Protein Information

Name chitinases
Synonyms CHI 3; CHI3; CHIT; CHIT 1; CHIT1; Chitinase; Chitinase 1; Chitotriosidase…

Compound Information

Name jasmonic acid
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
15125769 Larsen PB, Cancel JD: A recessive mutation in the RUB1-conjugating enzyme, RCE1, reveals a requirement for RUB modification for control of ethylene biosynthesis and proper induction of basic chitinase and PDF1.2 in Arabidopsis. Plant J. 2004 May;38(4):626-38.

Molecular characterization of leaves of the mutant revealed severely impaired induction of basic chitinase (chiB) and plant defensin (PDF) 1.2 following treatment with jasmonic acid and/or ethylene.
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15749761 Zhou C, Zhang L, Duan J, Miki B, Wu K: HISTONE DEACETYLASE19 is involved in jasmonic acid and ethylene signaling of pathogen response in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell. 2005 Apr;17(4):1196-204. Epub 2005 Mar 4.

The expression of jasmonic acid and ethylene regulated PATHOGENESIS-RELATED genes, Basic Chitinase and beta-1,3-Glucanase, was upregulated in 35S:HDA19 plants but downregulated in HDA19-RNAi plants.
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19061398 Uppalapati SR, Marek SM, Lee HK, Nakashima J, Tang Y, Sledge MK, Dixon RA, Mysore KS: Global gene expression profiling during Medicago truncatula-Phymatotrichopsis omnivora interaction reveals a role for jasmonic acid, ethylene, and the flavonoid pathway in disease development. Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2009 Jan;22(1):7-17.

Expression profiling of M. truncatula roots infected by P. omnivora identified several upregulated genes, including the pathogenesis-related class I and class IV chitinases and genes involved in reactive oxygen species generation and phytohormone (jasmonic acid and ethylene) signaling.
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15055541 Park CH, Kim S, Park JY, Ahn IP, Jwa NS, Im KH, Lee YH: Molecular characterization of a pathogenesis-related protein 8 gene encoding a class III chitinase in rice. Mol Cells. 2004 Feb 29;17(1):144-50.

Expression of Oschibl was also induced by treatment of signaling molecules such as salicylic acid, ethylene, and methyl jasmonic acid, and by treatment with H2O2 or CuSO4.
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18006520 Fan J, Wang H, Feng D, Liu B, Liu H, Wang J: Molecular characterization of plantain class i chitinase gene and its expression in response to infection by Gloeosporium musarum Cke and Massee and other abiotic stimuli. J Biochem. 2007 Nov;142(5):561-70.

Jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) could induce MpChi-1 expression, while mechanical wounding, silver nitrate and osmotic stress stimulated only a slight accumulation of MpChi-1 transcripts.
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14558693 Anand A, Schmelz EA, Muthukrishnan S: Development of a lesion-mimic phenotype in a transgenic wheat line overexpressing genes for pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins is dependent on salicylic acid concentration. Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2003 Oct;16(10):916-25.


In the course of coexpressing genes for pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins for a class IV chitinase and an acidic glucanase in transgenic wheat plants, we regenerated a wheat line that developed necrotic lesions containing dead cells in the T2 and subsequent generations.
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18943839 Shoresh M, Yedidia I, Chet I: Involvement of Jasmonic Acid/Ethylene Signaling Pathway in the Systemic Resistance Induced in Cucumber by Trichoderma asperellum T203. Phytopathology. 2005 Jan;95(1):76-84.

We further showed that a subsequent challenge of Trichoderma-preinoculated plants with the leaf pathogen P. syringae pv. lachrymans resulted in higher systemic expression of the pathogenesisrelated genes encoding for chitinase 1, beta-1,3-glucanase, and peroxidase relative to noninoculated, challenged plants.
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19694954 Zhao J, Buchwaldt L, Rimmer SR, Sharpe A, McGregor L, Bekkaoui D, Hegedus D: Patterns of differential gene expression in Brassica napus cultivars infected with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Mol Plant Pathol. 2009 Sep;10(5):635-49.

