Protein Information

Name calmodulin
Synonyms CALM; CAM; CALM 1; CALM 2; CALM 3; CALM1; CALM2; CALM3…

Compound Information

Name rotenone
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
2943316 Kitagawa T, Akamatsu Y: Control of membrane permeability by external ATP in mammalian cells: isolation of an ATP-resistant variant from Chinese hamster ovary cells. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1986 Aug 21;860(2):185-93.

We previously demonstrated that in CHO-K1 cells an ATP-dependent permeability change was induced in the presence of a mitochondrial inhibitor (KCN or rotenone), a cytoskeleton-attacking agent (vinblastine) and a calmodulin antagonist (trifluoperazine).
31(0,1,1,1) Details
6329280 Suematsu E, Hirata M, Kuriyama H: Effects of cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinases, and calmodulin on Ca2+ uptake by highly purified sarcolemmal vesicles of vascular smooth muscle. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1984 Jun 13;773(1):83-90.

In these fractions, there was a high activity of 5'-nucleotidase, a putative marker enzyme of plasma membrane, and a low activity of rotenone insensitive NADH-cytochrome c reductase a marker of sarcoplasmic reticulum.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
2138089 Chambers JP, Kumar P, Tsin AT, Valdes JJ: Partial characterization of a high affinity [Ca2+ + Mg2+]-dependent adenosinetriphosphatase from bovine retina. Exp Eye Res. 1990 Feb;50(2):127-34.

Calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine and calmidazolium reduced significantly Ca2+ stimulated, Mg2+ dependent ATP hydrolysis.
With the exception of rotenone which inhibited ATP hydrolysis approximately 25%; retinal adenosinetriphosphatase activity was insensitive to mitochondrial inhibitors (NaN3, KCN, ruthenium red and oligomycin).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
2997289 Brazy PC, Trellis DR, Klotman PE: Bradykinin stimulation of oxidative metabolism in renal cortical tubules from rabbit. J Clin Invest. 1985 Nov;76(5):1812-8.


This stimulation was prevented by calcium-free media or by the addition of inhibitors of calcium transport, calcium-calmodulin complex formation, Na,K-ATPase activity, mitochondrial respiration, and phospholipase activity.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9140810 Haworth RA, Biggs AV: Effect of ATP depletion on kinetics of Na/Ca exchange-mediated Ca influx in Na-loaded heart cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1997 Feb;29(2):503-14.


These kinetics are consistent with regulation of the putative calmodulin binding site on the exchanger.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15627517 Lee CS, Park SY, Ko HH, Song JH, Shin YK, Han ES: Inhibition of MPP+-induced mitochondrial damage and cell death by trifluoperazine and W-7 in PC12 cells. Neurochem Int. 2005 Jan;46(2):169-78.

Calmodulin antagonists (trifluoperazine, W-7 and calmidazolium) at 0.5-1 microM significantly reduced the loss of cell viability in PC12 cells treated with 500 microM MPP+.
Calmodulin antagonists (0.5-1 microM) significantly reduced rotenone-induced mitochondrial damage and cell death, whereas they did not attenuate cell death and elevation of intracellular Ca2+ levels due to H2O2 or ionomycin.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3986199 Kitagawa T, Akamatsu Y: Reciprocal effects of phenothiazines and naphthalene sulfonamides on the external ATP-dependent permeability change in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1985 Apr 26;815(1):25-32.

Since trifluoperazine is known to interact with calmodulin and to inhibit calmodulin-dependent cellular functions, these results may indicate that calmodulin associated with the cytoskeleton plays an important role in control of the permeability change, although nonspecific perturbation by the drug of the membranes cannot be ruled out.
We have previously demonstrated that the external ATP-dependent permeability change was induced in Chinese hamster ovary cells, CHO-K1, only in the presence of a mitochondrial inhibitor (rotenone, KCN) or a cytoskeleton-attacking agent, vinblastine (Kitagawa, T. and Akamatsu, Y.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
6256363 Garbers DL: The elevation of cyclic AMP concentrations in flagella-less sea urchin sperm heads. J Biol Chem. 1981 Jan 25;256(2):620-4.

The decline in ATP concentrations was slightly more rapid in the presence of rotenone, suggestive of some ATP synthetic capabilities of the isolated head preparation. 45Ca2+ uptake was increased by Nigericin elevated pH, and A23187 but was not appreciably altered by monensin.
The isolated heads contained appreciable adenylate cyclase, cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase, cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase, guanylate cyclase, cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, and calmodulin.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
6138103 Kravtsov GM, Pokudin NI, Gulak PV, Orlov SN: [Mechanisms of calcium transport in brain synaptosomes as affected by depolarization]. Biokhimiia. 1983 Aug;48(8):1249-55.

The decrease of the intracellular concentration of Ca2+ in depolarized nerve endings is mainly caused by the calmodulin-dependent Ca,Mg-ATPase of synaptolemma and mitochondria.
A comparison of the kinetic parameters of Ca-transport systems in brain microsomes and mitochondria and the data on extensive inhibition of 45Ca uptake by rotenone and oligomycin suggest that mitochondria play a key role in the control of intraterminal concentration of Ca2+ during nerve impulse conduction.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19103678 Dedkova EN, Blatter LA: Characteristics and function of cardiac mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase. J Physiol. 2009 Feb 15;587(Pt 4):851-72. Epub 2008 Dec 22.


Collapsing the mitochondrial membrane potential with the protonophore FCCP or blocking the mitochondrial Ca (2+) uniporter with Ru360 as well as blocking the respiratory chain with rotenone or antimycin A in combination with oligomycin inhibited mitochondrial NO production.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
16292513 Lee SJ, Youn YC, Han ES, Lee CS: Depressant effect of mitochondrial respiratory complex inhibitors on proteasome inhibitor-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death in PC12 cells. Neurochem Res. 2005 Sep;30(9):1191-200.


The addition of rotenone (inhibitor of respiratory complex I), 3-nitropropionic acid (complex II inhibitor), harmine (inhibitor of complexes I and II) and cyclosporin A (CsA, an inhibitor of the mitochondrial permeability transition) reduced the nuclear damage, loss in the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, cytosolic accumulation of cytochrome c, activation of caspase-3, increase in the formation of reactive oxygen species and depletion of GSH in differentiated PC12 cells treated with MG132, a proteasome inhibitor.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
8232281 Mehrotra S, Viswanathan PN, Kakkar P: Influence of some biological response modifiers on swelling of rat liver mitochondria in vitro. Mol Cell Biochem. 1993 Jul 21;124(2):101-6.


The uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport chain blockers such as dinitrophenol (DNP), antimycin-A and rotenone reduced swelling and the respiratory inhibitors KCN and sodium azide completely abolished it.
0(0,0,0,0) Details