Protein Information

Name AP2
Synonyms AP2; Factor A; GTF3A; General transcription factor 3A; TF3A; TFIIIA; Transcription factor 3A; Transcription factor IIIA…

Compound Information

Name jasmonic acid
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
18467450 Pre M, Atallah M, Champion A, De Vos M, Pieterse CM, Memelink J: The AP2/ERF domain transcription factor ORA59 integrates jasmonic acid and ethylene signals in plant defense. Plant Physiol. 2008 Jul;147(3):1347-57. Epub 2008 May 8.
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18567832 Asamizu E, Shimoda Y, Kouchi H, Tabata S, Sato S: A positive regulatory role for LjERF1 in the nodulation process is revealed by systematic analysis of nodule-associated transcription factors of Lotus japonicus. Plant Physiol. 2008 Aug;147(4):2030-40. Epub 2008 Jun 20.

Seven genes were found to encode proteins with AP2-EREBP domains, six of which were similar to proteins that have been implicated in ethylene and/or jasmonic acid signal transduction and defense gene regulation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana).
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16457823 Liu Y, Zhao TJ, Liu JM, Liu WQ, Liu Q, Yan YB, Zhou HM: The conserved Ala37 in the ERF/AP2 domain is essential for binding with the DRE element and the GCC box. FEBS Lett. 2006 Feb 20;580(5):1303-8. Epub 2006 Jan 26.

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16183832 McGrath KC, Dombrecht B, Manners JM, Schenk PM, Edgar CI, Maclean DJ, Scheible WR, Udvardi MK, Kazan K: Repressor- and activator-type ethylene response factors functioning in jasmonate signaling and disease resistance identified via a genome-wide screen of Arabidopsis transcription factor gene expression. Plant Physiol. 2005 Oct;139(2):949-59. Epub 2005 Sep 23.


We identified 134 TFs that showed a significant change in expression, including many APETALA2/ethylene response factor (AP2/ERF), MYB, WRKY, and NAC TF genes with unknown functions.
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19602544 Zhang G, Chen M, Li L, Xu Z, Chen X, Guo J, Ma Y: Overexpression of the soybean GmERF3 gene, an AP2/ERF type transcription factor for increased tolerances to salt, drought, and diseases in transgenic tobacco. J Exp Bot. 2009;60(13):3781-96. Epub 2009 Jul 14.

Expression of GmERF3 was induced by treatments with high salinity, drought, abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene (ET), and soybean mosaic virus (SMV), whereas there was no significant GmERF3 mRNA accumulation under cold stress treatment.
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11335174 Memelink J, Verpoorte R, Kijne JW: ORCAnization of jasmonate-responsive gene expression in alkaloid metabolism. Trends Plant Sci. 2001 May;6(5):212-9.

Jasmonic acid is an important plant stress signalling molecule.
In terpenoid indole alkaloid metabolism and primary precursor pathways, jasmonate induces gene expression and metabolism via ORCAs, which are members of the AP2/ERF-domain family of plant transcription factors.
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16844836 Shukla RK, Raha S, Tripathi V, Chattopadhyay D: Expression of CAP2, an APETALA2-family transcription factor from chickpea, enhances growth and tolerance to dehydration and salt stress in transgenic tobacco. Plant Physiol. 2006 Sep;142(1):113-23. Epub 2006 Jul 14.

The APETALA2 (AP2) domain defines a large family of DNA-binding proteins that play important roles in plant morphology, development, and stress response.
Transcript level of CAP2 increased by dehydration and by treatment with sodium chloride, abscisic acid, and auxin, but not by treatment with low temperature, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid.
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11169181 van der Fits L, Memelink J: The jasmonate-inducible AP2/ERF-domain transcription factor ORCA3 activates gene expression via interaction with a jasmonate-responsive promoter element. Plant J. 2001 Jan;25(1):43-53.

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17096212 Marsch-Martinez N, Greco R, Becker JD, Dixit S, Bergervoet JH, Karaba A, de Folter S, Pereira A: BOLITA, an Arabidopsis AP2/ERF-like transcription factor that affects cell expansion and proliferation/differentiation pathways. Plant Mol Biol. 2006 Dec;62(6):825-43. Epub 2006 Oct 12.

Furthermore, the expression of hormone signaling (i.e. auxin and cytokinin), biosynthesis (i.e. ethylene and jasmonic acid) and regulatory genes was found to be perturbed in bol-D mutant leaves.
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19694954 Zhao J, Buchwaldt L, Rimmer SR, Sharpe A, McGregor L, Bekkaoui D, Hegedus D: Patterns of differential gene expression in Brassica napus cultivars infected with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Mol Plant Pathol. 2009 Sep;10(5):635-49.

