| Name | Acetylcholinesterase |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | ACHE; ACHE protein; AChE; ARACHE; AcChoEase; Acetylcholine acetylhydrolase; Acetylcholinesterase; Acetylcholinesterase isoform E4 E6 variant… |
| Name | deltamethrin |
|---|---|
| CAS |
| PubMed | Abstract | RScore(About this table) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2973491 | Shaker N, Hassan GA, el-Nouty FD, Abo-Elezz Z, Abd-Allah GA: In vivo chronic effect of dimethoate and deltamethrin on rabbits. J Environ Sci Health B. 1988 Aug;23(4):387-99. AChE activity was increased (P less than 0.01) after 1 month of treatment with the two doses of dimethoate and deltamethrin; thereafter, AChE activity showed 40% inhibition of the control level. |
37(0,1,2,2) | Details |
| 17665685 | Assis CR, Amaral IP, Castro PF, Carvalho LB, Bezerra RS: Effect of dichlorvos on the acetylcholinesterase from tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) brain. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2007 Jul;26(7):1451-3. Here, the brain AChE from the important Amazonian fish tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) was assayed in the presence of this insecticide and also of deltamethrin, a classical and potassium channel inhibitor (negative control). |
37(0,1,1,7) | Details |
| 18602378 | Badiou A, Belzunces LP: Is acetylcholinesterase a pertinent biomarker to detect exposure of pyrethroids? A study case with deltamethrin. Chem Biol Interact. 2008 Sep 25;175(1-3):406-9. Epub 2008 Jun 13. |
20(0,0,3,5) | Details |
| 7498065 | Szegletes T, Balint T, Szegletes Z, Nemcsok J: In vivo effects of deltamethrin exposure on activity and distribution of molecular forms of carp AChE. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1995 Aug;31(3):258-63. |
15(0,0,2,5) | Details |
| 7777922 | Mourya DT, Gokhale MD, Banerjee K: Effect of sublethal dosages of insecticides on chikungunya virus susceptible and refractory strains of Aedes aegypti. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1994 Sep;25(3):536-42. Three strains of Aedes aegypti mosquitos viz (i) CRS, refractory to Chikungunya (CHIK) virus by oral route of infection but susceptible to DDT (2) CSS, susceptible to CHIK virus and also susceptible to DDT (3) CSS-DDTR, susceptible to CHIK virus but resistant to DDT, were examined for the effect of sublethal dosages of DDT and deltamethrin on their fecundity. |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |
| 17576809 | Godin SJ, Crow JA, Scollon EJ, Hughes MF, DeVito MJ, Ross MK: Identification of rat and human cytochrome p450 isoforms and a rat serum esterase that metabolize the pyrethroid insecticides deltamethrin and esfenvalerate. Drug Metab Dispos. 2007 Sep;35(9):1664-71. Epub 2007 Jun 18. |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |
| 11107890 | Diaz C, Perez M, Rodriguez MM, Calvo E, Bisset JA, Fresneda M: [Resistance to insecticides in Blattella germanica species strains from Santiago de Cuba]. Rev Cubana Med Trop. 2000 Jan-Apr;52(1):24-30. A study was conducted on the level of resistance to seven insecticides, namely, 3 organophosphate compounds (malathion, chlorpyrifos and pirimiphos-methyl), one (propoxur) and 1 pyrethroid (cypermethrin, deltamethrin and lambdacialotrine) of three field-collected strains of Blattella germanica (Linnaeus, 1767) from Santiago de Cuba. |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |
| 9504975 | Tripathi AM, Agarwal RA: Molluscicidal and anti-AChE activity of tertiary mixtures of pesticides . Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1998 Apr;34(3):271-4. We studied the toxicity and in vivo inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by the organophosphate Nuvan (dichlorvos); Nuvan mixed with a mixed function oxidase inhibitor, piperonyl butoxide (PB); Nuvan with a pyrethroid Decis (deltamethrin); and a tertiary mixture of Nuvan, PB, and Decis in the snail Lymnaea acuminata. |
33(0,1,1,3) | Details |
| 19427694 | Tu HT, Silvestre F, Scippo ML, Thome JP, Phuong NT, Kestemont P: Acetylcholinesterase activity as a biomarker of exposure to antibiotics and pesticides in the black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2009 Jul;72(5):1463-70. Epub 2009 May 9. While muscle AChE activity should be assessed to point out endosulfan or deltamethrin exposure, gill AChE activity impairment could indicate an exposure to furazolidone. |
9(0,0,1,4) | Details |
| 17546082 | Chen MH, Han ZJ, Qiao XF, Qu MJ: Mutations in acetylcholinesterase genes of Rhopalosiphum padi resistant to organophosphate and insecticides. Genome. 2007 Feb;50(2):172-9. Bioassays showed that the resistant strain used was highly or moderately resistant to pirimicarb, omethoate, and monocrotophos (resistance ratio, 263.8, 53.8, and 17.5, respectively), and showed little resistance to deltamethrin or thiodicarb (resistance ratio, 5.2 and 3.4, respectively). |
6(0,0,0,6) | Details |
