Protein Information

Name smooth muscle actin
Synonyms ACTC; ACTC 1; ACTC1; Alpha cardiac actin; CMD1R; Smooth muscle actin; Alpha cardiac actins; Smooth muscle actins

Compound Information

Name SMA
CAS sodium 2-chloroacetate

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
17572012 Santak G, Santak M, Forcic D: Native human IFN-alpha is a more potent suppressor of HDF response to profibrotic stimuli than recombinant human IFN-alpha. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2007 Jun;27(6):481-90.


Both, nHuIFN-alpha and rHuIFN-alpha antagonize the effect of exogenous transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) as measured by the alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha -SMA) and procollagen type I mRNA level, but the effect of nHuIFN-alpha is more pronounced.
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19219682 Wang T, Shi W: Expression of fibroblast activation proteins in corneal stromal neovascularization. Curr Eye Res. 2009 Feb;34(2):112-7.


Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) was examined by immunohistochemistry, and fibroblast activation protein (FAP) and a-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA) were detected by double-labeling fluorescent immunohistochemistry.
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20037602 Zou R, Xu G, Liu XC, Han M, Jiang JJ, Huang Q, He Y, Yao Y: PPARgamma agonists inhibit TGF-beta-PKA signaling in glomerulosclerosis. . J Cutan Pathol. 2008 Mar;35(3):278-84.


The deposition of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and p-cyclic AMP responsive element binding protein (pCREB) were analyzed by confocal laser scanning.
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19683985 Pilloni L, Bianco P, Manieli C, Senes G, Coni P, Atzori L, Aste N, Faa G: Immunoreactivity for alpha-smooth muscle actin characterizes a potentially aggressive subgroup of little basal cell carcinomas. Free Radic Biol Med. 2010 Apr 15;48(8):1051-63. Epub 2010 Jan 22.

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19200168 Latella G, Vetuschi A, Sferra R, Zanninelli G, D'Angelo A, Catitti V, Caprilli R, Flanders KC, Gaudio E: Smad3 loss confers resistance to the development of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colorectal fibrosis. Eur J Clin Invest. 2009 Feb;39(2):145-56.


For immunohistochemistry, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), collagen types I-III, TGF-beta1, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), Smad3, Smad7, and CD3 antibodies were used.
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19154323 Xu G, Liu A, Liu X: Aldosterone induces collagen synthesis via activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 in renal proximal tubules. Gastroenterology. 2010 Apr;138(4):1365-73


ERK1/2 activation, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), and E-cadherin were also detected by western blot.
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19385185 Zuo C, Xie X, Deng Y, Fan J: [Effect of Astragalus mongholicus on expression of transforming growth factor- beta1 in SD rats with unilateral ureteral occlusion]. 1373.e1-2. Epub 2010 Feb 13.


The expression of TGF-beta1 and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) was measured by immunohistochemistry staining sections.
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17674035 Budny T, Palmes D, Stratmann U, Minin E, Herbst H, Spiegel HU: Morphologic features in the regenerating liver--a comparative intravital, lightmicroscopical and ultrastructural analysis with focus on hepatic stellate cells. Nephrology. 2008 Dec;13(8):694-701.


Morphological features were investigated by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry [alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), Desmin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor, Ki-67, ssDNA], intravital microscopy (sinusoid density, number of hepatocytes, and HSC), and electron microscopy focussed on cell-to-cell interactions.
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19162006 Asazuma-Nakamura Y, Dai P, Harada Y, Jiang Y, Hamaoka K, Takamatsu T: Cx43 contributes to TGF-beta signaling to regulate differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. Exp Eye Res. 2009 Feb;88(2):323-30. Epub 2008 Sep 6.


Differentiation and activation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts which express alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) are essential for wound healing and tissue repair.
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17845222 Madekurozwa MC: An immunohistochemical study of the distribution of intermediate filaments in the ovary of the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae). Anat Histol Embryol. 2007 Oct;36(5):336-42.


The immunohistochemical localization of the intermediate filaments desmin, vimentin and smooth muscle actin (SMA) in the ovary of the emu was described in the present study.
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18818213 Rodriguez-Menocal L, St-Pierre M, Wei Y, Khan S, Mateu D, Calfa M, Rahnemai-Azar AA, Striker G, Pham SM, Vazquez-Padron RI: The origin of post-injury neointimal cells in the rat balloon injury model. J Cell Sci. 2008 Oct 15;121(Pt 20):3459-67. Epub 2008 Sep 30.


Post-injury neointimal cells were mostly GFP (-)/smooth muscle actin (SMA)(+), which indicated that those cells originated in the recipient.
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19146948 Maolood N, Meister B: Protein components of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the brainstem area postrema-nucleus tractus solitarius region. J Chem Neuroanat. 2009 May;37(3):182-95. Epub 2008 Dec 25.


To clarify the cellular localization of protein components of the BBB in the brainstem AP-NTS region, we used antisera to--(1) Tight junctions: claudin-5 and zona occludens-1 (ZO-1). (2) Endothelial cells: (a) all endothelial cells--rat endothelial cell antigen-1 (RECA-1) and (b) endothelial cells at BBB--endothelial barrier antigen (EBA), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and transferrin receptor (TfR). (3) Basal lamina--laminin. (4) Vascular smooth muscle cells--smooth muscle actin (SMA). (5) Pericytes--chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (NG2). (6) Glial cells: (a) astrocytes--glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), (b) tanycytes--dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kDA (DARPP-32), and (c) microglia--CD11b.
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18571460 Kim YM, Jeon ES, Kim MR, Jho SK, Ryu SW, Kim JH: Angiotensin II-induced differentiation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells to smooth muscle-like cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2008;40(11):2482-91. Epub 2008 May 18.


In this study, we demonstrate that treatment of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) with Ang II increased the expression of smooth muscle-specific genes, including alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), calponin, h-caldesmon, and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC), and also elicited the secretion of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and delayed phosphorylation of Smad2.
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18400254 Qiu X, Montgomery E, Sun B: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor and low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma: a comparative study of clinicopathologic features and further observations on the immunohistochemical profile of myofibroblasts. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2009 Nov;297(5):L805-12. Epub 2009 Jul 31.


The primary antibodies used in this study were specific for the ultrastructural subcellular components: (1) *-smooth muscle actin (*-SMA), muscle-specific actin (MSA), calponin, and h-caldesmon for myofilaments; (2) fibronectin for fibronexus; (3) laminin for basal lamina; (4) desmin and cytokeratin for intermediate filaments.
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17596522 Zhang A, Jia Z, Guo X, Yang T: Aldosterone induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition via ROS of mitochondrial origin. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2008 Sep;295(3):F707-16. Epub 2008 Jul 2.


Exposure of human renal proximal tubular cells to Aldo for 48 h dose dependently induced EMT as evidenced by conversion to the spindle-like morphology, loss of E-cadherin, and de novo expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA); the effect was noticeable at 50 nM and maximal at 100 nM.
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19659836 Kuroishi S, Suda T, Fujisawa T, Ide K, Inui N, Nakamura Y, Nakamura H, Chida K: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by transforming growth factor-beta1 in mouse tracheal epithelial cells. Am J Nephrol. 2010;31(1):58-67. Epub 2009 Nov 4.


RESULTS: Immunofluorescence staining and western blotting revealed that TGF-beta1 treatment for 14 days induced the expression of the mesenchymal markers, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and vimentin, and reduced the expression of the epithelial markers, zonula occludens-1 (Zo-1) and occludin.
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18184545 Yang D, DU YP, Shen Q, Chen W, Yu Y, Chen GL: [Expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin in renal tubulointerstitium in patients with kidney collateral stasis]. Respirology. 2009 Aug;14(6):828-37. Epub 2009 Jul 29.

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18176893 Szpak GM, Lewandowska E, Wierzba-Bobrowicz T, Bertrand E, Pasennik E, Mendel T, Stepien T, Leszczynska A, Rafalowska J: Small cerebral vessel disease in familial amyloid and non-amyloid angiopathies: FAD-PS-1 (P117L) mutation and CADASIL. Postepy Biochem. 2009;55(2):138-44.


In both diseases, IHC examination showed a reduction or loss of expression of smooth muscle actin (SMA) in tunica media of the cerebral arterioles.
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18155753 Bob FR, Gluhovschi G, Herman D, Potencz E, Gluhovschi C, Trandafirescu V, Schiller A, Petrica L, Velciov S, Bozdog G, Vernic C: Histological, immunohistochemical and biological data in assessing interstitial fibrosis in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008 Jan;49(1):262-9.


IHC labeling procedures with monoclonal antibodies anti-smooth muscle actin (SMA), anti-vimentin and anti-transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) were assessed using a semi-quantitative score, correlated with the histological and biological data.
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19894400 Lee HM, Kang HJ, Park HH, Hong SC, Kim JK, Cho JH: Effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists on myofibroblast differentiation and collagen production in nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts. Exp Cell Res. 2008 Dec 10;314(20):3654-62. Epub 2008 Oct 7.


The expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and collagen was measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactions, immunocytochemical staining, and collagen assays.
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19526758 Chai JJ, Chen YP, Rui HL: [Effects of hirsutella sinensis on TGF-beta1 and snail expressions and transdifferentiation of tubular epithelial-myofibroblast in renal tissue of rats with chronic aristolochic acid nephropathy]. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao. 2008 Nov;6(11):1136-44.


All rats were sacrificed at the end of the 12th week, their kidney was taken for examining the degree of fibrosis in renal interstitial with Masson's stain and determining mRNA and protein expressions of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), Snail, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and cytokeratin in renal tissue by Real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry staining, respectively.
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20019772 Sun Y, Liu YQ, Feng GS, Li JY: [Role of transforming growth factor beta1 in the development of atrophic gastritis]. Biol Pharm Bull. 2009 May;32(5):882-6.


METHODS: The expressions of TGFbeta1, CD68 and smooth muscle actin (SMA) were detected immunohistochemically in 10 patients with mild non-atrophic gastritis, 30 patients with mild non-metaplastic atrophic gastritis, and 32 patients with severe non-metaplastic atrophic gastritis having H.pylori infecion.
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18579759 He J, Bazan HE: Epidermal growth factor synergism with TGF-beta1 via PI-3 kinase activity in corneal keratocyte differentiation. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2008 Jun;7(3):264-70.


RCK differentiation to myofibroblasts was identified with anti-aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)-1 and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) antibodies.
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17868878 Mendelson K, Aikawa E, Mettler BA, Sales V, Martin D, Mayer JE, Schoen FJ: Healing and remodeling of bioengineered pulmonary artery patches implanted in sheep. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008 Jul;49(7):2936-45.


RESULTS: Unimplanted constructs contained alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA)-positive cells and early extracellular matrix formation (primarily glycosaminoglycans).
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19915584 Zheng YP, Liu H, Zeng H, Xiong L, Feng ZH, Sun NX: Downregulation of lentivirus-mediated ILK RNAi on tractional force generation in human retinal Muller cells. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2007 Nov;27(11):921-30.


The Muller cell phenotype change was confirmed by immunodetection of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) stress fiber formation.
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19741012 Veerasamy M, Nguyen TQ, Motazed R, Pearson AL, Goldschmeding R, Dockrell ME: Differential regulation of E-cadherin and alpha-smooth muscle actin by BMP 7 in human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells and its implication in renal fibrosis. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2009 Dec;30(12):1625-33. Epub 2009 Nov 16.

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19863672 Orzechowska BU, Manoharan M, Sprague J, Estep RD, Axthelm MK, Wong SW: Viral interleukin-6 encoded by rhesus macaque rhadinovirus is associated with lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD). Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008 Jan 18;365(3):484-9. Epub 2007 Nov 13.


Similarly to KS, RF lesion is positive for vimentin, CD117 (c-kit), and smooth muscle actin (SMA) and contains T cell, B cell and monocytes/macrophage infiltrates.
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19848252 Nishijima I, Sanai A, Yoshihara T: A relationship between mast cells and alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive cells in the nasal polyps of chronic rhinosinusitis. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 2009 Jun;(562):110-4.

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18019057 Yao H, Li SR, Liu JY, Li Z, Wu J: [Effects of Panax notoginseng on the transdifferentiation of fibroblasts in human hypertrophic scar in vitro]. Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi. 2007 Jun;23(3):188-90.


The immunocytochemistry staining method was used to detect the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin.
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19683877 Mataliotakis G, Doukas M, Kostas I, Lykissas M, Batistatou A, Beris A: Sensory innervation of the subregions of the scapholunate interosseous ligament in relation to their structural composition. J Hand Surg Am. 2009 Oct;34(8):1413-21. Epub 2009 Aug 15.


The microscopic features were investigated with use of a standard hematoxylin-eosin stain and immunostains for S-100, neurofilaments, neuron-specific enolase, protein gene product 9.5, CD31, and smooth muscle actin.
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19615014 Kluger N, Dumas-Tesici A, Hamel D, Brousse N, Fraitag S: Fibroblastic rheumatism: fibromatosis rather than non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Exp Eye Res. 2009 Sep;89(3):432-4. Epub 2009 Apr 1.


Histopathology and immunochemistry studies were performed on skin biospies using CD68, CD163, desmin, factor XIIIa, CD34, smooth muscle actin, PS100, epithelial membrane antigen, and calponin.
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17941111 Henderson JA, He X, Jabbari E: Concurrent differentiation of marrow stromal cells to osteogenic and vasculogenic lineages. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 2008;42(4):169-73.


Sheets of abundant Pecam (CD31), Flk-1 (VEGFR-2), tomato lectin (TL/LEL), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) positive cells were observed in the collagen scaffolds.
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19159945 Tamura M, Aizawa R, Hori M, Ozaki H: Progressive renal dysfunction and macrophage infiltration in interstitial fibrosis in an adenine-induced tubulointerstitial nephritis mouse model. Histochem Cell Biol. 2009 Apr;131(4):483-90. Epub 2009 Jan 22.


In renal tissue, mRNA expression of MCP-1, MIP-1alpha, RANTES, IL-1beta, CCR2, TGF-beta, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and collagen 1a1 was increased in parallel.
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19650157 Osterreicher CH, Taura K, De Minicis S, Seki E, Penz-Osterreicher M, Kodama Y, Kluwe J, Schuster M, Oudit GY, Penninger JM, Brenner DA: Angiotensin-converting-enzyme 2 inhibits liver fibrosis in mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009 Nov;50(11):5318-27. Epub 2009 Jun 10.


Liver pathology was analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry, alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) immunoblotting, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).
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18952846 Kita T, Hata Y, Arita R, Kawahara S, Miura M, Nakao S, Mochizuki Y, Enaida H, Goto Y, Shimokawa H, Hafezi-Moghadam A, Ishibashi T: Role of TGF-beta in proliferative vitreoretinal diseases and ROCK as a therapeutic target. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Nov 11;105(45):17504-9. Epub 2008 Oct 24.


PDR or PVR vitreous promoted expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC), a downstream mediator of Rho-kinase (ROCK), both of which were dramatically but incompletely suppressed by TGF-beta blockade.
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19252091 Berni R, Savi M, Bocchi L, Delucchi F, Musso E, Chaponnier C, Gabbiani G, Clement S, Stilli D: Modulation of actin isoform expression before the transition from experimental compensated pressure-overload cardiac hypertrophy to decompensation. Clin Sci. 2009 Sep 14;117(11):375-86.


Then subgroups of AC (1) and AC (2) left ventricles (LV) were used to evaluate 1) LV anatomy and fibrosis (morphometry), 2) expression levels (immunoblotting) and spatial distribution (immunohistochemistry) of alpha-skeletal actin (alpha-SKA), alpha-cardiac actin (alpha-CA), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), and 3) cell mechanics and calcium transients in enzimatically isolated myocytes.
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19877031 Bogatkevich GS, Ludwicka-Bradley A, Silver RM: Dabigatran, a direct thrombin inhibitor, demonstrates antifibrotic effects on lung fibroblasts. Arthritis Rheum. 2009 Nov;60(11):3455-64.


Expression and organization of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) was studied by immunofluorescence staining and immunoblotting.
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19349682 Wang L, Ning W, Tao L, Wang L, Peng Z: [Dynamic observation of enalapril on the expression of TGF-beta1, CTGF, Smad7 and alpha-SMA in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction]. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2009 Mar;34(3):252-8.


OBJECTIVE: To dynamically observe the effect of enalapril on the expression of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), and Smad7 in the obstructed kidney after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in rats, and to investigate the effect of enalapril on transdifferentiation of renal tubular epithelial cells.
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20209917 Zhou J, Zhang Y, Lu H, Liu Y, Lin M: [Effect of salvianolic acid B on generation and activation of myofibroblast in rat with renal interstitial fibrosis]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2009 Nov;34(21):2790-3.


The expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) in kidney was determined with immunohistochemistry.
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18408251 Farina G, Lemaire R, Pancari P, Bayle J, Widom RL, Lafyatis R: Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein expression in systemic sclerosis reveals heterogeneity of dermal fibroblast responses to transforming growth factor beta. Oncol Rep. 2008 Jul;20(1):13-23.


COMP, alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and TGFbeta were assessed in skin sections and in cultured fibroblasts by immunohistochemistry.
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19073841 Mookerjee I, Hewitson TD, Halls ML, Summers RJ, Mathai ML, Bathgate RA, Tregear GW, Samuel CS: Relaxin inhibits renal myofibroblast differentiation via RXFP1, the nitric oxide pathway, and Smad2. FASEB J. 2009 Apr;23(4):1219-29. Epub 2008 Dec 10.


Cultures containing approximately 60-70% myofibroblasts were used to determine which relaxin receptors, G-proteins, and signaling pathways were involved in the H2 relaxin-mediated regulation of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA; a marker of myofibroblast differentiation).
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18759748 Srisawat N, Manotham K, Eiam-Ong S, Katavetin P, Praditpornsilpa K, Eiam-Ong S: Erythropoietin and its non-erythropoietic derivative: do they ameliorate renal tubulointerstitial injury in ureteral obstruction?. Histochem Cell Biol. 2009 Jul;132(1):11-9. Epub 2009 Apr 19.


After days 3, 7, and 14 of UUO, TI injury, collagen, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) positive cell, ED1-positive cell, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) mediated nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cell, and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) were determined.
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19143945 Efrati S, Berman S, Chachashvili A, Cohen N, Siman-Tov Y, Averbukh Z, Weissgarten J: Rosiglitazone treatment attenuates renal tissue inflammation generated by urinary tract obstruction. Nephrology. 2009 Apr;14(2):189-97.


Apoptosis rates, extracellular matrix deposition, PPAR-gamma, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression and macrophage infiltration were assessed by specific immunohistological stainings.
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19857050 Medeiros JL, Nicolau RA, Nicola EM, Dos Santos JN, Pinheiro AL: Healing of Surgical Wounds Made with lambda970-nm Diode Laser Associated or Not with Laser Phototherapy (lambda655 nm) or Polarized Light (lambda400-2000 nm). Photomed Laser Surg. 2009 Oct 26.


Specimens were taken, routinely processed, stained and imunnomarked [HE (hematoxylin-eosin), sirius red, alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA)], and underwent histological analysis.
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17960752 Demidova-Rice TN, Salomatina EV, Yaroslavsky AN, Herman IM, Hamblin MR: Low-level light stimulates excisional wound healing in mice. Microcirculation. 2008 Aug;15(6):515-29.


LLLT increased the number of alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA)-positive cells at the wound edge.
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19134459 Chen TF, Chen M, Qin JH, Wang MY: [Interventional effects of emodin on transforming growth factor-beta1/integrin-linked kinase signal way in interleukin-1beta-induced transdifferentiation of rat tubular epithelial-myofibroblasts]. J Refract Surg. 2008 Nov;24(9):923-7.


The expressions of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and E-cadherin were detected by two-color immunohistochemical staining, while the expressions of TGF-beta1 and ILK were detected by one-color immunohistochemical staining.
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19797174 Bujak M, Dobaczewski M, Gonzalez-Quesada C, Xia Y, Leucker T, Zymek P, Veeranna V, Tager AM, Luster AD, Frangogiannis NG: Induction of the CXC chemokine interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 regulates the reparative response following myocardial infarction. Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi. 2008 Feb 28;26(1):10-5


IP-10 (-/-) infarcts had more intense infiltration with CD45 (+) leukocytes, Mac-2 (+) macrophages, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA)(+) myofibroblasts than WT infarcts but exhibited reduced recruitment of the subpopulations of leukocytes, T lymphocytes and alpha-SMA (+) cells that expressed CXCR3, the IP-10 receptor.
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20092986 Kobayashi H, Tanaka Y, Asagiri K, Asakawa T, Tanikawa K, Kage M, Yagi M: The antioxidant effect of green tea catechin ameliorates experimental liver injury. 20.


Finally, we performed Azan staining and immunohistochemical staining of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) to evaluate the degree of fibrosis.
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19304912 Dasgupta C, Sakurai R, Wang Y, Guo P, Ambalavanan N, Torday JS, Rehan VK: Hyperoxia-induced neonatal rat lung injury involves activation of TGF-{beta} and Wnt signaling and is protected by rosiglitazone. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2009 Dec;297(6):F1510-7.


These changes were also accompanied by upregulation of myogenic marker proteins alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and calponin but significant downregulation of the lipogenic marker peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) expression.
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17999372 Nishimura T, Hirata H, Tsujii M, Iida R, Hoki Y, Iino T, Ogawa S, Uchida A: Pathomechanism of entrapment neuropathy in diabetic and nondiabetic rats reared in wire cages. Folia Neuropathol. 2007;45(4):192-204.


The anti-alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) positive myofibroblast was scattered in nerve fascicles overexpressing Tenascin-C.
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17912473 Reisenauer C, Shiozawa T, Oppitz M, Busch C, Kirschniak A, Fehm T, Drews U: The role of smooth muscle in the pathogenesis of pelvic organ prolapse--an immunohistochemical and morphometric analysis of the cervical third of the uterosacral ligament. Perit Dial Int. 2008 Jun;28 Suppl 3:S88-95.


In samples obtained from hysterectomy patients, the smooth muscle component of the cervical third of the USL was studied by smooth muscle actin (SMA) immunohistochemistry as indicator for structural abnormalities and by morphometric determination of nuclear size as measure for the functional state.
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19322915 Brenmoehl J, Miller SN, Hofmann C, Vogl D, Falk W, Scholmerich J, Rogler G: Transforming growth factor-beta 1 induces intestinal myofibroblast differentiation and modulates their migration. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 2010 Jan;30(1):76-9.


METHODS: Primary CLPF cultures were incubated with TGF-beta 1 and analyzed for production of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), fibronectin (FN) and FN isoforms.
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17927587 Nicolas MM, Wu Y, Middleton LP, Gilcrease MZ: Loss of myoepithelium is variable in solid papillary carcinoma of the breast. Liver Int. 2009 May;29(5):642-9. Epub 2008 Jul 30.


Immunohistochemistry for smooth muscle actin (SMA) and p63 was evaluated on the circumscribed nests that appeared to be non-invasive by haematoxylin and eosin morphology.
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20088699 Chaterji S, Park K, Panitch A: Scaffold-Free In Vitro Arterial Mimetics: The Importance of Smooth Muscle-Endothelium Contact. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009 Jun;50(6):2695-701. Epub 2009 Jan 24.


Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and heparin were introduced to the SMC cultures to upregulate the SMC differentiation markers, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and calponin (homotypic model).
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20225612 Gao Y, Peng X, Jin ZF, Fu ZJ: [Expression of FAP and alpha-SMA during the incised wound healing in mice skin]. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008 Aug;23(8 Pt 2):e318-24. Epub 2008 May 26.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the time-dependent expression of fibroblast activation protein (FAP) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) during the incised wound healing of the skin in mice.
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19519830 Adams DH, Ruzehaji N, Strudwick XL, Greenwood JE, Campbell HD, Arkell R, Cowin AJ: Attenuation of Flightless I, an actin-remodelling protein, improves burn injury repair via modulation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 and TGF-beta3. Toxicol Pathol. 2008;36(6):866-70. Epub 2008 Sep 5.


