Protein Information

Name quinone reductase
Synonyms Quinone oxidoreductase; Crystallin zeta; Zeta crystallin; Crystallin zetas; Quinone oxidoreductases; Zeta crystallins; CRYZ; Zeta crystalline…

Compound Information

Name rotenone
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
2050655 Yagi T: Bacterial NADH-quinone oxidoreductases. . J Bioenerg Biomembr. 1991 Apr;23(2):211-25.

The NADH-ubiquinone-1 reductase activities of NDH-1 are inhibited by rotenone, capsaicin, and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
9729897 Matsuo M, Endo T, Asada K: Isolation of a novel NAD (P) H-quinone oxidoreductase from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803. Plant Cell Physiol. 1998 Jul;39(7):751-5.

The activity was inhibited by thiolmodifying reagents, but not by rotenone, amobarbital, salicylhydroxamic acid, dicumarol, flavone, or diphenyleneiodonium chloride.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19366681 Hoffman DL, Brookes PS: Oxygen sensitivity of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation depends on metabolic conditions. J Biol Chem. 2009 Jun 12;284(24):16236-45. Epub 2009 Apr 14.


From such data, the apparent Km for O2 of putative ROS-generating sites within mitochondria was estimated as follows: 0.2, 0.9, 2.0, and 5.0 microM O2 for the complex I flavin site, complex I electron backflow, complex III QO site, and electron transfer flavoprotein quinone oxidoreductase of beta-oxidation, respectively.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
3378042 Yagi T, Hon-nami K, Ohnishi T: Purification and characterization of two types of NADH-quinone reductase from Thermus thermophilus HB-8. Biochemistry. 1988 Mar 22;27(6):2008-13.

The NADH-ubiquinone-1 reductase activity of the isolated NADH dehydrogenase 1 was about 14 times higher than that of the dodecyl beta-maltoside extract and partially rotenone sensitive.
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18703762 Audi SH, Merker MP, Krenz GS, Ahuja T, Roerig DL, Bongard RD: Coenzyme Q1 redox metabolism during passage through the rat pulmonary circulation and the effect of hyperoxia. J Appl Physiol. 2008 Oct;105(4):1114-26. Epub 2008 Aug 14.

In normoxic lungs, CoQ (1) H (2) efflux rates when CoQ (1) was infused decreased by 58 and 33% in the presence of rotenone (mitochondrial complex I inhibitor) and dicumarol [NAD (P) H-quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) inhibitor], respectively.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
10354494 Seo BB, Matsuno-Yagi A, Yagi T: Modulation of oxidative phosphorylation of human kidney 293 cells by transfection with the internal rotenone-insensitive NADH-quinone oxidoreductase (NDI1) gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1999 May 26;1412(1):56-65.
37(0,1,2,2) Details
16543240 Seo BB, Nakamaru-Ogiso E, Flotte TR, Matsuno-Yagi A, Yagi T: In vivo complementation of complex I by the yeast Ndi1 enzyme. J Biol Chem. 2006 May 19;281(20):14250-5. Epub 2006 Mar 16.

We have shown previously that the single subunit rotenone-insensitive NADH-quinone oxidoreductase (Ndi1) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria can restore NADH oxidation in complex I-deficient mammalian cells.
32(0,1,1,2) Details
14638429 Palese LL, Gaballo A, Technikova-Dobrova Z, Labonia N, Abbrescia A, Scacco S, Micelli L, Papa S: Characterization of plasma membrane respiratory chain and ATPase in the actinomycete Nonomuraea sp. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2003 Nov 21;228(2):233-9.

The respiratory chain is made up of a rotenone-sensitive NADH-quinone oxidoreductase, a four subunits aa3-type cytochrome c oxidase and a bc1 complex.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
11124957 Grivennikova VG, Kapustin AN, Vinogradov AD: Catalytic activity of NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) in intact mitochondria. evidence for the slow active/inactive transition. J Biol Chem. 2001 Mar 23;276(12):9038-44. Epub 2000 Dec 21.

