Protein Information

Name aldose reductase
Synonyms ADR; ALDR 1; ALDR1; Aldehyde reductase; AKR1B1; AKR1B1 protein; AR; Aldehyde reductase 1…

Compound Information

Name rotenone
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
15598843 Han HJ, Lee YJ, Park SH, Lee JH, Taub M: High glucose-induced oxidative stress inhibits Na+/glucose cotransporter activity in renal proximal tubule cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2005 May;288(5):F988-96. Epub 2004 Dec 14.

One consequence of excessive intracellular glucose levels is an increased rate of oxidative phosphorylation under hyperglycemic conditions, whereas another consequence is an increase in the metabolism of glucose to sorbitol by aldose reductase.
Pretreatment of the cultures with either 1) aminoguanidine or pyridoxamine [inhibitors of the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs)], 2) rotenone (an inhibitor of the mitochondrial electron transport chain), or 3) apocynin or diphenylene iodonium (DPI; inhibitors of NADPH oxidase) blocked the observed changes that occurred as a consequence of the incubation of the PTCs with high glucose.
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10783895 Nishikawa T, Edelstein D, Du XL, Yamagishi S, Matsumura T, Kaneda Y, Yorek MA, Beebe D, Oates PJ, Hammes HP, Giardino I, Brownlee M: Normalizing mitochondrial superoxide production blocks three pathways of hyperglycaemic damage. Nature. 2000 Apr 13;404(6779):787-90.


Three seemingly independent biochemical pathways are involved in the pathogenesis: glucose-induced activation of protein kinase C isoforms; increased formation of glucose-derived advanced glycation end-products; and increased glucose flux through the aldose reductase pathway.
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10797558 Lamensdorf I, Eisenhofer G, Harvey-White J, Hayakawa Y, Kirk K, Kopin IJ: Metabolic stress in PC12 cells induces the formation of the endogenous dopaminergic neurotoxin, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde. J Neurosci Res. 2000 May 15;60(4):552-8.


This aldehyde is either oxidized to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) by aldehyde dehydrogenase, an NAD-dependent enzyme or reduced to 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylethanol (DOPET) by aldehyde or aldose reductase.
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10854571 Lamensdorf I, Eisenhofer G, Harvey-White J, Nechustan A, Kirk K, Kopin IJ: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde potentiates the toxic effects of metabolic stress in PC12 cells. Brain Res. 2000 Jun 23;868(2):191-201.

This aldehyde is mainly oxidized to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), but is also partly reduced to 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylethanol (DOPET) by aldehyde or aldose reductase (ARs).
In a previous study, we found that rotenone, a complex I inhibitor, induced a rapid accumulation of DOPAL and DOPET in the medium of cultured PC12 cells.
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