ZY821 at the earlier stages of infection (6-12 hpi) for many genes, including those encoding defence-associated proteins, such as chitinases, glucanases, osmotins and lectins, as well as genes encoding transcription factors belonging to the zinc finger, WRKY, APETALA2 (AP2) and MYB classes.
In both cultivars, genes encoding enzymes involved in jasmonic acid, ethylene and auxin synthesis were induced, as were those for gibberellin degradation.
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18337489 Rushton PJ, Bokowiec MT, Han S, Zhang H, Brannock JF, Chen X, Laudeman TW, Timko MP: Tobacco transcription factors: novel insights into transcriptional regulation in the Solanaceae. Plant Physiol. 2008 May;147(1):280-95. Epub 2008 Mar 12.


Compared with TF families from sequenced plant genomes, tobacco has a higher proportion of ERF/AP2, C2H2 zinc finger, homeodomain, GRF, TCP, zinc finger homeodomain, BES, and STERILE APETALA (SAP) genes and novel subfamilies of BES, C2H2 zinc finger, SAP, and NAC genes.
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10594102 van Der Krol AR, van Poecke RM, Vorst OF, Voogt C, van Leeuwen W, Borst-Vrensen TW, Takatsuji H, van Der Plas LH: Developmental and wound-, cold-, desiccation-, ultraviolet-B-stress-induced modulations in the expression of the petunia zinc finger transcription factor gene ZPT2-2. Plant Physiol. 1999 Dec;121(4):1153-62.

The ZPT2-2 gene belongs to the EPF gene family in petunia (Petunia hybrida), which encodes proteins with TFIIIA-type zinc-finger DNA-binding motifs.
The change in ZPT2-2::LUC activity by cold treatment, wounding, desiccation, and ultraviolet-B light suggest that the phytohormones ethylene and jasmonic acid are involved in regulating the expression of ZPT2-2.
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19523101 Champion A, Hebrard E, Parra B, Bournaud C, Marmey P, Tranchant C, Nicole M: Molecular diversity and gene expression of cotton ERF transcription factors reveal that group IXa members are responsive to jasmonate, ethylene and Xanthomonas. Mol Plant Pathol. 2009 Jul;10(4):471-85.


Conserved amino acid residues and phylogeny reconstruction using the AP2 conserved domain suggest that the classification into 10 major groups used for Arabidopsis and rice is applicable to the cotton ERF family.
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15784880 Stepanova AN, Alonso JM: Arabidopsis ethylene signaling pathway. Sci STKE. 2005 Mar 22;2005(276):cm4.

To date, the only empirically demonstrated direct target of EIN3 is the APETALA2 (AP2)-domain-containing transcription factor gene ERF1.
The coregulation of ERF1 by another plant hormone, jasmonic acid, illustrates how a transcriptional cascade could be utilized in a combinatorial fashion to generate a large diversity of responses using a limited number of input signals.
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15497409 Fischer U, Droge-Laser W: Overexpression of NtERF5, a new member of the tobacco ethylene response transcription factor family enhances resistance to tobacco mosaic virus. Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2004 Oct;17(10):1162-71.

A new member of the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) AP2/ERF (ethylene response factor) transcription factor family, designated NtERF5, has been isolated by yeast one-hybrid screening.
In contrast, NtERF5 transcription is not enhanced after application of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, or ethylene.
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15465826 Pauw B, Hilliou FA, Martin VS, Chatel G, de Wolf CJ, Champion A, Pre M, van Duijn B, Kijne JW, van der Fits L, Memelink J: Zinc finger proteins act as transcriptional repressors of alkaloid biosynthesis genes in Catharanthus roseus. J Biol Chem. 2004 Dec 17;279(51):52940-8. Epub 2004 Oct 1.


This screening identified three members of the Cys (2)/His (2)-type (transcription factor IIIA-type) zinc finger protein family from C. roseus, ZCT1, ZCT2, and ZCT3.
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16478936 Liechti R, Gfeller A, Farmer EE: Jasmonate signaling pathway. Sci STKE. 2006 Feb 14;2006(322):cm2.

APETALA2 (AP2)-domain transcription factors, such as ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 1 (ERF1), link the jasmonate pathway to the ethylene signaling pathway.
As progress in characterizing several new mutants (some of which are hypersensitive to jasmonic acid) augments our understanding of jasmonate signaling, the Connections Map will be updated to include this new information.
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