| 12018585 | Mourya DT, Gokhale MD, Barde PV, Deobagkar DN: Highly-substrate active isoenzyme acetylcholinesterase-II, in rosy eye mutant of Aedes aegypti mosquito. Indian J Exp Biol. 2001 Aug;39(8):807-10. Both the strains were equally susceptible to DDT, malathion and deltamethrin. |
4(0,0,0,4) | Details |
| 18976553 | Pennetier C, Costantini C, Corbel V, Licciardi S, Dabire RK, Lapied B, Chandre F, Hougard JM: Mixture for controlling insecticide-resistant malaria vectors. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008 Nov;14(11):1707-14. During the first 2 weeks posttreatment, the mixture was as effective as deltamethrin alone and was more effective at killing An. gambiae that carried knockdown resistance (kdr) or insensitive acetylcholinesterase resistance (Ace1R) genes. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 9212331 | Balint T, Ferenczy J, Katai F, Kiss I, Kraczer L, Kufcsak O, Lang G, Polyhos C, Szabo I, Szegletes T, Nemcsok J: Similarities and differences between the massive eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) devastations that occurred in Lake Balaton in 1991 and 1995. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1997 Jun;37(1):17-23. Investigations carried out to find the causes of these ecocatastrophes included measurements of certain biochemical parameters: the blood sugar level, and the acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, EC 1.1.2.3), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT, EC 2.6.1.1) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT, EC 2.6.1.2) activities in the blood serum of the collected eels. In both 1991 and 1995, deltamethrin (DM), the active ingredient of the insecticide K-OTHRIN 1 ULV used against mosquitoes, was detected in the eels; in 1995 it was demonstrated in several other animal species, i.e., bream (Abramis brama L.), pike perch (Stizostedion lucioperca L.), and the common gull (Larus canus), and in sediment samples from the lake. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 12191869 | He F, Chen S, Tang X, Gan W, Tao B, Wen B: Biological monitoring of combined exposure to organophosphates and pyrethroids. Toxicol Lett. 2002 Aug 5;134(1-3):119-24. In area J, the subgroups Ja (40 subjects) and Jb (36 subjects) sprayed on rice crops either the organophosphate (OP) insecticide methamidophos or the mixture methamidophos-deltamethrin (a pyrethroid, Pyr). Erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was measured by the Ellman's method before spraying, after 2-h exposure and 1 h later. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 18472171 | Baffi MA, de Souza GR, de Sousa CS, Ceron CR, Bonetti AM: Esterase enzymes involved in pyrethroid and organophosphate resistance in a Brazilian population of Riphicephallus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari, Ixodidae). Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2008 Jul;160(1):70-3. Epub 2008 Apr 7. A comparative analysis was made of the esterase patterns in malathion and deltamethrin-sensitive, tolerant and resistant tick groups, using non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The EST-2, classified as an acetylcholinesterase (AChE), was detected in all groups, but its staining intensity increased from susceptible to resistant groups, indicating an altered production according to the degree of resistance. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 17568372 | Pethuan S, Jirakanjanakit N, Saengtharatip S, Chareonviriyaphap T, Kaewpa D, Rongnoparut P: Biochemical studies of insecticide resistance in Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand. Trop Biomed. 2007 Jun;24(1):7-15. Biochemical analysis was performed on field caught Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes to determine activities of enzymes including mixed function oxidases (MFO), nonspecific esterases (alpha- and beta-), glutathione-S-transferases (GST), and insensitive acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The susceptibility to pyrethroids (deltamethrin, permethrin), organophosphate (fenitrothion) and (propoxur) insecticides were revealed in these samples. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 18755020 | Perera MD, Hemingway J, Karunaratne SP: Multiple insecticide resistance mechanisms involving metabolic changes and insensitive target sites selected in anopheline vectors of malaria in Sri Lanka. Malar J. 2008 Aug 28;7:168. METHODS: Adult females were exposed to the WHO discriminating dosages of DDT, malathion, fenitrothion, propoxur, lambda-cyhalothrin, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, permethrin and etofenprox. The presence of metabolic resistance by esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and monooxygenase-based mechanisms, and the sensitivity of the acetylcholinesterase target site were assessed using synergists, and biochemical, and metabolic techniques. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 10574437 | Nemcsok J, Balint T, Fazakas J, Katai F, Kiss I, Hieu LH, Kufcsak O, Lang G, Polyhos C, Szabo I, Szegletes T: The contribution of a pyrethroid insecticide to the massive eel (Anguilla anguilla) devastation, in Lake Balaton, in 1995. Acta Biol Hung. 1999;50(1-3):161-73. During this investigation, certain biochemical parameters, i.e. the blood sugar level, the acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, EC 1.1.2.3), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT, EC 2.6.1.1), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT, EC 2.6.1.2) activities in the blood serum of the collected surviving and dying eels were examined. Deltamethrin, the active ingredient of the insecticide K-OTHRIN 1 ULV, used against mosquitoes was detected in different animal species, i.e. eel, bream (Abramis brama), pike perch (Stizostedion lucioperca), and the common gull (Larus canus) and in sediment samples from the lake. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 17710279 | Dzul FA, Patricia Penilla R, Rodriguez AD: [Susceptibility and insecticide resistance mechanisms in Anopheles albimanus from the southern Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico]. Salud Publica Mex. 2007 Jul-Aug;49(4):302-11. Blanco municipality in Quintana Roo and the Calakmul municipality in Campeche, were exposed to deltamethrin, DDT, pirimiphos-methyl and bendiocarb in susceptibility tests, as well as to biochemical assays in order to calculate the enzyme levels related to insecticide resistance. The frequency of An. albimanus with altered acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was high in La Union (33%). |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 18240518 | Rodriguez MM, Bisset JA, Fernandez D: Levels of insecticide resistance and resistance mechanisms in Aedes aegypti from some Latin American countries. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2007 Dec;23(4):420-9. Biochemical tests showed high frequencies of esterase and glutathione-S-transferase activity; however, the frequency of altered acetylcholinesterase mechanism was low. Eight Latin American strains of Aedes aegypti were evaluated for resistance to 6 organophosphates (temephos, malathion, fenthion, pirimiphos-methyl, fenitrothion, and chlorpirifos) and 4 pyrethroids (deltamethrin, lambdacyhalothrin, betacypermethrin, and cyfluthrin) under laboratory conditions. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 9805056 | Gonzalez T, Bisset JA, Diaz C, Rodriguez MM, Dieguez L: [The evolution of resistance in a Culex quinquefasciatus strain starting from selection with the pyrethroid insecticide lambdacyhalothrin]. Rev Cubana Med Trop. 1996;48(3):218-23. There was an increase of the levels of resistance to methyl-pyrimifos (2.4 times), propoxur (6 times), DDT (5.2 times), clorpirifos (22 time), cypermethrin (67.5 times), and deltamethrin (20.2 times). The frequencies of the genes that codify for the elevated esterases enzymes and for the modified acetylcholinesterase reached their maximum value. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 8090688 | Husain R, Malaviya M, Seth PK, Husain R: Effect of deltamethrin on regional brain polyamines and behaviour in young rats. Pharmacol Toxicol. 1994 Apr-May;74(4-5):211-5. A significant increase in the activities of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase and microsomal acetylcholinesterase without any effect on microsomal Na+, K (+)-ATPase activity was observed in the brain of experimental animals. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 19655174 | Fonseca-Gonzalez I, Cardenas R, Quinones ML, McAllister J, Brogdon WG: Pyrethroid and organophosphates resistance in Anopheles (N.) nuneztovari Gabaldon populations from malaria endemic areas in Colombia. Parasitol Res. 2009 Oct;105(5):1399-409. Epub 2009 Aug 5. Insecticides evaluated included the pyrethroids lambda-cyhalothrin and deltamethrin, organophosphates malathion and fenitrothion, and the organochlorine dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). Evidence is presented for low-level initial selection of some resistance mechanisms such as mixed-function oxidases and modified acetylcholinesterase. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 8751838 | Husain R, Husain R, Adhami VM, Seth PK: Behavioral, neurochemical, and neuromorphological effects of deltamethrin in adult rats. J Toxicol Environ Health. 1996 Aug 9;48(5):515-26. A significant increase in the activity of monoamine oxidase was observed in frontal cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum, and acetylcholinesterase activity was markedly increased in frontal cortex, corpus striatum, hippocampus, cerebellum, and pons medulla. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 8435483 | Mourya DT, Hemingway J, Leake CJ: Changes in enzyme titres with age in four geographical strains of Aedes aegypti and their association with insecticide resistance. Med Vet Entomol. 