Protein Information

Name TRPA1
Synonyms ANKTM 1; ANKTM1; Ankyrin like protein with transmembrane domains 1; Ankyrin like with transmembrane domains protein 1; TRPA 1; TRPA1; Transformation sensitive protein p120; Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1…

Compound Information

Name acrolein
CAS 2-propenal

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
18440147 Namer B, Kleggetveit IP, Handwerker H, Schmelz M, Jorum E: Role of TRPM8 and TRPA1 for cold allodynia in patients with cold injury. Pain. 2008 Sep 30;139(1):63-72. Epub 2008 Apr 25.

3(0,0,0,3) Details
19220220 Alenmyr L, Hogestatt ED, Zygmunt PM, Greiff L: TRPV1-mediated itch in seasonal allergic rhinitis. . Allergy. 2009 May;64(5):807-10. Epub 2009 Feb 13.


Moreover, challenges were performed with mustard oil (allylisothiocyanate) and cinnamaldehyde as well as menthol, activators of TRPA1 and TRPM8, respectively.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
17942619 Merrill AW, Cuellar JM, Judd JH, Carstens MI, Carstens E: Effects of TRPA1 agonists mustard oil and cinnamaldehyde on lumbar spinal wide-dynamic range neuronal responses to innocuous and noxious cutaneous stimuli in rats. J Neurophysiol. 2008 Feb;99(2):415-25. Epub 2007 Oct 17.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
19568926 Inoue T, Bryant BP: Multiple cation channels mediate increases in intracellular calcium induced by the volatile irritant, trans-2-pentenal in rat trigeminal neurons. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2010 Jan;30(1):35-41. Epub 2009 Jun 30.

Since all pentenal-sensitive neurons responded to a specific TRPA1 agonist, allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and neurons from TRPA1 knockouts failed to respond to pentenal, TRPA1 appears to be sole initial transduction site for pentenal-evoked trigeminal response, as reported for the structurally related irritant, acrolein.
This study demonstrates that TTXs VGSCs, L- and P/Q-type VGCCs play a significant role in the pentenal-induced trigeminal neuronal responses as downstream mechanisms following TRPA1 activation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20021572 Cahusac PM: Effects of transient receptor potential (TRP) channel agonists and antagonists on slowly adapting type II mechanoreceptors in the rat sinus hair follicle. J Peripher Nerv Syst. 2009 Dec;14(4):300-9.


These results rule out any role for TRPA1 and TRPV1 channels in mechanotransduction processes of slowly adapting type II mechanoreceptors.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17728277 Albin KC, Carstens MI, Carstens E: Modulation of oral heat and cold pain by irritant chemicals. Chem Senses. 2008 Jan;33(1):3-15. Epub 2007 Aug 29.


Capsaicin, mustard oil, and cinnamaldehyde may induce heat hyperalgesia via enhanced thermal gating of TRPV1 that is coexpressed with TRPA1 in peripheral nociceptors.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19135721 Parnas M, Peters M, Dadon D, Lev S, Vertkin I, Slutsky I, Minke B: Carvacrol is a novel inhibitor of Drosophila TRPL and mammalian TRPM7 channels. Cell Calcium. 2009 Mar;45(3):300-9. Epub 2009 Jan 9.


In the present study we demonstrate by patch clamp whole cell recordings from Schneider 2 and Drosophila photoreceptor cells that carvacrol, a known activator of the thermoTRPs, TRPV3 and TRPA1 is an inhibitor of the Drosophila TRPL channels, which belongs to the TRPC subfamily.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19507004 Doihara H, Nozawa K, Kojima R, Kawabata-Shoda E, Yokoyama T, Ito H: QGP-1 cells release 5-HT via TRPA1 activation; a model of human enterochromaffin cells. Mol Cell Biochem. 2009 Nov;331(1-2):239-45. Epub 2009 Jun 9.

