Protein Information

Name alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
Synonyms 2 ketoglutarate dehydrogenase deficiency; 2 oxoglutarate dehydrogenase E1 component; AKGDH; Alpha KGD deficiency; Alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase; Alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase deficiency; E1K; OGDC…

Compound Information

Name rotenone
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
11124972 Tretter L, Adam-Vizi V: Inhibition of Krebs cycle enzymes by hydrogen peroxide: A key role of [alpha]-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase in limiting NADH production under oxidative stress. J Neurosci. 2000 Dec 15;20(24):8972-9.

BCNU-insensitive decline by H (2) O (2) in the rotenone-induced NAD (P) H fluorescence correlated with inhibition of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase.
83(1,1,1,3) Details
14607783 Peterside IE, Selak MA, Simmons RA: Impaired oxidative phosphorylation in hepatic mitochondria in growth-retarded rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Dec;285(6):E1258-66.

Rotenone-sensitive NADH-O2 oxidoreductase activity was similar in control and IUGR mitochondria at all ages, showing that the defect responsible for decreased pyruvate, glutamate, and alpha-ketoglutarate oxidation in IUGR liver precedes the electron transport chain and involves pyruvate and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenases.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
9525878 Rodriguez-Zavala JS, Moreno-Sanchez R: Modulation of oxidative phosphorylation by Mg2+ in rat heart mitochondria. . J Biol Chem. 1998 Apr 3;273(14):7850-5.

The effect of varying the Mg2+ concentration on the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (2-OGDH) activity and the rate of oxidative phosphorylation of rat heart mitochondria was studied.
Half-maximal stimulation (K0.5) of ATP synthesis by Mg2+ was obtained with 0.13 +/- 0.02 mM (n = 7) with succinate (+rotenone) and 0.48 +/- 0.13 mM (n = 6) with 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) as substrates.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
10386974 Chinopoulos C, Tretter L, Adam-Vizi V: Depolarization of in situ mitochondria due to hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in nerve terminals: inhibition of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. J Neurochem. 1999 Jul;73(1):220-8.

When complex I of the respiratory chain was inhibited by rotenone (2 microM), delta psi (m) was unaltered, but on subsequent addition of H2O2, delta psi (m) started to decrease and collapsed during incubation with 0.5 mM H2O2 for 12 min.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
15356189 Starkov AA, Fiskum G, Chinopoulos C, Lorenzo BJ, Browne SE, Patel MS, Beal MF: Mitochondrial alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex generates reactive oxygen species. J Neurosci. 2004 Sep 8;24(36):7779-88.

In the absence of ADP or in the presence of rotenone, H (2) O (2) production rates correlated with the reduction level of mitochondrial NADPH with various substrates, with the exception of alpha-ketoglutarate.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19526285 Mallajosyula JK, Chinta SJ, Rajagopalan S, Nicholls DG, Andersen JK: Metabolic control analysis in a cellular model of elevated MAO-B: relevance to Parkinson's disease. Neurotox Res. 2009 Oct;16(3):186-93. Epub 2009 Mar 5.


We previously demonstrated that spare respiratory capacity of the TCA cycle enzyme alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH) was completely abolished upon increasing levels of MAO-B activity in a dopaminergic cell model system (Kumar et al., J Biol Chem 278:46432-46439, 2003).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16667685 Pascal N, Dumas R, Douce R: Comparison of the Kinetic Behavior toward Pyridine Nucleotides of NAD-Linked Dehydrogenases from Plant Mitochondria. Plant Physiol. 1990 Sep;94(1):189-193.

In this article we compare the kinetic behavior toward pyridine nucleotides (NAD (+), NADH) of NAD (+)-malic enzyme, pyruvate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and glycine decarboxylase extracted from pea (Pisum sativum) leaf and potato (Solanum tuberosum) tuber mitochondria.
It is suggested that NAD (+)-linked malic enzyme, when fully activated, is able to raise the matricial NADH level up to the required concentration to fully engage the rotenone-resistant internal NADH-dehydrogenase, whose affinity for NADH is weaker than complex I.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8630091 McNaught KS, Thull U, Carrupt PA, Altomare C, Cellamare S, Carotti A, Testa B, Jenner P, Marsden CD: Effects of isoquinoline derivatives structurally related to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) on mitochondrial respiration. Biochem Pharmacol. 1996 Jun 14;51(11):1503-11.

