Protein Information

Name heme oxygenase 1
Synonyms HMOX 1; HMOX1; HMOX1 protein; HO; HO 1; HO1; Heme oxygenase (Decycling) 1; Heme oxygenase (Decyclizing) 1…

Compound Information

Name acrolein
CAS 2-propenal

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
16480751 Wu CC, Hsieh CW, Lai PH, Lin JB, Liu YC, Wung BS: Upregulation of endothelial heme oxygenase-1 expression through the activation of the JNK pathway by sublethal concentrations of acrolein. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2006 Aug 1;214(3):244-52. Epub 2006 Feb 15.
219(2,3,7,9) Details
18048804 Zhang H, Forman HJ: Acrolein induces heme oxygenase-1 through PKC-delta and PI3K in human bronchial epithelial cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2008 Apr;38(4):483-90. Epub 2007 Nov 29.

Acrolein-mediated HO-1 induction was significantly attenuated by pan-protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors RO318220, staurosporine, and PKC-delta selective inhibitor rottlerin and PKC-delta small interfering RNA.
114(1,1,6,9) Details
19548348 Thompson CA, Burcham PC: Genome-wide transcriptional responses to acrolein. . Chem Res Toxicol. 2008 Dec;21(12):2245-56.

Although HMOX1 is a widely used marker of transcriptional responses to acrolein, this gene was the sole upregulated member of the Nrf2-driven family of antioxidant response genes.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
18921984 Thompson CA, Burcham PC: Genome-Wide Transcriptional Responses to Acrolein. . Chem Res Toxicol. 2008 Oct 16.

Although HMOX1 is a widely used marker of transcriptional responses to acrolein, this gene was the sole upregulated member of the Nrf2-driven family of antioxidant response genes.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
19651797 Zhang H, Forman HJ: Signaling pathways involved in phase II gene induction by alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehydes. Toxicol Ind Health. 2009 May-Jun;25(4-5):269-78.

Two electrophiles, 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) and acrolein, induced the expression of phase II genes (GCLC, GCLM, NQO1, NQO2, HO-1, and GSTM-1).
6(0,0,1,1) Details
18304597 Liao BC, Hsieh CW, Liu YC, Tzeng TT, Sun YW, Wung BS: Cinnamaldehyde inhibits the tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced expression of cell adhesion molecules in endothelial cells by suppressing NF-kappaB activation: effects upon IkappaB and Nrf2. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2008 Jun 1;229(2):161-71. Epub 2008 Feb 5.


Interestingly, cinnamaldehyde exerts its anti-inflammatory effects by blocking the degradation of the inhibitory protein IkappaB-alpha, but only in short term pretreatments, whereas it does so via the induction of Nrf2-related genes, including heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1), over long term pretreatments.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
19608619 MacLeod AK, McMahon M, Plummer SM, Higgins LG, Penning TM, Igarashi K, Hayes JD: Characterization of the cancer chemopreventive NRF2-dependent gene battery in human keratinocytes: demonstration that the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway, and not the BACH1-NRF2 pathway, controls cytoprotection against electrophiles as well as redox-cycling compounds. Carcinogenesis. 2009 Sep;30(9):1571-80. Epub 2009 Jul 16.

Whole-genome microarray revealed that knockdown of KEAP1 resulted in 23 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) being up-regulated > or = 2.0-fold. mRNA for aldo-keto reductase (AKR) 1B10, AKR1C1, AKR1C2 and AKR1C3 were induced to the greatest extent, showing increases of between 12- and 16-fold, whereas mRNA for glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic and modifier subunits, NAD (P) H:quinone oxidoreductase-1 and haem oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) were induced between 2.0- and 4.8-fold.
Activation of NRF2, by KEAP1 knockdown, caused a 75% increase in the amount of glutathione in HaCaT cells and a 1.4- to 1.6-fold increase in their resistance to the electrophiles acrolein, chlorambucil and cumene hydroperoxide (CuOOH), as well as the redox-cycling agent menadione.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
20153624 Feng Z, Liu Z, Li X, Jia H, Sun L, Tian C, Jia L, Liu J: alpha-Tocopherol is an effective Phase II enzyme inducer: protective effects on acrolein-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. J Nutr Biochem. 2010 Feb 12.

Consequently, the expression and/or activity of the following Phase II enzymes increased: glutamate cysteine ligase, NAD (P) H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, heme-oxygenase 1, glutathione S-transferase and superoxide dismutase; total antioxidant capacity and glutathione also increased.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19000754 Cabello CM, Bair WB 3rd, Lamore SD, Ley S, Bause AS, Azimian S, Wondrak GT: The cinnamon-derived Michael acceptor cinnamic aldehyde impairs melanoma cell proliferation, invasiveness, and tumor growth. Free Radic Biol Med. 2009 Jan 15;46(2):220-31. Epub 2008 Nov 1.


Expression array analysis revealed that CA induced an oxidative stress response in A375 cells, up-regulating heme oxygenase 1, sulfiredoxin 1 homolog, thioredoxin reductase 1, and other genes, including the cell-cycle regulator and stress-responsive tumor suppressor gene cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A, a key mediator of G1-phase arrest.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18282682 Thompson CA, Burcham PC: Protein alkylation, transcriptional responses and cytochrome c release during acrolein toxicity in A549 cells: influence of nucleophilic culture media constituents. Toxicol In Vitro. 2008 Jun;22(4):844-53. Epub 2008 Jan 15.

Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay, while heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and cytoplasmic cytochrome c were measured as respective markers of transcriptional response and apoptosis.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17178418 King AA, Shaughnessy DT, Mure K, Leszczynska J, Ward WO, Umbach DM, Xu Z, Ducharme D, Taylor JA, Demarini DM, Klein CB: Antimutagenicity of cinnamaldehyde and vanillin in human cells: Global gene expression and possible role of DNA damage and repair. Mutat Res. 2007 Mar 1;616(1-2):60-9. Epub 2006 Dec 18.


RT-PCR results paralleled the Affymetrix results for four selected genes (HMOX1, DDIT4, GCLM, and CLK4).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20149621 Zhu L, Liu Z, Feng Z, Hao J, Shen W, Li X, Sun L, Sharman E, Wang Y, Wertz K, Weber P, Shi X, Liu J: Hydroxytyrosol protects against oxidative damage by simultaneous activation of mitochondrial biogenesis and phase II detoxifying enzyme systems in retinal pigment epithelial cells. J Nutr Biochem. 2010 Feb 9.

Studies in this laboratory have previously shown that hydroxytyrosol, the major antioxidant polyphenol in olives, protects ARPE-19 human retinal pigment epithelial cells from oxidative damage induced by acrolein, an environmental toxin and endogenous end product of lipid oxidation, that occurs at increased levels in age-related macular degeneration lesions.
The activation of Nrf2 led to activation of phase II detoxifying enzymes, including gamma-glutamyl-cysteinyl-ligase, NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)-quinone-oxidoreductase 1, heme-oxygenase-1, superoxide dismutase, peroxiredoxin and thioredoxin as well as other antioxidant enzymes, while the activation of PPARGC1alpha led to increased protein expression of mitochondrial transcription factor A, uncoupling protein 2 and mitochondrial complexes.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9266806 Li L, Hamilton RF Jr, Taylor DE, Holian A: Acrolein-induced cell death in human alveolar macrophages. . Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1997 Aug;145(2):331-9.

0(0,0,0,0) Details