Furthermore, the TRPA1 agonists AITC, CA, and acrolein concentration dependently evoked an increase in intracellular Ca (2+) influx and the release of 5-HT in QGP-1 cells.
166(2,2,2,6) Details
17684094 Trevisani M, Siemens J, Materazzi S, Bautista DM, Nassini R, Campi B, Imamachi N, Andre E, Patacchini R, Cottrell GS, Gatti R, Basbaum AI, Bunnett NW, Julius D, Geppetti P: 4-Hydroxynonenal, an endogenous aldehyde, causes pain and neurogenic inflammation through activation of the irritant receptor TRPA1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Aug 14;104(33):13519-24. Epub 2007 Aug 7.

Environmental irritants such as mustard oil, allicin, and acrolein activate TRPA1, causing acute pain, neuropeptide release, and neurogenic inflammation.
88(1,1,1,8) Details
19371406 Forster AB, Reeh PW, Messlinger K, Fischer MJ: High concentrations of morphine sensitize and activate mouse dorsal root ganglia via TRPV1 and TRPA1 receptors. Mol Pain. 2009 Apr 16;5:17.

RESULTS: Morphine induced release of calcitonin gene-related peptide and sensitized the release evoked by heat or the TRPA1 agonist acrolein.
86(1,1,1,6) Details
18814910 Hill K, Schaefer M: Ultraviolet light and photosensitising agents activate TRPA1 via generation of oxidative stress. Cell Calcium. 2009 Feb;45(2):155-64. Epub 2008 Sep 23.

TRPA1 is activated by either covalent or reversible binding of various chemical compounds, including allylisothiocyanate or acrolein, and is further sensitised by increases in the intracellular Ca (2+) concentration.
39(0,1,1,9) Details
19845671 Andre E, Gatti R, Trevisani M, Preti D, Baraldi PG, Patacchini R, Geppetti P: Transient receptor potential ankyrin receptor 1 is a novel target for pro-tussive agents. Br J Pharmacol. 2009 Nov;158(6):1621-8. Epub 2009 Oct 20.

Acrolein and crotonaldehyde, two alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes recently identified as TRPA1 stimulants and contained in cigarette smoke, air pollution or produced endogenously by oxidative stress, caused a remarkable tussive effect, a response that was selectively inhibited by HC-030031.
38(0,1,1,8) Details
18769139 Takahashi N, Mizuno Y, Kozai D, Yamamoto S, Kiyonaka S, Shibata T, Uchida K, Mori Y: Molecular characterization of TRPA1 channel activation by cysteine-reactive inflammatory mediators. Channels. 2008 Jul-Aug;2(4):287-98. Epub 2008 Jul 6.

Activation of TRPA1 by environmental irritants such as mustard oil, allicin and acrolein causes acute pain.
38(0,1,1,8) Details
19299646 Earley S, Gonzales AL, Crnich R: Endothelium-dependent cerebral artery dilation mediated by TRPA1 and Ca2+-Activated K+ channels. Circ Res. 2009 Apr 24;104(8):987-94. Epub 2009 Mar 19.

The sole member of the ankyrin (A) transient receptor potential (TRP) subfamily, TRPA1, is a Ca (2+)-permeable nonselective cation channel activated by electrophilic compounds such as acrolein (tear gas), allicin (garlic), and allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) (mustard oil).
37(0,1,1,7) Details
19729665 Birrell MA, Belvisi MG, Grace M, Sadofsky L, Faruqi S, Hele DJ, Maher SA, Freund-Michel V, Morice AH: TRPA1 agonists evoke coughing in guinea pig and human volunteers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009 Dec 1;180(11):1042-7. Epub 2009 Sep 3.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We demonstrated that TRPA1 agonists such as acrolein activate cloned human TRPA1 channels in HEK293 cells and also vagal sensory nerves in murine, guinea pig, and human tissues.
37(0,1,1,7) Details
16564016 Bautista DM, Jordt SE, Nikai T, Tsuruda PR, Read AJ, Poblete J, Yamoah EN, Basbaum AI, Julius D: TRPA1 mediates the inflammatory actions of environmental irritants and proalgesic agents. Cell. 2006 Mar 24;124(6):1269-82.

TRPA1 is also targeted by environmental irritants, such as acrolein, that account for toxic and inflammatory actions of tear gas, vehicle exhaust, and metabolic byproducts of chemotherapeutic agents.
37(0,1,1,7) Details
18463259 Chen J, Zhang XF, Kort ME, Huth JR, Sun C, Miesbauer LJ, Cassar SC, Neelands T, Scott VE, Moreland RB, Reilly RM, Hajduk PJ, Kym PR, Hutchins CW, Faltynek CR: Molecular determinants of species-specific activation or blockade of TRPA1 channels. J Neurosci. 2008 May 7;28(19):5063-71.

