Protein Information

Name phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (protein family or complex)
Synonyms PI3 kinase; PI3 kinases; PI3K; Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase; Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinases; Phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphosphate 3 kinase; Phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphosphate 3 kinases

Compound Information

Name rotenone
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
16641227 Hsuan SL, Klintworth HM, Xia Z: Basic fibroblast growth factor protects against rotenone-induced dopaminergic cell death through activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase pathways. J Neurosci. 2006 Apr 26;26(17):4481-91.
225(2,4,4,5) Details
17481595 Hu JH, Zhu XZ: Rotenone-induced neurotoxicity of THP-1 cells requires production of reactive oxygen species and activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Brain Res. 2007 Jun 11;1153:12-9. Epub 2007 Mar 12.
112(1,2,2,2) Details
15111505 Ceolotto G, Bevilacqua M, Papparella I, Baritono E, Franco L, Corvaja C, Mazzoni M, Semplicini A, Avogaro A: Insulin generates free radicals by an NAD (P) H, phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase-dependent mechanism in human skin fibroblasts ex vivo. Diabetes. 2004 May;53(5):1344-51.

Furthermore, insulin-induced O (2)(-) production was attenuated by the NAD (P) H inhibitor apocynin, but not by rotenone or oxypurinol.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
12591985 Chun KH, Kosmeder JW 2nd, Sun S, Pezzuto JM, Lotan R, Hong WK, Lee HY: Effects of deguelin on the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway and apoptosis in premalignant human bronchial epithelial cells. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003 Feb 19;95(4):291-302.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
16378625 Wu CC, Hsu MC, Hsieh CW, Lin JB, Lai PH, Wung BS: Upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 by Epigallocatechin-3-gallate via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and ERK pathways. Life Sci. 2006 May 15;78(25):2889-97. Epub 2005 Dec 27.

The inhibition of intracellular ROS production by N-acetylcysteine (NAC), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and the mitochondrial complex I inhibitor, rotenone, results in a decrease in EGCG-dependent HO-1 expression.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
17885094 Canas N, Valero T, Villarroya M, Montell E, Verges J, Garcia AG, Lopez MG: Chondroitin sulfate protects SH-SY5Y cells from oxidative stress by inducing heme oxygenase-1 via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2007 Dec;323(3):946-53. Epub 2007 Sep 20.

Cell death caused by a combination of 10 microM rotenone plus 1 microM oligomycin-A (Rot/oligo) was also reduced by CS at concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 100 microM; in this toxicity model, maximum protection was achieved at 3 microM (48%).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
11368352 Salsman S, Felts N, Pye QN, Floyd RA, Hensley K: Induction of Akt phosphorylation in rat primary astrocytes by H2O2 occurs upstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase: no evidence for oxidative inhibition of PTEN. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2001 Feb 15;386(2):275-80.

Treatment with rotenone or antimycin A also resulted in increased wortmannin-sensitive Akt phosphorylation, probably by increasing intracellular H2O2 generation by blocking mitochondrial electron transport.
These results suggest that activation of Akt by H2O2 occurs upstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-K) activity in astrocytes.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19131585 Han Z, Varadharaj S, Giedt RJ, Zweier JL, Szeto HH, Alevriadou BR: Mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species mediate heme oxygenase-1 expression in sheared endothelial cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2009 Apr;329(1):94-101. Epub 2009 Jan 8.

Either phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase or mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade inhibitors blocked the HO-1 induction.
The mitochondrial electron transport chain inhibitors, myxothiazol, rotenone, or antimycin A, and the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant peptide, Szeto-Schiller (SS)-31, which scavenges O (2)(*-), hydrogen peroxide (H (2) O (2)), peroxynitrite, and hydroxyl radicals, markedly inhibited the increase in HO-1 expression.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19252273 Shimohama S: Nicotinic receptor-mediated neuroprotection in neurodegenerative disease models. Biol Pharm Bull. 2009 Mar;32(3):332-6.

Nicotine-induced protection was blocked by an alpha7 nAChR antagonist, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, and an Src inhibitor.
Up-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-x could prevent cells from neuronal death induced by beta-amyloid (Abeta), glutamate and rotenone.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12591974 Crowell JA, Steele VE: AKT and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT pathway: important molecular targets for lung cancer prevention and treatment. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003 Feb 19;95(4):252-3.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
17634444 Li Y, Chandrakanthan V, Day ML, O'Neill C: Direct evidence for the action of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate-mediated signal transduction in the 2-cell mouse embryo. Biol Reprod. 2007 Nov;77(5):813-21. Epub 2007 Jul 18.


Inhibitors of 1-o-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3kinase), such as wortmannin and LY 294002, blocked these calcium transients, implicating the generation of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) in autocrine signal transduction in the early embryo.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17360324 Liu Y, Kern JT, Walker JR, Johnson JA, Schultz PG, Luesch H: A genomic screen for activators of the antioxidant response element. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Mar 20;104(12):5205-10. Epub 2007 Mar 12.

Studies with pharmacological inhibitors indicated that 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase C signaling are essential for activity.
Overexpression of these cDNAs conferred partial resistance to hydrogen peroxide or rotenone-induced toxicity, consistent with the induction of antioxidant and phase II detoxification enzymes, which can protect from oxidative stress.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15486067 Kim JH, Chu SC, Gramlich JL, Pride YB, Babendreier E, Chauhan D, Salgia R, Podar K, Griffin JD, Sattler M: Activation of the PI3K/mTOR pathway by BCR-ABL contributes to increased production of reactive oxygen species. Blood. 2005 Feb 15;105(4):1717-23. Epub 2004 Oct 14.

Elevated ROS levels in BCR-ABL-transformed cells were found to be blocked by the mitochondrial complex I inhibitor rotenone as well as the glucose transport inhibitor phloretin, suggesting that the source of increased ROS might be related to increased glucose metabolism.
Glucose metabolism in BCR-ABL-transformed cells is likely to be mediated by activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3'-kinase (PI3K) pathway, which is regulated through this site.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15313408 Lee HY: Molecular mechanisms of deguelin-induced apoptosis in transformed human bronchial epithelial cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 2004 Sep 15;68(6):1119-24.


Increasing evidence has demonstrated that the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway plays an important role in cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, adhesion, invasion, and migration, functions that are critical to cancer cell survival and metastasis.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19737348 Martin R, Hernandez M, Ibeas E, Fuentes L, Salicio V, Arnes M, Nieto ML: Secreted phospholipase A2-IIA modulates key regulators of proliferation on astrocytoma cells. J Neurochem. 2009 Nov;111(4):988-99. Epub 2009 Sep 8.

We found that sPLA (2)-IIA promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, which was abrogated in the presence of allopurinol and DPI, but not by rotenone, discarding mitochondria as a ROS source.
Additionally, Akt, p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase, and S6 ribosomal protein were also phosphorylated upon sPLA (2)-IIA treatment, effect that was abrogated by N-acetylcysteine or LY294002 treatment indicating that ROS and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase are upstream signaling regulators.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16887804 Jiang Q, Yan Z, Feng J: Neurotrophic factors stabilize microtubules and protect against rotenone toxicity on dopaminergic neurons. J Biol Chem. 2006 Sep 29;281(39):29391-400. Epub 2006 Aug 3.

The protective effect of NGF was completely abolished by inhibiting the microtubule-associated protein kinase kinase (MEK) and partially reversed by blocking phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18593368 Yi T, Li H, Wang X, Wu Z: Enhancement radiosensitization of breast cancer cells by deguelin. Cancer Biother Radiopharm. 2008 Jun;23(3):355-62.


OBJECTIVE: Radiation can activate the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway and cannot downregulate survivin expression in breast cancer cells.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11689167 King TD, Bijur GN, Jope RS: Caspase-3 activation induced by inhibition of mitochondrial complex I is facilitated by glycogen synthase kinase-3beta and attenuated by lithium. Brain Res. 2001 Nov 16;919(1):106-14.

To test if the activation state of the cell survival-promoting phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway affects MPP-induced caspase-3 activation, PI3K was inhibited with LY294002, or activated with insulin-like growth factor-1.
To test if these regulatory interactions applied to other mitochondrial complex I inhibitors, cells were treated with rotenone.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
14871987 Lee HY, Suh YA, Kosmeder JW, Pezzuto JM, Hong WK, Kurie JM: Deguelin-induced inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human bronchial epithelial cells. Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Feb 1;10(3):1074-9.


We demonstrated previously that deguelin inhibits proliferation of premalignant human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells, such as 1799 cells and squamous HBE cells, by regulating phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase Akt activity, which is involved in COX-2 expression.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17029596 Hirata Y, Meguro T, Kiuchi K: Differential effect of nerve growth factor on dopaminergic neurotoxin-induced apoptosis. J Neurochem. 2006 Oct;99(2):416-25.


Both rotenone and manganese are possible neurotoxins for a wide variety of cell and neuronal types including dopaminergic neurons and induce apoptosis in various cells.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
17389326 Chen YH, Lin SJ, Lin FY, Wu TC, Tsao CR, Huang PH, Liu PL, Chen YL, Chen JW: High glucose impairs early and late endothelial progenitor cells by modifying nitric oxide-related but not oxidative stress-mediated mechanisms. Diabetes. 2007 Jun;56(6):1559-68. Epub 2007 Mar 26.


Antioxidants including vitamin C, N-acetylcysteine-and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-conjugated superoxide dismutase, and PEG-catalase had no effects, whereas pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, diphenyleneiodonium, apocynin, and rotenone even deteriorated the downregulation of both EPCs.
0(0,0,0,0) Details