Anti-alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) was decreased in Flii (+/-) burns suggesting a decrease in contractile myofibroblasts in the developing scars.
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19679427 Bir SC, Esaki J, Marui A, Yamahara K, Tsubota H, Ikeda T, Sakata R: Angiogenic properties of sustained release platelet-rich plasma: characterization in-vitro and in the ischemic hind limb of the mouse. Arthritis Rheum. 2008 Jan;58(1):292-301.


Endpoint evaluations were blood perfusion by laser Doppler perfusion image, vascular density by anti Von Willebrand factor (vWF), and mature vessel density by anti smooth muscle actin (SMA) antibody.
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19453915 van der Wielen GJ, Vermeij M, de Jong BW, Schuit M, Marijnissen J, Kok DJ, van Weerden WM, Incrocci L: Changes in the penile arteries of the rat after fractionated irradiation of the prostate: a pilot study. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2009 Nov;297(5):F1238-48. Epub 2009 Sep 9.


The penile tissue was further evaluated after combined staining for collagen (resorcin fuchsin) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) (Biogenex).
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20106566 Shi H, Dong L, Zhang Y, Bai Y, Zhao J, Zhang L: Protective effect of a coffee preparation (Nescafe pure (R)) against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2008 Feb;324(2):475-83. Epub 2007 Nov 20.


Intragastric administration of a coffee preparation reduced the protein expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and the glucose-regulated proteins (GRP) 78 and 94 in rats increased by CCl (4).
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19304508 Hu FY, Hu XC, Ma CL, Xu J, Yu XB: [Excretory/secretory antigens from Clonorchis sinensis induces hepatic fibrosis in rats]. J Med Primatol. 2009 Oct;38 Suppl 1:2-7.


HE staining and immunofluorescence staining were performed to detect the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) to examine the proliferation and the activity of hepatic stellate cells.
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20339928 Jiang Y, Ding G, Lu S: Behavior of dermal fibroblasts on microdot arrays yields insight into wound healing mechanisms. Mol Vis. 2009 Oct 21;15:2123-8.


The morphology, expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), proliferation, apoptotic cells, and soluble collagen production of cells were measured.
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17579091 Vepachedu R, Gorska MM, Singhania N, Cosgrove GP, Brown KK, Alam R: Unc119 regulates myofibroblast differentiation through the activation of Fyn and the p38 MAPK pathway. Arch Med Res. 2008 Nov;39(8):743-52.


We have shown that Unc119 stimulates the induction of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and myofibroblast differentiation by TGF-beta in human lung fibroblasts.
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20134119 Devkota B, Sasaki M, Matsui M, Takahashi KI, Matsuzaki S, Koseki T, Miyake YI: Effects of Scrotal Insulation and Pathological Lesions on alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin (SMA) and Vimentin in the Bull Testes. J Reprod Dev. 2010 Feb 5.

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20089843 Tsapara A, Luthert P, Greenwood J, Hill CS, Matter K, Balda MS: The RhoA activator GEF-H1/Lfc is a transforming growth factor-beta target gene and effector that regulates alpha-smooth muscle actin expression and cell migration. Mol Biol Cell. 2010 Mar;21(6):860-70. Epub 2010 Jan 20.

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18564284 Missall TA, Burkemper NM, Jensen SL, Hurley MY: Immunohistochemical differentiation of four benign eccrine tumors. J Cutan Pathol. 2009 Feb;36(2):190-6. Epub 2008 Jun 17.


METHODS: Ten examples each of normal eccrine structures and of four benign eccrine tumors are analyzed with antibodies to cytokeratin (CK) 7, CD34, CK6, CK10, smooth muscle actin (SMA) and CD10.
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20131370 Johnson BQ, Fox R, Chen X, Thibeault S: Tissue regeneration of the vocal fold using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and synthetic extracellular matrix injections in rats. Laryngoscope. 2010 Mar;120(3):537-45.


Outcomes measured 1 month after treatment included procollagen-III, fibronectin, hyaluronan synthase-III (HAS3), hyaluronidase (HYAL3), smooth muscle actin (SMA), and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1) mRNA expression.
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18988918 Sugiura H, Ichikawa T, Koarai A, Yanagisawa S, Minakata Y, Matsunaga K, Hirano T, Akamatsu K, Ichinose M: Activation of Toll-like receptor 3 augments myofibroblast differentiation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2009 Jun;40(6):654-62. Epub 2008 Nov 6.


Human fetal lung fibroblasts (HFL-1) and adult lung fibroblasts were treated with a synthetic double-stranded RNA, polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (poly [I:C]) and the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), a marker of myofibroblast differentiation, was evaluated.
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18064666 Okada Y, Tsuzuki Y, Hokari R, Miyazaki J, Matsuzaki K, Mataki N, Komoto S, Watanabe C, Kawaguchi A, Nagao S, Itoh K, Miura S: Pressure loading and ethanol exposure differentially modulate rat hepatic stellate cell activation. J Cell Physiol. 2008 May;215(2):472-80.


We also determined the expression levels of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) by Western blot analysis and the level of collagen IV and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) by ELISA.
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18840652 Vaahtomeri K, Ventela E, Laajanen K, Katajisto P, Wipff PJ, Hinz B, Vallenius T, Tiainen M, Makela TP: Lkb1 is required for TGFbeta-mediated myofibroblast differentiation. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi. 2008 Nov;47(11):901-5.


Also, myofibroblast differentiation of Lkb1 (-/-) MEFs is defective, resulting in a markedly decreased formation of alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA)-positive stress fibers and reduced contractility.
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20043323 Ramani K, Yang H, Kuhlenkamp J, Tomasi L, Tsukamoto H, Mato JM, Lu SC: Changes in the expression of methionine adenosyltransferase genes and S-adenosylmethionine homeostasis during hepatic stellate cell activation. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2010 Jan;31(1):43-50. Epub 2009 Dec 28.


MAT2A silencing in primary HSCs and MAT2A or MAT2beta silencing in the human stellate cell line LX-2 resulted in decreased collagen and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression and cell growth and increased apoptosis.
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18581895 Li HL, Zheng FL, Zhao B: [Effects of induction of tubular epithelial-myofibroblast transition by monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and mechanism thereof: an in vitro experiment]. Hepatology. 2009 Sep;50(3):929-38.


The expressions of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) mRNA and protein of cells were detected by s.
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18955978 Wang J, Dodd C, Shankowsky HA, Scott PG, Tredget EE: Deep dermal fibroblasts contribute to hypertrophic scarring. Lab Invest. 2008 Dec;88(12):1278-90. Epub 2008 Oct 27.


In western blot, FACS and collagen gel assays, fibroblasts from the deeper layers produced more alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), had higher alpha-SMA positive cells and contracted collagen gels more.
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19604271 Zhao L, Xiao K, Wang H, Wang Z, Sun L, Zhang F, Zhang X, Tang F, He W: Thalidomide has a therapeutic effect on interstitial lung fibrosis: evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies. Clin Exp Immunol. 2009 Aug;157(2):310-5.


The effects of THD on trans-differentiation process or differentiated MF were evaluated by measuring hydroxyproline (HYP) content by alkaline hydrolysis colorimetry, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) protein by Western blot and alpha-SMA and pro-collagen III mRNA expressions by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; in vivo, a mouse model of ILF was generated by daily subcutaneous injection of bleomycin (BLM) in female C3H mice.
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18988308 Xie XS, Yang M, Liu HC, Zuo C, Li Z, Deng Y, Fan JM: Influence of ginsenoside Rg1, a panaxatriol saponin from Panax notoginseng, on renal fibrosis in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction. Eur J Histochem. 2009 Apr-Jun;53(2):113-6.


Histological examination demonstrated that ginsenoside Rg1 significantly inhibited interstitial fibrosis including tubular injury as well as collagen deposition. alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and E-cadherin are two markers of tubular epithelial-myofibroblast transition (TEMT).
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19107744 Wang GJ, Huang YJ, Chen DH, Lin YL: Ganoderma lucidum extract attenuates the proliferation of hepatic stellate cells by blocking the PDGF receptor. Phytother Res. 2009 Jun;23(6):833-9.


Flow cytometry using propidium iodide (PI) labeling was carried out to analyse the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. alpha-Smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) was used to evaluate extracellular matrix deposition, and western blotting was performed to measure cyclins D1 and D2, and phosphorylation of the PDGFbeta-receptor (PDGFbetaR), Akt and JNK.
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18790992 Ichikawa T, Sugiura H, Koarai A, Yanagisawa S, Kanda M, Hayata A, Furukawa K, Akamatsu K, Hirano T, Nakanishi M, Matsunaga K, Minakata Y, Ichinose M: Peroxynitrite augments fibroblast-mediated tissue remodeling via myofibroblast differentiation. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2009 Jan;34(2):193-8.


Human fetal lung fibroblasts were treated with various concentrations of authentic peroxynitrite or a peroxynitrite donor 3-morpholinosydnonimine hydrochloride (SIN-1), and the expressions of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and desmin, markers of myofibroblast differentiation, were evaluated.
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20329492 Disatian S, Lacerda C, Orton EC: Tryptophan hydroxylase 1 expression is increased in phenotype-altered canine and human degenerative myxomatous mitral valves. J Heart Valve Dis. 2010 Jan;19(1):71-8.


Co-localization of TPH1 expression with markers of IC phenotype transformation, alpha-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA) and non-muscle embryonic myosin (SMemb) was determined using double-IFM.
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19024302 You GQ, Fu P, Xie XS, Liu F, Li J: [Effects of piperazine ferulate on TGF-beta1-induced renal interstitial fibroblast activation]. Cardiovasc Res. 2009 Jan 1;81(1):46-53. Epub 2008 Sep 25.


The protein expression levels of a-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) induced by TGF-beta1 were evaluated by immunocytochemistry.
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18448597 Huang XR, Chung AC, Wang XJ, Lai KN, Lan HY: Mice overexpressing latent TGF-beta1 are protected against renal fibrosis in obstructive kidney disease. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi. 2007 Dec;15(12):902-5.


Compared with the WT mice, quantitative real-time PCR showed that upregulation of renal alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA), collagen I, and collagen III mRNA was inhibited in Tg mice (60-70% reduced, all P < 0.01).
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18609274 Stangou M, Alexopoulos E, Pantzaki A, Leonstini M, Memmos D: C5b-9 glomerular deposition and tubular alpha (3) beta (1)-integrin expression are implicated in the development of chronic lesions and predict renal function outcome in immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2007 Sep;293(3):F723-31. Epub 2007 Jun 27.


Monoclonal antibodies used were against C5b-9, alpha (3) beta (1)-integrin, transforming growth factor-beta (1) (TGF-beta (1)) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), and the results were correlated with histological data and long-term outcome of renal function.
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18498544 Ahn MH, Park BJ, Kwon JH, An SH, Park JW, Jang AS, Rhim T, Park CS: Asp-Tyr-Leu-Lys tetrapeptide inhibits airway inflammation in toluene-2,4-diisocyanate-induced asthma mice. J Nephrol. 2009 May-Jun;22(3):403-10.


Muc5ac, smooth muscle actin (SMA) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein expression was analysed on trachea and intrapulmonary bronchi using immunohistochemical stain.
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18802012 Hao Q, Liu J, Pappu R, Su H, Rola R, Gabriel RA, Lee CZ, Young WL, Yang GY: Contribution of bone marrow-derived cells associated with brain angiogenesis is primarily through leukocytes and macrophages. J Vasc Res. 2010;47(1):9-15. Epub 2009 Aug 6.


The GFP-positive BMDCs were colocalized with CD45 (94%), CD68 (71%), 5% Vimentin (5%), CD31/von Willebrand factor (vWF) (1%), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha -SMA, 0.5%).
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18065393 Jeon ES, Moon HJ, Lee MJ, Song HY, Kim YM, Cho M, Suh DS, Yoon MS, Chang CL, Jung JS, Kim JH: Cancer-derived lysophosphatidic acid stimulates differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells to myofibroblast-like cells. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2008 Mar;19(3):383-9. Epub 2007 Oct 2.


In the present study, we demonstrate that LPA induces expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), a marker for myofibroblasts, in human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs).
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19185565 Dalton SR, Lee SM, King RN, Nanji AA, Kharbanda KK, Casey CA, McVicker BL: Carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in asialoglycoprotein receptor-deficient mice. Mol Cell Biochem. 2008 Jan;308(1-2):201-7. Epub 2007 Oct 20.


The consequences of CCl (4) injection were examined by measuring alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) deposition, contents of malondialdehyde and the percentage of apoptotic hepatocytes.
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19296469 Van Hul NK, Abarca-Quinones J, Sempoux C, Horsmans Y, Leclercq IA: Relation between liver progenitor cell expansion and extracellular matrix deposition in a CDE-induced murine model of chronic liver injury. Histol Histopathol. 2008 Feb;23(2):157-66.


Moreover, LPCs infiltrating the liver parenchyma are chaperoned by alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA)-positive cells.
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18055804 Honjo M, Tanihara H, Kameda T, Kawaji T, Yoshimura N, Araie M: Potential role of Rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor Y-27632 in glaucoma filtration surgery. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2009 Apr;29(4):732-3.


The cytoskeleton and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression were examined via immunohistochemistry.
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19822338 Yabuki A, Mitani S, Fujiki M, Misumi K, Endo Y, Miyoshi N, Yamato O: Comparative study of chronic kidney disease in dogs and cats: induction of myofibroblasts. Phytother Res. 2009 Jul;23(7):927-32.


Immunohistochemical expression of myofibroblast markers, alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and vimentin, were evaluated quantitatively.
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20212046 Zhang L, Xie P, Wang J, Yang Q, Fang C, Zhou S, Li J: Impaired peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-{gamma} contributes to phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells during hypertension. Tissue Eng Part A. 2010 Mar 15.


Both spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) aortas and SHR-derived VSMCs exhibited reduced PPAR-gamma expression and excessive VSMC phenotypic modulation identified by reduced contractile proteins, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and smooth muscle 22alpha (SM22alpha), and enhanced proliferation and migration.
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19641531 Cucchiarini M, Schetting S, Terwilliger EF, Kohn D, Madry H: rAAV-mediated overexpression of FGF-2 promotes cell proliferation, survival, and alpha-SMA expression in human meniscal lesions. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2008 Oct;34(5):532-46. Epub 2007 Nov 14.


Effects of the treatment on cell proliferation and survival, extracellular matrix synthesis, and expression of the alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) contractile marker were monitored using biochemical, immunohistochemical, histological, and histomorphometric analyses.
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18612943 Lin YL, Wu CF, Huang YT: Phenols from the roots of Rheum palmatum attenuate chemotaxis in rat hepatic stellate cells. Cardiovasc Pathol. 2007 Sep-Oct;16(5):277-82. Epub 2007 Jun 21.


In liver injury, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) acquire an activated phenotype, migrate to the injured region in response to chemotactic factors and produce extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins including alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and collagen in order to repair the damage.
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18929840 Kao YH, Jawan B, Goto S, Hung CT, Lin YC, Nakano T, Hsu LW, Lai CY, Tai MH, Chen CL: High-mobility group box 1 protein activates hepatic stellate cells in vitro. Nephrology. 2009 Aug;14(5):499-505.

RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis were used to measure alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression.
RESULTS: HMGB1 at concentrations > 1 ng/mL significantly stimulated HSC growth as revealed by proliferation and BrdU assays. alpha-SMA gene and protein expression were significantly up-regulated by HMGB1, whereas the MMP-2, but not MMP-9, activity was suppressed by HMGB1 treatment.
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17664003 Todros T, Marzioni D, Lorenzi T, Piccoli E, Capparuccia L, Perugini V, Cardaropoli S, Romagnoli R, Gesuita R, Rolfo A, Paulesu L, Castellucci M: Evidence for a role of TGF-beta1 in the expression and regulation of alpha-SMA in fetal growth restricted placentae. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2007 Nov;43(5):616-26. Epub 2007 Aug 16.


There is evidence that alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) is a protein that plays a pivotal role in the production of contractile forces and it is induced by transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1).
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18586873 Nakashizuka H, Mitsumata M, Okisaka S, Shimada H, Kawamura A, Mori R, Yuzawa M: Clinicopathologic findings in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. J Sex Med. 2009 Jul;6(7):1908-13. Epub 2009 Apr 23.


Immunohistochemical studies were also performed to identify CD34, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CD68, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha.
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17934809 Chu CM, Shyu WC, Liaw YF: Comparative studies on expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin in hepatic stellate cells in chronic hepatitis B and C. Int J Parasitol. 2010 Feb;40(2):163-74. Epub 2009 Jul 23.

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20333560 Kamath KP, Vidya M, Shetty N, Karkera BV, Jogi H: Nucleolar Organizing Regions and alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin Expression in a Case of Ameloblastic Carcinoma. Head Neck Pathol. 2010 Mar 24.

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18571490 Kalajzic Z, Li H, Wang LP, Jiang X, Lamothe K, Adams DJ, Aguila HL, Rowe DW, Kalajzic I: Use of an alpha-smooth muscle actin GFP reporter to identify an osteoprogenitor population. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2008 Sep;39(5):736-9

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19585565 Funakoshi T, Martin SD, Wolf BT, Schmid TM, Thornhill TS, Spector M: alpha-Smooth muscle actin-expressing cells and lubricin in periprosthetic tissue. Hum Pathol. 2008 Jun;39(6):846-56. Epub 2008 Apr 8.

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19947919 Paduch R, Kandefer-Szerszen M, Szuster-Ciesielska A, Plewka K: Transforming growth factor-beta1 modulates metalloproteinase-2 and -9, nitric oxide, RhoA and alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in colon adenocarcinoma cells. Cell Biol Int. 2010 Jan 25;34(2):213-23.

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17943180 Thielitz A, Vetter RW, Schultze B, Wrenger S, Simeoni L, Ansorge S, Neubert K, Faust J, Lindenlaub P, Gollnick HP, Reinhold D: Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV-like activity mediate antifibrotic effects in normal and keloid-derived skin fibroblasts. Med Sci Monit. 2009 Jul;15(7):BR194-201.


In a mouse model of dermal fibrosis, induced by repetitive intracutaneous injections of TGF-beta (1), the profibrotic effect of TGF-beta (1) detected by dermal thickening, collagen I, and alpha-smooth muscle actin expression, is significantly suppressed in the presence of inhibitors.
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19080126 Liu DG, Wang TM: Role of connective tissue growth factor in experimental radiation nephropathy in rats. Chin Med J. 2008 Oct 5;121(19):1925-31.


The expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, type III collagen and type IV collagen was also high in the irradiated kidney as compared to control rat kidneys (P < 0.05), and was most severe at the sixth and ninth month after irradiation (P < 0.01).
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19636108 Zhang L, Spector M: Comparison of three types of chondrocytes in collagen scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. Biomed Mater. 2009 Jul 28;4(4):45012.


Related aims were to investigate the expression of a contractile muscle actin isoform, alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA), in the cells in the scaffold and to determine the presence of a lubricating glycoprotein, lubricin, in the constructs.
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20015943 Yadav A, Vallabu S, Kumar D, Ding G, Charney DN, Chander PN, Singhal PC: HIVAN phenotype: consequence of epithelial mesenchymal transdifferentiation. Macromol Biosci. 2008 Jun 11;8(6):499-507.


Renal cortical sections from six FVB/N (control) and six Tg26 (HIVAN) mice were immunolabeled for PCNA, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), fibroblast-specific protein-1 (FSP1), CD3, and F4/80.
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20139407 Sanchez-Pozos K, Lee-Montiel F, Perez-Villalva R, Uribe N, Gamba G, Bazan-Perkins B, Bobadilla NA: Polymerized type I collagen reduces chronic cyclosporine nephrotoxicity. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2010 Feb 5.


The mRNA expression levels of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), kidney injury molecule (Kim-1), alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), glutathione peroxidase, catalase and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as MnSOD were assessed.
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19836061 Alkafafy M, Elnasharty M, Sayed-Ahmed A, Abdrabou M: Immunohistochemical studies of the epididymal duct in Egyptian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Acta Histochem. 2009 Oct 14.


Primary antibodies against angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), S-100, galactosyltransferase (GalTase), alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), connexin 43 (Cx43) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were used for immunohistochemical studies.
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17651609 Niu ZW, Zhao HW: [The effects of transforming growth factor-beta1 on the differentiation of BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts into myofibroblasts and the change of Egr-1 expression]. Hepatology. 2010 Mar;51(3):986-95.


The expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) was detected by flow cytometer after incubation for 24, 48, and 72 h.
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18353212 Rao HY, Li J, Zhang LF, Chen HY, Zhu LM, Wei L, Sun Y, Wang H: [Effect of pegylated interferon beta-1a therapy on the liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C: a semi-quantitative analysis]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2008 Jan 8;88(2):96-100.


Immunohistochemical analysis was used to examine the levels of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), marker of activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and collagen type III in the HSCs.
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20028211 Szigeti R, Chumpitazi BP, Finegold MJ, Ranganathan S, Craigen WJ, Carter BA, Tatevian N: Absent smooth muscle actin immunoreactivity of the small bowel muscularis propria circular layer in association with chromosome 15q11 deletion in Megacystis-Microcolon-Intestinal Hypoperistalsis Syndrome. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2009 May;296(5):H1625-32. Epub 2009 Feb 27.

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18363104 Tokunaga T, Ikegami T, Yoshizumi T, Imura S, Morine Y, Shinohara H, Shimada M: Beneficial effects of fluvastatin on liver microcirculation and regeneration after massive hepatectomy in rats. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2008 Nov;9(11):885-94.


Furthermore, the expression of alpha smooth-muscle actin (alpha-SMA) protein in the liver was inhibited in group F at 48 h after hepatectomy.
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19014648 Kapoor M, Liu S, Huh K, Parapuram S, Kennedy L, Leask A: Connective tissue growth factor promoter activity in normal and wounded skin. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2009 Dec 22.


Unwounded (day 0) and wounded (days 3 and 7) skin was examined for GFP to detect cells in which the CTGF promoter was active, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) to detect myofibroblasts, and NG2 expression to detect pericytes.
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17922224 Wu LM, Wu XX, Sun Y, Kong XW, Zhang YH, Xu Q: A novel synthetic oleanolic acid derivative (CPU-II2) attenuates liver fibrosis in mice through regulating the function of hepatic stellate cells. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009 Mar;68(3):435-41. Epub 2008 Apr 13.


CPU-II2 also attenuated the mRNA expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase type 1 (TIMP-1) induced by CCl4 in mice and reduced both mRNA and protein levels of alpha-SMA in HSC-T6 cells.
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18365870 Solini A, Santini E, Madec S, Cuccato S, Ferrannini E: Effects of endothelin-1 on fibroblasts from type 2 diabetic patients: Possible role in wound healing and tissue repair. Growth Factors. 2007 Dec;25(6):392-9.


We compared the effect of ET-1 on proliferative transforming growth factor (TGFbeta (1)) expression, fibronectin and laminin release), differentiative [alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression] and inflammatory [monocyte chemo-attractant protein (MCP-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression] responses in skin fibroblasts of healthy subjects (C) and D, testing the relative role of ET (A) and ET (B) receptors in mediating these responses.
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20197616 Liu X, Zhang H, Sun J, Yu X, Liao Q: [Effect of TGF-beta1 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition of rat peritoneal mesothelial cells and its mechanism.]. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2010 Feb;35(2):159-64.


The mRNA and protein expression levels of E-cadherin, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and collagenIwere measured by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively.
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18790182 Cheng F, Li Y, Feng L, Li S: Hepatic stellate cell activation and hepatic fibrosis induced by ischemia/reperfusion injury. Transplant Proc. 2008 Sep;40(7):2167-70.