Through covalent modification of cysteine and lysine residues, TRPA1 can be activated by electrophilic compounds, including active ingredients of pungent natural products (e.g., allyl isothiocyanate), environmental irritants (e.g., acrolein), and endogenous ligands (4-hydroxynonenal).
35(0,1,1,5) Details
18568080 Simon SA, Liedtke W: How irritating: the role of TRPA1 in sensing cigarette smoke and aerogenic oxidants in the airways. J Clin Invest. 2008 Jul;118(7):2383-6.

The identification of TRPA1 activation by toxicants from cigarette smoke and polluted air, such as crotonaldehyde, acrolein, and oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide, is an important finding.
33(0,1,1,3) Details
18307678 Geppetti P, Nassini R, Materazzi S, Benemei S: The concept of neurogenic inflammation. BJU Int. 2008 Mar;101 Suppl 3:2-6.

Involvement of the TRP cation channel, subfamily A, member 1 (TRPA1) has also been reported in models of neurogenic inflammation and nociception promoted by the cyclophosphamide metabolite, acrolein.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
18322093 Andersson DA, Gentry C, Moss S, Bevan S: Transient receptor potential A1 is a sensory receptor for multiple products of oxidative stress. J Neurosci. 2008 Mar 5;28(10):2485-94.

Transient receptor potential A1 (TRPA1) is expressed in a subset of nociceptive sensory neurons where it acts as a sensor for environmental irritants, including acrolein, and some pungent plant ingredients such as allyl isothiocyanate and cinnamaldehyde.
11(0,0,1,6) Details
17237762 Macpherson LJ, Dubin AE, Evans MJ, Marr F, Schultz PG, Cravatt BF, Patapoutian A: Noxious compounds activate TRPA1 ion channels through covalent modification of cysteines. Nature. 2007 Feb 1;445(7127):541-5. Epub 2007 Jan 21.

10(0,0,0,10) Details
18568077 Andre E, Campi B, Materazzi S, Trevisani M, Amadesi S, Massi D, Creminon C, Vaksman N, Nassini R, Civelli M, Baraldi PG, Poole DP, Bunnett NW, Geppetti P, Patacchini R: Cigarette smoke-induced neurogenic inflammation is mediated by alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes and the TRPA1 receptor in rodents. J Clin Invest. 2008 Jul;118(7):2574-82.

We hypothesized that 2 alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes present in CS, crotonaldehyde and acrolein, induce neurogenic inflammation by stimulating TRPA1, an excitatory ion channel coexpressed with TRPV1 on capsaicin-sensitive nociceptors.
9(0,0,1,4) Details
18031925 Streng T, Axelsson HE, Hedlund P, Andersson DA, Jordt SE, Bevan S, Andersson KE, Hogestatt ED, Zygmunt PM: Distribution and function of the hydrogen sulfide-sensitive TRPA1 ion channel in rat urinary bladder. Eur Urol. 2008 Feb;53(2):391-9. Epub 2007 Oct 22.

9(0,0,0,9) Details
18468780 Gratzke C, Streng T, Waldkirch E, Sigl K, Stief C, Andersson KE, Hedlund P: Transient receptor potential A1 (TRPA1) activity in the human urethra--evidence for a functional role for TRPA1 in the outflow region. Eur Urol. 2009 Mar;55(3):696-704. Epub 2008 Apr 30.

8(0,0,0,8) Details
17991581 Du S, Araki I, Yoshiyama M, Nomura T, Takeda M: Transient receptor potential channel A1 involved in sensory transduction of rat urinary bladder through C-fiber pathway. Urology. 2007 Oct;70(4):826-31.


The TRPA1 is a candidate for both mechanosensory transduction and nociception.
8(0,0,0,8) Details
17571167 Dai Y, Wang S, Tominaga M, Yamamoto S, Fukuoka T, Higashi T, Kobayashi K, Obata K, Yamanaka H, Noguchi K: Sensitization of TRPA1 by PAR2 contributes to the sensation of inflammatory pain. J Clin Invest. 2007 Jul;117(7):1979-87.

