Protein Information

Name calcitonin gene related peptide
Synonyms Alpha type CGRP; CT; CGRP; CALC 1; CALC1; CALCA; CGRP 1; CGRP I…

Compound Information

Name sodium fluoride
CAS sodium fluoride (NaF)

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
9881322 Netelenbos C: Osteoporosis: intervention options. Maturitas. 1998 Nov 16;30(3):235-9.

The inhibitors of bone resorption, which include calcium, the vitamin Ds, bisphosphonates, calcitonins and gonadal steroids have been variously shown to prevent bone loss or to reduce fractures.
At this moment sodium fluoride is not the first choice in treatment of osteoporosis in general practice.
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11238469 Rosen CJ, Bilezikian JP: Clinical review 123: Anabolic therapy for osteoporosis. . J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Mar;86(3):957-64.


By acting at this site in the bone remodeling cycle, estrogens, selective estrogen receptor modulators, calcitonin, and the bisphosphonates all have the capacity to increase bone mineral density and to reduce the risk of new fractures.
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9217558 Deal CL: Osteoporosis: prevention, diagnosis, and management. 136-7

Estrogen, calcitonin, and bisphosphonates have all been proved effective in retarding postmenopausal bone loss and therefore reducing the risk of fracture.
The use of sodium fluoride is more controversial, although a recent study has suggested a possible role for slow-release fluoride combined with high-dose calcium supplementation.
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8600659 Fojtik Z, Mayer J: [Osteoporosis. 2] . Vnitr Lek. 1995 Dec;41(12):851-7.

Further antiresorptive drugs include oral calcium, calcitonin, bisphosphonates.
Intermittent slow-release sodium fluoride administered for osteoporotic patients inhibits new vertebral fractures, increases the mean spinal bone mass and is safe to use.
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10677797 Blank RD, Bockman RS: A review of clinical trials of therapies for osteoporosis using fracture as an end point. Am J Med. 1997 Jan 27;102(1A):35S-39S.


Fracture outcomes have been reported in clinical trials with calcium supplementation, vitamin D supplementation, estrogen replacement therapy (ERT), calcitonin, etidronate, alendronate, sodium fluoride (NaF), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and raloxifene.
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12589304 Davidson MR: Pharmacotherapeutics for osteoporosis prevention and treatment. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2003 Jan-Feb;48(1):39-52.


The following effective treatment options for women who have been diagnosed with the disease are discussed: bisphosphonates, calcitonin, and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs).
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17898545 Ross GR, Yallampalli U, Yallampalli C: Cyclic AMP-independent CGRP8-37-sensitive receptors mediate adrenomedullin-induced decrease of CaCl2-contraction in pregnant rat mesenteric artery. J Vasc Res. 2008;45(1):33-44. Epub 2007 Sep 26.


Interestingly, sodium fluoride, a nonspecific protein phosphatase inhibitor, completely blocked the effect of adrenomedullin on CaCl (2)-induced contraction.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
12530170 Dimai HP, Pietschmann P, Resch H, Leb G, Klaushofer K: [Guidelines for drug therapy of postmenopausal osteoporosis] . Wien Med Wochenschr. 2002;152(23-24):596-612.

In Austria, several pharmacologic options for treatment of osteoporosis are available, including bisphosphonates (alendronate, etidronate, risedronate), selective estrogen receptor modulators (raloxifene), calcitonins (salm-calcitonin, elcatonin), fluorides (sodium-fluoride, monofluorophosphate), anabolic steroids (nandrolone-decanoate), steroid derivates (tibolone), estrogen and hormone replacement therapy.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
9689207 Miller P, Lukert B, Broy S, Civitelli R, Fleischmann R, Gagel R, Khosla S, Lucas M, Maricic M, Pacifici R, Recker R, Sarran HS, Short B, Short MJ: Management of postmenopausal osteoporosis for primary care. 141-2.

RESULTS: Prevention and treatment are discussed, including hormone replacement therapy and use of calcitonin, sodium fluoride, bisphosphonates, and serum estrogen receptor modulators.
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9069161 Farrerons J, Rodriguez de la Serna A, Guanabens N, Armadans L, Lopez-Navidad A, Yoldi B, Renau A, Vaque J: Sodium fluoride treatment is a major protector against vertebral and nonvertebral fractures when compared with other common treatments of osteoporosis: a longitudinal, observational study. Calcif Tissue Int. 1997 Mar;60(3):250-4.

In a 5-year observational study we have compared sodium fluoride (NaF) with different treatments commonly used in the treatment of osteoporosis: calcium, estrogens, androgens, and calcitonin, referred to as non-NaF.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
18360603 Maclaughlin EJ, Sleeper RB, McNatty D, Raehl CL: Management of age-related osteoporosis and prevention of associated fractures. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2006 Sep;2(3):281-95.

Drugs which have been shown to decrease the risk of age-related osteoporotic fractures include oral bisphosphonates (alendronate, ibandronate, and risedronate), intranasal calcitonin, estrogen receptor stimulators (eg, estrogen, selective estrogen receptor modulators [raloxifene]), parathyroid hormone (teriparatide), sodium fluoride, and strontium ranelate.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
9673863 Castelo-Branco C: Management of osteoporosis. Drugs Aging. 1998;12 Suppl 1:25-32.

Other widely used treatments for osteoporosis that have been utilised to prevent bone loss include calcitonin and bisphosphonates, calcium supplementation, ossein-hydroxyapatite compound, vitamin D analogues, sodium fluoride, parathyroid hormone, anabolic steroids and growth hormone.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
8990754 Haines ST, Caceres B, Yancey L: Alternatives to estrogen replacement therapy for preventing osteoporosis. . Menopause. 1998 Summer;5(2):123-31.

Several drugs-including sex hormones, bisphosphonates, calcitonin, and sodium fluoride-can arrest the progression of osteoporosis and prevent fractures.
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14713283 Pepene CE, Seck T, Diel I, Minne HW, Ziegler R, Pfeilschifter J: Influence of fluor salts, hormone replacement therapy and calcitonin on the concentration of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II and transforming growth factor-beta 1 in human iliac crest bone matrix from patients with primary osteoporosis. Eur J Endocrinol. 2004 Jan;150(1):81-91.

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9008693 Isenbarger DW, Chapin BL: Osteoporosis. Postgrad Med. 1997 Jan;101(1):129-32

Therapy with alendronate sodium (Fosamax) or calcitonin (Calcimar, Miacalcin) is clearly indicated in women with established osteoporosis and may be appropriate for early postmenopausal women with osteopenia.
Slow-release sodium fluoride, although still considered experimental, may eventually be given for vertebral fracture in patients with mild to moderate disease.
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10847516 Dobbs MB, Buckwalter J, Saltzman C: Osteoporosis: the increasing role of the orthopaedist. Iowa Orthop J. 1999;19:43-52.

If the bone mass is 2.5 SDs below normal peak or if there is an increase in resorption, use of either estrogen, bisphosphontes, or calcitonin may be appropriate.
If there is evidence of low-turnover osteoporosis with decreased osteoblast formation, sodium fluoride should be considered.
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10890269 Krappweis J, Rentsch A, Schwarz UI, Krobot KJ, Kirch W: Outpatient costs of osteoporosis in a national health insurance population. Clin Ther. 1999 Nov;21(11):2001-14.

Patients received 106 defined daily doses of osteoporosis medications during the year; 37.0% of the prescribed daily doses were for sodium fluorophosphate/calcium combinations, 4.3% were for sodium fluoride, and 7.7% were for calcium alone.
Sex hormones and calcitonin each accounted for 7.7% of the prescribed daily doses.
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