1993 Jan;7(1):11-6. The enzymes acetylcholinesterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and general esterases were assayed in four strains of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes aged between 1 and 30 days. Insecticide bioassays showed that two strains (Trinidad and Virtudes) of Ae. aegypti were resistant to DDT, deltamethrin and malathion, whereas two other strains (Bangkok and Indian) were susceptible to all four classes of insecticides tested. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 15311465 | Corbel V, Duchon S, Zaim M, Hougard JM: Dinotefuran: a potential neonicotinoid insecticide against resistant mosquitoes. J Med Entomol. 2004 Jul;41(4):712-7. The results showed that dinotefuran was less toxic than most of the commonly used insecticides (e.g., deltamethrin, carbosulfan, and temephos) against the susceptible mosquitoes tested (between 6- and 100-fold at the LD50 level). More interestingly, the -resistant strain of Cx. quinquefasciatus was significantly more affected by dinotefuran than the susceptible strain (RR = 0.70), probably because the insensitive acetylcholinesterase is less efficient to degrade nicotinic substrates than normal acetylcholinesterase. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 11226636 | Aziz MH, Agrawal AK, Adhami VM, Shukla Y, Seth PK: Neurodevelopmental consequences of gestational exposure (GD14-GD20) to low dose deltamethrin in rats. Neurosci Lett. 2001 Mar 16;300(3):161-5. The significant increase in acetylcholinesterase activity and decrease in (3) H-quinuclidinyl benzilate binding in the hippocampal region of DT exposed animals, suggesting impairment in cholinergic (muscarinic) receptors. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 10774652 | Karunaratne SH: Insecticide cross-resistance spectra and underlying resistance mechanisms of Sri Lankan anopheline vectors of malaria. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1999 Sep;30(3):460-9. Adult mosquitos were individually tested for their insecticide detoxifying enzyme activities and altered target-site, acetylcholinesterase. An. culicifacies was susceptible to propoxur, deltamethrin and lambda cyhalothrin and An. subpictus to cypermethrin and lambda cyhalothrin. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 15936353 | Hossain MM, Suzuki T, Sato I, Takewaki T, Suzuki K, Kobayashi H: Neuromechanical effects of pyrethroids, allethrin, cyhalothrin and deltamethrin on the cholinergic processes in rat brain. Life Sci. 2005 Jul 1;77(7):795-807. To better understand the mechanisms of their modulatory effects and also other effects on the cholinergic system in the brain, the activities of hydrolyzing enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), synthesizing enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and synthesizing rate-limiting step, high-affinity uptake (HACU) were examined in the present study. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 17573686 | Margaritopoulos JT, Skouras PJ, Nikolaidou P, Manolikaki J, Maritsa K, Tsamandani K, Kanavaki OM, Bacandritsos N, Zarpas KD, Tsitsipis JA: Insecticide resistance status of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) populations from peach and tobacco in mainland Greece. Pest Manag Sci. 2007 Aug;63(8):821-9. The susceptibility of 88 and 38 field samples of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) to imidacloprid and deltamethrin respectively was examined using the FAO dip test bioassay. In addition, 497, 349 and 370 clones originating from peach and tobacco were screened for the three known resistance mechanisms, elevated esterases, modified acetylcholinesterase (MACE) and knockdown resistance (kdr) respectively, using biochemical and DNA diagnostics. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 19748499 | Tayebati SK, Di Tullio MA, Ricci A, Amenta F: Influence of dermal exposure to the pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin on rat brain microanatomy and cholinergic/dopaminergic neurochemistry. Brain Res. 2009 Dec 8;1301:180-8. Epub 2009 Sep 11. Cholinergic neurotransmission markers investigated in frontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum were the synthesizing and catabolic enzymes choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase and the high affinity uptake system labeled with [(3) H] hemicholinium-3. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 20209234 | Santacoloma Varon L, Chaves Cordoba B, Brochero HL: [Susceptibility of Aedes aegypti to DDT, deltamethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin in Colombia]. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2010 Jan;27(1):66-73. In populations where mortality rates were consistent with decreased susceptibility, levels of nonspecific esterases (NSE), mixed-function oxidases (MFO), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were measured using colorimetric tests. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 16978760 | Yousef MI, Awad TI, Mohamed EH: Deltamethrin-induced oxidative damage and biochemical alterations in rat and its attenuation by Toxicology. 2006 Oct 29;227(3):240-7. Epub 2006 Aug 14. Enzymatic activities of aminotransferases (AST and ALT), phosphatases (AcP and AlP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in plasma were significantly increased, while acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was inhibited. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 19274371 | Fonseca-Gonzalez I, Quinones ML, McAllister J, Brogdon WG: Mixed-function oxidases and esterases associated with cross-resistance between DDT and lambda-cyhalothrin in Anopheles darlingi Root 1926 populations from Colombia. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2009 Feb;104(1):18-26. All field populations were susceptible to deltamethrin, permethrin, malathion and fenitrothion. Enzyme levels related to insecticide resistance, including mixed function oxidases (MFO), non-specific esterases (NSE), glutathione S-transferases and modified acetylcholinesterase were evaluated in all populations and compared with a susceptible natural strain. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 19303125 | Ramphul U, Boase T, Bass C, Okedi LM, Donnelly MJ, Muller P: Insecticide resistance and its association with target-site mutations in natural populations of Anopheles gambiae from eastern Uganda. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2009 Nov;103(11):1121-6. Epub 2009 Mar 19. Anopheles gambiae s.l. adults were raised from wild-caught larvae sampled from two ecologically distinct breeding sites and exposed to WHO discriminating concentrations of DDT, permethrin, deltamethrin, bendiocarb and malathion. Using molecular diagnostics, susceptible and resistant specimens were further tested for the presence of knockdown resistance (kdr) and acetylcholinesterase 1 resistance (ace-1 (R)) alleles. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 16506569 | Rodriguez MM, Bisset JA, De Armas Y, Ramos F: Pyrethroid insecticide-resistant strain of Aedes aegypti from Cuba induced by deltamethrin selection. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2005 Dec;21(4):437-45. |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |
| 20020880 | Tuzmen MN, Candan N, Kaya E: The evaluation of altered antioxidative defense mechanism and acetylcholinesterase activity in rat brain exposed to chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, and their combination. Toxicol Mech Methods. 2007;17(9):535-40. Biochemical analysis showed that administration of chlorpyrifos and deltamethrin causes brain damage via production of MDA and inhibition of AChE. |
118(1,2,3,3) | Details |
| 10894124 | Csillik B, Fazakas J, Nemcsok J, Knyihar-Csillik E: Effect of the pesticide Deltamethrin on the Mauthner cells of Lake Balaton fish. Neurotoxicology. 2000 Jun;21(3):343-52. It has been shown that Deltamethrin, in a concentration of 1 microgram/liter in the aquarium water, inhibits acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity of the giant Mauthner's nerve cells as well as of the axon terminals synapsing with these cells. |
81(1,1,1,1) | Details |
| 17215041 | Badiou A, Meled M, Belzunces LP: Honeybee Apis mellifera acetylcholinesterase--a biomarker to detect deltamethrin exposure. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2008 Feb;69(2):246-53. Epub 2007 Jan 9. |
48(0,0,8,8) | Details |
| 9685989 | Rodriguez MM, Bisset J, Rodriguez I, Diaz C: [Determination of insecticide resistance and its biochemical mechanisms in 2 strains of Culex quinquefasciatus from Santiago de Cuba]. Rev Cubana Med Trop. 1997;49(3):209-14. It was analyzed the behavior of the resistance of 3 organophosphated insecticides (malathion, clorpirifos and methyl-pyrimifos), 3 pyrethroids (deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and cypermethrin), and 1 (propuxur) in populations of Culex quinquefasciatus from 2 municipalities of the province of Santiago de Cuba. It was determined by the biochemical tests that there existed a high frequency of the mechanisms of esterases and altered acetylcholinesterase. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 16193751 | Moreira-Santos M, Fonseca AL, Moreira SM, Rendon-von Osten J, Silva EM, Soares AM, Guilhermino L, Ribeiro R: Short-term sublethal (sediment and aquatic roots of floating macrophytes) assays with a tropical chironomid based on postexposure feeding and biomarkers. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2005 Sep;24(9):2234-42. This study proposes assays with a freshwater chironomid, Chironomus xanthus, distributed over South America, based on subindividual (acetylcholinesterase activity) and individual (survival and postexposure feeding) level endpoints. Assays were evaluated under realistic exposure scenarios by simulating a runoff over an agricultural field dosed with deltamethrin. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |