemia in rats. Am J Clin Nutr. 1978 Apr;31(4):566-71.

The rate of hemoglobin repletion in iron-deficient rats was used to measure the bioavailability of several elemental iron powders added to an iron-free nutritionally balanced chow.
We used ferrous sulfate as a standard, highly bioavailable control.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1174047 Heinrich HC: Bioavailability of trivalent iron in oral iron preparations. Arzneimittelforschung. 1975 Mar;25(3):420-6.

Whereas 100 mg of ferrous sulfate iron/day are sufficient for an optimal oral compensation iron therapy and to produce initial hemoglobin regeneration rates of about 0.26 g/100 ml/day, 400 to 1000 mg of ferric iron/day are necessary for the same therapeutic effect because of the poor bioavailability of ferric iron.
9(0,0,1,4) Details
835509 Gershoff SN, Brusis OA, Nino HV, Huber AM: Studies of the elderly in Boston. Am J Clin Nutr. 1977 Feb;30(2):226-34.

Three months of daily ferrous sulfate administration to those whose hemoglobin levels remained below 13 g/dl was without effect.
8(0,0,1,3) Details
9316119 Biehl RR, Emmert JL, Baker DH: Iron bioavailability in soybean meal as affected by supplemental phytase and 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol. Poult Sci. 1997 Oct;76(10):1424-7.

Weight gain, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were markedly improved when increasing levels (0, 10, 20, and 80 mg/kg) of Fe from analytical grade ferrous sulfate (FeSO4.7H2O) were added to the Fe-deficient casein-dextrose basal diet containing 20 mg Fe/kg.
8(0,0,1,3) Details
6681627 Miller J, McNeal LS: Bioavailability of egg yolk iron measured by hemoglobin regeneration in anemic rats. J Nutr. 1983 Jan;113(1):115-23.

Biological availability of egg yolk iron and effect of egg yolk on absorption of iron from the reference salt, ferrous sulfate, were evaluated in hemoglobin repletion assays with anemic rats.
8(0,0,1,3) Details
11795240 Nogueira NN, Marreiro DN, Parente JV, Cozzolino SM: [Utilization of different iron concentrations on pregnant adolescents also supplemented with zinc and folate]. Arch Latinoam Nutr. 2001 Sep;51(3):225-9.

The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different concentrations of iron supplementation (80 and 120 mg of ferrous sulfate) together with folate (250 micrograms) and zinc (5 mg) on the hemoglobin concentration and iron stores (plasma ferritin) of pregnant adolescents.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
19527383 Adhikari K, Liabsuetrakul T, Pradhan N: Effect of education and pill count on hemoglobin status during prenatal care in Nepalese women: a randomized controlled trial. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2009 Jun;35(3):459-66.

6(0,0,0,6) Details
2596434 Freire WB: Hemoglobin as a predictor of response to iron therapy and its use in screening and prevalence estimates. Am J Clin Nutr. 1989 Dec;50(6):1442-9.

Women in the treatment group received 390 mg ferrous sulfate/d for 2 mo.
5(0,0,0,5) Details
9566993 Borigato EV, Martinez FE: Iron nutritional status is improved in Brazilian preterm infants fed food cooked in iron pots. J Nutr. 1998 May;128(5):855-9.


Differences included hemoglobin (116 +/- 16 vs. 103 +/- 20 g/L, P = 0.02), hematocrit (0.35 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.31 +/- 0.05, P = 0.005), mean corpuscular volume (72.1 +/- 10.4 vs. 62.7 +/- 11.1 fL, P = 0.005), free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (0.78 +/- 0.60 vs. 1.46 +/- 0.94 mol/L, P = 0.006) and serum ferritin (median 5 vs. 0 g/L, P = 0.001).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
18720044 Westad S, Backe B, Salvesen KA, Nakling J, Okland I, Borthen I, Rognerud Jensen OH, Kolas T, Lokvik B, Smedvig E: A 12-week randomised study comparing intravenous iron sucrose versus oral ferrous sulphate for treatment of postpartum anemia. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2008;87(9):916-23.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Hemoglobin, ferritin and quality of life assessed with the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) and the Fatigue Scale.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
17206511 Horl WH: Iron therapy for renal anemia: how much needed, how much harmful? . Pediatr Nephrol. 2007 Apr;22(4):480-9. Epub 2007 Jan 6.


Iron status can be monitored by different parameters such as ferritin, transferrin saturation, percentage of hypochromic red blood cells, and/or the reticulocyte hemoglobin content, but an increased erythropoietic response to iron supplementation is the most widely accepted reference standard of iron-deficient erythropoiesis.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
12776894 Siddiqui IA, Jaleel A, Rahman MA: Preventive strategy to control iron deficiency anemia in children and adults. J Pak Med Assoc. 2003 Apr;53(4):131-3.

OBJECTIVE: To compare improvement in hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and ferritin levels in children aged 5-10 years and women of reproductive age (15-45) supplemented with daily oral and once weekly with single and double dose of ferrous sulphate.
METHOD: Twenty children received 200 mg ferrous sulfate daily and 20 received the same dose once weekly for two months.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3367745 Risser WL, Lee EJ, Poindexter HB, West MS, Pivarnik JM, Risser JM, Hickson JF: Iron deficiency in female athletes: its prevalence and impact on performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1988 Apr;20(2):116-21.


All subjects had determinations of hemoglobin, ferritin, and transferrin saturation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
138664 Batu AT, Toe T, Pe H, Nyunt KK: A prophylactic trial of iron and folic acid supplements in pregnant Burmese women. Isr J Med Sci. 1976 Dec;12(12):1410-7.

Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, serum iron level, iron binding capacity and blood folate (Lactobacillus casei) activity were determined in 310 unselected pregnant Burmese women.
Ninety-six of the women in our study were randomly divided into four groups, treated from the 22nd to the 25th week of pregnancy until full term with either ferrous sulfate containing 60 mg elemental iron twice daily, 5 mg folic acid twice daily, a combination of both, or a placebo only.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8052789 Morais MB, Ferrari AA, Fisberg M: Effect of oral iron therapy on physical growth. Rev Paul Med. 1993 Nov-Dec;111(6):439-44.

In order to evaluate the effects of iron therapy on weight and height, we studied 65 children with a mean age of 32 months who were assigned to oral iron therapy with 4-5 mg/kg/day of elemental iron as ferrous sulfate or ferric hydroxide polymaltose for 8 weeks.
Statistically significant increases in hemoglobin, serum iron and transferrin levels and in transferrin saturation and ferritin levels were observed.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9108851 Daoud AS, Batieha A, al-Sheyyab M, Abuekteish F, Hijazi S: Effectiveness of iron therapy on breath-holding spells. J Pediatr. 1997 Apr;130(4):547-50.


Baseline mean levels of hemoglobin and total iron binding capacity were predictive of a favorable response to iron treatment.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19274317 Coutinho GG, Goloni-Bertollo EM, Pavarino-Bertelli EC: Effectiveness of two programs of intermittent ferrous supplementation for treating iron-deficiency anemia in infants: randomized clinical trial. Sao Paulo Med J. 2008 Nov;126(6):314-8.

The average increases in hemoglobin concentration levels were 0.75 g/dl and 0.65 g/dl, respectively for home interventions and healthcare clinic administration (P < 0.00005).
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Low compliance among mothers regarding the treatment of anemic children using daily doses of ferrous sulfate administered at home has been reported.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3215454 Ring D, Retzke U, Fiedler H, Bruschke G: [Preventive use of iron in pregnancy--a luxury or a necessity?] . Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 1988 Aug;48(8):590-4.


Following iron prophylaxis, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and erythrocyte count were significantly higher at the time of birth; however, obstetrically significant parameters were unaffected.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10682464 Wu Y, Weng L, Wu L: [Clinical experience with iron supplementation in pregnancy] . Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi. 1998 Apr;33(4):206-8.

Hemoglobin levels were examined every 4 weeks during the observational period.
They were randomly divided as materna (n = 93) 1 tablet/d, ferrous sulfate 0.3 g tid/d (n = 50) or Ferroids 1 tablet/d (n = 35) groups.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16478282 Proulx AK, Reddy MB: Iron bioavailability of hemoglobin from soy root nodules using a Caco-2 cell culture model. J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Feb 22;54(4):1518-22.

We assessed bioavailability of iron from LHb (either partially purified (LHbA) or purified (LHbD)) with and without food matrix and compared it with that from bovine hemoglobin (BHb), ferrous sulfate (FeSO4), or SRN.
8(0,0,1,3) Details
8892168 De Morais MB, Suzuki HU, Corral JN, Machado NL, Neto UF: Asymptomatic giardiasis does not affect iron absorption in children with iron deficiency anemia. J Am Coll Nutr. 1996 Oct;15(5):434-8.