7(0,0,0,7) Details
17314320 Niforatos W, Zhang XF, Lake MR, Walter KA, Neelands T, Holzman TF, Scott VE, Faltynek CR, Moreland RB, Chen J: Activation of TRPA1 channels by the fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor 3'-carbamoylbiphenyl-3-yl cyclohexylcarbamate (URB597). Mol Pharmacol. 2007 May;71(5):1209-16. Epub 2007 Feb 21.

However, various agonists have been identified, including environmental irritants (e.g., acrolein) and ingredients of pungent natural products [e.g., allyl isothiocyanate (ITC), cinnamaldehyde, allicin, and gingerol].
7(0,0,0,7) Details
19629446 Doihara H, Nozawa K, Kawabata-Shoda E, Kojima R, Yokoyama T, Ito H: TRPA1 agonists delay gastric emptying in rats through serotonergic pathways. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2009 Oct;380(4):353-7. Epub 2009 Jul 24.

6(0,0,0,6) Details
16725114 Andrade EL, Ferreira J, Andre E, Calixto JB: Contractile mechanisms coupled to TRPA1 receptor activation in rat urinary bladder. Biochem Pharmacol. 2006 Jun 28;72(1):104-14. Epub 2006 Apr 25.

6(0,0,0,6) Details
15046718 Bandell M, Story GM, Hwang SW, Viswanath V, Eid SR, Petrus MJ, Earley TJ, Patapoutian A: Noxious cold ion channel TRPA1 is activated by pungent compounds and bradykinin. Neuron. 2004 Mar 25;41(6):849-57.

6(0,0,0,6) Details
20237474 Kang K, Pulver SR, Panzano VC, Chang EC, Griffith LC, Theobald DL, Garrity PA: Analysis of Drosophila TRPA1 reveals an ancient origin for human chemical nociception. Nature. 2010 Mar 25;464(7288):597-600. Epub 2010 Mar 17.

Reactive electrophiles are a class of noxious compounds humans find pungent and irritating, such as allyl isothiocyanate (in wasabi) and acrolein (in cigarette smoke).
4(0,0,0,4) Details
17344381 Hjerling-Leffler J, Alqatari M, Ernfors P, Koltzenburg M: Emergence of functional sensory subtypes as defined by transient receptor potential channel expression. J Neurosci. 2007 Mar 7;27(10):2435-43.


Responses to capsaicin, menthol, and cinnamaldehyde were first seen at E12.5, E16.5, and postnatal day 0 (P0), when the mRNA for TRP cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 (TRPV1), TRP cation channel, subfamily M, member 8 (TRPM8), and TRP cation channel, subfamily A, member 1 (TRPA1), respectively, was first detected.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
18838811 Iwasaki Y, Tanabe M, Kobata K, Watanabe T: TRPA1 agonists--allyl isothiocyanate and cinnamaldehyde--induce adrenaline secretion. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2008 Oct;72(10):2608-14. Epub 2008 Oct 7.

4(0,0,0,4) Details
18060696 Zanotto KL, Iodi Carstens M, Carstens E: Cross-desensitization of responses of rat trigeminal subnucleus caudalis neurons to cinnamaldehyde and menthol. Neurosci Lett. 2008 Jan 3;430(1):29-33. Epub 2007 Oct 22.


Most cold-sensitive subnucleus caudalis (Vc) neurons are also excited by the TRPM8 agonist menthol and the TRPA1 agonist cinnamaldehyde (CA).
3(0,0,0,3) Details
15931068 Namer B, Seifert F, Handwerker HO, Maihofner C: TRPA1 and TRPM8 activation in humans: effects of cinnamaldehyde and menthol. Neuroreport. 2005 Jun 21;16(9):955-9.

3(0,0,0,3) Details
17997017 Michel MC: Editorial comment on: distribution and function of the hydrogen sulfide-sensitive TRPA1 ion channel in rat urinary bladder. Eur Urol. 2008 Feb;53(2):399-400. Epub 2007 Oct 22.

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