Protein Information

Name p22 phox
Synonyms CYBA; Cytochrome B(558) alpha chain; Cytochrome b 245 alpha chain; Cytochrome b 245 light chain; Cytochrome b558 alpha subunit; Cytochrome b558 subunit alpha; Flavocytochrome b 558 alpha polypeptide; Neutrophil cytochrome b 22 kDa polypeptide…

Compound Information

Name rotenone
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
18638544 Rathore R, Zheng YM, Niu CF, Liu QH, Korde A, Ho YS, Wang YX: Hypoxia activates NADPH oxidase to increase [ROS] i and [Ca2+] i through the mitochondrial ROS-PKCepsilon signaling axis in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Free Radic Biol Med. 2008 Nov 1;45(9):1223-31. Epub 2008 Jun 21.

In this study, using Western blot analysis we found that the major Nox subunits Nox1, Nox4, p22 (phox), p47 (phox), and p67 (phox) were equivalently expressed in mouse pulmonary and systemic (mesenteric) arteries.
Inhibition of mitochondrial ROS generation with rotenone or myxothiazol prevented hypoxic activation of Nox.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12388366 Parinandi NL, Kleinberg MA, Usatyuk PV, Cummings RJ, Pennathur A, Cardounel AJ, Zweier JL, Garcia JG, Natarajan V: Hyperoxia-induced NAD (P) H oxidase activation and regulation by MAP kinases in human lung endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2003 Jan;284(1):L26-38. Epub 2002 Jul 26.

Exposure of HPAECs to hyperoxia for 1, 3, and 12 h increased the generation of superoxide anion, which was blocked by diphenyleneiodonium but not by rotenone or oxypurinol.
Immunohistocytochemistry and Western blotting revealed the presence of gp91, p67 phox, p22 phox, and p47 phox subcomponents of NADPH oxidase in HPAECs.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
11812764 Kim YK, Lee MS, Son SM, Kim IJ, Lee WS, Rhim BY, Hong KW, Kim CD: Vascular NADH oxidase is involved in impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation in OLETF rats, a model of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2002 Feb;51(2):522-7.

In line with these results, studies using various enzyme inhibitors, such as DPI, allopurinol, rotenone, N (G)-monomethyl-L-arginine, and indomethacin, suggest that the predominant source of superoxide anion in vascular particulate fraction is NADH-dependent membrane-bound oxidase.
Furthermore, the expression of p22phox, a major component of vascular NAD (P) H oxidase, was markedly increased in the aorta from OLETF rats compared with that of LETO rats.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
16762927 Hidalgo C, Sanchez G, Barrientos G, Aracena-Parks P: A transverse tubule NADPH oxidase activity stimulates calcium release from isolated triads via ryanodine receptor type 1 S -glutathionylation. J Biol Chem. 2006 Sep 8;281(36):26473-82. Epub 2006 Jun 8.

Western blot analysis revealed that isolated triads contained the integral membrane subunits gp91 (phox) and p22 (phox), which were markedly enriched in isolated transverse tubules but absent from junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles.
NADPH or NADH elicited superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide generation by isolated triads; both activities were inhibited by NOX inhibitors but not by rotenone.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12615666 Ungvari Z, Csiszar A, Edwards JG, Kaminski PM, Wolin MS, Kaley G, Koller A: Increased superoxide production in coronary arteries in hyperhomocysteinemia: role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, NAD (P) H oxidase, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003 Mar 1;23(3):418-24. Epub 2003 Feb 13.

METHODS AND RESULTS: The increased generation of O2*- by HHcy coronary arteries was inhibited by SOD, diphenyleneiodonium, apocynin, and apocynin plus amino guanidine but was unaffected by allopurinol and rotenone.
Expression of p67phox, p22phox, and p47phox subunits and that of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, extracellular SOD (mRNA), and xanthine oxidase was unchanged.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11910303 Pettit AI, Wong RK, Lee V, Jennings S, Quinn PA, Ng LL: Increased free radical production in hypertension due to increased expression of the NADPH oxidase subunit p22 (phox) in lymphoblast cell lines. J Hypertens. 2002 Apr;20(4):677-83.

The ROS production was abolished by diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI) but not by rotenone, indicating that a non-mitochondrial flavoprotein such as NADPH oxidase is the source of ROS.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
10393927 Archer SL, Reeve HL, Michelakis E, Puttagunta L, Waite R, Nelson DP, Dinauer MC, Weir EK: O2 sensing is preserved in mice lacking the gp91 phox subunit of NADPH oxidase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Jul 6;96(14):7944-9.

In wild-type lungs, gp91 phox and p22 phox subunits are present (relative expression: macrophages > airways and veins > PASMCs).
Inhibitors of NADPH oxidase (diphenyleneiodonium) and mitochondrial complex 1 (rotenone) both inhibit PASMC whole-cell K+ current but lack the specificity to identify the O2-sensor pathway.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19114648 Chan SH, Wu KL, Chang AY, Tai MH, Chan JY: Oxidative impairment of mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes in rostral ventrolateral medulla contributes to neurogenic hypertension. Hypertension. 2009 Feb;53(2):217-27. Epub 2008 Dec 29.

This mobile electron carrier also antagonized the elevated H (2) O (2) in RVLM and vasopressor responses to complex I (rotenone) or III (antimycin A) inhibitor in Wistar-Kyoto or prehypertensive rats.
Intracerebroventricular infusion of angiotensin II promoted mitochondrial ETC dysfunctions in Wistar-Kyoto rats, and coenzyme Q (10) or gene knockdown of the p22 (phox) subunit of NADPH oxidase antagonized the resultant elevation of H (2) O (2) in RVLM.
1(0,0,0,1) Details