Hemoglobin response to oral iron therapy was determined by the increment of hemoglobin on day 30 of therapy with ferrous sulfate (5 mg/kg/day of elemental iron).
8(0,0,1,3) Details
16544716 Sigridov I, Ivanov S: [Ferro-folgamma--a good alternative in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia and depleted iron stores in pregnant women]. Akush Ginekol. 2005;44(7):22-7.


MATERIALS AND METHODS: 22 pregnant patients between 20 and 35 week of gestation (mean 29 gestational week) with hemoglobin levels between 83.1-106 g/l were included.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
11451725 Ahmed F, Khan MR, Jackson AA: Concomitant supplemental vitamin A enhances the response to weekly supplemental iron and folic acid in anemic teenagers in urban Bangladesh. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Jul;74(1):108-15.

DESIGN: Participants with a hemoglobin concentration of 80-120 g/L were entered into a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and received supplements of placebo, vitamin A, iron + folic acid, or iron + folic acid + vitamin A weekly for 12 wk.
The supplements contained 2.42 mg vitamin A (retinol) as retinyl palmitate, 120 mg elemental Fe as ferrous sulfate, and 3.5 mg folic acid.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
8708108 Kume S, Tanabe S: Effect of supplemental lactoferrin with ferrous iron on iron status of newborn calves. J Dairy Sci. 1996 Mar;79(3):459-64.


Blood hematocrit and hemoglobin of male calves at d 1 of age were lower than those of female calves.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
17698317 Sundaram RC, Selvaraj N, Vijayan G, Bobby Z, Hamide A, Rattina Dasse N: Increased plasma malondialdehyde and fructosamine in iron deficiency anemia: effect of treatment. Biomed Pharmacother. 2007 Dec;61(10):682-5. Epub 2007 Jul 23.


However, increased glycated hemoglobin levels have been documented in iron deficiency anemic patients without any history of diabetes.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
9297428 Javier Manchon G, Natal Pujol A, Coroleu Lletget W, Zuasnabar Cotro A, Badia Barnusell J, Junca Piera J, Bel Comos J, Sabado Alvarez C, Prats Vinas J: [Randomized multi-center trial of the administration of erythropoietin in anemia of prematurity]. An Esp Pediatr. 1997 Jun;46(6):587-92.

At 28 days after birth, 28 infants (48.3%) had hemoglobin levels under 10.5 g/dL and were randomized to receive rH-EPO or standard care.
Those infants ascribed to the treatment group received 200 U/kg of body weight of rH-EPO subcutaneously once a day, three days a week for 4 weeks together with oral supplements of ferrous sulfate at a dosage of 4 mg/kg/day.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
18979587 Shamah-Levy T, Villalpando S, Rivera-Dommarco JA, Mundo-Rosas V, Cuevas-Nasu L, Jimenez-Aguilar A: Ferrous gluconate and ferrous sulfate added to a complementary food distributed by the Mexican nutrition program Oportunidades have a comparable efficacy to reduce iron deficiency in toddlers. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2008 Nov;47(5):660-6.

In final blood samples, the concentrations of hemoglobin, serum ferritin, and soluble transferrin receptors (sTfR) were determined.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
17426393 Hershko C, Ianculovich M, Souroujon M: Decreased treatment failure rates following duodenal release ferrous glycine sulfate in iron deficiency anemia associated with autoimmune gastritis and Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Acta Haematol. 2007;118(1):19-26. Epub 2007 Apr 10.


RESULTS: After 1 and 3 months of treatment, mean hemoglobin in group A increased from 9.5 +/- 1.2 to 11.2 +/- 1.3 and 12.8 +/- 1.3 g/dl, respectively.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
11817683 Lysionek A, Zubillaga M, Salgueiro J, Caro R, Ettlin E, Boccio J: Bioavailability studies of a new iron source by means of the prophylactic-preventive method in rats. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2001 Winter;84(1-3):123-8.

NaFeEDTA was also studied by the same methodology for comparative purposes and ferrous sulfate was used as the reference standard.
Individual hemoglobin concentrations (HbC) and weights were determined at the beginning and at the end of the study and food intake was daily registered.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
12042158 Belmonte Torras JA, Tusell Puigbert J, Piera Carreras A, Soler Palacin P, Aulesa Martinez C, Iglesias Berengue J: [Iron supplementation in a child with severe burns] . An Esp Pediatr. 2002 Jun;56(6):579-81.