Samples from normal, sham, and ischemic liver tissues were collected at intervals of 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, or 30 days after operation (n = 5 for each time point) for hematoxylin-eosin (H&E;), Mallory's trichrome, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) immunohistochemical stains for fibrosis and activation of hepatic stellate cell (HSCs).
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19747592 Chaurasia SS, Kaur H, de Medeiros FW, Smith SD, Wilson SE: Reprint of "Dynamics of the expression of intermediate filaments vimentin and desmin during myofibroblast differentiation after corneal injury". Exp Eye Res. 2009 Oct;89(4):590-6.


The purpose of this study was to examine potential myofibroblast progenitor cells that might express other filament markers prior to completion of the differentiation pathway that yields alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA)-expressing myofibroblasts associated with haze localized beneath the epithelial basement membrane after PRK.
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20219823 Kim J, Kim DS, Park M, Cho HJ, Zervos AS, Bonventre JV, Park KM: Omi/HtrA2 protease is associated with tubular cell apoptosis and fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2010 Mar 10.


Furthermore, Omi inhibitor significantly attenuated UUO-induced increases of fibrotic characteristics in the kidney, including the atrophy and dilation of tubules, expansion of the interstitium, and increases in the expression of collagens, a-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA), and fibronectin.
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19696546 Maeng LS, Chang ED, Chae HS, Kim JS, Min JY, Sohn HS, Rho SY, Kim HK, Cho YS, Choi KY, Lee HK: [Therapeutic effect of allogenic bone marrow transplantation in acute TNBS-induced colitis]. Lasers Surg Med. 2007 Oct;39(9):706-15.


The immunostaining of vimentin and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) for myofibroblasts was performed.
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19579288 Bruno S, Bussolati B, Grange C, Collino F, di Cantogno LV, Herrera MB, Biancone L, Tetta C, Segoloni G, Camussi G: Isolation and characterization of resident mesenchymal stem cells in human glomeruli. Stem Cells Dev. 2009 Jul-Aug;18(6):867-80.


Moreover, Gl-MSC when cultured in appropriate conditions, acquired mesangial cell markers such as alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and angiotensin II (AT-II) receptor I.
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19940066 Pattabiraman PP, Rao PV: Mechanistic basis of Rho GTPase-induced extracellular matrix synthesis in trabecular meshwork cells. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao. 2008 Jan;6(1):41-4.


TM cells expressing RhoAV14 exhibited significant increases in fibronectin, tenascin C, laminin, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) levels, and matrix assembly in association with increased actin stress fibers and myosin light-chain phosphorylation.
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20062961 Vercelino R, Crespo I, de Souza GF, Cuevas MJ, de Oliveira MG, Marroni NP, Gonzalez-Gallego J, Tunon MJ: S-nitroso-N-acetylcysteine attenuates liver fibrosis in cirrhotic rats. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao. 2009 Jan;7(1):59-64.


Histological changes were attenuated and there was a significant decrease in the area of liver fibrosis and in the activation of stellate cells measured by alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) immunostaining.
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18397901 Machado de Sousa SO, Linhares Ferrazzo K, Mota Loyola A, Dos Santos JN, de Araujo VC: Immunoprofile of kuttner tumor (chronic sclerosing sialadenitis). . Circ Res. 2009 Nov 6;105(10):973-83. Epub 2009 Sep 24.


Smooth muscle actin (SMA) was expressed by myofibroblasts in periductal fibrosis, and an intense expression of extracellular components was also seen.
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19703598 Bloch K, Vanichkin A, Damshkaln LG, Lozinsky VI, Vardi P: Vascularization of wide pore agarose-gelatin cryogel scaffolds implanted subcutaneously in diabetic and non-diabetic mice. Stem Cells. 2008 Mar;26(3):789-97. Epub 2007 Dec 6.


The vascularization process was estimated using histological sections, in which endothelial cells were identified by Von Willebrand factor (vWF) and CD31 antigen staining and the pericyte layer was confirmed by alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) visualization.
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19577253 Boruch AV, Nieponice A, Qureshi IR, Gilbert TW, Badylak SF: Constructive Remodeling of Biologic Scaffolds is Dependent on Early Exposure to Physiologic Bladder Filling in a Canine Partial Cystectomy Model. Acta Biomater. 2010 Mar;6(3):1200-5. Epub 2009 Aug 22.


By 4 wk, animals in the STC group showed a well-developed and highly differentiated urothelium, a robust vascularization network, abundant smooth muscle actin (SMA), and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (smMHC) expressing spindle-shaped cells, and many neuronal processes associated with newly formed arterioles.
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19502172 Xu W, Wang LW, Shi JZ, Gong ZJ: Effects of RNA interference targeting transforming growth factor-beta 1 on immune hepatic fibrosis induced by Concanavalin A in mice. Mol Biol Cell. 2007 Dec;18(12):4837-46. Epub 2007 Sep 19.


The expression of TGF-beta1, Smad3, Smad7 and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) mRNAs in the liver were assessed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.
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19116891 Moles A, Tarrats N, Fernandez-Checa JC, Mari M: Cathepsins B and D drive hepatic stellate cell proliferation and promote their fibrogenic potential. J Biol Chem. 2010 Mar 8.


Here, we show that expression of cathepsin B (CtsB) and cathepsin D (CtsD) is negligible in quiescent HSCs but parallels the increase of alpha-smooth muscle actin and transforming growth factor-beta during in vitro mouse HSC activation.
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19500472 Chang YS, Oh W, Choi SJ, Sung DK, Kim SY, Choi EY, Kang S, Jin HJ, Yang YS, Park WS: Human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuate hyperoxia-induced lung injury in neonatal rats. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 2009 Apr;29(4):325-9.


At P14, the harvested lungs were examined for morphometric analyses of alveolarization and TUNEL staining, as well as the myeoloperoxidase activity, the level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta mRNA, alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) protein, and collagen levels.
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19230171 Stangou M, Alexopoulos E, Pantzaki A, Leonstini M, Memmos D: C5b-9 glomerular deposition and tubular alpha3beta1-integrin expression are implicated in the development of chronic lesions and predict renal function outcome in immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Chin Med J. 2009 Jun 20;122(12):1449-54.


Monoclonal antibodies used were against C5b-9, alpha3beta1-integrin, transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), and the results were correlated with histological data and long-term outcome of renal function.
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19096916 Fregnani ER, Sobral LM, Alves FA, Soares FA, Kowalski LP, Coletta RD: Presence of myofibroblasts and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in ameloblastomas correlate with rupture of the osseous cortical. Transplant Proc. 2008 Oct;40(8):2704-5.


Fifty seven ameloblastomas were analyzed immunohistochemically with antibodies against the isoform alpha of the smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), a specific marker of myofibroblasts, MMP-2 and uPA.
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20051831 Kadono H, Furuzono T, Masuda M, Okada M, Ueki M, Takamizawa K, Tanaka R, Miyatake K, Koyama Y, Takakuda K: In vivo evaluation of hydroxyapatite nanocoating on polyester artificial vascular grafts and possibility as soft-tissue compatible material. J Gastroenterol. 2008;43(11):889-96. Epub 2008 Nov 18.


A histologic evaluation was conducted by staining with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), the von Willebrand factor (vWf), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) around the inner lumen of the grafts.
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20016221 Sebe A, Erdei Z, Varga K, Bodor C, Mucsi I, Rosivall L: Cdc42 regulates myocardin-related transcription factor nuclear shuttling and alpha-smooth muscle actin promoter activity during renal tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Cutan Pathol. 2009 Sep 22.

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19672103 Zhou HY, Chen WD, Zhu DL, Wu LY, Zhang J, Han WQ, Li JD, Yan C, Gao PJ: The PDE1A-PKCalpha signaling pathway is involved in the upregulation of alpha-smooth muscle actin by TGF-beta1 in adventitial fibroblasts. Ann Surg Oncol. 2009 Sep;16(9):2645-53. Epub 2009 Jul 9.

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18435859 Piechocki MP: A stable explant culture of HER2/neu invasive carcinoma supported by alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin expressing stromal cells to evaluate therapeutic agents. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2010 Mar;298(3):C749-63. Epub 2009 Nov 25.

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19897021 Reneker LW, Bloch A, Xie L, Overbeek PA, Ash JD: Induction of corneal myofibroblasts by lens-derived transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1): a transgenic mouse model. Brain Res Bull. 2010 Feb 15;81(2-3):287-96. Epub 2009 Nov 6.


Epithelial/endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (E/EnMT) in the transgenic mouse cornea was demonstrated by immunostaining for alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and cadherin-11.
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19422482 Latella G, Vetuschi A, Sferra R, Catitti V, D'Angelo A, Zanninelli G, Flanders KC, Gaudio E: Targeted disruption of Smad3 confers resistance to the development of dimethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice. J Cutan Pathol. 2009 Jul 13.


For IHC, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), collagen types I-III, TGF-beta1, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), Smad3, Smad7 and CD3 antibodies were used.
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18288368 Fang KY, Lou JL, Xiao Y, Shi MJ, Gui HZ, Guo B, Zhang GZ: [Transforming growth factor-beta1 and Snail1 mediate tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition in diabetic rats.]. Sheng Li Xue Bao. 2008 Feb 25;60(1):125-34.


Immunohistochemical staining and (or) Western blot were employed to determine the expressions of TGF-beta1, Snail1, E-cadherin, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and fibronectin (FN) proteins.
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18538087 Chen TF, Chen M, Qin JH, Wang MY: [Interventional effect of emodin on the expression of intergern linked kinase in tubular epithelial-myofibroblast transdifferentiation]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2008 Jun;24(6):574-6.


The expression of a-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA) and E-cadherin were detected using a two-color immunohistochemistry staining technique, while the expression of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) was detected using a one-color immunohistochemistry staining technique.
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18822912 Wang XB, Liu P, Tang ZP: [Intervening and therapeutic effect of cordyceps mycelia extract on liver cirrhosis induced by dimethylnitrosamine in rats]. J Cell Sci. 2008 Nov 1;121(Pt 21):3531-40. Epub 2008 Oct 7.


Animals were killed in batches on the 3rd day, the 2nd (T1), 4th (T2), 6th (T3) and 8th (T4) week after modeling, to observe the histopathologic change in liver and the immunohistochemical staining of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and collagen type I (Col I), determine the content of hydroxyproline (Hyp) in liver, and the liver function was tested as well.
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19224450 Diaz-Gil JJ, Garcia-Monzon C, Rua C, Martin-Sanz P, Cereceda RM, Miquilena-Colina ME, Machin C, Fernandez-Martinez A, Garcia-Canero R: Liver growth factor antifibrotic activity in vivo is associated with a decrease in activation of hepatic stellate cells. J Cell Sci. 2009 Aug 1;122(Pt 15):2769-81. Epub 2009 Jul 13.


Groups were compared in terms of liver alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) content (western blotting and immunohistochemistry), hepatic apoptosis, liver desmin content (western blotting), and serum endothelin-1 (ELISA).
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17576007 Ilkhanizadeh S, Teixeira AI, Hermanson O: Inkjet printing of macromolecules on hydrogels to steer neural stem cell differentiation. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2009 May;66(10):1741-54.


NSCs cultured in parallel on the same hydrogels but in areas printed with ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) or fetal bovine serum (FBS) displayed a rapid induction of markers for astrocytic (glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP) or smooth muscle (smooth muscle actin, SMA) differentiation, respectively.
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19548444 Tao Q, Sun MY, Feng Q: [Syndrome identification of CCl4 induced liver fibrosis model rats based on syndrome detecting from recipe used]. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 2009 Mar;29(3):246-50.


Rats were sacrificed at the end of the experiment, changes of hepatic function, liver pathology and hydroxyproline (Hyp) content in the liver tissue were detected, and contents of Afamin and mRNA expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) in the liver tissue were assayed as well with Real-time PCR.
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20144743 Pulavendran S, Vignesh J, Rose C: Differential anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activity of transplanted mesenchymal vs. hematopoietic stem cells in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice. Dig Dis Sci. 2008 Nov;53(11):2989-94. Epub 2008 Mar 25.


Immunostaining for the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6), alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and type I collagen proteins was carried out and the expression of these mRNAs was also studied.
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19801454 Zhou G, Dada LA, Wu M, Kelly A, Trejo H, Zhou Q, Varga J, Sznajder JI: Hypoxia-induced alveolar epithelial-mesenchymal transition requires mitochondrial ROS and hypoxia-inducible factor 1. Virchows Arch. 2007 Oct;451(4):781-91. Epub 2007 Aug 3.


We found that hypoxia induced the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and vimentin and decreased the expression of E-cadherin in transformed and primary human, rat, and mouse AEC, suggesting that hypoxia induces EMT in AEC.
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19407854 Zeine R, Salwen HR, Peddinti R, Tian Y, Guerrero L, Yang Q, Chlenski A, Cohn SL: Presence of cancer-associated fibroblasts inversely correlates with Schwannian stroma in neuroblastoma tumors. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2008 Nov;295(5):L800-8. Epub 2008 Sep 12.


Cancer-associated fibroblasts were characterized by positive immunostaining for alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and were distinguished from pericytes by staining negatively for high-molecular-weight caldesmon. alpha-SMA-positive cells were quantified and their number was defined as high when > 1.0% of the area was positive.
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17951996 Liu BC, Li MX, Zhang JD, Liu XC, Zhang XL, Phillips AO: Inhibition of integrin-linked kinase via a siRNA expression plasmid attenuates connective tissue growth factor-induced human proximal tubular epithelial cells to mesenchymal transition. Int J Exp Pathol. 2010 Feb;91(1):24-33.


METHODS: The expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and E-cadherin upon the stimulation by recombinant human CTGF (rhCTGF) in cultured human tubular epithelial cell line (HK-2) was detected by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot.
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18489401 Latella G, Sferra R, Vetuschi A, Zanninelli G, D'Angelo A, Catitti V, Caprilli R, Gaudio E: Prevention of colonic fibrosis by Boswellia and Scutellaria extracts in rats with colitis induced by 2,4,5-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid. Int J Urol. 2008 Oct;15(11):1011-7. Epub 2008 Aug 26.


For immunohistochemical analysis, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), collagen types I-III, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), Smad3, Smad7 and CD3 antibodies were used.
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19192169 Li YL, Wu J, Wei D, Zhang DW, Feng H, Chen ZN, Bian H: Newcastle disease virus represses the activation of human hepatic stellate cells and reverses the development of hepatic fibrosis in mice. Liver Int. 2009 Apr;29(4):593-602. Epub 2009 Jan 28.


Colocalization of NDV virions and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) were detected by double immunofluorescence staining.
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19614920 van den Bogaerdt AJ, van der Veen VC, van Zuijlen PP, Reijnen L, Verkerk M, Bank RA, Middelkoop E, Ulrich MM: Collagen cross-linking by adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells and scar-derived mesenchymal cells: Are mesenchymal stromal cells involved in scar formation?. Wound Repair Regen. 2009 Jul-Aug;17(4):548-58.


The gene expression levels of LH-2b, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and collagen types I and III were determined in dermis, subcutaneous fat, and (hypertrophic) scar tissue as well as in isolated cultured mesenchymal cells derived from these tissues, by real-time RT-polymerase chain reaction.
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19494199 Morales SA, Mareninov S, Coulam P, Wadehra M, Goodglick L, Braun J, Gordon LK: Functional consequences of interactions between FAK and epithelial membrane protein 2 (EMP2). Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2008 Jul;295(1):F118-27. Epub 2008 Apr 30.


F-actin distribution was identified using fluorescence microscopy, and alpha- smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression was quantified with Western blot analysis and specific antibodies.
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18174229 Koca SS, Isik A, Ozercan IH, Ustundag B, Evren B, Metin K: Effectiveness of etanercept in bleomycin-induced experimental scleroderma. . Phytomedicine. 2010 Mar;17(3-4):197-202. Epub 2010 Jan 25.


RESULTS: BLM increased serum TGF-beta1, tissue hydroxyproline levels and expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), and dermal fibrosis was histopathologically prominent.
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19114984 Liu Y, Lui EL, Friedman SL, Li L, Ye T, Chen Y, Poon RT, Wo J, Kok TW, Fan ST: PTK787/ZK22258 attenuates stellate cell activation and hepatic fibrosis in vivo by inhibiting VEGF signaling. BMC Cancer. 2008 Apr 24;8:119.


In primary HSCs, PTK/ZK inhibited the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), collagen, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), as well as cell proliferation, migration and actin filament formation.
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19643931 Jung GS, Kim MK, Choe MS, Lee KM, Kim HS, Park YJ, Choi HS, Lee KU, Park KG, Lee IK: The orphan nuclear receptor SHP attenuates renal fibrosis. . J Surg Res. 2009 Mar 20.


Moreover, in kidneys of SHP-/- mice, the expression of PAI-1, type I collagen, fibronectin and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) were higher compared with those in kidneys of wild-type mice.
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20357710 Jiang ZT, Li ZZ, Jiang DP: Vanadate affects proliferation of healing fibroblasts, cellular production of collagen, and expression of alpha-SMA in vitro. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009 Oct;20(10):2162-70. Epub 2009 Jul 30.


This study sought to examine the effect of vanadate on proliferation, collagen type I, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) production in healing fibroblasts in rat (Sprague-Dawley).
Material/Methods: Fibroblasts were obtained from a healing medial collateral ligament.
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18251780 Adachi Y, Horie Y, Kitamura Y, Nakamura H, Taniguchi Y, Miwa K, Fujioka S, Nishimura M, Hayashi K: CD1a expression in PEComas. World J Gastroenterol. 2009 Mar 28;15(12):1431-42.


Generally, nearly all PEComas have immunoreactivity for both melanocytic (HMB-45 and/or melan A) and smooth muscle (actin (SMA) and/or desmin) markers.
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19670427 Tong Z, Chen R, Alt DS, Kemper S, Perbal B, Brigstock DR: Susceptibility to liver fibrosis in mice expressing a connective tissue growth factor transgene in hepatocytes. Folia Biol. 2009;55(2):66-76.


However, after chronic administration of CCl (4), alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA)-expressing cells and collagen deposition were increased as a function of the dosage of the hCCN2 transgene (hccn2 (+/+) > hccn2 (+/-) > hccn2 (-/-)).
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18390206 Tao Y, Wu X, Li DD, Liu QF, Bo H, Wang XR: [Experimental study in renal protective effect of tranilast on rats with adriamycin nephropathy]. Hepatology. 2009 Apr;49(4):1297-307.


In situ hybridization was used to measure the expression of a-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) mRNA in the kidney.
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18922767 Que J, Wilm B, Hasegawa H, Wang F, Bader D, Hogan BL: Mesothelium contributes to vascular smooth muscle and mesenchyme during lung development. Anticancer Res. 2009 Nov;29(11):4703-9.


In all three cases, cells derived from lineage-labeled mesothelium are found inside the lung and as smooth muscle actin (SMA) and PDGF receptor-beta positive cells in the walls of pulmonary blood vessels.
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20025519 Yu Y, Lv L, Qian X, Chen N, Yao A, Pu LY, Zhang F, Li XC, Kong LB, Sun BC, Wang X: Anti-fibrotic Effect of Hepatocyte Growth Factor-expressing Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Small-for-size Liver Transplant Rats. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2009 Apr;68(4):417-24.


Fibrosis indexes, including laminin (LN), hyaluronic acid (HA) levels in serum and hydroxyproline (Hyp) content in the liver grsfts, the expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), rat HGF (rHGF), alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (BIL) and albumin (ALB) levels in serum, in rats in different treatment groups were assessed at different time points.
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18298913 Xu Y, Arai H, Murayama T, Kita T, Yokode M: Vascular remodeling and mobilization of bone marrow-derived cells in cuff-induced vascular injury in LDL receptor knockout mice. Br J Dermatol. 2009 Aug;161(2):326-36. Epub 2009 Jun 9.


The tissue stained with anti-alpha smooth muscle actin (SMA) antibody, showed a number of SMA-positive cells in the intimal lesion area.
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19827165 Roderfeld M, Rath T, Voswinckel R, Dierkes C, Dietrich H, Zahner D, Graf J, Roeb E: Bone marrow transplantation demonstrates medullar origin of CD34+ fibrocytes and ameliorates hepatic fibrosis in Abcb4-/- mice. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao. 2009 Dec 18;41(6):635-9.


In an Abcb4 (-/-) mouse model for sclerosing cholangitis alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive (alpha-SMA (+)) myofibroblasts are thought to play a pivotal role in hepatic fibrogenesis.
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19407365 Li JH, Man YG: Dual usages of single Wilms' tumor 1 immunohistochemistry in evaluation of breast tumors: a preliminary study of 30 cases. Carcinogenesis. 2008 Jun;29(6):1115-23. Epub 2008 Apr 15.


Similar to ME cell marker CD10 and smooth muscle actin (SMA), WT-1 expression was preferentially seen in ME cells, and over 90% of WT-1 positive ME cells were immunoreactive to CD10 and SMA.
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18021353 Lavranos G, Paschalis G, Angelopoulou R, Karandrea D, Goutas N: Casual discovery of a thoracic tumour showing histological features of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma in a male Wistar laboratory rat. J Vasc Surg. 2009 Oct;50(4):870-879.e2. Epub 2009 Aug 12.


Immunohistochemistry was performed on the tissue using specific antibodies for several proliferation (Ki-67) and differentiation (S-100, CD-34, CD-68, pan-keratin, desmin and smooth muscle actin-SMA) markers.
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19477092 Arai A, Taki M, Mimaki S, Ueda M, Hori S: Low-grade cribriform cystadenocarcinoma of the parotid gland: a case report. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2009 Mar;29(3):393-6.


Immunohistochemically, smooth muscle actin highlighted the cells rimming the cystic spaces.
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18344448 Kaempf S, Johnen S, Salz AK, Weinberger A, Walter P, Thumann G: Effects of bevacizumab (Avastin) on retinal cells in organotypic culture. Nephrology. 2008 Oct;13(5):367-75. Epub 2008 Mar 17.


After 3 days in culture, the neural retinas alone and the retina-RPE-choroid complexes were analyzed histologically and immunohistochemically for the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin, glutamine synthetase, rhodopsin, smooth muscle actin (SMA), and apoptosis.
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20070153 Eyden B: Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma showing smooth-muscle and fibrohistiocytic differentiation: a single case report. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi. 2008 Jul;47(7):570-3.


The author recently encountered a myogenic sarcoma, with all the common markers of rhabdomyosarcoma, but expressing the unusual features of alpha-smooth-muscle actin and abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER).
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17952560 Nakatani T, Honda E, Hayakawa S, Sato M, Satoh K, Kudo M, Munakata H: Effects of decorin on the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin in a human myofibroblast cell line. PLoS One. 2009 Oct 13;4(10):e7438.

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19403408 Ying SS, Li X, Huang ML, Meng Y, Zhang ZS: [Effect of angiotensin1-7 on alpha-smooth muscle actin protein expression in rat hepatic stellate cells]. Ultrastruct Pathol. 2010 Feb;34(1):42-7.

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17881730 Roy S, Khanna S, Rink T, Radtke J, Williams WT, Biswas S, Schnitt R, Strauch AR, Sen CK: P21waf1/cip1/sdi1 as a central regulator of inducible smooth muscle actin expression and differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. Acta Histochem. 2008;110(3):196-203. Epub 2007 Dec 26.

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20017955 He Z, Zhu Y, Jiang H: Inhibiting toll-like receptor 4 signaling ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis during acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide: an experimental study. Respir Res. 2009 Dec 18;10:126.


The contents of the C-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected by ELISA, and the degree of fibrosis was detected by van Gieson collagen staining, the hydroxyproline assay, and alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) immunohistochemical staining.
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17949486 Yang KL, Hung KC, Chang WT, Li EI: Establishment of an early liver fibrosis model by the hydrodynamics-based transfer of TGF-beta1 gene. Comp Hepatol. 2007 Oct 19;6:9.


