Protein Information

Name vascular endothelial growth factor
Synonyms VEGF; VEGF A; VEGFA; VPF; Vascular endothelial growth factor A; Vascular endothelial growth factor A precursor; Vascular permeability factor; vascular endothelial growth factor…

Compound Information

Name rotenone
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
16733097 Isik S, Castillo J, Blochl A, Csoregi E, Schuhmann W: Simultaneous detection of L-glutamate and nitric oxide from adherently growing cells at known distance using disk shaped dual electrodes. Bioelectrochemistry. 2007 Jan;70(1):173-9. Epub 2006 Apr 7.


Ca (2+)-channel inhibitors for testing Ca (2+)-dependence of the release of NO and glutamate, rotenone for inducing oxidative stress and glutamate antagonists for analysing glutamate release.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
19542490 Casals G, Ros J, Sionis A, Davidson MM, Morales-Ruiz M, Jimenez W: Hypoxia induces B-type natriuretic peptide release in cell lines derived from human cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2009 Aug;297(2):H550-5. Epub 2009 Jun 19.

Finally, the treatment of AC16 cells with the HIF-1 inhibitor rotenone in hypoxia inhibited BNP and VEGF release.
82(1,1,1,2) Details
18006827 Xia C, Meng Q, Liu LZ, Rojanasakul Y, Wang XR, Jiang BH: Reactive oxygen species regulate angiogenesis and tumor growth through vascular endothelial growth factor. Cancer Res. 2007 Nov 15;67(22):10823-30.

This elevated ROS production was inhibited by NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenylene iodonium (DPI) and mitochondria electron chain inhibitor rotenone in the cells.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
17764071 Oh SH, Woo JK, Jin Q, Kang HJ, Jeong JW, Kim KW, Hong WK, Lee HY: Identification of novel antiangiogenic anticancer activities of deguelin targeting hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha. Int J Cancer. 2008 Jan 1;122(1):5-14.


Deguelin decreased expression of HIF-1alpha protein and its target genes, such as VEGF, in a subset of cancer cell lines, including H1299 lung cancer cells, and vascular endothelial cells in normoxic and hypoxic conditions.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
12631583 Schafer M, Ewald N, Schafer C, Stapler A, Piper HM, Noll T: Signaling of hypoxia-induced autonomous proliferation of endothelial cells. FASEB J. 2003 Mar;17(3):449-51. Epub 2003 Jan 21.

This proliferative response is independent of adenosine or VEGF.
In cultured endothelial cells of porcine aorta, we analyzed the signaling and compared hypoxia with mitochondrial inhibition by rotenone.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19091749 Liu Y, Veena CK, Morgan JB, Mohammed KA, Jekabsons MB, Nagle DG, Zhou YD: Methylalpinumisoflavone inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) activation by simultaneously targeting multiple pathways. J Biol Chem. 2009 Feb 27;284(9):5859-68. Epub 2008 Dec 17.

At the concentrations that in hibited HIF-1 activation, compound 2 inhibited hypoxic induction of HIF-1 target genes (CDKN1A, GLUT-1, and VEGF), tumor angiogenesis in vitro, cell migration, and chemotaxis.
Mechanistic studies indicate that, unlike rotenone and other mitochondrial inhibitors, compound 2 represents the first small molecule that inhibits HIF-1 activation by simultaneously suppressing mitochondrial respiration and disrupting protein translation in vitro.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20003314 Falk T, Zhang S, Sherman SJ: Vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-B) is up-regulated and exogenous VEGF-B is neuroprotective in a culture model of Parkinson's disease. Mol Neurodegener. 2009 Dec 10;4:49.

In this study, we used a rotenone rat midbrain culture model to identify genes that are changed after addition of the neurotoxin. (1) We challenged rat midbrain cultures with rotenone (20 nM), a pesticide that has been shown to be toxic for dopaminergic neurons and that has been a well-characterized model of PD.
Interestingly transcriptional activation of vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-B) was evident, while vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) levels remained unaltered.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12062197 Agani FH, Pichiule P, Carlos Chavez J, LaManna JC: Inhibitors of mitochondrial complex I attenuate the accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 during hypoxia in Hep3B cells. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2002 May;132(1):107-9.

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a heterodimeric transcription factor that regulates transcriptional activation of several genes that are responsive to oxygen lack, including erythropoietin, vascular endothelial growth factor, various glycolytic enzymes and the GLUT-1 glucose transporter.
Because mitochondria have been postulated to be involved in the regulation of HIF-1, we tested the effects of mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I inhibitors, rotenone and 1-methyl-4-phenylpiridinium (MPP (+)), on hypoxic-induced accumulation of HIF-1 alpha, the regulated component of the dimer.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10854229 Mandriota SJ, Pyke C, Di Sanza C, Quinodoz P, Pittet B, Pepper MS: Hypoxia-inducible angiopoietin-2 expression is mimicked by iodonium compounds and occurs in the rat brain and skin in response to systemic hypoxia and tissue ischemia. Am J Pathol. 2000 Jun;156(6):2077-89.

Neither Ang-2 or VEGF was increased by cyanide or rotenone, suggesting that failure in mitochondrial electron transport is not involved in the oxygen-sensing system that controls their expression.
VEGF was concomitantly increased, whereas expression of Ang-1, Tie-2, and the related receptor Tie-1 was unaltered.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18575727 Lee JH, Lee DH, Lee HS, Choi JS, Kim KW, Hong SS: Deguelin inhibits human hepatocellular carcinoma by antiangiogenesis and apoptosis. Oncol Rep. 2008 Jul;20(1):129-34.


Treatment of HepG2 cells with deguelin for 16 h under hypoxia conditions reduced the expression of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha protein and vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA in a dose-dependent manner.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15180991 Chen K, Thomas SR, Albano A, Murphy MP, Keaney JF Jr: Mitochondrial function is required for hydrogen peroxide-induced growth factor receptor transactivation and downstream signaling. J Biol Chem. 2004 Aug 13;279(33):35079-86. Epub 2004 Jun 4.

Inhibition of mitochondrial function with rotenone, antimycin A, KCN, carbonylcyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone, or oligomycin reproduced this effect, as did generation of mitochondrial DNA-deficient (pseudo-rho (0)) cells.
The impact of mitochondrial function on H (2) O (2)-induced growth factor transactivation was ubiquitous and applied to both the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-2 receptor and the platelet-derived growth factor-beta receptor in endothelium and fibroblasts, respectively.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18208562 Kim JH, Kim JH, Yu YS, Shin JY, Lee HY, Kim KW: Deguelin inhibits retinal neovascularization by down-regulation of HIF-1alpha in oxygen-induced retinopathy. J Cell Mol Med. 2008 Dec;12(6A):2407-15.


Deguelin never affected the transcriptional activity of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1, however, reduced HIF-1 expression, which led to the decrease of vascular endothelial growth factor expression.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19423864 Carriere A, Ebrahimian TG, Dehez S, Auge N, Joffre C, Andre M, Arnal S, Duriez M, Barreau C, Arnaud E, Fernandez Y, Planat-Benard V, Levy B, Penicaud L, Silvestre JS, Casteilla L: Preconditioning by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species improves the proangiogenic potential of adipose-derived cells-based therapy. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009 Jul;29(7):1093-9. Epub 2009 May 7.


METHODS AND RESULTS: The use of pharmacological strategies (mitochondrial inhibitors, antimycin, and rotenone, with or without antioxidants) allowed us to specifically and precisely modulate mitochondrial ROS generation in ADSCs.
0(0,0,0,0) Details