On day 15 hemoglobin value was 9.3 g/dL, the reticulocyte hemoglobin content was reduced to 26.2 pg (normal value: 27.2-30.3 pg) and the reticulocyte mean corpuscular value was increased to 124 fl (normal value: 101-108 fl).
We highlight the satisfactory outcome of the different hematologic values, with the development of reticulocyte crisis and normalization of hematological parameters after administration of 0.5 mg/kg/day of ferrous sulfate, plus iron corresponding to the follow-up milk formula and a regular diet for the child's age.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9537613 Fox TE, Eagles J, Fairweather-Tait SJ: Bioavailability of iron glycine as a fortificant in infant foods. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998 Apr;67(4):664-8.

The bioavailability of iron glycine added to a vegetable infant weaning food was compared with ferrous sulfate.
Bioavailability, expressed as a percentage of the dose consumed, was measured from isotopic enrichment of hemoglobin 14 d after the last test meal.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8723587 Gombotz H: Subcutaneous epoetin alfa as an adjunct to autologous blood donation before elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Semin Hematol. 1996 Apr;33(2 Suppl 2):69-70; discussion 71-2.


During AB donation in this group of patients, minimization of the accompanying decrease in hemoglobin (Hb) levels is important to reduce the risk of provoking silent myocardial ischemia and/or arrhythmias.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2773847 Soemantri AG: Preliminary findings on iron supplementation and learning achievement of rural Indonesian children. Am J Clin Nutr. 1989 Sep;50(3 Suppl):698-701; discussion 701-2.

The children were classified into anemic and nonanemic groups according to their initial hemoglobin and transferrin saturation levels and were randomly assigned to either iron or placebo treatment for 3 mo.
The means and standard deviations suggest that supplementation with 10 mg ferrous sulfate per kilogram body weight per day for 3 mo resulted in an apparent improvement in anemic subjects' hematological status and learning-achievement scores.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
564398 Steinke FH, Hopkins DT: Biological availability to the rat of intrinsic and extrinsic iron with soybean protein isolates. J Nutr. 1978 Mar;108(3):481-9.

Ferrous sulfate was used as the standard iron source in all experiments.
The biological availability was measured by a 14-day hemoglobin repletion after a 4 week depletion period using multiple dose response and comparing the test samples and standard iron source by the slope ratio assay procedure.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16535843 Han GL, Piao JH, Huang ZW, Tian Y: [Fractional utilization of reduced iron powder in Chinese child bearing age women with dual stable isotopes]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2005 Nov;34(6):713-5.

With ferrous sulfate as control, the utilization of reduced iron was measured using dual stable isotopes.
The rates of absorbed iron incorporated into hemoglobin were 70.1% and 91.3% respectively.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10422902 Massawe SN, Urassa EN, Nystrom L, Lindmark G: Effectiveness of primary level antenatal care in decreasing anemia at term in Tanzania. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1999 Aug;78(7):573-9.


CONCLUSION: Ensuring an adequate supply of drugs seems to be the most important activity to achieve safe hemoglobin levels in pregnant women, but even an active antenatal program has a limited effect when anemia is highly prevalent and booking is late.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12049792 Horejsi R, Jung C, Moller R, Tafeit E, Reibnegger G: Generation of carbon monoxide and iron from hemeproteins in the presence of 7,8-dihydroneopterin. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2002 Jun 6;1571(2):124-30.


Effects of 7,8-dihydroneopterin were investigated on (met) myoglobin and (met) hemoglobin.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3805444 Park YW, Mahoney AW, Hendricks DG: Bioavailability of iron in goat milk compared with cow milk fed to anemic rats. J Dairy Sci. 1986 Oct;69(10):2608-15.

For animals consuming whole goat milk supplemented with ferrous sulfate, the slope relating hemoglobin iron gained versus iron intake was .95.
8(0,0,1,3) Details
16936810 Paesano R, Torcia F, Berlutti F, Pacifici E, Ebano V, Moscarini M, Valenti P: Oral administration of lactoferrin increases hemoglobin and total serum iron in pregnant women. Biochem Cell Biol. 2006 Jun;84(3):377-80.

In contrast, after 30 d of oral administration of bLf, hemoglobin and total serum iron values increased and to a greater extent than those observed in women treated orally for 30 d with ferrous sulfate, independently of the trimester of pregnancy.
8(0,0,1,3) Details
17542112 Faqih AM, Kakish SB, Izzat M: Effectiveness of intermittent iron treatment of two- to six-year-old Jordanian children with iron-deficiency anemia. Food Nutr Bull. 2006 Sep;27(3):220-7.

All of the children received medicinal iron drops at a dosage of 5 mg elemental iron as ferrous sulfate per kilogram of body weight.
About 10% of these children were screened for anemia, using complete blood count (defined as a hemoglobin level < or = 10.5 g/dL, and a mean corpuscular volume < or =75 ft).
4(0,0,0,4) Details
17963760 Ziaei S, Janghorban R, Shariatdoust S, Faghihzadeh S: The effects of iron supplementation on serum copper and zinc levels in pregnant women with high-normal hemoglobin. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2008 Feb;100(2):133-5. Epub 2007 Oct 25.

From the 20th week until the end of pregnancy the case group received one ferrous sulfate tablet containing 50 mg elemental iron daily, while the control group received placebo.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
8162366 Yepez R, Estevez E, Galan P, Chauliac M, Davila M, Calle A, Estrella R, Masse-Raimbault AM, Hercberg S: [High altitude anemia: validity of definition criteria] . Sante. 1994 Jan-Feb;4(1):9-13.


The effect of iron and folate supplementation on the hemoglobin response and iron status was studied in male and female equatorian medical students: 66 in Quito (2,800 m altitude) and 40 in Guayaquil (sea level).
4(0,0,0,4) Details
7660046 Torres MA, Sato K, Juliano Y, Queiroz SS: [Treatment with prophylactic doses of ferrous sulphate as an intervention measure in the campaign++ against iron deficiency in children cared for in basic health units]. Rev Saude Publica. 1994 Dec;28(6):410-5.


First, the children's blood was tested for hemoglobin level and electrophoresis.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
6679216 Rao KR, Patel AR, Honig GR, Vida LN, McGinnis PR: Iron deficiency and sickle cell anemia. . Arch Intern Med. 1983 May;143(5):1030-2.


The mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) was decreased (27.6 g/dL) and was associated with an extreme scarcity of sickled erythrocytes in blood smears.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
17166424 Yang QJ, Lai JQ, Meng J, Xing BL, Liu H, Yin SA, Zhao XF, Xu QM: [Effects of ferrous sulfate supplementation on bone marrow hemopoiesis in rats]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2006 Sep;40(5):332-5.

METHODS: Female weaning Wistar rats were fed with an iron deficient diet (< 10 mg/kg diet) until the level of hemoglobin of rats was lower than 100 g/L.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
3348161 Chwang LC, Soemantri AG, Pollitt E: Iron supplementation and physical growth of rural Indonesian children. Am J Clin Nutr. 1988 Mar;47(3):496-501.


The children were classified into anemic and normal groups according to their initial hemoglobin and transferrin saturation levels and were randomly assigned to either Fe or placebo treatment for 12 wk.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
14586884 Kostopanagiotou G, Smyrniotis V, Theodoraki K, Skalkidis Y, Heaton N, Potter D: Oxygen availability during orthotopic liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2003 Nov;9(11):1216-21.


The intraoperative changes in P (50) values, which represent a shift of the ODC to the left, may reflect a more accurate estimation of O (2) release to the tissues, than the hemoglobin, Pao (2) and Sao (2) alone.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1029817 Miller J: Erythropoietic response of anemic rats to enriched white bread and bread ash. Nutr Metab. 1976;20(4):278-84.

Iron-deficient rats were rehabilitated with diets supplying iron from white wheat bread, bread ash or ferrous sulfate as a standard.
The relative biological value of iron in bread or its ash was greater when evaluated from red blood cell count than when estimated from hemoglobin concentration.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7247976 Choi YC, Hough AJ, Morris GM, Sokoloff L: Experimental siderosis of articular chondrocytes cultured in vitro. Arthritis Rheum. 1981 Jun;24(6):809-23.


Both FeSO4 0.1-2.5 mM and rabbit hemoglobin (as hemolyzed serum, 14 mg/ml) caused iron storage in cell and organ culture.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19652922 Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Noori-Shadkam M, Fatehi F, Naghiaee Y: Once Weekly Low-dose Iron Supplementation Effectively Improved Iron Status in Adolescent Girls. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2009 Aug 4.

