Protein Information

Name glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor
Synonyms ATF 1; Atf1; ATF2; ATF 2; Astrocyte derived trophic factor 1; GDNF; Glial cell derived neurotrophic factor; Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor…

Compound Information

Name rotenone
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
18646205 Yang D, Peng C, Li X, Fan X, Li L, Ming M, Chen S, Le W: Pitx3-transfected astrocytes secrete brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and protect dopamine neurons in mesencephalon cultures. J Neurosci Res. 2008 Nov 15;86(15):3393-400.

Incubation with the CM from Pitx3-transfected astrocytes significantly attenuated the rotenone-induced DA neuron injury, and such protection can be significantly blocked by preincubation with antibodies against either BDNF or GDNF, whereas preincubation with purified BDNF or GDNF replicated the neuroprotection against rotenone-induced injury in VM cultures.
42(0,1,2,7) Details
19558709 Ming M, Li X, Fan X, Yang D, Li L, Chen S, Gu Q, Le W: Retinal pigment epithelial cells secrete neurotrophic factors and synthesize dopamine: possible contribution to therapeutic effects of RPE cell transplantation in Parkinson's disease. J Transl Med. 2009 Jun 28;7:53.

RESULTS: We report here: (1) CM from RPE cells can secret trophic factors GDNF and BDNF, and protect DAergic neurons against the 6-OHDA- and rotenone-induced cell injury; (2) cultured RPE cells express L-dopa decarboxylase (DDC) and synthesize DA; (3) RPE cells attached to microcarriers can survive in the host striatum and improve the AIR in 6-OHDA-lesioned animal model of PD; (4) GDNF and BDNF levels are found significantly higher in the RPE cell-grafted tissues.
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15635186 Fujikawa T, Kanada N, Shimada A, Ogata M, Suzuki I, Hayashi I, Nakashima K: Effect of sesamin in Acanthopanax senticosus HARMS on behavioral dysfunction in rotenone-induced parkinsonian rats. Biol Pharm Bull. 2005 Jan;28(1):169-72.

We also examined how sesamin affected the rotenone-induced loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)-positive neurons in the midbrain of rats.
12(0,0,2,2) Details
19909981 Huang R, Ke W, Liu Y, Wu D, Feng L, Jiang C, Pei Y: Gene therapy using lactoferrin-modified nanoparticles in a rotenone-induced chronic Parkinson model. J Neurol Sci. 2010 Mar 15;290(1-2):123-30. Epub 2009 Nov 11.

METHODS AND RESULTS: The neuroprotective effects were examined in a rotenone-induced chronic rat model of PD after treatment with NPs encapsulating human glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor gene (hGDNF) via a regimen of multiple dosing intravenous administration.
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20003314 Falk T, Zhang S, Sherman SJ: Vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-B) is up-regulated and exogenous VEGF-B is neuroprotective in a culture model of Parkinson's disease. Mol Neurodegener. 2009 Dec 10;4:49.

The data of an in vivo protective effect on motor neurons taken together with the presented results demonstrate that VEGF-B is a new candidate trophic factor distinct from the GDNF family of trophic factors.
In this study, we used a rotenone rat midbrain culture model to identify genes that are changed after addition of the neurotoxin. (1) We challenged rat midbrain cultures with rotenone (20 nM), a pesticide that has been shown to be toxic for dopaminergic neurons and that has been a well-characterized model of PD.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18452993 Cho HS, Kim S, Lee SY, Park JA, Kim SJ, Chun HS: Protective effect of the green tea component, L-theanine on environmental toxins-induced neuronal cell death. Neurotoxicology. 2008 Jul;29(4):656-62. Epub 2008 Mar 20.

In this study, we investigated the protective effects of L-theanine on neurotoxicity induced by PD-related neurotoxicants, rotenone and dieldrin in cultured human dopaminergic cell line, SH-SY5Y.
Furthermore, pretreatment with L-theanine significantly attenuated the down-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) production in SH-SY5Y cells.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17555550 Hirata Y, Kiuchi K: Rapid down-regulation of Ret following exposure of dopaminergic neurons to neurotoxins. J Neurochem. 2007 Sep;102(5):1606-13. Epub 2007 Jun 7.

Treatment of mice with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine caused decreases in levels of Ret, a tyrosine kinase receptor for glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in the striatum, under the condition in which tyrosine hydroxylase was moderately decreased and the GDNF family receptor alpha1, another receptor of GDNF that is the ligand-binding subunit, were unaffected.
Down-regulation of Ret was also observed in dopamine-producing PC12 cells undergoing apoptosis induced by rotenone, another toxic substance for dopaminergic neurons, while other cellular components were not affected.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11535288 Shastry BS: Parkinson disease: etiology, pathogenesis and future of gene therapy. Neurosci Res. 2001 Sep;41(1):5-12.


In animal models, it has been shown that use of the household pesticide which is known to contain rotenone, causes PD.
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