Furthermore, induction of TGF-beta1 increased the alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), p-Smad2/3, hydroxyproline and collagen 1A2 (Col 1A2) levels in the liver, suggesting a significant liver fibrosis.
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17577399 Martorell M, Perez-Valles A, Gozalbo F, Garcia-Garcia JA, Gutierrez J, Gaona J: Solitary fibrous tumor of the thigh with epithelioid features: a case report. Oral Oncol. 2009 Sep;45(9):760-5. Epub 2009 Jan 16.


Epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and smooth muscle actin (SMA) may occasionally be expressed.
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20232302 Roson MI, Della Penna SL, Cao G, Gorzalczany S, Pandolfo M, Toblli JE, Fernandez BE: Different protective actions of losartan and tempol on the renal inflammatory response to acute sodium overload. J Cell Physiol. 2010 Mar 15.


Ang II, NF-kappaB, hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and RANTES renal expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry.
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19417732 Dong JD, Gu YQ, Li CM, Wang CR, Feng ZG, Qiu RX, Chen B, Li JX, Zhang SW, Wang ZG, Zhang J: Response of mesenchymal stem cells to shear stress in tissue-engineered vascular grafts. J Feline Med Surg. 2007 Oct;9(5):435-8. Epub 2007 Jun 29.


Protein levels of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and calponin were substantially reduced in shear stress-cultured cells.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17990457 Liu YM, Zhang Y, He LQ: [Experimental study on effect of Kangxianling on rat renal interstitial fibrosis]. Hepatol Res. 2008 Sep;38(9):919-29. Epub 2008 Mar 25.


Then rats were sacrificed, their renal pathology examined by HE staining and PASM staining; expressions of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) mRNA, and a-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), TGF-beta1 receptor I (TbetaR I), TGF-beta1 receptor II (TbetaR II) and hepatocyte growth factor receptor (C-Met) protein in kidney tissue were determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting respectively.
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18261305 Luo DL, Liu YH, Zhuang HG, Luo XL: [Tumors showing perivascular epithelioid cell differentiation: a clinicopathologic study of 39 cases]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2007 Nov 6;87(41):2909-13.


Immunohistochemistry (HIC) was used to detect the expression of pan-cytokeratin (CK), S-100 protein, smooth muscle actin (SMA), desmin, vimentin, HMB45, Melan-A, microphthalmia transcription factor (MiTF), CD117, and CD34 in the specimens of the tumors obtained during operation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19153557 Ceyhan GO, Deucker S, Demir IE, Erkan M, Schmelz M, Bergmann F, Muller MW, Giese T, Buchler MW, Giese NA, Friess H: Neural fractalkine expression is closely linked to pain and pancreatic neuritis in human chronic pancreatitis. Lab Invest. 2009 Mar;89(3):347-61. Epub 2009 Jan 19.


To investigate the influence of fractalkine on pancreatic fibrogenesis, human pancreatic stellate cells (hPSCs) were isolated from patients with CP, incubated with fractalkine and then Collagen-1 and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expressions were measured.
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18692477 Iriyama A, Iriyama T, Tamaki Y, Yanagi Y: Effects of white light on beta-catenin signaling pathway in retinal pigment epithelium. Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair. 2008 Oct 13;1(1):3.


Real time RT-PCR demonstrated that the mRNA of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), and vimentin increased 2.5-4-fold and that of zona occludens 1 (ZO-1) decreased approximately 0.8-fold after white light exposure.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18441176 Abu El-Asrar AM, Struyf S, Van Damme J, Geboes K: Circulating fibrocytes contribute to the myofibroblast population in proliferative vitreoretinopathy epiretinal membranes. Br J Ophthalmol. 2008 May;92(5):699-704.


RESULTS: Cells expressing alpha-smooth-muscle actin (alpha-SMA), a marker of differentiation of fibrocytes into myofibroblasts, were present in all membranes.
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19899445 Kobayashi M, Spector M: In vitro response of the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells seeded in a type-I collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold for skin wound repair under the mechanical loading condition. Int Immunopharmacol. 2010 Apr;10(4):513-9. Epub 2010 Feb 6.


Cultured MSCs in the high strain (15% strain) group showed active alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression and poor differentiation into type-I collagen-positive cells, whereas enhanced differentiation into type-I collagen positive cells and a lack of alpha-SMA expression where shown in the lower stress (5% strain) group.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17889833 Bulow R, Fitzner B, Sparmann G, Emmrich J, Liebe S, Jaster R: Antifibrogenic effects of histone deacetylase inhibitors on pancreatic stellate cells. J Biomed Sci. 2008 Mar;15(2):251-9. Epub 2007 Oct 6.


Exhibition of the myofibroblastic PSC phenotype was monitored by immunofluorescence analysis of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression. [(3) H]-proline incorporation into acetic acid-soluble proteins was measured to quantify collagen synthesis.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19716681 Mueller CK, Lee SY, Schultze-Mosgau S: Characterization of interfacial reactions between connective tissue and allogenous implants used for subdermal soft tissue augmentation. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009 Nov;38(11):1194-200. Epub 2009 Aug 28.


After 7 or 14 days, tissue specimens were obtained and analyzed for transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by immunoblotting as well as alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA)-and endoglin (CD105)-expression by immunohistochemistry.
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19907023 Hindman HB, Swanton JN, Phipps RP, Sime PJ, Huxlin KR: Differences in the TGF-{beta}1-induced profibrotic response of anterior and posterior corneal keratocytes in vitro. 762.


Using immunohistochemistry and Western blot techniques, Ki-67 staining and relative expression of Thy-1, alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), and fibronectin were assessed after stimulation with different TGF-beta1 concentrations.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18473417 Li L, Zhao XY, Wang BE: Down-regulation of transforming growth factor beta 1/activin receptor-like kinase 1 pathway gene expression by herbal compound 861 is related to deactivation of LX-2 cells. World J Gastroenterol. 2008 May 14;14(18):2894-9.


Real-time PCR was performed to examine the expression of alpha-SMA (alpha-smooth muscle actin), ALK1, Id1 (inhibitor of differentiation 1).
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17628937 Hirai T, Ikeda D, Sakai A: [A case report: retroperitoneal inflammatory fibrosarcoma that revealed progressive enlargement]. Hinyokika Kiyo. 2007 Jun;53(6):393-6.


Immunostaining examination showed positive staining for alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA), vimentin, cytokeatins, and CD 68, whereas desmin, CD 34, and p53 were negative.
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20193171 Liu JQ, Hu DH, Zhang ZF, Guan H, She T, Zhang J, Bai XZ: [Effects of interferon-gamma on the transforming growth factor beta/Smad pathway in keloid-derived fibroblasts]. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2010 May;93(2):515-27.


The expression level of mRNA and protein of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) protein and expression of alpha-SMA positive KFb were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitation RT-PCR (FQ-RT-PCR), Western blot and immunofluorescence cytochemical staining. (2) Another sample of KFb was obtained and treated with 10 ng/mL IFN-gamma.
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20133451 Schell C, Albrecht M, Spillner S, Mayer C, Kunz L, Kohn FM, Schwarzer U, Mayerhofer A: 15-Deoxy-delta 12-14-prostaglandin-J2 induces hypertrophy and loss of contractility in human testicular peritubular cells: implications for human male fertility. Am J Surg Pathol. 2009 Jan;33(1):99-105.


Impaired spermatogenesis in men typically involves remodeling of this wall, and we now found that smooth muscle cell (SMC) markers, namely myosin heavy chain (MYH11) and smooth muscle actin (SMA) are often lost or diminished in peritubular cells of testes of men with impaired spermatogenesis.
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19683567 Xu X, Kherada N, Hong X, Quan C, Zheng L, Wang A, Wold LE, Lippmann M, Chen LC, Rajagopalan S, Sun Q: Diesel exhaust exposure induces angiogenesis. Endocrinology. 2010 Mar;151(3):1257-68. Epub 2010 Feb 4.


Macrophage infiltration was enhanced and CD31 expression increased in the scaffolds, which was coupled by increased alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression.
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18688640 Gluhovschi C, Gluhovschi G, Potencz E, Herman D, Petrica L, Velciov S, Bozdog G, Bob F, Vernic C, Cioca D: What is the significance of CD34 immunostaining in the extraglomerular and intraglomerular mesangium?. Biochem Pharmacol. 2009 Apr 1;77(7):1283-90. Epub 2009 Jan 13.


Conventional stains: hematoxylin-eosin, periodic acid Schiff, and Trichrome Gomori, as well as immunohistochemistry: CD34, alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha SMA), vimentin, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were employed.
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18476545 Liu GX, Deng AG, Yu XQ, Duan WJ, Wen Q, Luo N, Li XY: [Urine protein from patients with lupus nephritis stimulates transdifferentiation and high expression of collagen in renal tubular cells]. Med Sci Monit. 2010 Apr 1;16(4):BR107-111.


The mRNA expressions of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), collagen I (COL I), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) in the HK-2 cells were detected by RT-PCR, and the. protein expressions of TGF-beta1, COL I, and alpha-SMA were detected with Western blotting and indirect immunofluorescence.
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18091360 Seaborn T, St-Amand J, Cloutier M, Tremblay MG, Maltais F, Dinel S, Moulin V, Khan PA, Piedboeuf B: Identification of cellular processes that are rapidly modulated in response to tracheal occlusion within mice lungs. Histopathology. 2007 Nov;51(5):657-65.


We conclude that intraluminal stretch increase during prealveolar stage of lung development induces a critical transition of pulmonary cells phenotype in which there is an increase in alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA)-containing cells along with a relative decrease in lipid-containing cells.
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19636181 Al-Brahim N, Al-Awadhi N, Al-Enezi S, Alsurayei S, Ahmad M: Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome: a clinicopathological study of 13 cases. Res Vet Sci. 2010 Apr;88(2):294-9. Epub 2009 Oct 12.


Immunohistochemical stain for smooth muscle actin (SMA) was performed.
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20353822 Lang YD, Hung CL, Wu TY, Wang LF, Chen CM: The renin-angiotensin system mediates hyperoxia-induced collagen production in human lung fibroblasts. Cell Transplant. 2009;18(8):869-86. Epub 2009 Apr 9.


Hyperoxia increased total collagen, collagen type I, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) mRNA and protein expression.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19335429 Chen YF, Chao CM, Liu HN: Cutaneous plasma cell granuloma: report of a case with novel histologic and immunohistochemical findings. Pathol Oncol Res. 2009 Jun;15(2):231-40. Epub 2008 Dec 19.


Test results for smooth muscle actin (SMA) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) were negative.
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19451194 Mehasseb MK, Bell SC, Habiba MA: The effects of tamoxifen and estradiol on myometrial differentiation and organization during early uterine development in the CD1 mouse. Pediatr Surg Int. 2008 Nov;24(11):1191-5.


We examined the sections histologically, using image analysis and immunohistochemistry for alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), desmin, vimentin, laminin, fibronectin, and estrogen receptor-alpha.
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20177740 Deng B, Yang X, Liu J, He F, Zhu Z, Zhang C: Focal adhesion kinase mediates TGF-beta1-induced renal tubular epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in vitro. Clin Nutr. 2010 Jan 26.


The expression of FAK, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA),E-cadherin, Akt, matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9),tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and collagen IV were detected by RT-PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence methods, respectively.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19390220 Takahashi S, Taniguchi Y, Nakashima A, Arakawa T, Kawai T, Doi S, Ito T, Masaki T, Kohno N, Yorioka N: Mizoribine suppresses the progression of experimental peritoneal fibrosis in a rat model. Placenta. 2007 Nov-Dec;28(11-12):1123-32. Epub 2007 Jul 30.


Macrophage infiltration (ED1), myofibroblast accumulation (alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA)) and expression of type III collagen, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) were examined by immunohistochemistry.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19538194 El Kahi CG, Atiyeh BS, Abdallah Hajj Hussein I, Jurjus R, Dibo SA, Jurjus A, Jurjus A: Modulation of wound contracture alpha-smooth muscle actin and multispecific vitronectin receptor integrin alphavbeta3 in the rabbit's experimental model. Cornea. 2007 Aug;26(7):853-7.

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20006013 Nagata K, Masumoto K, Esumi G, Teshiba R, Yoshizaki K, Fukumoto S, Nonaka K, Taguchi T: Connexin43 plays an important role in lung development. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2007 Dec 25;87(48):3429-32.


The mRNA expression of surfactant protein C, aquaporin-5, and alpha-smooth muscle actin were analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
17626241 Kanematsu A, Ramachandran A, Adam RM: GATA-6 mediates human bladder smooth muscle differentiation: involvement of a novel enhancer element in regulating alpha-smooth muscle actin gene expression. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2009 Nov;24(11):3504-12. Epub 2009 Jun 19.

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18096707 Muro AF, Moretti FA, Moore BB, Yan M, Atrasz RG, Wilke CA, Flaherty KR, Martinez FJ, Tsui JL, Sheppard D, Baralle FE, Toews GB, White ES: An essential role for fibronectin extra type III domain A in pulmonary fibrosis. J Invest Dermatol. 2008 Apr;128(4):855-66. Epub 2007 Oct 18.


METHODS: Primary lung fibroblasts from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or from patients undergoing resection for lung cancer were assessed for EDA-containing fibronectin and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18669633 Ding Q, Gladson CL, Wu H, Hayasaka H, Olman MA: Focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-related non-kinase inhibits myofibroblast differentiation through differential MAPK activation in a FAK-dependent manner. Liver Int. 2009 Aug;29(7):997-1009. Epub 2009 Apr 28.


TGF-beta1 can induce alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression in the presence or absence of FAK; however, TGF-beta1-induced alpha-SMA expression is reduced (approximately 73%) in FAK-deficient fibroblasts.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18289664 Valarmathi MT, Yost MJ, Goodwin RL, Potts JD: The influence of proepicardial cells on the osteogenic potential of marrow stromal cells in a three-dimensional tubular scaffold. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008 Mar 15;177(6):638-45. Epub 2007 Dec 20.


Abundant interlacing fascicles of QCPN, QH1, isolectin and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) positive cells were observed in these tube cultures.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18602987 Norsted E, Gomuc B, Meister B: Protein components of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the mediobasal hypothalamus. J Chem Neuroanat. 2008 Oct;36(2):107-21. Epub 2008 Jun 18.


In order to clarify the nature of the BBB in the median eminence-arcuate nucleus complex, we have used immunohistochemistry and antisera to protein components of the BBB-(1) tight junctions, claudin-5 and zona occludens-1 (ZO-1); (2) endothelial cells: (a) all endothelial cells: rat endothelial cell antigen-1 (RECA-1), (b) endothelial cells at BBB: endothelial barrier antigen (EBA), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and transferrin receptor (TfR), and (c) endothelial cells at CVOs: dysferlin; (3) basal lamina: laminin; (4) vascular smooth muscle cells: smooth muscle actin (SMA); (5) pericytes: chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (NG2); (6) glial cells: (a) astrocytes: glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), (b) tanycytes: dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32kDA (DARPP-32), (c) microglia: CD11b.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18184874 Kubo E, Fatma N, Akagi Y, Beier DR, Singh SP, Singh DP: TAT-mediated PRDX6 protein transduction protects against eye lens epithelial cell death and delays lens opacity. Diagn Pathol. 2007 Jun 18;2:19.


These cells harbored increased levels of active transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 and of alpha-smooth muscle actin and beta ig-h3, markers for cataractogenesis.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19730414 Lu H, Kanazawa M, Ishida A, Tufescu A, Sasaki Y, Ito O, Kurosawa H, Sato T, Ootaka T, Kohzuki M: Combination of chronic exercise and antihypertensive therapy enhances renoprotective effects in rats with renal ablation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2008 Mar;294(3):C842-55. Epub 2008 Jan 9.


RESULTS: EX, EX+OLS, EX+AZN, and EX+OLS+AZN showed decreases in the serum creatinine (Scr), an index of glomerular sclerosis (IGS), the relative interstitial volume of the renal cortex (RIV), the number of ED-1 (monoclonal antibody) positive cells (ED1 (+)) and the glomerular expression score of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA (+)).
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19065677 Elinav E, Ali M, Bruck R, Brazowski E, Phillips A, Shapira Y, Katz M, Solomon G, Halpern Z, Gertler A: Competitive inhibition of leptin signaling results in amelioration of liver fibrosis through modulation of stellate cell function. Hepatology. 2009 Jan;49(1):278-86.


In vitro administration of rat leptin antagonist (RLA), either alone or with leptin, to rat primary HSCs reduced leptin-stimulated effects such as increased expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), and activation of alpha1 procollagen promoter.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20117715 Angunawela RI, Marshall J: Inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta1 and its effects on human corneal fibroblasts by mannose-6-phosphate Potential for preventing haze after refractive surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2010 Jan;36(1):121-6.


Differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts was detected by immunohistochemistry for alpha-smooth muscle actin.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19323797 van Engelen E, Breeveld-Dwarkasing VN, Everts ME, van der Weyden GC, Taverne MA, Rutten VP: Smooth muscle cells of the bovine cervical stroma may have a secretory, rather than a contractile function during parturition. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008 Oct 10;375(1):173-7. Epub 2008 Aug 8.


The smooth muscle bundles of the stroma were immunohistochemically analysed (n = 5) with regard to their integrity and cellular density, and the degree of staining for connexin-43, smooth muscle actin alpha (SMA), desmin and vimentin.
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19255573 Mansuroglu T, Ramadori P, Dudas J, Malik I, Hammerich K, Fuzesi L, Ramadori G: Expression of stem cell factor and its receptor c-Kit during the development of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2009 Dec;297(6):L1120-30. Epub 2009 Oct 2.


Immunohistochemical analysis of the CC tissue showed SCF positivity in proliferating biliary cells (CK-19 (+)), in macrophages (ED-1 (+)) and in MFs (alpha-smooth-muscle-actin, alpha-SMA (+)) of the tumoral microenvironment. c-Kit-positivity could be detected on hepatocytes of the regenerating nodules and on the proliferating bile ducts of CC.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18987833 Seno T, Kawaguchi T, Yamahara T, Sakurai Y, Oishi T, Inagaki T, Yamanouchi Y, Asai A, Kawamoto K: An immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor. Brain Tumor Pathol. 2008;25(2):79-83. Epub 2008 Nov 6.


However, immunohistochemical staining showed that these tumor cells react positively for cytokeratin, smooth muscle actin (SMA), and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and helped us with the differentiation.
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17914983 Asawa S, Saito T, Satoh A, Ohtake K, Tsuchiya T, Okada H, Neilson EG, Gotoh M: Participation of bone marrow cells in biliary fibrosis after bile duct ligation. Am J Nephrol. 2008;28(1):143-51. Epub 2007 Oct 19.


Four weeks after bone marrow transplantation, chimeric mice were subjected to common bile duct ligation, and livers of these animals were histologically examined after bile duct ligation using anti-fibroblast specific protein (FSP)-1 antibody and anti-alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) antibody.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18035585 Yu JH, Kim KH, Kim H: SOCS 3 and PPAR-gamma ligands inhibit the expression of IL-6 and TGF-beta1 by regulating JAK2/STAT3 signaling in pancreas. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2008;40(4):677-88. Epub 2007 Oct 12.


This treatment regimen also inhibited IL-6 and TGF-beta1 induction, vacuolization, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression.
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18936144 Xing D, Bonanno JA: Effect of cAMP on TGFbeta1-induced corneal keratocyte-myofibroblast transformation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009 Feb;50(2):626-33. Epub 2008 Oct 20.


The effects of the adenylate cyclase agonist forskolin (FSK; 2 microM) on TGFbeta1 (5 ng/mL)-induced alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression was examined by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and immunochemistry 72 hours after treatment.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18631173 Vardouli L, Vasilaki E, Papadimitriou E, Kardassis D, Stournaras C: A novel mechanism of TGFbeta-induced actin reorganization mediated by Smad proteins and Rho GTPases. FEBS J. 2008 Aug;275(16):4074-87. Epub 2008 Jul 9.


Finally, Smad3, and to a lesser extent Smad2, induced transcription of the alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) gene, and enhanced the incorporation of alpha-SMA into microfilaments in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19957535 Wu ZG, Wang WL, Cai J, Wu XL, Wu W, Li XB, Li CD, Weng ZL: [Effect of tadalafil therapy upon penile cavernous tissues in spontaneously hypertensive rats]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2009 Jun 23;89(24):1717-20.


To observe the plasma concentration change of ET-1 and cellular morphological changes of penile cavernous tissue in SHR after four weeks, the immunohistochemical method of SABC was employed to detect the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) in penile corpora cavernous of different groups.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19336420 Ibba-Manneschi L, Manetti M, Milia AF, Miniati I, Benelli G, Guiducci S, Mecacci F, Mello G, Di Lollo S, Matucci-Cerinic M: Severe fibrotic changes and altered expression of angiogenic factors in maternal scleroderma: placental findings. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010 Feb;69(2):458-61. Epub 2009 Mar 30.


The sections were stained with Masson's trichrome and phosphotungstic-acid-haematoxylin and immunostained for connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placenta growth factor (PlGF) and receptors VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18477569 Kihm LP, Wibisono D, Muller-Krebs S, Pfisterer F, Morath C, Gross ML, Morcos M, Seregin Y, Bierhaus A, Nawroth PP, Zeier M, Schwenger V: RAGE expression in the human peritoneal membrane. Clin Exp Allergy. 2008 Jun;38(6):1025-32.


The expression of CD3, IL-6, activated NFkappaBp65, VEGF, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, smooth-muscle actin (SMA), methylglyoxal (MGO) and RAGE was analysed immunohistochemically.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19286977 Ferguson HE, Kulkarni A, Lehmann GM, Garcia-Bates TM, Thatcher TH, Huxlin KR, Phipps RP, Sime PJ: Electrophilic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands have potent antifibrotic effects in human lung fibroblasts. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008 Dec;28(12):2151-7. Epub 2008 Sep 18.


We report here that a novel PPARgamma ligand, 2-cyano-3,12-dioxoolean-1,9-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO), is a potent inhibitor of TGF-beta-stimulated differentiation of human lung fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, and suppresses up-regulation of alpha-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin, collagen, and the novel myofibroblast marker, calponin.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20348013 Saad S, Stanners SR, Yong R, Tang O, Pollock CA: NOTCH MEDIATED EPITHELIAL TO MESENCHYMAL TRANSFORMATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED EXPRESSION OF THE SNAIL TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR. J Pediatr Surg. 2009 Dec;44(12):2296-301.


The expressions of Notch 1, Snail, E-cadherin and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) were determined by Western blot.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18067644 Tokairin T, Nishikawa Y, Watanabe H, Doi Y, Omori Y, Yoshioka T, Yamamoto Y, Yoshida M, Nishimura T, Li Q, Arai H, Ishida A, Takada G, Enomoto K: Osteopontin expression in the liver with severe perisinusoidal fibrosis: autopsy case of Down syndrome with transient myeloproliferative disorder. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2010 Mar 25.


Numerous activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC) expressing alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) were seen in the perisinusoidal area.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18929865 Luo GH, Lu YP, Yang L, Song J, Shi YJ, Li YP: Epithelial to mesenchymal transformation in tubular epithelial cells undergoing anoxia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007 Dec;48(12):5549-57.


Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry were used to detect expression changes of E-cadherin, alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA), types I and IV collagen, all of which are involved in TEC, EMT.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19514352 Kogan EA, Tyong FV, Demura SA: [Molecular bases for the development of variants of idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis]. Pharmacology. 2009;83(2):80-7. Epub 2008 Dec 9.