ZY821 at the earlier stages of infection (6-12 hpi) for many genes, including those encoding defence-associated proteins, such as chitinases, glucanases, osmotins and lectins, as well as genes encoding transcription factors belonging to the zinc finger, WRKY, APETALA2 (AP2) and MYB classes.
In both cultivars, genes encoding enzymes involved in jasmonic acid, ethylene and auxin synthesis were induced, as were those for gibberellin degradation.
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16021341 Yang Z, Tian L, Latoszek-Green M, Brown D, Wu K: Arabidopsis ERF4 is a transcriptional repressor capable of modulating ethylene and abscisic acid responses. Plant Mol Biol. 2005 Jul;58(4):585-96.

The expression of AtERF4 can be induced by ethylene, jasmonic acid, and abscisic acid (ABA).
Expression of 35S:AtERF4-GFP in transgenic Arabidopsis plants conferred an ethylene-insensitive phenotype and repressed the expression of Basic Chitinase and beta-1,3-Glucanase, the GCC-box-containing genes.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17114278 Onate-Sanchez L, Anderson JP, Young J, Singh KB: AtERF14, a member of the ERF family of transcription factors, plays a nonredundant role in plant defense. Plant Physiol. 2007 Jan;143(1):400-9. Epub 2006 Nov 17.

One of these genes, a transcriptional activator, AtERF14, was induced at the same time as ERF-target genes (ChiB, basic chitinase).
Moreover, the expression of other ERF genes involved in defense and ET/jasmonic acid responses, such as ERF1 and AtERF2, depends on AtERF14 expression.
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17379695 Tokunaga T, Esaka M: Induction of a novel XIP-type xylanase inhibitor by external ascorbic acid treatment and differential expression of XIP-family genes in rice. Plant Cell Physiol. 2007 May;48(5):700-14. Epub 2007 Mar 22.


The gene designated as AK073843 which is homologous to class capital SHA, Cyrillic chitinase was found to exhibit the highest induction among these genes.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12099523 Heil M, Bostock RM: Induced systemic resistance (ISR) against pathogens in the context of induced plant defences. Ann Bot. 2002 May;89(5):503-12.

Changes in cell wall composition, de novo production of pathogenesis-related-proteins such as chitinases and glucanases, and synthesis of phytoalexins are associated with resistance, although further defensive compounds are likely to exist but remain to be identified.
In this Botanical Briefing we focus on interactions between ISR and induced resistance against herbivores that is mediated by jasmonic acid as a central signalling molecule.
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19279198 Rodriguez-Serrano M, Romero-Puertas MC, Pazmino DM, Testillano PS, Risueno MC, Del Rio LA, Sandalio LM: Cellular response of pea plants to cadmium toxicity: cross talk between reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and calcium. Plant Physiol. 2009 May;150(1):229-43. Epub 2009 Mar 11.

Under these conditions, the pathogen-related proteins PrP4A and chitinase and the heat shock protein 71.2, were up-regulated, probably to protect cells against damages induced by Cd.
The regulation of these proteins could be mediated by jasmonic acid and ethylene, whose contents increased by Cd treatment.
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12805630 Brown RL, Kazan K, McGrath KC, Maclean DJ, Manners JM: A role for the GCC-box in jasmonate-mediated activation of the PDF1.2 gene of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 2003 Jun;132(2):1020-32. Epub 2003 May 15.


In other experiments, we identified a jasmonate- and pathogen-responsive ethylene response factor transcription factor, AtERF2, which when overexpressed in transgenic Arabidopsis plants activated transcription from the PDF1.2, Thi2.1, and PR4 (basic chitinase) genes, all of which contain a GCC-box sequence in their promoters.
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16096848 Barto EK, Cipollini D: Testing the optimal defense theory and the growth-differentiation balance hypothesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Oecologia. 2005 Dec;146(2):169-78. Epub 2005 Oct 28.