After 16 weeks of intervention, mean of hemoglobin and serum ferritin improved significantly in ISG compared to IUG.
The ISG received 150 mg ferrous sulfate once weekly for 16 weeks, whereas the IUG received nothing.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8474819 Walter T, Dallman PR, Pizarro F, Velozo L, Pena G, Bartholmey SJ, Hertrampf E, Olivares M, Letelier A, Arredondo M: Effectiveness of iron-fortified infant cereal in prevention of iron deficiency anemia. Pediatrics. 1993 May;91(5):976-82.

Mean hemoglobin level and other iron status measures were in accord with these findings.
Rice cereal was fortified with 55 mg of electrolytic iron per 100 g of dry cereal and infant formula with 12 mg of ferrous sulfate per 100 g of dry powder, levels approximating those in use in the United States.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18499399 Mimura EC, Bregano JW, Dichi JB, Gregorio EP, Dichi I: Comparison of ferrous sulfate and ferrous glycinate chelate for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in gastrectomized patients. Nutrition. 2008 Jul-Aug;24(7-8):663-8. Epub 2008 May 21.

RESULTS: Group 1 showed an apparent recovery in laboratory parameters, with increases in medium corpuscular hemoglobin (P = 0.02), serum iron (P = 0.02), and ferritin (P = 0.04), and a decrease in transferrin (P = 0.002) after 4 mo.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15966663 Hamdaoui MH, Chabchoub Ellouze S, Doghri T: [Evaluation of the iron bioavailability from meals prepared with lentil (Lens esculenta) or with white kidney bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris) in anemic rats]. Tunis Med. 2005 Apr;83(4):198-203.

The iron bioavailability from diets was measured in rat by the depletion-repletion hemoglobin method and the reserve of iron stored in the liver.
Our results showed that the iron bioavailability from meal based on cooked lentil seeds was significantly low (3.9 +/- 0.9%) as compared to the reference group fed with ferrous sulfate (20.4 +/- 4.9%) (p < 0.01) or to the group fed with cooked white kidney bean seeds (14.3 +/- 2.4%) (p < 0.01).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
6726477 Whittaker P, Mahoney AW, Hendricks DG: Effect of iron-deficiency anemia on percent blood volume in growing rats. J Nutr. 1984 Jun;114(6):1137-42.

In the subsequent repletion interval, the rats were fed diets supplemented with ferrous sulfate for periods of 0, 5, 10 or 15 days, after which hemoglobin and blood volume were determined, and the animals were killed.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
15060895 Sakaguchi N, Rao TP, Nakata K, Nanbu H, Juneja LR: Iron absorption and bioavailability in rats of micronized dispersible ferric pyrophosphate. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2004 Jan;74(1):3-9.

The bioavailability of MDFP was compared to ferric pyrophosphate, sodium ferrous citrate, and ferrous sulfate by three bioavailability tests in rats; namely the serum iron concentration curve, the hemoglobin regeneration efficiency, and Association of Official Analytical Chemists' hemoglobin repletion test.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
8558316 Fly AD, Czarnecki-Maulden GL, Fahey GC Jr, Titgemeyer EC: Hemicellulose does not affect iron bioavailability in chicks. J Nutr. 1996 Jan;126(1):308-16.

Iron bioavailability was determined by the standard curve method to be (percent relative to ferrous sulfate using hemoglobin as the response criterion) as follows: tomato pomace, 82.0; soybean hulls, 94.0; beet pulp, 26.5; orchard grass, 68.9; corn fiber, 69.4.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
18156641 Arcanjo FP, Pinto VP, Coelho MR, Amancio OM, Magalhaes SM: Anemia reduction in preschool children with the addition of low doses of iron to school meals. J Trop Pediatr. 2008 Aug;54(4):243-7. Epub 2007 Dec 21.


To evaluate fortification effectiveness with 5 or 10 mg of elemental iron/daily added to school meals by increasing hemoglobin levels in anemic children.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
11053509 Mumtaz Z, Shahab S, Butt N, Rab MA, DeMuynck A: Daily iron supplementation is more effective than twice weekly iron supplementation in pregnant women in Pakistan in a randomized double-blind clinical trial. J Nutr. 2000 Nov;130(11):2697-702.

Anemic pregnant women (n = 191) were assigned to receive daily (200 mg ferrous sulfate) or twice weekly (2 x 200 mg ferrous sulfate) iron supplementation.
Hemoglobin was measured at baseline and at 4-wk intervals for up to 12 wk.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
11807627 Choi JW, Pai SH, Kim SK, Ito M, Park CS, Cha YN: Iron deficiency anemia increases nitric oxide production in healthy adolescents. Ann Hematol. 2002 Jan;81(1):1-6. Epub 2001 Dec 13.


In particular, the NOx concentrations were 7.5-fold higher in the patients with severe iron deficiency anemia (Hb <80 g/l) than for the subjects with high hemoglobin value (Hb> or=140 g/l).
3(0,0,0,3) Details
11975375 Gopaldas T: Iron-deficiency anemia in young working women can be reduced by increasing the consumption of cereal-based fermented foods or gooseberry juice at the workplace. Food Nutr Bull. 2002 Mar;23(1):94-105.

The pre-post impact measures were dietary and nutrient intake, knowledge and practice, and hemoglobin status.
Women in unit 3 (70 women), the positive control, received 400 mg albendazole once plus ferrous sulfate tablets (60 mg elemental iron) two times a week.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
18234203 Breymann C, Gliga F, Bejenariu C, Strizhova N: Comparative efficacy and safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in the treatment of postpartum iron deficiency anemia. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2008 Apr;101(1):67-73. Epub 2008 Jan 29.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the safety and efficacy of iron carboxymaltose with ferrous sulfate to treat iron deficiency anemia in the post partum.
Changes in hemoglobin and iron stores up to week 12 were analyzed.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
3945045 Harju E, Lindberg H: The increase of body iron stores estimated by the increase of serum ferritin concentration during ferrous sulphate treatment after gastrointestinal surgery. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1986 Jan-Feb;10(1):66-9.


Also the blood hemoglobin concentration increased in the group receiving iron from 136 +/- 11 to 150 +/- 11 g/liter (p less than 0.01) and from 130 +/- 12 to 142 +/- 11 g/liter (p less than 0.01) and the serum iron from 14 +/- 6 to 18 +/- 5 mmol/liter (p less than 0.01) and from 13 +/- 6 to 17 +/- 6 mmol/liter (p less than 0.01) in males and females, respectively, whereas corresponding changes in the control group for hemoglobin were from 135 +/- 10 to 137 +/- 11 g/liter and from 129 +/- 11 to 131 +/- 10 g/liter and for serum iron from 14 +/- 6 to 14 +/- 5 mmol/liter and from 14 +/- 6 to 14 +/- 5 mmol/liter, in the males and females, respectively.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
8602626 Hartman KR, Barker JA: Microcytic anemia with iron malabsorption: an inherited disorder of iron metabolism. Am J Hematol. 1996 Apr;51(4):269-75.

These children had severe microcytosis (MCV 48 fl, hemoglobin 7.5 g/dl) with decreased serum iron, elevated serum TIBC, and decreased serum ferritin, despite prolonged treatment with oral iron.
An iron challenge study with an oral dose of 2 mg/kg elemental iron as ferrous sulfate documented iron malabsorption.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
2644802 Forbes AL, Arnaud MJ, Chichester CO, Cook JD, Harrison BN, Hurrell RF, Kahn SG, Morris ER, Tanner JT, Whittaker P, et al.: Comparison of in vitro, animal, and clinical determinations of iron bioavailability: International Nutritional Anemia Consultative Group Task Force report on iron bioavailability. Am J Clin Nutr. 1989 Feb;49(2):225-38.

Relative bioavailability of two iron fortificants, electrolytic Fe and ferric orthophosphate, was related to that of the reference ferrous sulfate with in vitro and rat model depletion-repletion methods in four laboratories to compare values directly with those obtained in a parallel human study.
Two depletion-repletion techniques, hemoglobin-regeneration efficiency (HRE) and an official method of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), were examined.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12097660 Donangelo CM, Woodhouse LR, King SM, Viteri FE, King JC: Supplemental zinc lowers measures of iron status in young women with low iron reserves. J Nutr. 2002 Jul;132(7):1860-4.

In the iron-supplemented group, blood hemoglobin, plasma ferritin and the percentage of transferrin saturation increased (P < 0.01).
The effect of zinc supplementation (22 mg Zn/d as zinc gluconate) or of iron supplementation (100 mg Fe/d as ferrous sulfate) for 6 wk on iron and zinc metabolism and absorption was evaluated in young women with low iron reserves.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12499347 de Silva A, Atukorala S, Weerasinghe I, Ahluwalia N: Iron supplementation improves iron status and reduces morbidity in children with or without upper respiratory tract infections: a randomized controlled study in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Jan;77(1):234-41.