The serial paraffin sections immunohistochemically revealed the following antigens: cytokeratins 5, 6, 7, 8, 19 (Uni-Heidelberg, DAKO), MMP 1, MMP 2, MMP 7, and TIMP 4, Apo-protein (Novocastra), Ki67, PCNA, PDGF, EGFR, CD34, SMA (smooth muscle actin), FGFb (LabVision).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19661226 Kusner LL, Young A, Tjoe S, Leahy P, Kaminski HJ: Perimysial fibroblasts of extraocular muscle, as unique as the muscle fibers. Pathol Int. 2008 Mar;58(3):169-73.


EOM- and LM-Fibro were assessed morphologically and for vimentin, smooth muscle actin, and Thy-1 immunoreactivity.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19781102 Yao Q, Qu X, Yang Q, Good DA, Dai S, Kong B, Wei MQ: Blockage of transdifferentiation from fibroblast to myofibroblast in experimental ovarian cancer models. Int J Dermatol. 2009 Apr;48(4):409-11.


Blocking the production of ROS with an antioxidant consequently reduces the expression of CLIC4, and is accompanied by disappearance of alpha-smooth-muscle actin (alpha-SMA), a myofibroblast marker, suggesting ROS acts as a signalling molecule that promotes and enhances CLIC4 activities in the myofibroblast transdifferentiaton process.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18240955 Bababeygy SR, Cheshier SH, Hou LC, Higgins DM, Weissman IL, Tse VC: Hematopoietic stem cell-derived pericytic cells in brain tumor angio-architecture. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2008;42(4):373-80.


LT-HSC-derived GFP+ cells express the pericyte progenitor marker, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta (PDGFR beta), as well as mature perictyte markers such as nerve/glial antigen 2 proteoglycan (NG2), alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha SMA), and desmin.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20089260 Campbell MT, Hile KL, Zhang H, Asanuma H, Vanderbrink BA, Rink RR, Meldrum KK: Toll-Like Receptor 4: A Novel Signaling Pathway During Renal Fibrogenesis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2008 Feb;294(2):C535-42. Epub 2007 Dec 12.


The kidneys were harvested and tissues were analyzed for TLR4 expression (Western blot; RTPCR), E-cadherin and alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression (Western blot), fibroblast accumulation (fibroblast specific protein (FSP-1+) staining), renal fibrosis (collagen I RTPCR, total collagen assay, Masson's trichrome staining), cytokine gene expression (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) RTPCR), and pSMAD2 and integrin alpha1 expression (Western blot).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20007519 McNearney TA, Ma Y, Chen Y, Taglialatela G, Yin H, Zhang WR, Westlund KN: A peripheral neuroimmune link: glutamate agonists upregulate NMDA NR1 receptor mRNA and protein, vimentin, TNF-alpha, and RANTES in cultured human synoviocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Oct 28;105(43):16626-30. Epub 2008 Oct 15.


Clonal SW982 synoviocytes constitutively express vimentin, smooth muscle actin (SMA), and NMDA NR1 and NR2.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19640259 Li J, Zhang Z, Wang D, Wang Y, Li Y, Wu G: TGF-beta 1/Smads signaling stimulates renal interstitial fibrosis in experimental AAN. Virchows Arch. 2008 Sep;453(3):275-82. Epub 2008 Aug 12.


Immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase (RT-PCR) detection of the increased expression of fibroblast marker vimentin and de novo expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) with the loss of epithelial maker cytokeratin 18 (CK18) can be utilized to assess AAI-induced tubular necrosis and extensive cortical interstitial fibrosis in a dose-dependent manner.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18629640 Lee HS, Jung KH, Park IS, Kwon SW, Lee DH, Hong SS: Protective effect of morin on dimethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. ASAIO J. 2010 Jan-Feb;56(1):61-6.


For the evaluation of hepatic fibrosis-related factors, we investigated expressions of collagen type I, transforming growth factor beta (1) (TGF-beta (1)), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) in mRNA and protein levels.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19381675 Mansuroglu T, Dudas J, Elmaouhoub A, Joza TZ, Ramadori G: Hepatoblast and mesenchymal cell-specific gene-expression in fetal rat liver and in cultured fetal rat liver cells. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2008 Aug 31;162(3):176-83. Epub 2008 Jun 14.


SMA-gene-expression increased during the passages, suggesting that myofibroblasts become the major cell population of fetal liver cell cultures over time.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
18317352 Jockovich ME, Pina Y, Alegret A, Cebulla C, Feuer W, Murray TG: Heterogeneous tumor vasculature in retinoblastoma: implications for vessel targeting therapy. Virchows Arch. 2008 Oct;453(4):321-8. Epub 2008 Aug 8.

Vessel maturation was assessed by pericyte recruitment, detected with alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-sma).
81(1,1,1,1) Details
19454181 Mahelkova G, Bacakova L, Korynta J, Vajner L, Vytasek R: Effect of culture substrate and culture conditions on lens epithelial cell proliferation and alpha-smooth muscle actin expression. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2007 Sep;293(3):C1093-102. Epub 2007 Jul 11.

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18005096 Moreels M, Vandenabeele F, Dumont D, Robben J, Lambrichts I: Alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and nestin expression in reactive astrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions: potential regulatory role of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1). Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2009 Oct;118(10):721-7.

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19065061 Ren X, Guan G, Liu G, Liu G: Irbesartan ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by reducing the expression of connective tissue growth factor and alpha-smooth-muscle actin in the tubulointerstitium of diabetic rats. Gene Ther. 2009 Nov;16(11):1363-72. Epub 2009 Jul 30.

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19287994 Chuaysri C, Thuwajit P, Paupairoj A, Chau-In S, Suthiphongchai T, Thuwajit C: Alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive fibroblasts promote biliary cell proliferation and correlate with poor survival in cholangiocarcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009 Mar;24(3):453-61. Epub 2008 Oct 23.

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19862337 Barbaro V, Ferrari S, Fasolo A, Ponzin D, Di Iorio E: Reconstruction of a human hemicornea through natural scaffolds compatible with the growth of corneal epithelial stem cells and stromal keratocytes. Mol Vis. 2009 Oct 17;15:2084-93.


Integrity of the stroma was assessed through analysis of keratan sulfate, CD-34 and aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1 (ALDH3A1) (for keratocytes), visual system homeobox 1 (VSX1), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) (for fibroblasts and myofibroblasts).
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18455002 Carvajal G, Droguett A, Burgos ME, Aros C, Ardiles L, Flores C, Carpio D, Ruiz-Ortega M, Egido J, Mezzano S: Gremlin: a novel mediator of epithelial mesenchymal transition and fibrosis in chronic allograft nephropathy. Transplant Proc. 2008 Apr;40(3):734-9.


Gremlin, BMP-7, E-cadherin, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) proteins were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and Smad3 activation by Southwestern.
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20171171 Mariasegaram M, Tesch GH, Verhardt S, Hurst L, Lan HY, Nikolic-Paterson DJ: Lefty antagonises TGF-beta1 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in tubular epithelial cells. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 2007 Oct;27(10):901-4.


A rat tubular epithelial cell line (NRK52E) was stably transfected with a Lefty expression plasmid (52E-Lefty) or control plasmid (52E-Control). 52E-Control cells underwent TGF-beta1 induced EMT with up-regulation of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), down-regulation of E-cadherin, and transition to an elongated fibroblast-like morphology.
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20131076 Liu H, Liu F, Peng Y, Liu Y, Li L, Tu X, Cheng M, Xu X, Chen X, Ling G, Sun L: Role of mast cells, stem cell factor and protease-activated receptor-2 in tubulointerstitial lesions in IgA nephropathy. Inflamm Res. 2010 Feb 4.


BACKGROUND: To elucidate the role of mast cells (MCs) in the pathogenesis of tubulointerstitial lesions in IgA nephropathy (IgAN), we investigated the number of MCs, serum stem cell factor (SCF), protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) and alpha-smooth-muscle actin (alpha-SMA) in the kidney and the correlation between MC number, SCF, PAR-2, alpha-SMA and tubulointerstitial lesions in biopsy specimens and serum creatinine levels, urinary protein excretion in patients with IgA nephropathy.
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18177424 Ruger BM, Breuss J, Hollemann D, Yanagida G, Fischer MB, Mosberger I, Chott A, Lang I, Davis PF, Hocker P, Dettke M: Vascular morphogenesis by adult bone marrow progenitor cells in three-dimensional fibrin matrices. Differentiation. 2008 Sep;76(7):772-83. Epub 2008 Jan 3.


Developed vascular structures expressed the endothelial markers CD34, VEGFR-2, CD31, von Willebrand Factor (vWF), and podocalyxin, showed basement-membrane-lined lumina containing CD45+ cells and were surrounded by alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) expressing mural cells.
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20160437 Hu Y, Liang H, Du Y, Zhu Y, Wang X: Curcumin Inhibits Transforming Growth Factor-beta Activity via Inhibition of Smad Signaling in HK-2 Cells. Histol Histopathol. 2009 Apr;24(4):473-9.


Results:Curcumin inhibited TGF-beta (1)-induced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) mRNA and protein expression.
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17974953 Zeisberg EM, Potenta S, Xie L, Zeisberg M, Kalluri R: Discovery of endothelial to mesenchymal transition as a source for carcinoma-associated fibroblasts. Cancer Res. 2007 Nov 1;67(21):10123-8.


Although de novo activation of quiescent fibroblasts into alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha SMA)-positive myofibroblasts is one likely source, epithelial to mesenchymal transition and bone marrow recruitment are also evolving as possible mechanisms for the emergence of a heterogeneous population of carcinoma-associated fibroblasts.
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18473419 Chen H, He YW, Liu WQ, Zhang JH: Rosiglitazone prevents murine hepatic fibrosis induced by Schistosoma japonicum. Mol Cell Biomech. 2009 Dec;6(4):217-27.


Expression of TGF-beta1, a-smooth muscle actin and type I and type III collagen was detected by immunohistochemistry and multimedia color pathographic analysis system.
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19862334 Seong GJ, Hong S, Jung SA, Lee JJ, Lim E, Kim SJ, Lee JH: TGF-beta-induced interleukin-6 participates in transdifferentiation of human Tenon's fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. Reprod Domest Anim. 2009 Apr;44(2):303-11.


The expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) protein was assessed by western immunoblots and immunofluorescence.
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19300462 Luengo Gimeno F, Gatto SC, Croxatto JO, Ferro JI, Gallo JE: In vivo lamellar keratoplasty using platelet-rich plasma as a bioadhesive. World J Gastroenterol. 2008 May 14;14(18):2905-11.


Animals were killed at days 2, 7, 30, and 90 for histological and smooth muscle actin (SMA) immunohistochemical analysis.
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18929613 Shyu MH, Kao TC, Yen GC: Hsian-tsao (Mesona procumbens Heml.) prevents against rat liver fibrosis induced by CCl (4) via inhibition of hepatic stellate cells activation. Mod Pathol. 2009 Jul;22(7):950-8. Epub 2009 May 1.


Oral administration of EHT reduced the levels of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and the activity of metalloproteinases (MMPs) in rats injured by treatment with CCl (4).
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20123583 Chou CC, Chou MJ, Tzen CY: Prediction of KIT mutation in gastrointestinal stromal tumors by the immunoprofile of the tumor cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 2007 Dec 15;74(12):1747-57. Epub 2007 Aug 21.


METHODS: One hundred and forty-nine GIST were subjected to mutation analysis for KIT and immunohistochemical analysis for the expression of CD117, CD34, alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA), and S100 protein.
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18036304 Chen J, Xu ZS, Zhao HF, Dong DX: [Distribution and differentiation of marrow mesenchymal cells in tumor tissue: experimental with rabbits]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2007 Sep 4;87(33):2361-4.


Double labeling immunofluorescence for alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and vimentin was performed to identify whether MSCs could differentiate into myofibroblasts.
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18929863 Song J, Lu YP, Luo GH, Yang L, Ma X, Xia QJ, Shi YJ, Li YP: Effects of mycophenolate mofetil on chronic allograft nephropathy by affecting RHO/ROCK signal pathways. Eur J Clin Invest. 2008 Jun;38(6):410-20.


Expressions of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) were observed by immunohistochemistry.
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18950996 Petschnik AE, Ciba P, Kruse C, Danner S: Controlling alpha-SMA expression in adult human pancreatic stem cells by soluble factors. Bone. 2008 Sep;43(3):501-10. Epub 2008 May 10.


During activation of mesodermal differentiation, the cytoskeletal protein alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) seems to play an important role in different cell systems and can usually be detected in hPSCs during in vitro cultivation.
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17724219 Lee H, O'Meara SJ, O'Brien C, Kane R: The role of gremlin, a BMP antagonist, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010 Apr;51(4):1935-42. Epub 2009 Nov 11.


The expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), vimentin, and zona occludens (ZO)-1 were examined via PCR, Western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence.
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19278794 Brazowski E, Dotan I, Tulchinsky H, Filip I, Eisenthal A: Galectin-3 expression in pouchitis in patients with ulcerative colitis who underwent ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA). Pathol Res Pract. 2009;205(8):551-8. Epub 2009 Mar 10.


Paraffin-embedded pouch biopsies from patients with normal pouch function or chronic and recurrent acute pouchitis were immunohistostained with galectin-3, CD68, and smooth muscle actin (SMA) antibodies.
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17653731 Nagata K, Masumoto K, Uesugi T, Yamamoto S, Yoshizaki K, Fukumoto S, Nonaka K, Taguchi T: Effect of insulin-like-growth factor and its receptors regarding lung development in fetal mice. Korean J Gastroenterol. 2009 Jul;54(1):20-7.


All cultures were investigated by immunohistochemistry, using the antibodies of thyroid transcription factor (TTF)-1, prosurfactant protein (proSp)-C, alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), and anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA).
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19264887 Baba T, Grebe R, Hasegawa T, Bhutto I, Merges C, McLeod DS, Lutty GA: Maturation of the fetal human choriocapillaris. J Mol Med. 2010 Apr;88(4):401-11. Epub 2010 Jan 9.


METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was performed on cryopreserved sections of embryonic/fetal human eyes from 7 to 22 weeks' gestation (WG), using antibodies against PAL-E, PV-1 (fenestrations), carbonic anhydrase IV (CA IV), eNOS, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alphaSMA) and NG2 (two pericyte markers) and the EC marker (CD31).
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18503750 Yu J, Wu CW, Chu ES, Hui AY, Cheng AS, Go MY, Ching AK, Chui YL, Chan HL, Sung JJ: Elucidation of the role of COX-2 in liver fibrogenesis using transgenic mice. Toxicol Lett. 2009 Dec 1;191(1):57-68. Epub 2009 Aug 14.


Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation was determined by immunohistochemical analysis of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA). mRNA expression of fibrogenic genes was assayed by real-time quantitative PCR.
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20235832 Ayala P, Lopez JI, Desai T: Microtopographical cues in 3D Attenuate Fibrotic Phenotype and Extracellular Matrix Deposition: Implications for Tissue Regeneration. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2009 Jun;8(3):300-8.


In addition, the contractility marker alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and adhesion molecule integrin alpha3 were also significantly down-regulated.
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18479415 Ogasawara T, Morine Y, Ikemoto T, Imura S, Shimada M: Beneficial effects of Kampo medicine Inchin-ko-to on liver function and regeneration after hepatectomy in rats. Pathol Int. 2008 Jan;58(1):64-8.


Liver sections were stained using immunohistochemistry (hemeoxygenase-1 [HO-1], alpha-smooth muscle actin [SMA], and proliferating cell nuclear antigen [PCNA]).
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18947621 Rolle U, Puri P: Structural basis of voiding dysfunction in megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome. Int Wound J. 2009 Jun;6(3):214-24.


Single fluorescence immunohistochemistry for alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA), desmin, dystrophin, vinculin and collagen types I and III was carried out.
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18845763 Kim MR, Jeon ES, Kim YM, Lee JS, Kim JH: Thromboxane a (2) induces differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells to smooth muscle-like cells. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2008 Jan;39(1):76-9.


In the present study, we demonstrate for the first time that the TxA (2) mimetic U46619 induces differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived MSCs (hADSCs) to smooth muscle-like cells, as demonstrated by increased expression of smooth muscle-specific contractile proteins such as alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), calponin, smoothelin, and smooth muscle-myosin heavy chain.
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18558191 Nakano R, Paran TS, Rolle U, Puri P: Age-related changes in the neuromuscular development of the internal anal sphincter. Hepatology. 2009 Sep;50(3):939-47.


METHODS: Paraffin sections of IAS from 5 different age groups, E60, E90, 1 day, 4, and 12 weeks old, were stained with protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5), *-smooth muscle actin (*-SMA), caldesmon (CALD), calponin (CALP), and desmin (DES) antibodies.
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18930216 Odagiri K, Konno R, Fujiwara H, Netsu S, Yang C, Suzuki M: Smooth muscle metaplasia and innervation in interstitium of endometriotic lesions related to pain. Pediatr Nephrol. 2008 Jun;23(6):913-9.


INTERVENTION (S): Immunohistochemical staining of endometriotic specimens for alpha-smooth muscle actin (ASMA), neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), and nerve growth factor (NGF) expression.
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17976157 Hagiwara S, Otsuka T, Yamazaki Y, Kosone T, Sohara N, Ichikawa T, Sato K, Kakizaki S, Takagi H, Mori M: Overexpression of NK2 promotes liver fibrosis in carbon tetrachloride-induced chronic liver injury. Mol Cancer. 2009 Sep 27;8:78.


The protein levels of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), c-Met and its phosphorylation were determined by Western blot analysis.
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19674318 Makni K, Jarraya F, Khabir A, Hentati B, Hmida MB, Makni H, Boudawara T, Jlidi R, Hachicha J, Ayadi H: Renal alpha-smooth muscle actin: a new prognostic factor for lupus nephritis. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2009 Dec;25(6):405-8.

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18726604 Donnell AM, Doi T, Hollwarth M, Kalicinski P, Czauderna P, Puri P: Deficient alpha-smooth muscle actin as a cause of functional intestinal obstruction in childhood. Planta Med. 2008 Aug;74(10):1246-52. Epub 2008 Jul 8.

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18273647 Kawasaki Y, Imaizumi T, Matsuura H, Ohara S, Takano K, Suyama K, Hashimoto K, Nozawa R, Suzuki H, Hosoya M: Renal expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and c-Met in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis. Reproduction. 2009 Aug;138(2):341-50. Epub 2009 May 18.

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17611319 Li JC, Chang L, Lu D, Jiang DJ, Tan DM: [Effect of asymmetric dimethylarginine on the activation of hepatic stellate cells and its mechanism]. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2007 Jun;32(3):427-32.


Expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and synthesis of type-I collagens in HSC were determined.
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18815536 Zhang X, Cui Y, Fang L, Li F: Chronic high-fat diets induce oxide injuries and fibrogenesis of pancreatic cells in rats. J Biol Chem. 2008 Oct 3;283(40):26839-49. Epub 2008 Jul 31.


Histopathologic changes were observed by Sirius red staining for fibrosis and immunostaining of the pancreatic stellate cells for desmin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, platelet-derived growth factor receptor type beta, and transforming growth factor beta1.
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20021609 Kwon MJ, Nam ES, Cho SJ, Park HR, Shin HS, Park JH, Park CH, Lee WJ: Comparison of tissue microarray and full section in immunohistochemistry of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Biomaterials. 2008 May;29(14):2203-16. Epub 2008 Mar 4.


Six primary antibody markers (c-Kit, CD34, smooth muscle actin (SMA), S-100, p53, and Ki-67) were used with the TMA technique to analyze 0.6 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm punch cores of GIST samples from 67 patients.
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20004561 Katori Y, Cho BH, Song CH, Fujimiya M, Murakami G, Kawase T: Smooth-to-striated muscle transition in human esophagus: an immunohistochemical study using fetal and adult materials. Ann Anat. 2010 Feb 20;192(1):33-41. Epub 2009 Nov 10.


METHODS: In horizontal sections of 10 human fetuses between 9 and 16 weeks of gestation, we identified immunoreactivity for smooth muscle actin (SMA), striated muscle myosin heavy chain (MyH), desmin, PGP9.5, S100 protein, c-kit, and CD68 in the thoracic esophagus.
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19391120 Gotohda T, Nishimura A, Morita K: Immunohistochemical studies on early stage of hepatic damage induced by subacute inhalation of toluene vapor in rats. J Appl Toxicol. 2009 Aug;29(6):505-9.


Toluene inhalation was furthermore shown to enhance the immunoreactivities of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), collagen, glucocorticoid receptors (GR) and leptin receptors (Ob-R) in the liver.
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18703754 Hauso O, Gustafsson BI, Nordrum IS, Waldum HL: The effect of terguride in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in rat. Exp Biol Med. 2008 Nov;233(11):1385-8. Epub 2008 Aug 14.


The extent of fibrosis was evaluated by liver weight, histologic analysis, biochemical analysis, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) immunohistochemistry.
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19966107 Attia E, Brown H, Henshaw R, George S, Hannafin JA: Patterns of Gene Expression in a Rabbit Partial Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection Model: The Potential Role of Mechanical Forces. Kidney Int. 2008 Mar;73(5):588-94. Epub 2007 Dec 5.


HYPOTHESES: (1) Stress deprivation in the surgically transected ACL will increase matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression. (2) Stress deprivation will decrease collagen expression. (3) The transected anteromedial bundle of the ACL will demonstrate a pattern of gene expression similar to the completely transected ACL, while gene expression profiles in the intact posterolateral bundle will be similar to the sham-operated controls.
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17923411 Schachner T, Steger C, Heiss S, Bonaros N, Sterlacci W, Laufer G, Bonatti J: Paclitaxel treatment reduces neointimal hyperplasia in cultured human saphenous veins. Biomaterials. 2007 Sep;28(27):3936-43. Epub 2007 Jun 18.


The neointimal amount of the contractile protein smooth muscle actin (SMA) in paclitaxel 1 micromol/l treated veins was significantly higher than baseline values (p=0.037).
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18550647 Ardura JA, Berruguete R, Ramila D, Alvarez-Arroyo MV, Esbrit P: Parathyroid hormone-related protein interacts with vascular endothelial growth factor to promote fibrogenesis in the obstructed mouse kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2008 Aug;295(2):F415-25. Epub 2008 Jun 11.


These changes were associated with higher fibronectin mRNA expression and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and integrin-linked kinase (ILK) immunostaining and lower apoptotic tubulointerstitial cells in the mouse obstructed kidney than in control littermates.
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19255788 Satoh T, Sakurai E, Tada H, Masuda T: Ontogeny of reticular framework of white pulp and marginal zone in human spleen: immunohistochemical studies of fetal spleens from the 17th to 40th week of gestation. Cell Tissue Res. 2009 May;336(2):287-97. Epub 2009 Mar 3.


In the spleen of the 17th gestational week (gw), alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA)-positive reticulum cells were scattered around the arterioles.
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19338748 Yang R, Huang YC, Lin G, Wang G, Hung S, Dai YT, Sun ZY, Lue TF, Lin CS: Lack of direct androgen regulation of PDE5 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009 Mar 20;380(4):758-62. Epub 2009 Jan 29.


Immunostaining detected concomitant reduction of PDE5 and alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression in the corpus cavernosum of castrated rats.
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18812033 Yuan LP, Chen FH, Ling L, Bo H, Chen ZW, Li F, Zhong MM, Xia LJ: Protective effects of total flavonoids of Bidens bipinnata L. against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2008 Oct;60(10):1393-402.


Moreover, TFB (80 and 160 mg kg (-1)) treatment improved the morphologic changes of hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl4 and suppressed nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) protein expression and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 gene expression in the liver of liver fibrosis of rats.
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20088405 Shinkawa H, Takemura S, Minamiyama Y, Kodai S, Tsukioka T, Osada-Oka M, Kubo S, Okada S, Suehiro S: S-allylcysteine is effective as a chemopreventive agent against porcine serum-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. Osaka City Med J. 2009 Dec;55(2):61-9.


