Protein Information

Name phospholipase A2
Synonyms 14 3 3 protein zeta/delta; Phospholipase A2; KCIP 1; Protein kinase C inhibitor protein 1; 14 3 3 protein/cytosolic phospholipase A2; 14 3 3 zeta; FAS; Factor activating exoenzyme S…

Compound Information

Name rotenone
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
213108 Feo F, Canuto RA, Garcea R, Brossa O: The role of lipid-protein interactions in NADH-cytochrome c reductase (rotenone-insensitive) of rat liver mitochondria. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1978 Oct 11;504(1):1-14.

The phospholipid depletion of rat liver mitochondria, induced by acetoneextraction or by digestion with phospholipase A2 or phospholipase C, greatly inhibited the activity of NADH-cytochrome c reductase (rotenone-insensitive).
32(0,1,1,2) Details
8171438 Medrano CJ, Fox DA: Substrate-dependent effects of calcium on rat retinal mitochondrial respiration: physiological and toxicological studies. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1994 Apr;125(2):309-21.

Isolated mitochondria were efficiently coupled; had good respiratory control ratios with the NAD-linked substrates, glutamate or pyruvate plus malate (G/M or P/M), and the FAD-linked substrate, succinate plus rotenone (S/R); and possessed a Na+/Ca2+ exchanger.
Results with G/M suggest that Ca2+ acts on the inner membrane phospholipase A2 to decrease NADH CoQ reductase activity and/or produce a NAD+ leak, whereas with S/R, Ca2+ may inhibit succinate dehydrogenase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7529030 Zulueta JJ, Yu FS, Hertig IA, Thannickal VJ, Hassoun PM: Release of hydrogen peroxide in response to hypoxia-reoxygenation: role of an NAD (P) H oxidase-like enzyme in endothelial cell plasma membrane. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1995 Jan;12(1):41-9.


Furthermore, inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (indomethacin), phospholipase A2 (quinacrine and chlorpromazine), nitric oxide synthase (L-arginine analogs), the mitochondrial electron transport chain (rotenone and cyanide), and cytochrome P-450 (methoxypsoralen) had no or minimal effect on this release.
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2332054 Brustovetsky NN, Amerkhanov ZG, Popova EYu, Konstantinov AA: Reversible inhibition of electron transfer in the ubiquinol. FEBS Lett. 1990 Apr 9;263(1):73-6.


Partial release of the inhibition can be observed upon swelling of the isolated mitochondria in a hypoosmotic medium, the effect being prevented by phospholipase A2 inhibitors.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19737348 Martin R, Hernandez M, Ibeas E, Fuentes L, Salicio V, Arnes M, Nieto ML: Secreted phospholipase A2-IIA modulates key regulators of proliferation on astrocytoma cells. J Neurochem. 2009 Nov;111(4):988-99. Epub 2009 Sep 8.

We found that sPLA (2)-IIA promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, which was abrogated in the presence of allopurinol and DPI, but not by rotenone, discarding mitochondria as a ROS source.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7317523 Agureev AP, Altukhov ND, Mokhova EN, Savel'ev IA: [Activation of the external pathway of NADH oxidation in mitochondria at decreased pH]. Biokhimiia. 1981 Nov;46(11):1945-56.

The results obtained are indicative of an existence of an external pathway of NADH oxidation, which is insensitive to antimycin A and rotenone in skeletal muscle mitochondria.
The external pathway of NADH oxidation in liver mitochondria is sensitive to the inhibitors of phospholipase A2 (nupercaine, EGTA) and the inhibitor of lipid peroxidation (ionole).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8314748 Pastorino JG, Snyder JW, Serroni A, Hoek JB, Farber JL: Cyclosporin and carnitine prevent the anoxic death of cultured hepatocytes by inhibiting the mitochondrial permeability transition. J Biol Chem. 1993 Jul 5;268(19):13791-8.

Cyclosporin A (CyA) and L-carnitine (LC) prevented the killing of cultured hepatocytes by anoxia and rotenone but not by cyanide.
Cell killing by cyanide was prevented when the phospholipase A2 inhibitor butacaine was added together with CyA.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
427130 Kilberg MS, Christensen HN: Electron-transferring enzymes in the plasma membrane of the Ehrlich ascites tumor cell. Biochemistry. 1979 Apr 17;18(8):1525-30.

The activity differed from that of the mitochondria in that it was not inhibited by rotenone or antimycin A.
Detergents such as Triton X-100 or cholate resulted in solubilization of the enzymatic activity, but phospholipase A2 did not.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15255947 Vesce S, Kirk L, Nicholls DG: Relationships between superoxide levels and delayed calcium deregulation in cultured cerebellar granule cells exposed continuously to glutamate. J Neurochem. 2004 Aug;90(3):683-93.

Oxidative stress of mitochondrial origin is readily detectable, as the inhibitors rotenone and antimycin A markedly increase superoxide levels with no effect on cytoplasmic-free Ca2+.
Phospholipase A2 inhibitors decrease the deregulation-related increase in superoxide without protecting against deregulation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11225736 Li YP, Atkins CM, Sweatt JD, Reid MB: Mitochondria mediate tumor necrosis factor-alpha/NF-kappaB signaling in skeletal muscle myotubes. Antioxid Redox Signal. 1999 Spring;1(1):97-104.


We found that activation of NF-kappaB by TNF-alpha was blocked by rotenone or amytal, inhibitors of complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
0(0,0,0,0) Details