Iron supplementation significantly improved iron status by increasing hemoglobin (P < 0.001) and serum ferritin (P < 0.001) concentrations from baseline values in the children with or without infection.
Subjects in both groups were supplemented with ferrous sulfate (60 mg Fe) or placebo once daily for 8 wk.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9201139 Rapetti MC, Donato H, de Galvagni A, Lubovitsky M, Lanzilotta M, Trepacka E, Burlando G, Weill R: Correction of iron deficiency with an iron-fortified fluid whole cow's milk in children: results of a pilot study. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1997 May-Jun;19(3):192-6.

PURPOSE: This study assesses the efficacy of an iron-fortified (15 mg Fe, as stabilized ferrous sulfate (SFE-171), per liter) fluid whole cow's milk (IFFWCM) for the treatment of mild iron deficiency in children.
Hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), SI, TS, and SF were determined monthly.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8723584 Adamson J: Perisurgical use of epoetin alfa in orthopedic surgery patients. Semin Hematol. 1996 Apr;33(2 Suppl 2):55-8; discussion 59.


Patients treated with epoetin alfa required significantly fewer (P < .001) allogeneic transfusion compared with placebo, and this effect of epoetin alfa was particularly evident in the subgroup of patients with baseline hemoglobin (Hb) levels of more than 10 to < or = 13 g/dL.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15921373 Hershko C, Hoffbrand AV, Keret D, Souroujon M, Maschler I, Monselise Y, Lahad A: Role of autoimmune gastritis, Helicobacter pylori and celiac disease in refractory or unexplained iron deficiency anemia. Haematologica. 2005 May;90(5):585-95.


H. pylori eradication in previously refractory IDA patients in combination with continued oral iron therapy resulted in a significant increase in hemoglobin from 9.4+/-1.5 (mean +/- 1SD) before, to 13.5+/-1.2 g/ dL (p <0.001 by paired t test) within 3 to 6 months.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16100069 Rincker MJ, Clarke SL, Eisenstein RS, Link JE, Hill GM: Effects of iron supplementation on binding activity of iron regulatory proteins and the subsequent effect on growth performance and indices of hematological and mineral status of young pigs. J Anim Sci. 2005 Sep;83(9):2137-45.

Pigs were bled (d 0 and 13) to determine hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), transferrin (Tf), and plasma Fe (PFe), and then killed (d 13) to determine spontaneous and 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME)-inducible IRP RNA binding activity in liver and liver and whole-body mineral concentrations.
In Exp. 2, pigs (six pigs per treatment; 6.5 kg; age = 19 +/- 3 d) were fed a basal diet (Phase 1 = d 0 to 7; Phase 2 = d 7 to 21; Phase 3 = d 21 to 35) supplemented with 0 or 150 mg/kg of Fe as ferrous sulfate and killed at d 35 (18.3 kg; age = 54 +/- 3 d).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16887629 Daniel C, Bissinger MC, Courcol RJ: Effects of host iron transport compounds on growth kinetics and outer-membrane protein expression of Bilophila wadsworthia. Anaerobe. 1998 Apr;4(2):103-9.

Since the environmental iron concentration has emerged as an important attribute in the expression of bacterial virulence, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of transferrin, lactoferrin, heme compounds, and inorganic iron sources (ferric and ferrous sulfate) on the growth of Bilophila wadsworthia and to study its outer membrane composition when grown under these different simulated in vivo conditions.
Lactoferrin, transferrin, hemin and hemoglobin supported full growth of the bacteria in media lacking other iron sources.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8411806 Inatsuchi H, Tanaka M, Masuda A, Arihara K, Katsuoka Y: [Preoperative collection of autologous blood with recombinant human erythropoietin therapy]. Nippon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi. 1993 Aug;84(8):1450-5.

Hemoglobin and Hematocrit levels recovered promptly in rH-EPO treated group.
All the patients were given ferrous sulfate 100 mg of iron orally every day.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11880565 Sungthong R, Mo-Suwan L, Chongsuvivatwong V, Geater AF: Once weekly is superior to daily iron supplementation on height gain but not on hematological improvement among schoolchildren in Thailand. J Nutr. 2002 Mar;132(3):418-22.

The effects of once weekly and daily iron supplementation on hemoglobin (Hb), serum ferritin (SF), prevalence of anemia, weight and height are compared in this study.
All children received Albendazole and then randomly received ferrous sulfate (300 mg/tablet) either daily or weekly, or a placebo for 16 wk.
1(0,0,0,1) Details