Liver was examined for expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) as a marker of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation.
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20038715 Wang S, Schmaderer C, Kiss E, Schmidt C, Bonrouhi M, Porubsky S, Gretz N, Schaefer L, Kirschning CJ, Popovic ZV, Grone HJ: Recipient Toll-like receptors contribute to chronic graft dysfunction by both MyD88- and TRIF-dependent signaling. Food Chem Toxicol. 2008 Dec;46(12):3707-13. Epub 2008 Sep 26.


TLR-, MyD88- and TRIF-deficient recipients showed a significant reduction in fibrosis. alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA)-positive cells were decreased by up to ninefold, and collagen I and III were reduced by up to twofold.
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19434765 Zuo C, Xie XS, Qiu HY, Deng Y, Zhu D, Fan JM: Astragalus mongholicus ameliorates renal fibrosis by modulating HGF and TGF-beta in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007 Nov;22(11):2001-8.


The expressions of fibronectin (FN), type I collagen (colI), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunohistochemistry staining, and Western blot.
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17973934 Zhang BJ, Xu D, Guo Y, Ping J, Chen LB, Wang H: Protection by and anti-oxidant mechanism of berberine against rat liver fibrosis induced by multiple hepatotoxic factors. Ann Anat. 2009 Jan;191(1):116-25. Epub 2008 Sep 20.


Liver biopsies were obtained for histological and immunohistochemical studies to detect the expressions of alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1. 3.
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19462508 Hawinkels LJ, Verspaget HW, van der Reijden JJ, van der Zon JM, Verheijen JH, Hommes DW, Lamers CB, Sier CF: Active TGF-beta1 correlates with myofibroblasts and malignancy in the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007 Sep;48(9):4291-9.


Active TGF-beta1 levels correlated significantly with plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and several matrix-remodeling proteinases.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19484746 Takeda K, Okamoto M, de Langhe S, Dill E, Armstrong M, Reisdorf N, Irwin D, Koster M, Wilder J, Stenmark KR, West J, Klemm D, Gelfand EW, Nozik-Grayck E, Majka SM: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-g agonist treatment increases septation and angiogenesis and decreases airway hyperresponsiveness in a model of experimental neonatal chronic lung disease. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009 Oct;50(10):4949-56. Epub 2009 Jun 3.


Analyses of body weight and lung histology were performed on P13 and P41 to localize and quantitate PPARgamma expression, determine alveolar and microvessel density, proliferation and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) levels as a measure of myofibroblast differentiation.
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19910144 Verjee LS, Midwood K, Davidson D, Essex D, Sandison A, Nanchahal J: Myofibroblast distribution in Dupuytren's cords: correlation with digital contracture. Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi. 2009 Dec;25(6):454-9.


We aimed to determine myofibroblast distribution (alpha-smooth muscle actin [alpha-SMA] positive cells) within Dupuytren's tissue and to correlate histologically defined alpha-SMA-positive nodules with digital contracture and recurrent disease.
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20038548 Dalla Costa AP, Clemente CF, Carvalho HF, Carvalheira JB, Nadruz W Jr, Franchini KG: FAK mediates the activation of cardiac fibroblasts induced by mechanical stress through regulation of the mTOR complex. Int J Surg Pathol. 2008 Apr;16(2):143-9. Epub 2008 Apr 7.


Proliferation (anti-5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine and anti-Ki67 nuclear labelling), differentiation into myofibroblasts (expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin-alpha-SMA), and the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 were equally enhanced in stretched NF-P3/80 and AF-P1/80.
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19052772 Van Rossen E, Vander Borght S, van Grunsven LA, Reynaert H, Bruggeman V, Blomhoff R, Roskams T, Geerts A: Vinculin and cellular retinol-binding protein-1 are markers for quiescent and activated hepatic stellate cells in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded human liver. Rheumatology. 2008 Feb;47(2):172-5. Epub 2008 Jan 3.


With immunohistochemistry we examined the expression of synemin, desmin, vimentin, vinculin, neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), cellular retinol-binding protein-1 (CRBP-1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), cysteine- and glycine-rich protein 2 (CRP2), and cytoglobin/stellate cell activation-associated protein (cygb/STAP).
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19056781 Dudas PL, Argentieri RL, Farrell FX: BMP-7 fails to attenuate TGF-beta1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human proximal tubule epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008 Aug 8;372(4):571-7. Epub 2008 May 27.


METHODS: EMT was determined by quantitative real-time PCR analysis of e-cadherin, vimentin, CTGF and TGF-beta1 transcript expression and immunocytochemical analysis of ZO-1 and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) protein expression following TGF-beta1 treatment in RPTEC and HK-2 cells.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19712133 Hirabayashi K, Nakamura N, Kajiwara H, Hori S, Kawaguchi Y, Yamashita T, Dowaki S, Imaizumi T, Osamura RY: Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) of the pancreas: immunoelectron microscopy and review of the literature. Cancer Sci. 2008 Jul;99(7):1355-61. Epub 2008 May 2.


The tumor cells expressed HMB45 and alpha-smooth muscle actin.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19861282 Tang LX, Yang G, Tang JJ: [Smad7 inhibits collagen expression in human hepatic satellite cells in vitro]. Hepatol Res. 2008 Aug;38(8):818-24. Epub 2008 May 12.


OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Smad7 on the expressions of collagen I and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) in HSC-T6 cell line activated by transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18462380 Kim SM, Park KC, Kim HG, Han SJ: Effect of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor meloxicam on liver fibrosis in rats with ligated common bile ducts. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2009 Oct;29(10):2122-3


The expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), and COX-2 were measured with immunohistochemical staining.
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19201774 Paik YH, Kim JK, Lee JI, Kang SH, Kim DY, An SH, Lee SJ, Lee DK, Han KH, Chon CY, Lee SI, Lee KS, Brenner DA: Celecoxib induces hepatic stellate cell apoptosis through inhibition of Akt activation and suppresses hepatic fibrosis in rats. Pediatr Res. 2008 Feb;63(2):124-30.


Oral administration of celecoxib (20 mg/kg/day) significantly decreased hepatic collagen deposition and alpha-SMA (alpha-smooth muscle actin) expression in BDL- and TAA-treated rats.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19614927 Ishiguro S, Akasaka Y, Kiguchi H, Suzuki T, Imaizumi R, Ishikawa Y, Ito K, Ishii T: Basic fibroblast growth factor induces down-regulation of alpha-smooth muscle actin and reduction of myofibroblast areas in open skin wounds. Arkh Patol. 2009 Jan-Feb;71(1):12-8.

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19393328 Sugiura H, Ichikawa T, Liu X, Kobayashi T, Wang XQ, Kawasaki S, Togo S, Kamio K, Mao L, Ann Y, Ichinose M, Rennard SI: N-acetyl-L-cysteine inhibits TGF-beta1-induced profibrotic responses in fibroblasts. Saudi J Gastroenterol. 2009 Jul-Sep;15(3):188-92.


In addition, the effect of NAC on the TGF-beta (1)-induced differentiation to myofibroblasts was evaluated by assessing alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17651610 Long X, Xiong SD, Xiong WN, Xu YJ, Zhang ZX, Cao Y, Chen J, Xu XH: [Losartan inhibited angiotensin induced human lung fibroblast transformation and collagen synthesis]. Liver Int. 2008 Jan;28(1):126-31. Epub 2007 Nov 1.


The marker of myofibroblast-alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot respectively, and the expression of CTGF mRNA and protein level were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry respectively.
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18077605 Yin Z, Tong Y, Zhu H, Watsky MA: ClC-3 is required for LPA-activated Cl- current activity and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation. Fertil Steril. 2009 Nov;92(5):1525-31. Epub 2008 Oct 18.


ClC-3 knockdown also resulted in a reduction of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) protein levels in the presence of TGF-beta (1), whereas ClC-3 overexpression increased alpha-SMA protein expression in the absence of TGF-beta (1).
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19551523 Hirschfeld J, Maurer J, Jung D, Kwiecinski M, Khimji AK, Dienes HP, Fries JW, Odenthal M: Targeting myofibroblasts in model systems of fibrosis by an artificial alpha-smooth muscle-actin promoter hybrid. Pediatr Surg Int. 2007 Oct;23(10):953-9.

An artificial promoter containing the -702 bp regulatory sequence of the alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) gene linked to the first intron enhancer sequence of the beta-actin gene and the beta-globin intron-exon junction was constructed and tested for myofibroblast-dependent gene expression using the green fluorescent protein as a reporter.
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18154735 Sebe A, Masszi A, Zulys M, Yeung T, Speight P, Rotstein OD, Nakano H, Mucsi I, Szaszi K, Kapus A: Rac, PAK and p38 regulate cell contact-dependent nuclear translocation of myocardin-related transcription factor. J Formos Med Assoc. 2010 Jan;109(1):25-31.

We investigated the mechanism whereby cell contact injury stimulates the alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) promoter, a key process for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during organ fibrosis.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
18280092 Cau J, Favreau F, Tillement JP, Lerman LO, Hauet T, Goujon JM: Trimetazidine reduces early and long-term effects of experimental renal warm ischemia: a dose effect study. Stem Cells Dev. 2009 Dec 21.


Direct effect of TMZ was determined using different variables: renal function (creatinine clearance; C (cr)) and indirectly, the consequences on inflammation (cells infiltration), rate of apoptosis, fibrosis development, and renal epithelial cells change into myofibroblast, which defined epithelial to mesenchymal transition (alpha-smooth muscle actin [alpha-SMA] and vimentin expression).
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18363643 Wang N, Yang J, Yu X, Hu J, Xing C, Ju X, Shen X, Qian J, Zhao X, Wang X: Radial artery calcification in end-stage renal disease patients is associated with deposition of osteopontin and diminished expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2009 Dec;36(6):725-8. Epub 2009 May 23.

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19626665 Huh MI, Kim YH, Park JH, Bae SW, Kim MH, Chang Y, Kim SJ, Lee SR, Lee YS, Jin EJ, Sonn JK, Kang SS, Jung JC: Distribution of TGF-beta isoforms and signaling intermediates in corneal fibrotic wound repair. J Recept Signal Transduct Res. 2009;29(5):280-5.


TGF-beta3 was mainly detected in the unwound region of basal epithelial cells. alpha-Smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) was initially appeared in the posterior region of repairing stroma at day 3, and was detected in the entire healing stroma by day 7.
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19302752 Zou N, Hong J, Dai QY: Passive cigarette smoking induces inflammatory injury in human arterial walls. Chin Med J. 2009 Feb 20;122(4):444-8.


METHODS: The biological markers (platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, PECAM-1; alpha-smooth muscle actin, alpha-SMA; collagen IV, Col IV) and inflammatory markers (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, VCAM-1; monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, MCP-1; interleukin-8, IL-8) of human aortal wall were tested by immunofluorescence staining.
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18633183 Roson MI, Cao G, Della Penna S, Gorzalczany S, Pandolfo M, Toblli JE, Fernandez BE: Angiotensin II increases intrarenal transforming growth factor-beta1 in rats submitted to sodium overload independently of blood pressure. Hypertens Res. 2008 Apr;31(4):707-15.


The renal distributions of TGF-beta1, alpha-smooth-muscle-actin (alpha-SMA) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry.
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18949416 Tai WC, Chuah SK, Lin JW, Chen HH, Huang HY, Kuo CM, Yi LN, Lee CM, Changchien CS, Hu TH: Colorectal mesenchymal tumors - from smooth muscle tumors to stromal tumors. Oncol Rep. 2008 Nov;20(5):1157-64.


Immunohistochemical studies were performed with antibodies of CD117, CD34, smooth muscle actin (SMA), desmin, S-100, Ki-67 and PCNA for clinicopathologic and prognostic correlation.
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18988920 Shukla MN, Rose JL, Ray R, Lathrop KL, Ray A, Ray P: Hepatocyte growth factor inhibits epithelial to myofibroblast transition in lung cells via Smad7. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010 Mar 19;393(4):855-9. Epub 2010 Feb 18.


Cellular changes underlying disease progression involve injury to alveolar epithelial cells, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, proliferation of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA)-expressing myofibroblasts and of fibroblasts resulting in enhanced deposition of extracellular matrix proteins.
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17907149 Manetti M, Neumann E, Milia AF, Tarner IH, Bechi P, Matucci-Cerinic M, Ibba-Manneschi L, Muller-Ladner U: Severe fibrosis and increased expression of fibrogenic cytokines in the gastric wall of systemic sclerosis patients. Am J Sports Med. 2009 Dec 4.


Tissue sections were either stained with Masson's trichrome or by immunohistochemistry and analyzed for the expression of types I, III, and IV collagen, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and endothelin 1 (ET-1).
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19217652 Aksu B, Umit H, Kanter M, Guzel A, Aktas C, Civelek S, Uzun H: Effects of methylene blue in reducing cholestatic oxidative stress and hepatic damage after bile-duct ligation in rats. Acta Histochem. 2010 May;112(3):259-69. Epub 2009 Feb 14.


Positive immunolabelling for alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) was increased, especially in vascular smooth muscle cells, fibrotic septa and also around the proliferated bile ducts, after bile-duct ligation.
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20358000 Park SY, Shin HW, Lee KB, Lee MJ, Jang JJ: Differential expression of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in thioacetamide-induced chronic liver injury. Am J Nephrol. 2010 Feb 17;31(4):332-341.


The transcriptional and translational levels of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), MMPs, and TIMPs in the liver were measured by Western blotting, RT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry.
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19706787 Shamhart PE, Luther DJ, Hodson BR, Koshy JC, Ohanyan V, Meszaros JG: Impact of type 1 diabetes on cardiac fibroblast activation: enhanced cell cycle progression and reduced myofibroblast content in the diabetic myocardium. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2007 Dec;32(6):906-11. Epub 2007 Oct 17.


Surprisingly, the hearts from the diabetic group contained lower levels of the myofibroblast marker alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and higher levels of desmin and pecam.
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18518656 Han RI, Black A, Culshaw GJ, French AT, Else RW, Corcoran BM: Distribution of myofibroblasts, smooth muscle-like cells, macrophages, and mast cells in mitral valve leaflets of dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease. Eye. 2010 Feb;24(2):368-75. Epub 2009 Mar 20.


PROCEDURES: A combination of standard histologic and immunohistochemical techniques was used to identify pathologic changes, the presence of mast cells, and the density and distribution of cells expressing vimentin, desmin, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), smooth muscle myosin, and the macrophage marker MAC387.
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18992195 Huang YJ, Wang ZH, Zhang JB, Liang L, Chen F, Zhao JH: [Smad7 instead of Smad6 blocks epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by TGF-beta in human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells]. Mol Biol Rep. 2010 Mar 26.


The levels of phospho-Smad2, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and E-cadherin proteins were measured by Western blot.
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19112898 Zuo C, Xie XS, Deng Y, Fan JM: [Effect of Astragalus mongholicus on expression of connective tissue growth factor in kidney of SD rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction]. Lab Invest. 2009 May;89(5):562-74. Epub 2009 Mar 2.


The expressions of CTGF and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) were measured by immunohistochemistry staining sections.
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19786014 Shi H, Dong L, Bai Y, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Zhang L: Chlorogenic acid against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2009 Nov 25;623(1-3):119-24. Epub 2009 Sep 26.


Intragastric administration of CGA reduced the protein expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and glucose-regulated proteins 78 and 94 (GRP78 and GRP94) in rats injured by treatment with CCl (4).
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17898695 Sauter A, Machura K, Neubauer B, Kurtz A, Wagner C: Development of renin expression in the mouse kidney. . Zhong Yao Cai. 2008 Aug;31(8):1185-90.


Renin immunoreactivity first appeared at day 14 of development in the cells expressing alpha-smooth muscle actin (alphaSMA) in the arcuate arteries.
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19567053 Li C, Zhang B, Wang ZH, Chen JC, Li B, Wang SX, Chen J, Li CH, Wang W, Song YF: [Significance of a reversal expression of the angiopoietin-1 and 2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2009 May;44(5):412-8.


METHODS: The expression of Ang-1, Ang-2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CD34 and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) were studied in 62 human OSCCs, 30 adjacent noncancerous oral tissues and 10 normal oral mucosa by conventional immunohistochemistry.
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20071339 Chan MW, Chaudary F, Lee W, Copeland JW, McCulloch CA: Force-induced myofibroblast differentiation through collagen receptors is dependent on mammalian diaphanous (mDia). J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2009 May;10(5):380-90.


We examined the role of mDia in the mechano-sensing pathway that leads to force-induced expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA), a marker and critical determinant of myofibroblast differentiation.
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18722368 Feilchenfeld Z, Yucel YH, Gupta N: Oxidative injury to blood vessels and glia of the pre-laminar optic nerve head in human glaucoma. Vet Ophthalmol. 2007 Nov-Dec;10 Suppl 1:38-45.


Immunostaining with nitrotyrosine, a footprint for peroxynitrite-mediated injury, was performed and sections were double-labeled with markers for vascular endothelial cells, perivascular smooth muscle cells, and astrocytes with CD34, smooth muscle actin (SMA), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), respectively.
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19034132 Kawamura A, Tatsuguchi A, Ishizaki M, Takahashi H, Fukuda Y: Expression of microsomal prostaglandin e synthase-1 in fibroblasts of rabbit alkali-burned corneas. Cornea. 2008 Dec;27(10):1156-63.


Using immunostaining, the localization of mPGES-1, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) protein was studied.
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18581790 Netto MV, Barreto J Jr, Santo R, Bechara S, Kara-Jose N, Wilson SE: Synergistic effect of ethanol and mitomycin C on corneal stroma. . Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009 Mar 13;380(3):620-6. Epub 2009 Jan 27.


Twelve rabbits were sacrificed at two time points -4 hours and 4 weeks after surgery--and immunohistochemistry was performed with TUNEL assay, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), and DAPI.
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19573338 Wang T, Shi WY, Li SX, Liu MN: [Relationship between corneal neovascularization and various relevant biological factors in surrounding cornea stroma of rats]. Anat Rec. 2009 Jul;292(7):1045-61.


Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and fibroblast activation protein (FAP) in the stroma surrounding corneal neovascularization were detected by immunohistochemical studies on day 1, 3 and 7 after chemical burn.
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18936687 Paner GP, Shen SS, Lapetino S, Venkataraman G, Barkan GA, Quek ML, Ro JY, Amin MB: Diagnostic utility of antibody to smoothelin in the distinction of muscularis propria from muscularis mucosae of the urinary bladder: a potential ancillary tool in the pathologic staging of invasive urothelial carcinoma. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2008 Oct;23(10):3302-6. Epub 2008 May 13.


We performed immunohistochemical staining in the bladder for smoothelin to: (a) evaluate its expression in MM and MP muscle in cystectomy specimens and by comparing the staining pattern with smooth muscle actin (SMA), (b) study MP variations in the bladder trigone and at the ureteric insertion in the bladder wall, and (c) assess the staining pattern of MM and MP in a representative group of transurethral resection of bladder tumor specimens.
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19002105 Kawai T, Masaki T, Doi S, Arakawa T, Yokoyama Y, Doi T, Kohno N, Yorioka N: PPAR-gamma agonist attenuates renal interstitial fibrosis and inflammation through reduction of TGF-beta. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2009 Dec;41(6):722-30. Epub 2009 Mar 13.


Protein expression was assessed by western blotting (TGF beta R-I) and immunostaining (TGF beta R-I, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), type I collagen (collagen I), F4/80, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)).
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19542195 Osada S, Hamada C, Shimaoka T, Kaneko K, Horikoshi S, Tomino Y: Alterations in proteoglycan components and histopathology of the peritoneum in uraemic and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Transplant Proc. 2008 Oct;40(8):2800-3.


Expressions of decorin, versican, hyaluronan, MMP-2, alfa smooth muscle actin (alphaSMA) and CD68 for macrophages in these specimens were examined by immunohistochemical staining.
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18398367 Minchiotti S, Stampachiacchiere B, Micera A, Lambiase A, Ripandelli G, Billi B, Bonini S: Human idiopathic epiretinal membranes express NGF and NGF receptors. . Tissue Eng Part A. 2010 Mar 17.


Biochemical and molecular analyses were performed to identify alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA, a defined myoFB marker), NGF, trkA (NGFR)/p75 (NTR), and TGF-beta1/TGF-betaRII.
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19926889 Bondi CD, Manickam N, Lee DY, Block K, Gorin Y, Abboud HE, Barnes JL: NAD (P) H oxidase mediates TGF-beta1-induced activation of kidney myofibroblasts. Free Radic Biol Med. 2010 Mar 27.


Here, we examined a role for NAD (P) H oxidase-derived ROS in TGF-beta1-induced activation of rat kidney fibroblasts and expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and Fn-ED-A.
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19175832 Lin YL, Wu CF, Huang YT: Effects of rhubarb on migration of rat hepatic stellate cells. Stem Cells. 2009 Jan;27(1):191-9.


In this study, we investigated the effects of rhubarb (Rheum palmatum L.) on transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1-induced expressions of alpha-smooth-muscle actin (SMA) and collagen, and the migration of HSCs.
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19572028 Huber LC, Soltermann A, Fischler M, Gay S, Weder W, Russi EW, Speich R, Ulrich S: Caveolin-1 Expression and Hemodynamics in COPD Patients. Wound Repair Regen. 2009 Jul-Aug;17(4):617-25.


Similar findings were observed for the ratio between intimal and medial thickness as well as for the expression of smooth muscle actin (SMA).Taken together, the expression of caveolin-1 within medial smooth muscle cells of pulmonary arteries in patients with COPD is associated with pulmonary hypertension.
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18421080 Meyer-Ter-Vehn T, Katzenberger B, Han H, Grehn F, Schlunck G: Lovastatin inhibits TGF-beta-induced myofibroblast transdifferentiation in human tenon fibroblasts. Open Respir Med J. 2009 May 13;3:73-8.


METHODS: Human Tenon fibroblasts were grown in culture, pretreated with lovastatin, lovastatin and mevalonate, or specific inhibitors of farnesyl transferase or geranylgeranyl transferase and were stimulated with TGF-beta1. alpha-Smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) transcription were assessed by real-time PCR. alpha-SMA protein expression and localization were studied by Western blot and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy.
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19640900 Pang M, Kothapally J, Mao H, Tolbert E, Ponnusamy M, Chin YE, Zhuang S: Inhibition of histone deacetylase activity attenuates renal fibroblast activation and interstitial fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy. J Pediatr Surg. 2008 Jun;43(6):1106-10.


In this study, we investigated the effect of trichostatin A (TSA), a specific histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, on the activation of renal interstitial fibroblasts in a rat renal interstitial fibroblast line (NRK-49F) and the development of renal fibrosis in a murine model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). alpha-Smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and fibronectin, two hallmarks of fibroblast activation, were highly expressed in cultured NRK-49F cells, and their expression was inhibited in the presence of TSA.
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18471414 Huan HD, Zhang JH, Zheng SR, Meng WW, Zhang JL: [Dilingdan Decoction prevents renal interstitial fibrosis in a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2007 Apr;30(4):273-8.


The expressions of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), fibronectin (FN) and laminin (LN) were detected by immunohistochemical method and colored-multimedia pathological image analysis system.
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17650214 Rizkalla H, Toner M: Necrotizing sialometaplasia versus invasive carcinoma of the head and neck: the use of myoepithelial markers and keratin subtypes as an adjunct to diagnosis. J Surg Res. 2009 Oct 23.


METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirteen cases with the histological changes of NSM, eight SCCs and eight MECs were examined with the following immunohistochemical markers: calponin, S100, smooth muscle actin (SMA), p63, CK7, CK5, CK6 and CAM5.2.
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18519229 Gajda M, Jawien J, Mateuszuk L, Lis GJ, Radziszewski A, Chlopicki S, Litwin JA: Triple immunofluorescence labeling of atherosclerotic plaque components in apoE/LDLR -/- mice. Nephron Exp Nephrol. 2010;114(1):e23-31. Epub 2009 Oct 9.

