Protein Information

Name interferon gamma
Synonyms IFG; IFI; IFN gamma; IFNG; IFNgamma; Immune interferon; Interferon gamma; Interferon gamma precursor…

Compound Information

Name rotenone
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
19635391 Monroe RK, Halvorsen SW: Environmental toxicants inhibit neuronal Jak tyrosine kinase by mitochondrial disruption. Neurotoxicology. 2009 Jul;30(4):589-98. Epub 2009 Apr 1.

Exposure of BE (2)-C cells to the heavy metals CdCl (2) and HgCl (2) and to the mitochondrial complex I inhibitor rotenone inhibited interleukin-6, interferon-gamma and ciliary neurotrophic factor-mediated Jak/STAT signaling, reduced Jak1 and Jak2 auto-phosphorylation and induced Jak tyrosine nitration.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
15748169 Kaur N, Lu B, Monroe RK, Ward SM, Halvorsen SW: Inducers of oxidative stress block ciliary neurotrophic factor activation of Jak/STAT signaling in neurons. J Neurochem. 2005 Mar;92(6):1521-30.

Treatment of neurons with H (2) O (2) and rotenone also inhibited interferon-gamma-mediated activation of Jak/STAT1.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
18481258 Wu F, Tyml K, Wilson JX: iNOS expression requires NADPH oxidase-dependent redox signaling in microvascular endothelial cells. J Cell Physiol. 2008 Oct;217(1):207-14.

Redox regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression was investigated in lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma (LPS + IFNgamma)-stimulated microvascular endothelial cells from mouse skeletal muscle.
Unstimulated endothelial cells produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) sensitive to inhibition of NADPH oxidase (apocynin and DPI), mitochondrial respiration (rotenone) and NOS (L-NAME).
4(0,0,0,4) Details
8445326 Tucker SD, Auzenne EJ, Sivaramakrishnan MR: Inhibition of tumor cell mitochondrial respiration by macrophage cytotoxic mediators distinct from interferon-gamma. J Leukoc Biol. 1993 Feb;53(2):138-43.

3(0,0,0,3) Details
17376993 Mount MP, Lira A, Grimes D, Smith PD, Faucher S, Slack R, Anisman H, Hayley S, Park DS: Involvement of interferon-gamma in microglial-mediated loss of dopaminergic neurons. J Neurosci. 2007 Mar 21;27(12):3328-37.

To examine more mechanistically the role of IFN-gamma in microglial activation, we evaluated the interactions between microglia and dopaminergic neurons in an in vitro mixed microglia/midbrain neuron rotenone-induced death paradigm.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
7532384 Duval DL, Sieg DJ, Billings RE: Regulation of hepatic nitric oxide synthase by reactive oxygen intermediates and glutathione. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1995 Feb 1;316(2):699-706.

Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) induction by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) is synergized by interferon-gamma, and both NOS activity and gene expression are maximal by 10 h and maintained through 24 h.
NOS induction in TNF alpha-treated cells is reduced by rotenone, a mitochondrial complex 1 inhibitor.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8529105 Barton CH, Whitehead SH, Blackwell JM: Nramp transfection transfers Ity/Lsh/Bcg-related pleiotropic effects on macrophage activation: influence on oxidative burst and nitric oxide pathways. Mol Med. 1995 Mar;1(3):267-79.

RESULTS: Expression of the transgene correlated with three Lshr-associated lipopolysaccharide/interferon-gamma-regulated macrophage activation phenotypes: respiratory burst, nitrite release, and uptake of L-arginine.
The mitochondrial electron transport inhibitors, rotenone and thenoyltrifluoroacetone, inhibited respiratory burst, and rotenone suppressed L-arginine flux, implying that mitochondrial-derived oxygen radicals are important mediators in Nramp-regulated signal transduction pathways.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17562359 Staines DR: Is Parkinson's disease an autoimmune disorder of endogenous vasoactive neuropeptides?. Med Hypotheses. 2007;69(6):1208-11. Epub 2007 Jun 11.

PACAP specifically protects against the neurotoxicity induced by rotenone as well as protecting against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis.
Involvement of the Th1 directed cytokine interferon-gamma has been demonstrated and Th2 directed cytokines such as IL-10 protect against inflammation-mediated degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the SN.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17765224 Yang D, Elner SG, Bian ZM, Till GO, Petty HR, Elner VM: Pro-inflammatory cytokines increase reactive oxygen species through mitochondria and NADPH oxidase in cultured RPE cells. Exp Eye Res. 2007 Oct;85(4):462-72. Epub 2007 Jun 27.

We investigated if pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), induce ROS in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells.
Thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTFA), an inhibitor of mitochondrial respiratory chain, blocked TNF-alpha- and IFN-gamma-, but not IL-1 beta-induced ROS, whereas other two mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitors, rotenone and antimycin A, had no effect.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17196160 Yamamoto F, Ohgari Y, Yamaki N, Kitajima S, Shimokawa O, Matsui H, Taketani S: The role of nitric oxide in delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-induced photosensitivity of cancerous cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007 Feb 16;353(3):541-6. Epub 2006 Dec 22.

When mouse macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells were cultured with lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma, the expression of NOS2 was induced.
The levels of mitochondrial ferrochelatase and rotenone-sensitive NADH dehydrogenase in the NOS2-induced cells decreased.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8700134 Duval DL, Miller DR, Collier J, Billings RE: Characterization of hepatic nitric oxide synthase: identification as the cytokine-inducible form primarily regulated by oxidants. Mol Pharmacol. 1996 Aug;50(2):277-84.

Cytokine treatment increased nuclear factor-kappa B binding, and the addition of antioxidants or rotenone inhibited cytokine activation.
Induction of hepatic nitric oxide synthase (NOS) by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), interferon-gamma (IFN gamma), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and lipopolysaccharide was assessed as activity and immunoreactive protein.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11710721 Sambo P, Baroni SS, Luchetti M, Paroncini P, Dusi S, Orlandini G, Gabrielli A: Oxidative stress in scleroderma: maintenance of scleroderma fibroblast phenotype by the constitutive up-regulation of reactive oxygen species generation through the NADPH oxidase complex pathway. Arthritis Rheum. 2001 Nov;44(11):2653-64.


This suppression was not seen with rotenone, a mitochondrial oxidase inhibitor, or allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
11239497 Guo Q, Tirosh O, Packer L: Inhibitory effect of alpha-lipoic acid and its positively charged amide analogue on nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Biochem Pharmacol. 2001 Mar 1;61(5):547-54.


Furthermore, in the presence of 2.5 or 25 mM glucose, the inhibitory effects of R (+) LA and R (+) LA-plus on NO production were decreased markedly, while they showed more potent inhibitory effects in the presence of 2 microM rotenone or 5 microg/mL of antimycin A, inhibitors of mitochondrial complex I and complex III, respectively.
0(0,0,0,0) Details