Isoquinoline derivatives exert 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-like activity as inhibitors of complex I and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity in rat brain mitochondrial fragments.
None of the compounds examined inhibited respiration supported by either succinate + rotenone or tetramethylparaphenylenediamine (TMPD) + ascorbate.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10844979 Obungu VH, Kiaira JK, Olembo NK, Njogu MR: Pathways of glucose catabolism in procyclic Trypanosoma congolense. Indian J Biochem Biophys. 1999 Oct;36(5):305-11.

Studies of respiration on glucose in procyclic Trypanosoma congolense in the presence of rotenone, antimycin, cyanide, salicylhydroxamic acid and malonate have indicated the presence of NADH dehydrogenase, cytochrome b-c1, cytochrome aa3, trypanosome alternate oxidase and NADH fumarate reductase/succinate dehydrogenase pathway that contributes electrons to coenzyme Q of the respiratory chain.
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, NADP (+)-linked malic enzyme, NADH fumarate reductase, malate dehydrogenase, and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and glycerol kinase on the other hand had specific activities greater than 60 nanomoles/min/mg protein.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16678137 Ho HK, Jia Y, Coe KJ, Gao Q, Doneanu CE, Hu Z, Bammler TK, Beyer RP, Fausto N, Bruschi SA, Nelson SD: Cytosolic heat shock proteins and heme oxygenase-1 are preferentially induced in response to specific and localized intramitochondrial damage by tetrafluoroethylcysteine. Biochem Pharmacol. 2006 Jun 28;72(1):80-90. Epub 2006 Mar 29.

Previously, S-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl)-l-cysteine (TFEC) was shown to mediate cytotoxicity by covalently modifying a well-defined group of intramitochondrial proteins including aconitase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (alphaKGDH) subunits, heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) and mitochondrial HSP70 (mtHSP70).
Results of these studies revealed a HSP response that was significantly stronger than other well-characterized hepatotoxicants including acetaminophen, diquat and rotenone.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8786242 Xu DP, Wells WW: alpha-Lipoic acid dependent regeneration of ascorbic acid from dehydroascorbic acid in rat liver mitochondria. J Bioenerg Biomembr. 1996 Feb;28(1):77-85.

Electron transport inhibitors, rotenone and antimycin A, further enhanced the dehydroascorbic acid reduction.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase reduced dehydroascorbic acid to ascorbic acid in an alpha-lipoic acid, coenzyme A, and pyruvate or alpha-ketoglutarate dependent fashion.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8417013 Zaidan E, Sims NR: Selective reductions in the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in mitochondria isolated from brain subregions following forebrain ischemia in rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1993 Jan;13(1):98-104.


No significant changes were observed in the activity of two other mitochondrial markers, rotenone-sensitive NADH-cytochrome c oxidoreductase and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
16781453 Fedotcheva NI, Sokolov AP, Kondrashova MN: Nonezymatic formation of succinate in mitochondria under oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med. 2006 Jul 1;41(1):56-64. Epub 2006 Mar 13.


H (2) O (2) and menadione as an inductor of reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused the formation of CO (2) in the presence of sodium azide and the production of succinate, fumarate, and malate in the presence of rotenone.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
10425713 Obungu VH, Kiaira JK, Njogu RM, Olembo NK: Catabolism of proline by procyclic culture forms of Trypanosoma congolense. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 1999 May;123(1):59-65.

Rotenone had no effect on the rate of respiration except when the intact cells were first permeabilized by digitonin after which rotenone decreased the rate of respiration by 20-30%.
Enzymes involved in the catabolism of proline with high activities were: proline dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, fumarase, NADP-linked malic enzyme, alanine aminotransferase and malate dehydrogenase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details