We used combined direct and indirect procedures applying commercially available primary antibodies raised in different species to detect smooth muscle cells (Cy3-conjugated mouse anti-smooth muscle actin, SMA), macrophages (rat anti-CD68) and T lymphocytes (rabbit anti-CD3).
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17973833 Hassel B, Samuelson DA, Lewis PA, Gelatt KN: Immunocytochemical localization of smooth muscle actin-containing cells in the trabecular meshwork of glaucomatous and nonglaucomatous dogs. Transplant Proc. 2008 Oct;40(8):2790-4.

PURPOSE: It has been recently demonstrated that trabecular meshwork (TM) cells within the canine iridocorneal angle (ICA) contain smooth muscle actin (smA) and possess contractile abilities that probably alter aqueous outflow.
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17991328 Huang KH, Liu JH, Wang LY, Wang LY, Li CQ, Zhu ZH, Li HG: [Endoscopic, clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of gastric stromal tumor]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008 Jul;49(7):3164-71. Epub 2008 Mar 14.


The expression of CD117, CD34, smooth muscle actin (SMA), Desmin and S-100 were detected by immunohistochemistry.
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18664259 Yoshimura N, Ohara H, Miyabe K, Ban T, Sano H, Naitoh I, Hayashi K, Ando T, Nakazawa T, Joh T: A case of gastrointestinal stromal tumor with spontaneous rupture in the greater omentum. J Cell Biochem. 2009 Oct 1;108(2):476-88.


Histologically, the tumor was composed of spindle cells, and was positive for c-KIT (CD117), slightly positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA), and S-100 protein positive.
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19285070 Chaurasia SS, Kaur H, de Medeiros FW, Smith SD, Wilson SE: Dynamics of the expression of intermediate filaments vimentin and desmin during myofibroblast differentiation after corneal injury. Exp Eye Res. 2009 Aug;89(2):133-9. Epub 2009 Mar 11.


The purpose of this study was to examine potential myofibroblast progenitor cells that might express other filament markers prior to completion of the differentiation pathway that yields alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA)-expressing myofibroblasts associated with haze localized beneath the epithelial basement membrane after PRK.
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20164786 Yan-Hong F, Hui D, Qing P, Lei S, Hai-Chang W, Wei Z, Yan-Jie C: Effects of Arginine Vasopressin on Differentiation of Cardiac Fibroblasts into Myofibroblasts. Pancreas. 2008 Oct;37(3):e31-8.


In the present study, the effects of AVP on differentiation of CFs into myofibroblasts were examined by the expression of myofibroblastic marker, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), and collagen synthesis.
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17988555 Chen XH, Cao ZZ, Yang ZF, Li L, Zhong NS: [Effects of beclomethasone dipropionate and budesonide on interleukin-13 induced cytokine release, proliferation and differentiation of the human lung fibroblasts]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2007 Aug;30(8):599-604.


The expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) was measured with Western blot and RT-PCR.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19548033 Okabe H, Beppu T, Hayashi H, Horino K, Masuda T, Komori H, Ishikawa S, Watanabe M, Takamori H, Iyama K, Baba H: Hepatic stellate cells may relate to progression of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Arthritis Rheum. 2007 Oct;56(10):3442-7.


METHODS: The association between alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression and the prognoses of 46 ICC patients after hepatic resection was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis.
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19167828 Zhang Z, Garron TM, Li XJ, Liu Y, Zhang X, Li YY, Xu WS: Recombinant human decorin inhibits TGF-beta1-induced contraction of collagen lattice by hypertrophic scar fibroblasts. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2009 Jun;40(6):643-53. Epub 2008 Nov 6.


Decorin also inhibited TGF-beta (1)-induced alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) protein and mRNA expressions in normal and hypertrophic scar fibroblasts.
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19101551 Ono A, Utsugi M, Masubuchi K, Ishizuka T, Kawata T, Shimizu Y, Hisada T, Hamuro J, Mori M, Dobashi K: Glutathione redox regulates TGF-beta-induced fibrogenic effects through Smad3 activation. FEBS Lett. 2009 Jan 22;583(2):357-62. Epub 2008 Dec 25.


In human lung fibroblasts or bronchial smooth muscle cells, we demonstrated that an increase in the intracellular glutathione level suppressed TGF-beta1-induced phosphorylation of Smad3, while inhibiting TGF-beta1-induced expressions of CTGF, collagen type1, fibronectin and transformation into myofibroblasts, which are characterized by the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin.
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18813945 Wessel C, Westhoff CC, Nowak K, Moll I, Barth PJ: CD34 (+) fibrocytes in melanocytic nevi and malignant melanomas of the skin. Virchows Arch. 2008 Nov;453(5):485-9. Epub 2008 Sep 24.


The stroma associated with invasive carcinomas is characterized by a stereotypic loss of CD34 (+) fibrocytes and a phenotype change towards CD34 (-) alpha-Smooth muscle actin (SMA)(+) myofibroblasts.
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17898292 Gotoh N, Perdue NR, Matsushima H, Sage EH, Yan Q, Clark JI: An in vitro model of posterior capsular opacity: SPARC and TGF-beta2 minimize epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in lens epithelium. J Korean Med Sci. 2010 Apr;25(4):570-6. Epub 2010 Mar 19.


Expression of the EMT markers, collagen type I, fibronectin, and alpha-smooth muscle actin were assessed using immunocytochemistry or Western immunoblots.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19700647 Guo W, Shan B, Klingsberg RC, Qin X, Lasky JA: Abrogation of TGF-beta1-induced fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation by histone deacetylase inhibition. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2009 Nov;297(5):L864-70. Epub 2009 Aug 21.


Treatment of normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLFs) with the pan-HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) inhibited TGF-beta1-mediated alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and alpha1 type I collagen mRNA induction.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19548308 Mei F, Han J, Huang Y, Jiang ZY, Xiong CJ, Zhou DS: Plasticity of interstitial cells of cajal: a study in the small intestine of adult Guinea pigs. Anat Rec. 2009 Jul;292(7):985-93.


ICCs were revealed by immunofluorescence on whole mount preparations with anti-Kit, alpha-smooth muscle actin, (alpha-SMA), and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) antibodies.
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18807040 Mainka P, Kahlert S, Kirchner T, Mayr D, Diebold J: [Basal and myoepithelial phenotype of metastatic mammary carcinomas. Dis Model Mech. 2010 Jan-Feb;3(1-2):92-103. Epub 2009 Dec 28.


METHODS: Paraffin-embedded material from 244 primary breast carcinomas of patients with subsequent metastatic disease was stained immunohistochemically for CK 5/6, CK14, smooth-muscle actin, p63, estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor.
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19631650 Hrckova G, Velebny S, Solar P: Dynamics of hepatic stellate cells, collagen types I and III synthesis and gene expression of selected cytokines during hepatic fibrogenesis following Mesocestoides vogae (Cestoda) infection in mice. FEBS Lett. 2008 Jan 23;582(2):291-8. Epub 2007 Dec 27.


Collagen-positive areas mirrored immunostaining of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) in HSCs and myofibroblasts.
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20329614 Sun RF, Liu LX, Zhang HY: [Effect of tanshinone II on hepatic fibrosis in mice] . Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 2009 Nov;29(11):1012-7.


Changes of serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), histopathology of liver (HE staining), area density of collagen in liver (Masson staining), expressions of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), collagen I , fibronectin (FN), transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), Smad3 and IGFBP7 in liver (by immunohiStochemistry), liver content of FN, Smad3 and IGFBP7 (by Western blot), and the hepatocyte apoptosis (by TUNEL) were observed.
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19937078 Mouravas VK, Koletsa T, Sfougaris DK, Philippopoulos A, Petropoulos AS, Zavitsanakis A, Kostopoulos I: Smooth muscle cell differentiation in the processus vaginalis of children with hernia or hydrocele. Hernia. 2009 Nov 24.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the diversity and differentiation of smooth muscle phenotypes in sacs associated with inguinal hernia and hydrocele through the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA), h-caldesmon, desmin, and vimentin.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17646041 Thijssen S, Lambrichts I, Maringwa J, Van Kerkhove E: Changes in expression of fibrotic markers and histopathological alterations in kidneys of mice chronically exposed to low and high Cd doses. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2008 Mar;35(3):303-9. Epub 2007 Oct 30.


Furthermore, the expression of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins collagen I and fibronectin, and the myofibroblast/epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker alfa-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) were studied by means of immunohistochemistry.
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19560950 Pappas PJ, Lal BK, Ohara N, Saito S, Zapiach L, Duran WN: Regulation of matrix contraction in chronic venous disease. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2009 Oct;38(4):518-29. Epub 2009 Jun 27.


Differences in alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and ERK-1/2 MAPK (phosphorylated and total) protein levels were analyzed with western blotting.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19781194 Jiang T, Zhou QS, Pi L, Huang B: [Role of angiotensin II and JAK2 signal pathway in transdifferentation of renal tubular cells in mice after acute ischemic followed by reperfusion]. J Hand Surg Am. 2009 Dec;34(10):1785-94. Epub 2009 Nov 11.


The expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), a phenotype of mesenchymal cells, was detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry methods.
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19253820 Li Q, Fan JM, Pu L, Li Z, Qin W, Su BH: [Effects of interferon-gamma on tubular epithelial-myofibroblast transdifferentiation in vitro]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2008 Nov;39(6):895-9


The expressions of a-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) were detected by immunocytochemistry.
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19231391 Hamamoto H, Gorman JH 3rd, Ryan LP, Hinmon R, Martens TP, Schuster MD, Plappert T, Kiupel M, St John-Sutton MG, Itescu S, Gorman RC: Allogeneic mesenchymal precursor cell therapy to limit remodeling after myocardial infarction: the effect of cell dosage. 943.


CD31 and smooth muscle actin (SMA) immunohistochemical staining was performed on infarct and borderzone specimens to quantify vascular density.
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20208363 Lim CS, Kim EY, Lee HS, Soh Y, Sohn Y, Kim SY, Sohn NW, Jung HS, Kim YB: Protective effects of Cinnamomum cassia Blume in the fibrogenesis of activated HSC-T6 cells and dimethylnitrosamine-induced acute liver injury in SD rats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009 Jul;50(7):3503-11. Epub 2009 Mar 5.


CCE significantly reduced the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta1), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1).
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17935226 Tugues S, Fernandez-Varo G, Munoz-Luque J, Ros J, Arroyo V, Rodes J, Friedman SL, Carmeliet P, Jimenez W, Morales-Ruiz M: Antiangiogenic treatment with sunitinib ameliorates inflammatory infiltrate, fibrosis, and portal pressure in cirrhotic rats. Cardiovasc Res. 2010 Jan 22.


The in vivo effects of SU11248 treatment were monitored in the livers of cirrhotic rats by measuring angiogenesis, inflammatory infiltrate, fibrosis, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) accumulation, differential gene expression by microarrays, and portal pressure.
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18702012 Wang Y, Zhang Z, Shen H, Lu Y, Li H, Ren X, Wu G: TGF-beta1/Smad7 signaling stimulates renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis induced by AAI. J Pediatr Urol. 2006 Aug;2(4):277-84. Epub 2006 Apr 4.


This was also immediately identified by the increased expression of vimentin and de novo expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) with the loss of cytokeratin 18 (CK18) by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence staining.
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19519177 He Z, Zhu Y, Jiang H: Toll-like receptor 4 mediates lipopolysaccharide-induced collagen secretion by phosphoinositide3-kinase-Akt pathway in fibroblasts during acute lung injury. Hepatol Res. 2008 Aug;38(8):800-9. Epub 2008 May 7.


We found that overexpression of TLR4, type I procollagen, alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), and p-AKT in primary cultured mouse lung fibroblast stimulated by LPS were detected by real-time PCR or Western blots, and the contents of C-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP) in cell culture supernatants were increased simultaneously.
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17666798 Kim EY, Kim EK, Lee HS, Sohn Y, Soh Y, Jung HS, Sohn NW: Protective effects of Cuscutae semen against dimethylnitrosamine-induced acute liver injury in Sprague-Dawley rats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010 Jan;51(1):192-200. Epub 2009 Aug 6.


Immunohistochemical studies for alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were performed, along with hydroxyproline and biological assay.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17868111 Fu SC, Cheuk YC, Chan KM, Hung LK, Wong MW: Is cultured tendon fibroblast a good model to study tendon healing? . Oncol Rep. 2009 Apr;21(4):957-69.


The expression of proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) was determined by immunostain.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20177148 Jeon ES, Heo SC, Lee IH, Choi YJ, Park JH, Choi KU, Park DY, Suh DS, Yoon MS, Kim JH: Ovarian Cancer-Derived Lysophosphatidic Acid Stimulates Secretion of VEGF and SDF-1a from Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao. 2008 May;6(5):493-7.


Cancer-derived LPA induces differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) to a-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA)-positive cancer-associated fibroblasts.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19576044 Huang HQ, Zhang P, Jiang Z, Chen HZ: [Overexpression of endothelin-1 induces hypertrophy of rat pulmonary arterial microvascular smooth muscle cells via Akt/mTOR pathway]. Hepatology. 2010 Jan;51(1):267-76.


Immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting were used to determine the level of alpha-smooth muscle actin.
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17617396 Guan H, Zhao Z, He F, Zhou Q, Meng Q, Zhu X, Zheng Z, Hu D, Chen B: The effects of different thawing temperatures on morphology and collagen metabolism of -20 degrees C dealt normal human fibroblast. Histopathology. 2007 Aug;51(2):184-9.


The effects of two different thawing temperatures on frozen fibroblast proliferation, viability, collagen synthesis and alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expressing were investigated.
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17884089 Wakisaka O, Takahashi N, Shinohara T, Ooie T, Nakagawa M, Yonemochi H, Hara M, Shimada T, Saikawa T, Yoshimatsu H: Hyperthermia treatment prevents angiotensin II-mediated atrial fibrosis and fibrillation via induction of heat-shock protein 72. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2009 Apr;32(4):287-91.


HT induced the expression of HSP72, which was associated with the attenuation of AII-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/ERK2) phosphorylation, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression, transforming growth factor-beta (1) secretion, collagen synthesis, and expression of collagen type I and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1.
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19963815 Phu D, Orwin EJ: Characterizing the effects of aligned collagen fibers and ascorbic acid derivatives on behavior of rabbit corneal fibroblasts. Am J Vet Res. 2008 Jun;69(6):763-9.

Results from this study suggest that the combined effect of an aligned scaffolding material and ascorbic acid supplements can create a cell-matrix construct that both downregulates expression of the light scattering protein a-smooth muscle actin (alpha-sma) and supports an increased number of cell layers.
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19142892 Das S, Du Z, Bassly S, Singer L, Vicencio AG: Effects of chronic hypercapnia in the neonatal mouse lung and brain. . Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009 Feb;44(2):176-82.

RESULTS: Exposure to 8% CO (2) resulted in an increased expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-sma) which localized to the tips of developing alveolar buds, and also an increased number of alveolar buds at P7.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
18608982 Shi X, Han W, Yamamoto H, Tang W, Lin X, Xiu R, Trune DR, Nuttall AL: The Cochlear Pericytes. Int Semin Surg Oncol. 2008 Jul 29;5:19.


Materials and Methods: Cochlear pericytes were identified by the immunofluorescence labeling of pericyte marker proteins, including alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), desmin, Thy-1, tropomyosin, and NG2, and by morphological identification, using fluorescence, electron, and differential interference contrast microscopy.
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19153880 Degreef I, De Smet L, Sciot R, Cassiman JJ, Tejpar S: Immunohistochemical evidence for Zic1 coexpression with beta-catenin in the myofibroblast of Dupuytren disease. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 2009;43(1):36-40.


The active cellular component in Dupuytren disease (DD) is the alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) containing myofibroblast.
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19384472 Shiwen X, Rajkumar V, Denton CP, Leask A, Abraham DJ: Pericytes display increased CCN2 expression upon culturing. Microcirculation. 2008 Jul 1:1.


By providing a source of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA)-expressing myofibroblasts, microvascular pericytes contribute to the matrix remodeling that occurs during tissue repair.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17684642 Codes L, Matos L, Parana R: Chronic hepatitis C and fibrosis: evidences for possible estrogen benefits. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2010 Feb 13.


These cells, in response to a harmful stimulus, undergo phenotypic changes from non-proliferating cells to proliferating cells that express a- smooth-muscle actin (alpha-SMA), a process called as transdifferentiation.
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17959033 Liu BC, Xia HL, Wu JN, Zhang XL, Liu DG, Gong YX: Influence of irbesartan on expression of ILK and its relationship with epithelial-mesenchymal transition in mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction. Pathol Int. 2009 Dec;59(12):851-6.


The expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) was significantly increased, while E-cadherin was decreased in mice with UUO at d 3 after the surgery.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19929197 Takeuchi H, Hashimoto N, Kitai R, Kubota T, Kikuta KI: Proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in glioblastoma multiforme. . Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2007 Nov;28(11):1810-8.


Object Glioblastomas multiforme (GBM) contain a higher number of alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA)-positive vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) than those in the respective normal neuronal tissue.
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19395679 Hu B, Wu YM, Wu Z, Phan SH: Nkx2.5/Csx represses myofibroblast differentiation. Burns. 2009 Jun;35(4):527-37. Epub 2009 Jan 23.

They are thought to arise de novo from fibroblasts, and are characterized by induction of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression.
To determine their functional importance, site-directed mutagenesis directed at these elements individually and in combination indicated that mutation of NKE1 and -3 significantly enhanced alpha-SMA gene promoter activity, whereas mutation of NKE2 did not have a significant effect.
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19180920 He CM, Zheng FL, Lian YG, Liu YP: [Relationship between the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor on epithelial-mesenchymal transition of HK-2 cells and the expressions of bone morphogenetic protein-7 and inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation]. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao. 2008 Dec;30(6):703-10.


METHODS: The cultured HK-2 cells were co-treated with transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) (5 ng/ml) and VEGF165 (0.1, 1, 10, 100 ng/ml), or with TGF-beta1 (5 ng/ml) and VEGF receptor-1 neutralized antibody (10 microg/ ml), and were also co-treated with TGF-beta1 (5 ng/ml) and VEGF165 (100 ng/ml) with or without activin receptor-like kinase 6 (Alk6)/Fc Chimera (2 microg/ml, to neutralize endogenous BMP-7) for 48 hours. mRNA and protein expressions of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), E-cadherin, BMP-7, Id2 and Id3 of HK-2 cells were assessed with double-stain immunocytochemistry, real-time PCR and Western blot respectively.
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19642511 Weiss S, Siebzehnrubl FA, Kreutzer J, Blumcke I, Buslei R: Evidence for a progenitor cell population in the human pituitary. . Ann Surg Oncol. 2009 Sep;16(9):2555-64. Epub 2009 Jun 23.


In tissue sections of the anterior lobe nestin immunoreactive cells co-expressing smooth muscle actin (SMA) were identified in the perivascular space, indicating a pericytic differentiation.
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17849463 Tilki D, Kilic N, Sevinc S, Zywietz F, Stief CG, Ergun S: Zone-specific remodeling of tumor blood vessels affects tumor growth. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2010 Feb;42(2):218-26. Epub 2009 Apr 24.


Correspondingly, normal assembly of alpha-smooth-muscle-actin (alpha-SMA)-positive cells into the vessel wall was observed in blood vessels of TSZ, TIZ, and TCZ.
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18003779 Pradere JP, Klein J, Gres S, Guigne C, Neau E, Valet P, Calise D, Chun J, Bascands JL, Saulnier-Blache JS, Schanstra JP: LPA1 receptor activation promotes renal interstitial fibrosis. . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007 Oct;48(10):4679-87.


TIF was significantly attenuated in LPA1 (-/-) mice compared to wild-type littermates, as measured by expression of collagen III, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), and F4/80.
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20164740 Esquenazi S, He J, Li N, Bazan HE: Immunofluoresence of Rabbit Corneas After Collagen Cross-Linking Treatment With Riboflavin and Ultraviolet A. Cornea. 2010 Feb 15.


Immunohistochemistry studies of thin sections of each cornea were performed using terminal deoxynucleotyl transferase-mediated uridine triphosphate biotin nick-end labeling staining, alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), CD-3, myeloperoxidase antibodies, and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) counterstaining.
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20195829 Xie XS, Li FY, Liu HC, Deng Y, Li Z, Fan JM: LSKL, a peptide antagonist of thrombospondin-1, attenuates renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction. Arch Pharm Res. 2010 Feb;33(2):275-84. Epub 2010 Feb 24.


TSP-1, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1), phosphorylated Smad2 (pSsmad2) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) in the kidney were measured using immunocytochemistry, western blotting analysis, RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
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19287196 Yun DH, Song HY, Lee MJ, Kim MR, Kim MY, Lee JS, Kim JH: Thromboxane A (2) modulates migration, proliferation, and differentiation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Mol Med. 2009 Jan 31;41(1):17-24.


Furthermore, U46619 treatment increased expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), a smooth muscle marker, in hADSCs, suggesting differentiation of hADSCs into smooth muscle-like cells.
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19001734 Yang HX, Yi YR: [Curative effect of interferon-alpha on rat liver fibrosis induced by CCl4]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2008 Nov;24(11):1074-8.


Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of Collagen I, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA),and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) in the rat liver.
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19721329 Fan YY, Nishiyama A, Fujisawa Y, Kobori H, Nakano D, Matsuura J, Hase N, Hitomi H, Kiyomoto H, Urata H, Kohno M: Contribution of chymase-dependent angiotensin II formation to the progression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in obstructed kidneys in hamsters. Pathologe. 2008 Nov;29 Suppl 2:363-9.


UUO-induced renal interstitial fibrosis was associated with increases in renal mRNA levels of alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA), type I collagen, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta.
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18087244 Banh A, Deschamps PA, Vijayan MM, Sivak JG, West-Mays JA: The role of Hsp70 and Hsp90 in TGF-beta-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in rat lens epithelial explants. Mol Vis. 2007 Nov 29;13:2248-62.


Immunofluorescence staining for alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), F-actin, and E-cadherin was also used to determine EMT and fibrotic plaque formation in the lens epithelial explants.
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17923018 Xu GP, Li QQ, Cao XX, Chen Q, Zhao ZH, Diao ZQ, Xu ZD: [Effect of Smad7 on transforming growth factor-beta1-induced alveolar epithelial to mesenchymal transition]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2007 Jul 17;87(27):1918-23.


The expression of the markers of the epithelial cells, including E-cadherin and cytokeratin-19 (CK19), and markers of mesenchymal cells, including fibronectin (FN), vimentin, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) were assayed using Western blotting and real-time PCR.
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19285499 Kaur H, Chaurasia SS, Agrawal V, Suto C, Wilson SE: Corneal myofibroblast viability: opposing effects of IL-1 and TGF beta1. Cancer Sci. 2009 Apr;100(4):663-70.


Corneas were processed for immunocytochemistry for myofibroblast marker alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and the TUNEL assay to detect apoptosis.
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19359429 Watanabe A, Sohail MA, Gomes DA, Hashmi A, Nagata J, Sutterwala FS, Mahmood S, Jhandier MN, Shi Y, Flavell RA, Mehal WZ: Inflammasome-mediated regulation of hepatic stellate cells. J Biol Chem. 2010 Mar 19;285(12):9273-81. Epub 2010 Jan 13.


Twenty-four hours later primary mouse HSC were stained with alpha-smooth muscle actin and visualized by confocal microscopy, and TGF-beta and collagen1 mRNA expression was quantified.
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19288266 Grande MT, Arevalo M, Nunez A, Cannata-Andia JB, Santos E, Lopez-Novoa JM: Targeted genomic disruption of H-ras and N-ras has no effect on early renal changes after unilateral ureteral ligation. J Refract Surg. 2008 Jun;24(6):626-32.


