Protein Information

Name IL 6
Synonyms 26 kd protein; B cell differentiation factor; B cell stimulatory factor 2; BSF 2; BSF2; CDF; CTL differentiation factor; HGF…

Compound Information

Name carbon tetrachloride
CAS tetrachloromethane

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
18547752 Yamaji K, Ochiai Y, Ohnishi K, Yawata A, Chikuma T, Hojo H: Up-regulation of hepatic heme oxygenase-1 expression by locally induced interleukin-6 in rats administered carbon tetrachloride intraperitoneally. Toxicol Lett. 2008 Jul 10;179(3):124-9. Epub 2008 May 2.
11(0,0,1,6) Details
15514851 Gao J, Dou H, Tang XH, Xu LZ, Fan YM, Zhao XN: Inhibitory effect of TCCE on CCl4-induced overexpression of IL-6 in acute liver injury. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin. 2004 Nov;36(11):767-72.

This study was designed to characterize the protective effects of the chloroform fraction of the ethanol extract of T. catappa leaves (TCCE) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in mice, and analyze the changes in expression level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the process.
11(0,0,1,6) Details
15763341 Bansal MB, Kovalovich K, Gupta R, Li W, Agarwal A, Radbill B, Alvarez CE, Safadi R, Fiel MI, Friedman SL, Taub RA: Interleukin-6 protects hepatocytes from CCl4-mediated necrosis and apoptosis in mice by reducing MMP-2 expression. J Hepatol. 2005 Apr;42(4):548-56.

10(0,0,0,10) Details
17615358 Naugler WE, Sakurai T, Kim S, Maeda S, Kim K, Elsharkawy AM, Karin M: Gender disparity in liver cancer due to sex differences in MyD88-dependent IL-6 production. Science. 2007 Jul 6;317(5834):121-4.

6(0,0,0,6) Details
15617504 Tang XH, Gao J, Wang YP, Xu LZ, Zhao XN, Xu Q: [Hepatoprotective effects of chloroform extract from leaf of Terminalia catappa in relation to the inhibition of liver IL-6 expression]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2003 Dec;28(12):1170-4.

6(0,0,0,6) Details
17278221 Dang SS, Wang BF, Cheng YA, Song P, Liu ZG, Li ZF: Inhibitory effects of saikosaponin-d on CCl4-induced hepatic fibrogenesis in rats. World J Gastroenterol. 2007 Jan 28;13(4):557-63.


AIM: To investigate the suppressive effect of saikosaponin-d (SSd) on hepatic fibrosis in rats induced by CCl (4) injections in combination with alcohol and high fat, low protein feeding and its relationship with the expression of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukins-6 (IL-6).
5(0,0,0,5) Details
18806959 Lee HS, Jung KH, Hong SW, Park IS, Lee C, Han HK, Lee DH, Hong SS: Morin protects acute liver damage by carbon tetrachloride (CCl (4)) in rat. Arch Pharm Res. 2008 Sep;31(9):1160-5. Epub 2008 Sep 20.

To identify the mechanism of protective activity of morin in CCl (4)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, we investigated expressions of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and inducible nitric oxide (iNOS).
3(0,0,0,3) Details
17298859 Sawant SP, Dnyanmote AV, Mehendale HM: Mechanisms of inhibited liver tissue repair in toxicant challenged type 2 diabetic rats. Toxicology. 2007 Apr 11;232(3):200-15. Epub 2007 Jan 14.


In CCl (4)-treated non-diabetic (non-DB) rats, increased IL-6 levels, sustained activation of extracellular regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) MAPK, and sustained phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (p-pRB) via cyclin D1/cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) 4 and cyclin D1/cdk6 complexes stimulated G (0)/G (1) to S-phase transition of liver cells.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19787836 Peng XD, Dai LL, Huang CQ, He CM, Chen LJ: Correlation between anti-fibrotic effect of baicalin and serum cytokines in rat hepatic fibrosis. World J Gastroenterol. 2009 Oct 7;15(37):4720-5.

Except for the normal control group, all rats in the other groups were administered with carbon tetrachloride to induce hepatic fibrosis.
Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 were measured.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
15386444 Bahcecioglu IH, Yalniz M, Ataseven H, Bulbuller N, Kececi M, Demirdag K, Ozercan I, Ustundag B: TNF-alpha and leptin in experimental liver fibrosis models induced by carbon tetrachloride and by common bile duct ligation. Cell Biochem Funct. 2004 Nov-Dec;22(6):359-63.

Serum IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels were analysed by ELISA methods and leptin was analysed by RIA.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
17660847 Moh A, Iwamoto Y, Chai GX, Zhang SS, Kano A, Yang DD, Zhang W, Wang J, Jacoby JJ, Gao B, Flavell RA, Fu XY: Role of STAT3 in liver regeneration: survival, DNA synthesis, inflammatory reaction and liver mass recovery. Lab Invest. 2007 Oct;87(10):1018-28. Epub 2007 Jul 30.

The hepatoprotective effect of interleukin-6 (IL-6)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has been well documented.
In another model of liver regeneration induced by subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl (4)), hepatocyte DNA synthesis in the CCl (4)-treated L-Stat3 (-/-) mice also decreased as compared with Stat3 (f/+) mice at 40 h after injection but not at other time points.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19632202 Peng XD, Dai LL, Huang CQ, He CM, Yang B, Chen LJ: Relationship between anti-fibrotic effect of Panax notoginseng saponins and serum cytokines in rat hepatic fibrosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009 Oct 9;388(1):31-4. Epub 2009 Jul 24.

Hepatic fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl (4)) was studied in animal models using SD rats.
Liver index, serum alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured, respectively.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
17383825 Reyes-Gordillo K, Segovia J, Shibayama M, Vergara P, Moreno MG, Muriel P: Curcumin protects against acute liver damage in the rat by inhibiting NF-kappaB, proinflammatory cytokines production and oxidative stress. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 Jun;1770(6):989-96. Epub 2007 Feb 22.

Curcumin, an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compound, was evaluated for its ability to suppress acute carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage.
Therefore, in this study we determined the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA, and NF-kappaB activation.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19526130 Zabrodskii PF, Kirichuk VF, Lim VG, Balashov SV, Svistunov AA: Changes in the cytokine profile and reduced function of lymphocyte subpopulations in subacute tetrachloromethane poisoning. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2009 Jan;147(1):52-4.


Experiments on outbred albino rats showed that subacute poisoning with tetrachloromethane in a total dose of 1.0 LD50 appreciably decreased blood concentrations of cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10), reduced the IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio in comparison with the control, and suppressed the immune reactions, which attests to greater damage to Th1 compared to Th2 lymphocytes.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17766677 Horrillo R, Planaguma A, Gonzalez-Periz A, Ferre N, Titos E, Miquel R, Lopez-Parra M, Masferrer JL, Arroyo V, Claria J: Comparative protection against liver inflammation and fibrosis by a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor and a nonredox-type 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2007 Dec;323(3):778-86. Epub 2007 Aug 31.

These drugs differentially regulated interleukin-6 mRNA expression in macrophages.
Separate administration of 4-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl] benzenesulfonami de (SC-236), a selective COX-2 inhibitor, and CJ-13,610, a 5-LO inhibitor, to carbon tetrachloride-treated mice significantly reduced fibrosis as revealed by the analysis of Sirius Red-stained liver sections without affecting necroinflammation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15760680 Sudo K, Yamada Y, Moriwaki H, Saito K, Seishima M: Lack of tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1 inhibits liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in mice. Cytokine. 2005 Mar 7;29(5):236-44.

Furthermore, a marked reduction in procollagen and TGF-beta synthesis was observed in TNFR-1 KO mice, which also had little detectable NF-kappa B, STAT3, and AP1 binding, and reduced levels of liver interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA compared to WT and TNFR-2 KO mice.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18317297 Joseph B, Bhargava KK, Tronco GG, Palestro CJ, Gupta S: Systemic and local release of inflammatory cytokines regulates hepatobiliary excretion of 99mTc-mebrofenin. Nucl Med Commun. 2008 Apr;29(4):336-44.

METHODS: Acute liver injury was induced in Fischer 344 rats with 0.25-1 ml/kg single doses of carbon tetrachloride followed by studies of animals over 4 weeks.
Additional rats were treated with lipopolysaccharide, interleukin-6 or tumor necrosis factor-alpha to activate inflammatory events.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
18397230 Hisamori S, Tabata C, Kadokawa Y, Okoshi K, Tabata R, Mori A, Nagayama S, Watanabe G, Kubo H, Sakai Y: All-trans-retinoic acid ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice through modulating cytokine production. Liver Int. 2008 Nov;28(9):1217-25. Epub 2008 Apr 7.

We performed histological examinations and quantitative measurements of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 and interleukin (IL)-6 in CCl (4)-treated mouse liver tissues with or without the administration of ATRA, and investigated the effect of ATRA on the production of the cytokines in quiescent and activated HSCs.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
15743782 Oakley F, Mann J, Nailard S, Smart DE, Mungalsingh N, Constandinou C, Ali S, Wilson SJ, Millward-Sadler H, Iredale JP, Mann DA: Nuclear factor-kappaB1 (p50) limits the inflammatory and fibrogenic responses to chronic injury. Am J Pathol. 2005 Mar;166(3):695-708.

Mice received repeated hepatic injuries throughout 12 weeks by intraperitoneal injection of the hepatotoxin carbon tetrachloride.
By contrast the expression of other NF-kappaB-responsive genes (ICAM1 and interleukin-6) was similar between nfkappab1 (-/-) and nfkappab1 (+/+) cells.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20196117 Horiguchi N, Lafdil F, Miller AM, Park O, Wang H, Rajesh M, Mukhopadhyay P, Fu XY, Pacher P, Gao B: Dissociation between liver inflammation and hepatocellular damage induced by carbon tetrachloride in myeloid cell-specific signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 gene knockout mice. Hepatology. 2010 Jan 28.

However, these effects are also accompanied by reduced liver necrosis, correlating with elevated serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and hepatic STAT3 activation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
14999682 Nakamura K, Nonaka H, Saito H, Tanaka M, Miyajima A: Hepatocyte proliferation and tissue remodeling is impaired after liver injury in oncostatin M receptor knockout mice. Hepatology. 2004 Mar;39(3):635-44.

Oncostatin M (OSM) is a member of the IL-6 family of cytokines.
Mice deficient in the OSM receptor (OSMR (-/-)) showed impaired liver regeneration with persistent parenchymal necrosis after carbon tetrachloride (CCl (4)) exposure.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16510928 Topuria D, Kakabadze Z, Lobdjanidze N, Chavchanidze N: Anti-hepato-cytotoxic serum treatment results in acute liver failure. . Georgian Med News. 2006 Jan;(130):111-5.


Elevated serum concentrations of bacterial endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor-a, and interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 have been found in FHF, but the specific roles of these inflammatory factors are unclear.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20144743 Pulavendran S, Vignesh J, Rose C: Differential anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activity of transplanted mesenchymal vs. hematopoietic stem cells in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice. Int Immunopharmacol. 2010 Apr;10(4):513-9. Epub 2010 Feb 6.

Immunostaining for the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6), alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and type I collagen proteins was carried out and the expression of these mRNAs was also studied.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18007553 Alvarez GC, Madrid-Marina V, Jimenez-Mendez R, Buitimea AL, Roman MB, Cortez-Gomez R, Esparza JR, Rodriguez-Fragoso L: Combined therapy with danazol, pegilated interferon, and ribavirin improves thrombocytopenia and liver injury in rats with fibrosis. Ann Hepatol. 2007 Oct-Dec;6(4):233-41.


However, danazol + PEG-IFN + ribavirin reduced the expression of IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha and transforming growth factor ss.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18006644 Fu Y, Zheng S, Lin J, Ryerse J, Chen A: Curcumin protects the rat liver from CCl4-caused injury and fibrogenesis by attenuating oxidative stress and suppressing inflammation. Mol Pharmacol. 2008 Feb;73(2):399-409. Epub 2007 Nov 15.

The current study evaluates the in vivo role of curcumin in protecting the liver against injury and fibrogenesis caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl (4)) in rats and further explores the underlying mechanisms.
Curcumin dramatically suppresses inflammation by reducing levels of inflammatory cytokines, including interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15632045 Joseph B, Bhargava KK, Tronco GG, Kumaran V, Palestro CJ, Gupta S: Regulation of hepatobiliary transport activity and noninvasive identification of cytokine-dependent liver inflammation. J Nucl Med. 2005 Jan;46(1):146-52.

In vitro assays showed impairment in (99m) Tc-mebrofenin excretion after incubation of cultured hepatocytes with interleukin-6 and further impairment with interleukin-6 plus tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
METHODS: To demonstrate regulation of hepatobiliary transport in disease, we used (99m) Tc-mebrofenin in a carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury model in Fischer 344 rats.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19443073 Lafdil F, Chobert MN, Deveaux V, Zafrani ES, Mavier P, Nakano T, Laperche Y, Brouillet A: Growth arrest-specific protein 6 deficiency impairs liver tissue repair after acute toxic hepatitis in mice. J Hepatol. 2009 Jul;51(1):55-66. Epub 2009 Apr 22.

METHODS: Toxic hepatitis was induced by a single carbon tetrachloride injection in Gas6 deficient (Gas6 (-/-)) mice and liver recovery was compared with wild-type animals.
At 72 h, an efficient tissue repair was observed in wild-type animals whereas in Gas6 (-/-) mice, we noticed a defective wound healing accounted by reduced Kupffer cell activation revealed by a decrease in the induction of CD14, TNF-alpha, IL6 and MCP-1.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18815054 Shibata H, Yoshioka Y, Ohkawa A, Abe Y, Nomura T, Mukai Y, Nakagawa S, Taniai M, Ohta T, Mayumi T, Kamada H, Tsunoda S, Tsutsumi Y: The therapeutic effect of TNFR1-selective antagonistic mutant TNF-alpha in murine hepatitis models. Cytokine. 2008 Nov;44(2):229-33. Epub 2008 Sep 23.

In this study, we examined the therapeutic effect of R1antTNF in acute hepatitis using two independent experimental models, induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl (4)) or concanavalin A (ConA).
In a ConA-induced T-cell-mediated hepatitis model, R1antTNF also inhibited the production of serum immune activated markers such as IL-2 and IL-6.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17009398 Salazar-Montes A, Ruiz-Corro L, Sandoval-Rodriguez A, Lopez-Reyes A, Armendariz-Borunda J: Increased DNA binding activity of NF-kappaB, STAT-3, SMAD3 and AP-1 in acutely damaged liver. World J Gastroenterol. 2006 Oct 7;12(37):5995-6001.


CONCLUSION: TNF-alpha and IL-6 play a central role in hepatic regeneration.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20128048 Wu SJ, Tam KW, Tsai YH, Chang CC, Chao JC: Curcumin and saikosaponin a inhibit chemical-induced liver inflammation and fibrosis in rats. Am J Chin Med. 2010;38(1):99-111.

Carbon tetrachloride (40% in olive oil) at a dose of 0.75 ml/kg was injected intraperitoneally once a week.
Hepatic proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and interleukin-6 were significantly inhibited, and anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 was significantly increased by supplementation with curcumin and/or saikosaponin A.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16233854 Takeda M, Yamamoto M, Isoda K, Higashiyama S, Hirose M, Ohgushi H, Kawase M, Yagi K: Availability of bone marrow stromal cells in three-dimensional coculture with hepatocytes and transplantation into liver-damaged mice. J Biosci Bioeng. 2005 Jul;100(1):77-81.

The HA disks coculturing mice hepatocytes and BMSCs were also implanted into mice, in which liver damage had been induced using carbon tetrachloride and phenobarbital.
The serum level of IL-6 in liver-damaged mice was also increased by the cotransplantation of BMSCs and hepatocytes.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16941689 Guarner C, Gonzalez-Navajas JM, Sanchez E, Soriando G, Frances R, Chiva M, Zapater P, Benlloch S, Munoz C, Pascual S, Balanzo J, Perez-Mateo M, Such J: The detection of bacterial DNA in blood of rats with CCl4-induced cirrhosis with ascites represents episodes of bacterial translocation. Hepatology. 2006 Sep;44(3):633-9.


MLNs and ascitic and pleural fluids were collected at laparotomy and cultured; samples were collected for identification of bactDNA and measurement of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and nitric oxide (NO).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19575449 Yovchev MI, Zhang J, Neufeld DS, Grozdanov PN, Dabeva MD: Thymus cell antigen-1-expressing cells in the oval cell compartment. Hepatology. 2009 Aug;50(2):601-11.


We characterized these cells in normal liver, in carbon tetrachloride-injured liver, and in several models of OC activation.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
17904177 Yamaji K, Ohnishi K, Zuinen R, Ochiai Y, Chikuma T, Hojo H: Interleukin-6 production by peritoneal mesothelial cells and its regulation by inflammatory factors in rats administered carbon tetrachloride intraperitoneally. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2008 Jan 1;226(1):38-45. Epub 2007 Aug 24.
91(1,1,2,6) Details
18371088 Rio A, Gassull MA, Aldeguer X, Ojanguren I, Cabre E, Fernandez E: Reduced liver injury in the interleukin-6 knockout mice by chronic carbon tetrachloride administration. Eur J Clin Invest. 2008 May;38(5):306-16. Epub 2008 Mar 26.
52(0,1,4,7) Details
17374462 Zuinen R, Yamaji K, Aoki M, Chikuma T, Hojo H: Early induced, high-level interleukin-6 expression in the rat peritoneal cavity into which a hepatotoxicant carbon tetrachloride was administered. Toxicol Lett. 2007 Apr 5;170(1):42-8. Epub 2007 Feb 20.
18(0,0,2,8) Details