Alamethicin-treated mitochondria catalyzed the rotenone-sensitive NADH-quinone reductase reaction with exogenousely added NADH and quinone-acceptor at the rates expected if the enzyme active sites would be freely accessible for the substrates.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
16934215 Gonzalez B, Martinez S, Chavez JL, Lee S, Castro NA, Dominguez MA, Gomez S, Contreras ML, Kennedy C, Escamilla JE: Respiratory system of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus PAL5. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006 Dec;1757(12):1614-22. Epub 2006 Jul 8.

Strong inhibition by rotenone and capsaicin and resistance to flavone indicated that NADH-quinone oxidoreductase is a NDH-1 type enzyme.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
14561763 Uyemura SA, Luo S, Vieira M, Moreno SN, Docampo R: Oxidative phosphorylation and rotenone-insensitive malate- and NADH-quinone oxidoreductases in Plasmodium yoelii yoelii mitochondria in situ. J Biol Chem. 2004 Jan 2;279(1):385-93. Epub 2003 Oct 15.
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9462835 Kitajima-Ihara T, Yagi T: Rotenone-insensitive internal NADH-quinone oxidoreductase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria: the enzyme expressed in Escherichia coli acts as a member of the respiratory chain in the host cells. FEBS Lett. 1998 Jan 2;421(1):37-40.
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9689052 Seo BB, Kitajima-Ihara T, Chan EK, Scheffler IE, Matsuno-Yagi A, Yagi T: Molecular remedy of complex I defects: rotenone-insensitive internal NADH-quinone oxidoreductase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria restores the NADH oxidase activity of complex I-deficient mammalian cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Aug 4;95(16):9167-71.
12(0,0,2,2) Details
11479321 Bai Y, Hajek P, Chomyn A, Chan E, Seo BB, Matsuno-Yagi A, Yagi T, Attardi G: Lack of complex I activity in human cells carrying a mutation in MtDNA-encoded ND4 subunit is corrected by the Saccharomyces cerevisiae NADH-quinone oxidoreductase (NDI1) gene. J Biol Chem. 2001 Oct 19;276(42):38808-13. Epub 2001 Jul 30.

The gene for the single subunit, rotenone-insensitive, and flavone-sensitive internal NADH-quinone oxidoreductase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (NDI1) can completely restore the NADH dehydrogenase activity in mutant human cells that lack the essential mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-encoded subunit ND4.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
10982813 Seo BB, Wang J, Flotte TR, Yagi T, Matsuno-Yagi A: Use of the NADH-quinone oxidoreductase (NDI1) gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a possible cure for complex I defects in human cells. J Biol Chem. 2000 Dec 1;275(48):37774-8.

The Ndi1 enzyme of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a single subunit rotenone-insensitive NADH-quinone oxidoreductase that is located on the matrix side of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
8(0,0,1,3) Details
11695833 Yagi T, Seo BB, Di Bernardo S, Nakamaru-Ogiso E, Kao MC, Matsuno-Yagi A: NADH dehydrogenases: from basic science to biomedicine. J Bioenerg Biomembr. 2001 Jun;33(3):233-42.

This project involves attempting to repair complex I defects in the mammalian system using Saccharomyces cerevisiae NDI1 genes, which code for the internal, rotenone-insensitive NADH-quinone oxidoreductase.
8(0,0,1,3) Details
17581813 Marella M, Seo BB, Matsuno-Yagi A, Yagi T: Mechanism of cell death caused by complex I defects in a rat dopaminergic cell line. J Biol Chem. 2007 Aug 17;282(33):24146-56. Epub 2007 Jun 20.

We have shown that expression of a rotenone-insensitive yeast NADH-quinone oxidoreductase (Ndi1) can rescue mammalian cells from complex I dysfunction.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
19653878 Barber-Singh J, Seo BB, Nakamaru-Ogiso E, Lau YS, Matsuno-Yagi A, Yagi T: Neuroprotective effect of long-term NDI1 gene expression in a chronic mouse model of Parkinson disorder. Rejuvenation Res. 2009 Aug;12(4):259-67.

Previously, we showed that the internal rotenone-insensitive nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-quinone oxidoreductase (NDI1) gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) can be successfully inserted into the mitochondria of mice and rats and the expressed enzyme was found to be fully functional.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
11604990 Yoshitani SI, Tanaka T, Kohno H, Takashima S: Chemoprevention of azoxymethane-induced rat colon carcinogenesis by dietary capsaicin and rotenone. Int J Oncol. 2001 Nov;19(5):929-39.