Expression of guaiacol peroxidase and chitinase activity conformed largely to GDBH predictions.
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11950980 Onate-Sanchez L, Singh KB: Identification of Arabidopsis ethylene-responsive element binding factors with distinct induction kinetics after pathogen infection. Plant Physiol. 2002 Apr;128(4):1313-22.

The induction of ERF gene expression in most cases preceded the mRNA accumulation of a basic chitinase gene, a potential downstream target for one or more of these ERFs.
These results suggest that transcriptional activation cascades involving ERF proteins may be important for plant defense to pathogen attack and that some ERF family members could be involved in the cross-talk between SA- and jasmonic acid-signaling pathways.
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12721382 Kim JS, Kim YO, Ryu HJ, Kwak YS, Lee JY, Kang H: Isolation of stress-related genes of rubber particles and latex in fig tree (Ficus carica) and their expressions by abiotic stress or plant hormone treatments. Plant Cell Physiol. 2003 Apr;44(4):412-4.

A cDNA encoding a basic class I chitinase (CHI) has also been isolated from the fig tree latex.
The expression of POX, CHI, and TRI was induced by jasmonic acid and abscisic acid, by jasmonic acid, and by salicylic acid, respectively.
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9353943 Oka Y, Chet I, Spiegel Y: An immunoreactive protein to wheat-germ agglutinin antibody is induced in oat roots following invasion of the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera avenae, and by jasmonate. Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 1997 Nov;10(8):961-9.


ASP45 was induced in both compatible and incompatible interactions between the nematode and the plant, and also in roots by exposure to jasmonic acid (JA) or methyl jasmonate.
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15293787 Rakwal R, Yang G, Komatsu S: Chitinase induced by jasmonic acid, methyl jasmonate, ethylene and protein phosphatase inhibitors in rice. Mol Biol Rep. 2004 Jun;31(2):113-9.
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18974997 Jacquard C, Mazeyrat-Gourbeyre F, Devaux P, Boutilier K, Baillieul F, Clement C: Microspore embryogenesis in barley: anther pre-treatment stimulates plant defence gene expression. Planta. 2009 Jan;229(2):393-402. Epub 2008 Oct 31.

Genes encoding enzymes involved in oxidative stress (glutathione-S-transferase, GST; oxalate oxidase, OxO), in the synthesis of jasmonic acid (13-lipoxygenase, Lox; allene oxide cyclase, AOC; allene oxide synthase, AOS) and in the phenylpropanoid pathway (phenylalanine ammonia lyase, PAL), as well as those encoding PR proteins (Barwin, chitinase 2b, Chit 2b; glucanase, Gluc; basic pathogenesis-related protein 1, PR1; pathogenesis-related protein 10, PR10) were up-regulated in whole anthers upon stress treatment, indicating that anther perceives stress and reacts by triggering general plant defence mechanisms.
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12949620 Kasprzewska A: Plant chitinases--regulation and function. . Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2003;8(3):809-24.

Chitinases are up-regulated by a variety of stress conditions, both biotic and abiotic, and by such phytohormones as ethylene, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid.
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12026177 Davis JM, Wu H, Cooke JE, Reed JM, Luce KS, Michler CH: Pathogen challenge, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid regulate expression of chitinase gene homologs in pine. Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2002 Apr;15(4):380-7.
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17086354 Matsushima R, Ozawa R, Uefune M, Gotoh T, Takabayashi J: Intraspecies variation in the Kanzawa spider mite differentially affects induced defensive response in lima bean plants. J Chem Ecol. 2006 Nov;32(11):2501-12.

Damage made by the Red strain induced the expression of genes for both basic chitinase, which was downstream of the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway, and acidic chitinase, which was downstream of the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway.
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