Protein Information

Name glutaminase
Synonyms GA; Phosphate activated glutaminase; glutaminase; GLS; GLS 2; GLS2; Glutaminase I; L glutamine amidohydrolase…

Compound Information

Name rotenone
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
708783 Joseph SK, McGivan JD: The effect of ammonium chloride and glucagon on the metabolism of glutamine in isolated liver cells from starved rats. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1978 Sep 21;543(1):16-28.

It is suggested that both ammonium chloride and glucagon exert their effects on glutamine metabolism by increasing the effective activity of mitochondrial glutaminase (EC 3.5.1.2.).
The effective activation of glutamine hydrolysis by ammonimum chloride in intact mitochondria was partially inhibited by rotenone and was abolished by uncoupling agents. 4.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1684269 Osbakken M, Zhang DN, Nelson D, Erecinska M: Effect of cyclocreatine feeding on levels of amino acids in rat hearts before and after an ischemic episode. Am J Physiol. 1991 Dec;261(6 Pt 2):H1919-26.

In the presence of rotenone and aminooxyacetate, heart homogenates catalyzed production of glutamate from glutamine, which was markedly stimulated by Pi and inhibited by H+.
It is postulated that 1) phosphate-activated glutaminase is an important enzyme that determines cardiac [glutamate], 2) lower [phosphate] in hearts from rats fed cyclocreatine is responsible for the apparently lesser activity of glutaminase, 3) breakdown of the high-energy phosphate compounds and consequent rise in Pi activates glutaminase, and 4) slow breakdown of glutamine during global ischemia is a result of inhibition of glutaminase by H+.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
6487648 Strzelecki T, Schoolwerth AC: The significance of the attachment of rat kidney glutaminase to the inner mitochondrial membrane. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1984 Oct 16;801(3):334-41.

As opposed to the data obtained in sonicated mitochondria, the kinetics of phosphate-dependent glutaminase in 0.03% Triton X-100-treated mitochondria agreed quite well with those obtained in intact, rotenone-inhibited and metabolically active mitochondria.
36(0,1,1,6) Details
961871 Tannen RL, Kunin AS: Effect of potassium on ammoniagenesis by renal mitochondria. . Am J Physiol. 1976 Jul;231(1):44-51.

When rotenone is added to the medium, increased ammoniagenesis is still detected, indicating that either glutamine entry into the mitochondria and/or the activity of phosphate-dependent glutaminase are critical rate-controlling steps.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
5530189 Kovacevic Z, McGivan JD, Chappell JB: Conditions for activity of glutaminase in kidney mitochondria. . Biochem J. 1970 Jun;118(2):265-74.

When the mitochondria were suspended in a medium containing glutamine, P (i) and rotenone the rate of production of ammonia was stimulated by the addition of a substrate, e.g. succinate.
6(0,0,0,6) Details
12662 Tannen RL, Kunin AS: Effect of pH on ammonia production by renal mitochondria. . Am J Physiol. 1976 Dec;231(6):1631-7.

Similar results were obtained with rotenone in the media, both with chronic acidosis and with acidosis of 3 h duration, indicating that increased glutamine entry and/or phosphate-dependent glutaminase (PDG) activity accounts for the increased ammoniagenesis.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
1546970 Nelson D, Rumsey WL, Erecinska M: Glutamine catabolism by heart muscle. Biochem J. 1992 Mar 1;282 ( Pt 2):559-64.

Properties of phosphate-activated glutaminase..
Rat heart homogenates catabolized glutamine in the presence of rotenone, an inhibitor of the respiratory chain. 2.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
15535970 Haslett MR, Pink D, Walters B, Brosnan ME: Assay and subcellular localization of pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase in rat liver. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2004 Nov 18;1675(1-3):81-6.

A spectrophotometric assay for P5CDh was shown to be valid if rotenone was included in the assay to prevent reoxidation of NADH.
P5CDh is enriched only in the mitochondrial fractions, as are the mitochondrial enzymes, succinate cytochrome c reductase, proline oxidase, glutaminase, and ornithine aminotransferase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
22551 Willis RC, Seegmiller JE: The inhibition by 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine of glutamine catabolism of the cultured human lymphoblast. J Cell Physiol. 1977 Dec;93(3):375-82.


The exposure of cells to DON ihibits over 95% of the glutaminase activity measured in lysates in the presence of either phosphate or maleate.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2690640 Sastrasinh S, Sastrasinh M: Glutamine transport in submitochondrial particles. Am J Physiol. 1989 Dec;257(6 Pt 2):F1050-8.


Phosphate-dependent glutaminase activity in SMP was only 0.04% of that in intact mitochondria.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
4722898 Crompton M, Chappell JB: Transport of glutamine and glutamate in kidney mitochondria in relation to glutamine deamidation. Biochem J. 1973 Jan;132(1):35-46.


The phosphate-dependent glutaminase activity of intact mitochondria is stimulated by the provision of energy. 5.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
6572560 Abou-Khalil WH, Yunis AA, Abou-Khalil S: Prominent glutamine oxidation activity in mitochondria of hematopoietic tumors. Cancer Res. 1983 May;43(5):1990-3.


Oxypolarographic tests showed the following. (a) Presence of a prominent glutaminase activity in erythroleukemia and chloroma mitochondria is evidenced by their active glutamine-supported respiratory state 3. (b) Glutamine oxidation is mediated through a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-linked reaction inhibited by rotenone. (c) Under similar conditions, mitochondria isolated from rabbit bone marrow have shown a feeble glutamine oxidation activity, while in mitochondria from rat liver the activity was not detectable and in those from rat kidney it was prominent as expected. (d) The determination of apparent Km and Vmax values for substrate-supported adenosine triphosphate formation has shown 8- to 10-fold lower Km values for glutamine oxidation as compared to that of glutamate, with virtually the same Vmax for each substrate in each mitochondria.
0(0,0,0,0) Details