Gavage with capsaicin and rotenone significantly elevated phase II enzymes, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and quinone reductase (QR), in the liver and colon.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
12151355 Tanaka T, Kohno H, Sakata K, Yamada Y, Hirose Y, Sugie S, Mori H: Modifying effects of dietary capsaicin and rotenone on 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide-induced rat tongue carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis. 2002 Aug;23(8):1361-7.

In pilot studies, gavage with capsaicin and rotenone elevated the phase II enzymes glutathione S-transferase (GST) and quinone reductase (QR), in the liver and tongue.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
12576057 Gostimskaya IS, Grivennikova VG, Zharova TV, Bakeeva LE, Vinogradov AD: In situ assay of the intramitochondrial enzymes: use of alamethicin for permeabilization of mitochondria. Anal Biochem. 2003 Feb 1;313(1):46-52.

Alamethicin-treated mitochondria show high rotenone-sensitive NADH oxidase, NADH-quinone reductase, and oligomycin-sensitive and carboxyatractylate-insensitive ATPase activities.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
1332758 Finel M, Skehel JM, Albracht SP, Fearnley IM, Walker JE: Resolution of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase from bovine heart mitochondria into two subcomplexes, one of which contains the redox centers of the enzyme. Biochemistry. 1992 Nov 24;31(46):11425-34.

The line shapes of the EPR spectra of the Fe-S clusters are slightly broadened relative to spectra measured on complex I purified by conventional means, and the quinone reductase activity is insensitive to rotenone.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
1874176 MacDonald MJ: Quinone reductase enzyme activity in pancreatic islets. . Endocrinology. 1991 Sep;129(3):1370-4.

The enzyme was not inhibited by rotenone.
6(0,0,0,6) Details
10200266 Au HC, Seo BB, Matsuno-Yagi A, Yagi T, Scheffler IE: The NDUFA1 gene product (MWFE protein) is essential for activity of complex I in mammalian mitochondria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Apr 13;96(8):4354-9.

The MWFE polypeptide of mammalian complex I (the proton-translocating NADH-quinone oxidoreductase) is 70 amino acids long, and it is predicted to be a membrane protein.
Complementation with hamster NDUFA1 cDNA restored the rotenone-sensitive complex I activity of these mutant cells to approximately 100% of the parent cell activity.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12069106 Chan TS, Teng S, Wilson JX, Galati G, Khan S, O'Brien PJ: Coenzyme Q cytoprotective mechanisms for mitochondrial complex I cytopathies involves NAD (P) H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). Free Radic Res. 2002 Apr;36(4):421-7.

In the following, using hepatocytes as a model cell, we have shown for the first time that the cytotoxicity caused by complex I inhibition by rotenone but not that caused by complex III inhibition by antimycin can be prevented by coenzyme Q (CoQ1) or menadione.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9500851 Shimada H, Hirai K, Simamura E, Pan J: Mitochondrial NADH-quinone oxidoreductase of the outer membrane is responsible for paraquat cytotoxicity in rat livers. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1998 Mar 1;351(1):75-81.

The outer membrane fractions, free from the contamination of inner membranes but with a few microsomes, catalyzed rotenone-insensitive NADH, but not NADPH, oxidation by menadione or PQ.
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10097178 Schuler F, Yano T, Di Bernardo S, Yagi T, Yankovskaya V, Singer TP, Casida JE: NADH-quinone oxidoreductase: PSST subunit couples electron transfer from iron-sulfur cluster N2 to quinone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Mar 30;96(7):4149-53.

Complex I and NDH-1 are very sensitive to inhibition by a variety of structurally diverse toxicants, including rotenone, piericidin A, bullatacin, and pyridaben.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
12535666 Chretien D, Benit P, Chol M, Lebon S, Rotig A, Munnich A, Rustin P: Assay of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I in human lymphocytes and cultured skin fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003 Jan 31;301(1):222-4.

Highly contaminating non-mitochondrial NADH-quinone oxidoreductase activity in fibroblasts and the limited access of substrates to complex I in lymphocytes hinder its measurement in permeabilized cells.
The procedure strongly reduces contaminating NADH:quinone oxidoreductase activity and permits measuring high rates of rotenone-sensitive complex I activity thanks to effective cell permeabilization.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17320357 Park JS, Li YF, Bai Y: Yeast NDI1 improves oxidative phosphorylation capacity and increases protection against oxidative stress and cell death in cells carrying a Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy mutation. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 May;1772(5):533-42. Epub 2007 Jan 26.

The NDI1 gene, which encodes the internal NADH-quinone oxidoreductase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was introduced into the nuclear genome of a mitochondrial defective human cell line, Le1.3.1, carrying the G11778A mutation.
In transformant cell lines, LeNDI1-1 and -2, total and complex I-dependent respiration were fully restored and largely resistant to complex I inhibitor, rotenone, indicating a dominant role of NDI1 in the transfer of electrons in the host cells.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18197244 Marella M, Seo BB, Nakamaru-Ogiso E, Greenamyre JT, Matsuno-Yagi A, Yagi T: Protection by the NDI1 gene against neurodegeneration in a rotenone rat model of Parkinson's disease. PLoS One. 2008 Jan 16;3(1):e1433.

It is widely recognized that mitochondrial dysfunction, most notably defects in the NADH-quinone oxidoreductase (complex I), is closely related to the etiology of sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10371157 Galkin AS, Grivennikova VG, Vinogradov AD: --> H+/2e- stoichiometry in NADH-quinone reductase reactions catalyzed by bovine heart submitochondrial particles. FEBS Lett. 1999 May 21;451(2):157-61.

Rotenone, piericidin and thermal deactivation of complex I completely prevented NADH-induced proton translocation in the NADH-endogenous ubiquinone reductase reaction.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1905649 Cenas NK, Bironaite DA, Kulys JJ: On the mechanism of rotenone-insensitive reduction of quinones by mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase. FEBS Lett. 1991 Jun 24;284(2):192-4.

The bimolecular rate constant of the reduction of the enzyme by NADH in the quinone reductase reaction is about 2 times less than that of ferricyanide reductase reaction.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2846570 Krishnamoorthy G, Hinkle PC: Studies on the electron transfer pathway, topography of iron-sulfur centers, and site of coupling in NADH-Q oxidoreductase. J Biol Chem. 1988 Nov 25;263(33):17566-75.

N-Bromosuccinimide also destroyed the signal from N-4 but without inhibiting rotenone-sensitive electron transfer to quinone, suggesting a branched pathway for electron transfer.
On reaction with inhibitors the inhibition of O2- formation was similar to that of ferricyanide reductase rather than quinone reductase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12231169 Seo BB, Nakamaru-Ogiso E, Flotte TR, Yagi T, Matsuno-Yagi A: A single-subunit NADH-quinone oxidoreductase renders resistance to mammalian nerve cells against complex I inhibition. Mol Ther. 2002 Sep;6(3):336-41.

The cells expressing the Ndi1 protein were resistant to known inhibitors of complex I, such as rotenone and pyridaben.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16343695 Choi HJ, Lee SY, Cho Y, No H, Kim SW, Hwang O: Tetrahydrobiopterin causes mitochondrial dysfunction in dopaminergic cells: implications for Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Int. 2006 Mar;48(4):255-62. Epub 2005 Dec 15.

BH4 appears to be different from rotenone and MPP (+), the synthetic compounds used to generate Parkinson models, in its effect on complex IV.
Pretreatment with the sulfhydryl antioxidant N-acetylcysteine or the quinone reductase inducer dimethyl fumarate prevents the ETC inhibition and cytochrome c release following BH4 exposure, suggesting the involvement of quinone products.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8882715 Takahashi T, Okamoto T, Kishi T: Characterization of NADPH-dependent ubiquinone reductase activity in rat liver cytosol: effect of various factors on ubiquinone-reducing activity and discrimination from other quinone reductases. J Biochem. 1996 Feb;119(2):256-63.

Rotenone, malonic acid, antimycin A, and KCN, which inhibit mitochondrial and microsomal electron transfer enzymes, superoxide dismutase, and acetylated cytochrome c had no effect on the NADPH-UQ reductase activity.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10220277 Konishi K, Tanaka T: Inhibitory effects of tannins on the NADH dehydrogenase activity of bovine heart mitochondrial complex I. Biol Pharm Bull. 1999 Mar;22(3):240-3.

NADH-quinone oxidoreductase is classified into two groups, NADH dehydrogenase-1 (NDH-1) and NADH dehydrogenase-2 (NDH-2).
Although many specific inhibitors of NDH-1 (e.g. rotenone and piericidin A) have been reported, the reactive sites are at or near to, the ubiquinone-binding site.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8268305 Kolesova GM, Karnaukhova LV, Segal' NK, Iaguzhinskii LS: [The effect of inhibitors of the Q-cycle on cyano-resistant oxidation of malate by rat liver mitochondria in the presence of menadione]. Biokhimiia. 1993 Oct;58(10):1630-40.

In the presence of dicumarol, i.e., under conditions when CoQ and menadione are reduced by NADH-quinone reductase, the bulk of the electrons pass through the o-center of the Q-cycle.
In the presence of rotenone, when menadione is reduced by DT-diaphorase, the rate of cyano-resistant respiration decreases approximately twofold; its sensitivity towards myxothiazole and antimycin drops down to 40%.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19664596 Ota S, Horigome K, Ishii T, Nakai M, Hayashi K, Kawamura T, Kishino A, Taiji M, Kimura T: Metformin suppresses glucose-6-phosphatase expression by a complex I inhibition and AMPK activation-independent mechanism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009 Oct 16;388(2):311-6. Epub 2009 Aug 5.


Both metformin and rotenone, an inhibitor of respiratory chain complex I, suppressed glucose-6-phosphatase (G6pc), a rate limiting enzyme of liver glucose production, mRNA expression in a rat hepatoma cell line accompanied by a reduction of intracellular ATP concentration and an activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).
0(0,0,0,0) Details
17200125 Yamashita T, Nakamaru-Ogiso E, Miyoshi H, Matsuno-Yagi A, Yagi T: Roles of bound quinone in the single subunit NADH-quinone oxidoreductase (Ndi1) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem. 2007 Mar 2;282(9):6012-20. Epub 2007 Jan 2.

To understand the biochemical basis for the function of the rotenone-insensitive internal NADH-quinone (Q) oxidoreductase (Ndi1), we have overexpressed mature Ndi1 in Escherichia coli membranes.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17954696 Matsumoto J, Sakamoto K, Shinjyo N, Kido Y, Yamamoto N, Yagi K, Miyoshi H, Nonaka N, Katakura K, Kita K, Oku Y: Anaerobic NADH-fumarate reductase system is predominant in the respiratory chain of Echinococcus multilocularis, providing a novel target for the chemotherapy of alveolar echinococcosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008 Jan;52(1):164-70. Epub 2007 Oct 22.


Furthermore, in vitro treatment assays using respiratory chain inhibitors against the NADH-quinone reductase activity of mitochondrial complex I demonstrated that they had a potent ability to kill protoscoleces.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19348888 de Wit LE, Sluiter W: Chapter 9 Reliable assay for measuring complex I activity in human blood lymphocytes and skin fibroblasts. Methods Enzymol. 2009;456:169-81.

To evaluate a deficiency of complex I activity, biochemical measurements based on estimation of the mitochondrial rotenone-sensitive NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity are an important tool.
On the other hand, each of these cell types has disadvantages that hinder its measurement, such as the apparent low enzyme activity of lymphocytes and the highly contaminating nonmitochondrial NADH-quinone oxidoreductase activity of fibroblasts.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1720333 MacDonald MJ: Stimulation of insulin release from pancreatic islets by quinones. Biosci Rep. 1991 Jun;11(3):165-70.

Exogenous quinones may bypass the quinone reductase reaction, as well as many reactions important for exocytosis.
Inhibitors of mitochondrial respiration (rotenone, antimycin A, FCCP and cyanide) and the calcium channel blocker verapamil, did not inhibit CoQ0-induced insulin release.
1(0,0,0,1) Details