Protein Information

Name superoxide dismutase
Synonyms IPO B; Indophenoloxidase B; MNSOD; Manganese superoxide dismutase; Manganese containing superoxide dismutase; Mangano superoxide dismutase; Mn superoxide dismutase; Mn SOD…

Compound Information

Name HCH
CAS 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
9763530 Kurose I, Wolf RE, Grisham MB, Granger DN: Hypercholesterolemia enhances oxidant production in mesenteric venules exposed to Ischemia/Reperfusion. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1998 Oct;18(10):1583-8.

Treatment with either oxypurinol or superoxide dismutase largely prevented the leukocyte recruitment, platelet-leukocyte aggregation, mast cell degranulation, and enhanced DHR oxidation elicited by I/R in HCh rats.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
12038708 Iscan M, Coban T, Cok I, Bulbul D, Eke BC, Burgaz S: The organochlorine pesticide residues and antioxidant enzyme activities in human breast tumors: is there any association?. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2002 Mar;72(2):173-82.

The levels of some organochlorine pesticides (OCP) s (hexachlorobenzene, HCB, alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha-HCH, beta-HCH, gamma-HCH, heptachlorepoxide, HE, bis (4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene, p.p'DDE, bis (4-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane, p.p' DDT and total DDT (E-DDT) and antioxidant enzyme activities namely Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GSH-Px), total glutathione peroxidase (T-GSH-Px), selenium independent glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px II), glutathione reductase (GRd), level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LP), glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity toward several substrates including 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene (DCNB), ethacrynic acid (EAA), 1,2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)-propane (ENPP) were measured in tumor and surrounding tumor free tissues of 24 female breast cancer patients and was evaluated whether there exist any association between the levels of OCPs and antioxidants.
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11827286 Sinha S: Oxidative stress induced by HCH in Hydrilla verticillata (l.f.) Royle: modulation in uptake and toxicity due to Fe. Chemosphere. 2002 Jan;46(2):281-8.


The effect of HCH was also studied on glutathione (reduced and oxidised) content and superoxide dismutase activity.
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16181528 Liu H, Zhang GP, Song SJ, Ding MP, Zhou JF, Bie XD, Liu JR, Zhang Y, Li ZH, Gao HF, Liu GG, Fei LT: [Clinical study on Zhuyu Tongfu serial recipe combined with acupuncture and massotherapy in treating hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.]. Chin J Integr Med. 2005 Sep;11(3):167-72.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy and mechanism of Zhuyu Tongfu (ZYTF) Serial Recipe combined with acupuncture and massotherapy in treating hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage (HCH).
METHODS: One hundred and eighteen patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage, on the basis of conventional Western medicine treatment, were randomly divided into ZYTF combined with acupuncture and massotherapy group (treated group) and simple Western medicine group (control group); the clinical efficacy, neurofunction deficit scoring (NDS) alterations and hematoma absorption rate of both groups were observed, and also the plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, plasma lipid peroxidase (LPO) content, erythrocyte glutathion peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, hematocrit (Ht) and the whole blood viscosity (Va) change were also observed.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9467884 Samanta L, Chainy GB: Comparison of hexachlorocyclohexane-induced oxidative stress in the testis of immature and adult rats. Comp Biochem Physiol C Pharmacol Toxicol Endocrinol. 1997 Nov;118(3):319-27.


Activities of testicular cytosolic superoxide dismutases (total and CN (-)-resistant) of rats of 15- and 90-day-old age groups decreased significantly after 6 hr of HCH treatment, and remained decreased till 24 hr of the pesticide treatment.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18940228 Anilakumar KR, Saritha V, Khanum F, Bawa AS: Ameliorative effect of ajwain extract on hexachlorocyclohexane-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver. Food Chem Toxicol. 2009 Feb;47(2):279-82. Epub 2008 Oct 4.


Results revealed that HCH administration lead to an increase in hepatic lipid peroxidation associated with reduction in, levels of glutathione (GSH), activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1708174 Barros SB, Simizu K, Junqueira VB: Liver lipid peroxidation-related parameters after short-term administration of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers to rats. Toxicol Lett. 1991 Apr;56(1-2):137-44.


In these animals superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was also increased.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17123163 Anilakumar KR, Khanum F, Santhanam K: Amelioration of hexachlorocyclohexane-induced oxidative stress by amaranth leaves in rats. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2006 Dec;61(4):169-73.


Amaranth leaves at 10 and 20% levels of feeding reduced the hepatic superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7538972 Samanta L, Chainy GB: Hexachlorocyclohexane-induced changes in lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and glutathione content in chick liver. Indian J Exp Biol. 1995 Feb;33(2):131-3.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
10350190 Samanta L, Sahoo A, Chainy GB: Age-related changes in rat testicular oxidative stress parameters by hexachlorocyclohexane. Arch Toxicol. 1999 Mar;73(2):96-107.


In both age-groups of rats, the pesticide elicited a significant decrease in the activities of cytosolic superoxide dismutase (SOD; total and CN (-)-resistant) and catalase, and ascorbic acid content together with an increase in the levels of LPX (both in crude homogenate and subcellular fractions) and H2O2.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16838206 Wang F, Xu ZR, Sun JH: Effect of HCH contamination of diet on the growth performance and immune and antioxidant ability in growing/finishing pigs. Vet Res Commun. 2006 Aug;30(6):645-54.


Addition of HCH to feedstuff reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in liver, reduced serum catalase (CAT) activity, and increased serum malondialehyde (MDA).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8546756 Araujo FB, Barbosa DS, Hsin CY, Maranhao RC, Abdalla DS: Evaluation of oxidative stress in patients with hyperlipidemia. . Atherosclerosis. 1995 Sep;117(1):61-71.


HLP had lower plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (0.04 and 0.11 U/mg protein; P < 0.05) as well as lower concentrations of lycopene (0.1 and 0.2 nmol/mg cholesterol; P < 0.05) and beta-carotene (0.8 and 2.7 nmol/mg cholesterol; P < 0.05) in the plasma, as compared with NL.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16046044 Srivastava A, Shivanandappa T: Hexachlorocyclohexane differentially alters the antioxidant status of the brain regions in rat. Toxicology. 2005 Oct 15;214(1-2):123-30.


Activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase and catalase were markedly induced whereas superoxide dismutase was inhibited at higher dose in all the brain regions.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9704597 Sahoo A, Chainy GB: Acute hexachlorocyclohexane-induced oxidative stress in rat cerebral hemisphere. Neurochem Res. 1998 Aug;23(8):1079-84.


The pesticide elicited decrease in the activities of cytosolic total, CN (-)-sensitive (not at 24 h) and CN-resistant superoxide dismutases; total, Se-dependent and Se-independent glutathione peroxidases; and catalase throughout the measurement period.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12364975 Samanta L, Chainy GB: Response of testicular antioxidant enzymes to hexachlorocyclohexane is species specific. Asian J Androl. 2002 Sep;4(3):191-4.


Similarly, the decreased activity of superoxide dismutase observed in rats remained unaltered in mice.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2299401 Saltarelli MD, Yamada K, Coyle JT: Phospholipase A2 and 3H-hemicholinium-3 binding sites in rat brain: a potential second-messenger role for fatty acids in the regulation of high-affinity choline uptake. J Neurosci. 1990 Jan;10(1):62-72.


The involvement of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and fatty acid release in the regulation of sodium-dependent high-affinity choline uptake in rat brain was assessed in vitro through the use of the specific binding of 3H-hemicholinium-3 (3H-HCh-3).
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