Fibronectin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, cleaved caspase-3, ki-67, Ras-GTP, pERK, and pAkt expression was analyzed by western blot and/or immunohistochemistry.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19780873 Fons ME, Bachhuber T, Plaza JA: Cutaneous leiomyosarcoma originating in a symplastic pilar leiomyoma: a rare occurrence and potential diagnostic pitfall. Ann Thorac Surg. 2009 Mar;87(3):794-801.


Immunohistochemical studies were performed and the tumor cells were strongly positive for smooth muscle actin (SMA) and desmin.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19527786 Chang KT, Tsai MJ, Cheng YT, Chen JJ, Hsia RH, Lo YS, Ma YR, Weng CF: Comparative atomic force and scanning electron microscopy: an investigation of structural differentiation of hepatic stellate cells. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2009 May;24(5):1406-16. Epub 2008 Dec 4.


The state of cultured rat HSCs was determined using primarily fluorescence microscopy (UV), immunofluorescence (IF) (Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Desmin, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), F-actin) and immunocytochemistry (ICC) (GFAP, Desmin, alpha-SMA, Fibulin-2).
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20205597 Lin Q, Fang LP, Zhou WW, Liu XM: Rosiglitazone inhibits migration, proliferation, and phenotypic differentiation in cultured human lung fibroblasts. J Struct Biol. 2009 Sep;167(3):200-8. Epub 2009 Jun 13.


RSG slowed cell migration distance induced by fetal bovine serum (FBS), decreased cell proliferation initiated by FBS or platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), and decreased alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) protein expression induced by transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1).
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18990339 Wang XB, Liu P, Tang ZP, Li FH, Liu CH, Hu YY, Xu LM: [Cordyceps mycelia extract decreases portal hypertension in rats with dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver cirrhosis: a study on its histological basis]. Retina. 2008 Mar;28(3 Suppl):S81-6.


The expressions of CD44, von Willebrand factor (vWF), laminin (LM), alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), type I collagen (Col I) and type IV collagen (Col IV) proteins in the hepatic sinusoida l walls were examined by immunohistochemistry.
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19008723 Suzuki T, Akasaka Y, Namiki A, Ito K, Ishikawa Y, Yamazaki J, Ishii T: Basic fibroblast growth factor inhibits ventricular remodeling in Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive rats. Ann Biomed Eng. 2008 Oct;36(10):1744-51. Epub 2008 Aug 6.


To clarify the mechanisms underlying the reduced ventricular remodeling in hypertensive heart diseases caused by bFGF, we examined the degree of interstitial fibrosis associated with alpha-smooth muscle actin expression and matrix metalloproteinase activity in hypertensive heart diseases.
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19224893 Wang Z, Chen C, Finger SN, Kwajah S, Jung M, Schwarz H, Swanson N, Lareu FF, Raghunath M: Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid: a potential epigenetic therapeutic agent for lung fibrosis?. Gut. 2009 Nov;58(11):1517-27. Epub 2009 Feb 6.


Collagen deposition, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 1 activity, tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP) 1 production, apoptosis and cell proliferation were assessed.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19085956 Asahina K, Tsai SY, Li P, Ishii M, Maxson RE Jr, Sucov HM, Tsukamoto H: Mesenchymal origin of hepatic stellate cells, submesothelial cells, and perivascular mesenchymal cells during mouse liver development. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008 Sep;49(9):3955-60. Epub 2008 Apr 17.


Based on the location and immunostaining with conventional and newly disclosed markers, we have identified three distinct populations of fetal liver mesenchymal cells expressing both desmin and p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR): HSCs in the liver parenchyma; perivascular mesenchymal cells expressing alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA); and submesothelial cells associated with the basal lamina beneath mesothelial cells and expressing activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha.
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19032867 Liu P, Chen DF, Wang J, Ai ZL, Fan LL, Wang XM, Yan LL: [The expression and significance of osteopontin in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver fibrosis in rats]. J Orthop Res. 2008 Mar;26(3):374-83.


Conventional histochemical, HE, Masson-trichrome and immunohistochemical staining for alpha-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA) were performed with the liver histological preparations.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19583956 Pot SA, Chandler HL, Colitz CM, Bentley E, Dubielzig RR, Mosley TS, Reid TW, Murphy CJ: Selenium functionalized intraocular lenses inhibit posterior capsule opacification in an ex vivo canine lens capsular bag assay. Chin Med J. 2008 Feb 5;121(3):220-6.


Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and cleaved caspase-3 were examined by immunohistochemistry.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18339868 Dang DT, Chun SY, Burkitt K, Abe M, Chen S, Havre P, Mabjeesh NJ, Heath EI, Vogelzang NJ, Cruz-Correa M, Blayney DW, Ensminger WD, St Croix B, Dang NH, Dang LH: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 target genes as indicators of tumor vessel response to vascular endothelial growth factor inhibition. Stem Cells Dev. 2008 Feb;17(1):11-8.


HCT116 xenografts had low proportions of endothelial tubes covered by pericytes that stained with alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) antibody.
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19781518 Braz MM, Ramalho FS, Cardoso RL, Zucoloto S, Costa RS, Ramalho LN: Slight activation of nuclear factor kappa-B is associated with increased hepatic stellate cell apoptosis in human schistosomal fibrosis. Acta Trop. 2010 Jan;113(1):66-71. Epub 2009 Sep 23.

To investigate the relationship between NF-kappaB activation and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) apoptosis in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis, hepatic biopsies from patients with Schistosoma mansoni-induced periportal fibrosis, hepatitis C virus-induced cirrhosis, and normal liver were submitted to alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and NF-kappaB p65 immunohistochemistry, as well as to NF-kappaB Southwestern histochemistry and TUNEL assay.
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18258839 Stopa EG, Butala P, Salloway S, Johanson CE, Gonzalez L, Tavares R, Hovanesian V, Hulette CM, Vitek MP, Cohen RA: Cerebral cortical arteriolar angiopathy, vascular beta-amyloid, smooth muscle actin, Braak stage, and APOE genotype. Laryngoscope. 2009 Sep;119(9):1723-9.

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19285011 Azuma K, Ichimura K, Mita T, Nakayama S, Jin WL, Hirose T, Fujitani Y, Sumiyoshi K, Shimada K, Daida H, Sakai T, Mitsumata M, Kawamori R, Watada H: Presence of alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive endothelial cells in the luminal surface of adult aorta. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2008 Feb 21:1-8.

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19538942 Wang ZL, Wu XH, Song LF, Wang YS, Hu XH, Luo YF, Chen ZZ, Ke J, Peng XD, He CM, Zhang W, Chen LJ, Wei YQ: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma inhibitor ameliorates concanavalin A-induced hepatic injury in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009 Sep 4;386(4):569-74. Epub 2009 Jun 16.


In ConA-induced chronic liver fibrosis model, accumulation of smooth-muscle actin (SMA)-expressing cells was partially inhibited by AS605240 treatment.
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19619531 Vi L, Feng L, Zhu RD, Wu Y, Satish L, Gan BS, O'Gorman DB: Periostin differentially induces proliferation, contraction and apoptosis of primary Dupuytren's disease and adjacent palmar fascia cells. J Cell Commun Signal. 2009 Mar;3(1):61-4. Epub 2009 Apr 22.


Periostin was found to differentially regulate the apoptosis, proliferation, alpha smooth muscle actin expression and stressed Fibroblast Populated Collagen Lattice contraction of these cell types.
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20349724 Zhou J, Wang F, Lu H, Zhang Y: [Impact of salvianolic acid-B on TGF-beta1-induced HK-2 epithelial-mesenchymal transition]. Arthritis Rheum. 2007 Dec;56(12):4120-31.


Western blot and immunofluorescent microscopy were used to analyze the expression of E-cadherin and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) in HK2.
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20052656 Taura K, Miura K, Iwaisako K, Osterreicher CH, Kodama Y, Penz-Osterreicher M, Brenner DA: Hepatocytes do not undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition in liver fibrosis in mice. Hepatology. 2010 Mar;51(3):1027-36.


Liver sections and isolated cells were evaluated for GFP and beta-gal as well as expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and fibroblast-specific protein 1 (FSP-1).
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19714799 Esquenazi S, Esquenazi I, Grunstein L, He J, Bazan H: Immunohistological evaluation of the healing response at the flap interface in patients with LASIK ectasia requiring penetrating keratoplasty. J Refract Surg. 2009 Aug;25(8):739-46.


All corneas had positive staining for alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA), a myofibroblast marker.
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18767065 Furuzono T, Ueki M, Kitamura H, Oka K, Imai E: Histological reaction of sintered nanohydroxyapatite-coated cuff and its fibroblast-like cell hybrid for an indwelling catheter. Braz J Infect Dis. 2007 Jun;11(3):371-4.


Immunohistochemical staining to identify macrophages and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) was also done and examined by light microscopy.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18515844 Miyake T, Aoki M, Morishita R: Inhibition of anastomotic intimal hyperplasia using a chimeric decoy strategy against NFkappaB and E2F in a rabbit model. Cardiovasc Res. 2008 Sep 1;79(4):706-14. Epub 2008 May 31.


In an in vivo study, treatment with chimeric decoy ODN significantly inhibited proximal and distal anastomotic intimal hyperplasia, and accelerated re-endothelialization. alpha-Smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA)-positive cell proliferation was inhibited at the anastomotic sites.
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18610634 Liu Z, Zhou Y, Wu W: [Effect of antisense oligonucleotides targeting focal adhesion kinase on the proliferation and activation of hepatic stellate cells]. Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi. 2008 Apr;25(2):419-23.


The expression of the marker of HSC activation, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), was assessed by reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19588762 Li Z, Li SR, Liu JY, Dai X, Tao L: [To transdifferentiate human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts induced by connective tissue growth factor mediated transforming growth factor-beta 1 in vitro]. Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi. 2009 Feb;25(1):49-52.


Expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) was measured by Western blotting.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19554635 Kourelis K, Vandoros G, Kourelis T, Papadas T, Goumas P, Sotiropoulou-Bonikou G: Low COX2 in tumor and upregulation in stroma mark laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma progression. Pathol Int. 2009 Mar;59(3):179-84.


METHODS: Double immunohistochemistry of COX-2 and the CAF marker alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) was utilized in 97 laryngeal cancer patients.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19638277 Pedrigi RM, Dziezyc J, Kalodimos HA, Humphrey JD: Ex vivo quantification of the time course of contractile loading of the porcine lens capsule after cataract-like surgery. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007 Dec;18(12):3110-8. Epub 2007 Nov 14.


A significant increase in alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) was also found in post-cultured compared to fresh lens capsules, thus suggesting that transdifferentiated lens epithelial cells (LECs) modulated the contraction.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19193779 Yu MA, Shin KS, Kim JH, Kim YI, Chung SS, Park SH, Kim YL, Kang DH: HGF and BMP-7 ameliorate high glucose-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of peritoneal mesothelium. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009 Mar;20(3):567-81. Epub 2009 Feb 4.


We found that high concentrations of glucose induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HPMC, suggested by decreased expression of E-cadherin and increased expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin, and type I collagen and by increased cell migration.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19462446 Hong JJ, Pan FY, Qian Y, Cheng LC, Zhang HX, Xue B, Li CJ: Overexpression of beta-catenin is responsible for the development of portal hypertension during liver cirrhosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008 Sep 15;178(6):583-91. Epub 2008 Jun 26.


In this study, we examined the expression of beta-catenin in human cirrhotic livers, and administered adenoviruses carrying the beta-catenin or DeltaTCF4 genes to cirrhotic rats to investigate the role of beta-catenin in the development of liver cirrhosis development. beta-catenin expression was associated with liver cirrhosis development in cirrhotic human and rat liver. beta-catenin adenovirus was capable of accelerating cirrhosis progress but this progression was unaffected by administration of DeltaTCF4 adenovirus. beta-catenin was mainly located in the intercellular regions between liver cells and was highly concentrated in the hepatic sinusoid wall, where alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) was also mainly distributed.
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20064200 Mattyasovszky SG, Hofmann A, Brochhausen C, Ritz U, Kuhn S, Wollstadter J, Schulze-Koops H, Muller LP, Watzer B, Rommens PM: The effect of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha on human joint capsule myofibroblasts. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2009;2009:4242-5.


Cell proliferation, gene expression of both alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and collagen type I, the synthesis of prostaglandin derivates E2, F1A, and F2A, as well as the ability to contract the extracellular matrix were assayed in monolayers and in a three-dimensional collagen gel contraction model.
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18996287 Mazlyzam AL, Aminuddin BS, Saim L, Ruszymah BH: Human serum is an advantageous supplement for human dermal fibroblast expansion: clinical implications for tissue engineering of skin. Arthritis Res Ther. 2010 Jan 8;12(1):R4.


Gene expression levels by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerose chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed cultured fibroblasts with HS supplementation maintains expression of collagen type I collagen, increased expression of type III collagen and fibronectin and reduced expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) compared to FBS.
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17633368 Gao HY, He XF, Shao JF: [Effect of kurarinone on renal tubular epithelial cell-mesenchyma trans-differentiation in rats with renal interstitial fibrosis]. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 2007 Jun;27(6):535-9.


The expression of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), Smad3, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and collagen I (Col I) in kidney were determined with immunohistochemistry.
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18274641 Wang W, Liu F, Chen N: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonists attenuate the profibrotic response induced by TGF-beta1 in renal interstitial fibroblasts. Mediators Inflamm. 2007;2007:62641.


METHODS: In rat renal interstitial fibroblasts (NRK/49F), the mRNA expression of TGF-beta1-induced alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), fibronectin (FN) and collagen type III (Col III) were observed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
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19678826 Chaudhry IH, Kazakov DV, Michal M, Mentzel T, Luzar B, Calonje E: Fibro-osseous pseudotumor of the digit: a clinicopathological study of 17 cases. Exp Eye Res. 2008 Nov;87(5):409-14. Epub 2008 Aug 5.


The lesion is composed of fascicles of variably cellular, spindle-shaped cells [calponin (n = 14) and smooth muscle actin (SMA) (n = 11) positivity], with minimal to mild atypia (n = 5), dispersed in a myxoid stroma, focally reminiscent of nodular fasciitis.
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18063891 Jun EJ, Kim HS, Kim YH: Role of HGF/c-Met in serum-starved ARPE-19 cells. Toxicology. 2007 Sep 5;238(2-3):200-10. Epub 2007 Jun 17.


Serum starvation appears to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition of ARPE-19 cells, resulting in scatter, and the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), a marker for fibrosis.
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18601915 Damon BJ, Mezentseva NV, Kumaratilake JS, Forgacs G, Newman SA: Limb bud and flank mesoderm have distinct "physical phenotypes" that may contribute to limb budding. Exp Eye Res. 2009 Aug;89(2):152-8. Epub 2009 Mar 12.


Correspondingly, flank at this stage expressed high levels of alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) mRNA and protein and a dense network of microfilaments.
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18402798 Chen MC, Chang JP, Huang SC, Chang HW, Chen CJ, Yang CH, Liu WH: Dedifferentiation of atrial cardiomyocytes in cardiac valve disease: unrelated to atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Pathol. 2008 May-Jun;17(3):156-65. Epub 2007 Oct 24.


The expression of the alpha-smooth muscle actin isoform is considered characteristic of cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation (embryonic cardiomyocyte), and cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation may indicate an adaptive state, enabling cardiomyocytes to survive despite unfavorable circumstances.
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19082432 Fang KY, Shi MJ, Xiao Y, Gui HZ, Guo B, Zhang GZ: [p38 MAPK mediates high glucose-induced renal tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition.]. Nephron Exp Nephrol. 2010;114(3):e117-25. Epub 2009 Dec 16.


The expressions of p38 MAPK, p-p38 MAPK, Snail1, transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and E-cadherin protein and mRNA were detected by immunocytochemical staining, Western blot and RT-PCR.
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20163211 Cheng MT, Liu CL, Chen TH, Lee OK: Comparison of Potentials between Stem Cells Isolated from Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Bone Marrow for Ligament Tissue Engineering. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi. 2009 Jul;38(7):466-71.


TGF-beta1 treatment significantly increased the expression of type I collagen, type III collagen, fibronectin, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) in LSCs, but TGF-beta1 only up-regulated type I collagen and tenascin-c on BMSCs.
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18328066 Maeda K, Koda M, Matono T, Sugihara T, Yamamoto S, Ueki M, Murawaki Y, Yamashita N, Nishiyama S: Preventive effects of ME3738 on hepatic fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation in rats. Histochem Cell Biol. 2009 Mar;131(3):313-25. Epub 2008 Dec 4.


Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were assessed by alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) immunostaining.
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20340130 Vered M, Dayan D, Yahalom R, Dobriyan A, Barshack I, Bello IO, Kantola S, Salo T: Cancer-associated fibroblasts and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in metastatic oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Exp Lung Res. 2010 Mar;36(2):120-8.


Alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) was studied to identify CAFs.
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18508359 Carotti S, Morini S, Corradini SG, Burza MA, Molinaro A, Carpino G, Merli M, De Santis A, Muda AO, Rossi M, Attili AF, Gaudio E: Glial fibrillary acidic protein as an early marker of hepatic stellate cell activation in chronic and posttransplant recurrent hepatitis C. Am J Surg Pathol. 2009 Jan;33(1):91-8.


Activated alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA)-positive hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are pericytes responsible for fibrosis in chronic liver injury.
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20353040 Yuan JL, Zhang Y, Jiang ZH: [Effects of fuzheng huayu recipe in antagonizing rat's renal interstitial fibrosis]. Pathol Int. 2009 Sep;59(9):650-5.


Serum creatinine (Cr) and urea nitrogen (BUN) content were tested with corresponding test kits; hydroxyproline (Hyp) content in kidney was assayed with hydrochloric acid hydrolysis; renal histologic change was observed with HE, Masson and methenamine silver (PASM) staining; and collagen type I (Col I), as well as protein expressions of fibronectin (FN) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) was determined with Western blot.
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19822164 Tsai MK, Lin YL, Huang YT: Effects of salvianolic acids on oxidative stress and hepatic fibrosis in rats. J Recept Signal Transduct Res. 2009;29(2):119-25.


The inhibitory effects of Sal A and B on intracellular hydrogen peroxide levels were measured with dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) dye assay. alpha-Smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunits were measured by Western blotting.
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19544463 Andersen DC, Andersen P, Schneider M, Jensen HB, Sheikh SP: Murine "cardiospheres" are not a source of stem cells with cardiomyogenic potential. Hepatology. 2009 Mar;49(3):998-1011.


Additionally, using in vitro culture, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and immunofluorescence, we demonstrate that these CSs are generated by cellular aggregation of GATA-4 (+)/collagen I (+)/alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA)(+)/CD45 (-) cells rather than by clonal cell growth.
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19788615 Okayasu I, Yoshida T, Mikami T, Hana K, Yokozawa M, Araki K, Mitsuhashi J, Kikuchi M, Adachi E, Sada M: Mucosal remodeling in long-standing ulcerative colitis with colorectal neoplasia: significant alterations of NCAM+ or alpha-SMA+ subepithelial myofibroblasts and interstitial cells. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi. 2008 Nov;16(11):831-4.


Heterogeneous phenotypes of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM)+ and/or alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA)+ subepithelial myofibroblasts and interstitial cells were demonstrated, corresponding to colonic stellate cells.
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18029545 Munoz-Luque J, Ros J, Fernandez-Varo G, Tugues S, Morales-Ruiz M, Alvarez CE, Friedman SL, Arroyo V, Jimenez W: Regression of fibrosis after chronic stimulation of cannabinoid CB2 receptor in cirrhotic rats. J Vasc Surg. 2008 Apr;47(4):852-860. Epub 2008 Feb 14.


At the end of treatment, mean arterial pressure and portal pressure were measured, and liver samples were obtained to evaluate infiltrate of mononuclear cells, hepatic apoptosis, alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) expression, collagen content, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 abundance in all animals.
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18163477 Szabo A, Czirjak L, Sandor Z, Helyes Z, Laszlo T, Elekes K, Czompoly T, Starr A, Brain S, Szolcsanyi J, Pinter E: Investigation of sensory neurogenic components in a bleomycin-induced scleroderma model using transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 receptor- and calcitonin gene-related peptide-knockout mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2010 Mar;298(3):R584-98. Epub 2009 Dec 9.


Dermal thickness and the number of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA)-positive cells were also determined.
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17920032 Henneman S, Bildt MM, Degroot J, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM, Von den Hoff JW: Relaxin stimulates MMP-2 and alpha-smooth muscle actin expression by human periodontal ligament cells. Arch Oral Biol. 2008 Feb;53(2):161-7. Epub 2007 Oct 24.

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19843143 Delgallo WD, Rodrigues JR, Bueno SP, Viero RM, Soares CT: Cell blocks allow reliable evaluation of expression of basal (CK5/6) and luminal (CK8/18) cytokeratins and smooth muscle actin (SMA) in breast carcinoma. Cytopathology. 2009 Oct 15.

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19287310 Hulette CM, Ervin JF, Edmonds Y, Antoine S, Stewart N, Szymanski MH, Hayden KM, Pieper CF, Burke JR, Welsh-Bohmer KA: Cerebrovascular smooth muscle actin is increased in nondemented subjects with frequent senile plaques at autopsy: implications for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. Eur Respir J. 2009 Jul;34(1):145-55.

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18655827 Kim YM, Jeon ES, Kim MR, Lee JS, Kim JH: Bradykinin-induced expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin in human mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Signal. 2008 Oct;20(10):1882-9. Epub 2008 Jul 4.

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17888071 Toblli JE, Cao G, Casabe AR, Bechara AJ: Effects of ACE inhibition and beta-blockade on female genital structures in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2010 Jan;35(1):89-93.


Clitorises were processed for immunohistochemistry using anti-alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), anti-collagen I and III, anti-transforming growth factor beta (1) (TGFbeta (1)), and anti-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) antibodies.
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18575454 Yang P, Yin S, Cui L, Li H, Wu Y, Liu W, Cao Y: [Experiment of adipose derived stem cells induced into smooth muscle cells]. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2008 Apr;22(4):481-6.


The results of immunofluorescence indicated that the induced cells expressed smoothmuscle (SM) cell-specific markers including a-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), SM-myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC) and Calponin.
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17926857 Chen ZP, Shen WM, Ding ZL: [Inhibiting effects of tetrandrine on capsular contraculture in rabbits] . Zhonghua Zheng Xing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2007 Jul;23(4):318-21.


In addition, The expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA) were examined by immunohistochemistry.
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19729486 Li J, Qu X, Bertram JF: Endothelial-myofibroblast transition contributes to the early development of diabetic renal interstitial fibrosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Am J Pathol. 2009 Oct;175(4):1380-8. Epub 2009 Sep 3.


The endothelial-myofibroblast transition was also studied in MMECs (a mouse pancreatic microvascular endothelial cell line) and primary cultures of CD31+/EYFP- (enhanced yellow fluorescent protein) endothelial cells isolated from adult normal alpha-smooth muscle actin promoter-driven-EYFP (alpha-SMA/EYFP) mouse kidneys.
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19398873 Kawasaki Y, Suyama K, Go H, Imamura T, Ushijima Y, Sakai N, Hashimoto K, Hosoya M: Accumulation of macrophages expressing myeloid-related protein 8 associated with the progression of sclerotic changes in children with IgA nephropathy. J Neurosurg. 2009 Nov 20.


In Favorable group, the glomerular accumulation of macrophages expressing MRP8, and mesangial cells expressing alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) were lower in the second biopsy specimens than those of the first biopsy specimens.
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20064505 Cheng R, Cheng L, Shao MY, Yang H, Wang FM, Hu T, Zhou XD: Roles of lysophosphatidic acid and the Rho-associated kinase pathway in the migration of dental pulp cells. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2009 Apr;89(1):77-85.


The objective of this study was to determine the roles of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and the Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) pathway in the migration and morphology of dental pulp cells and alpha smooth muscle actin expression in vitro.
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20047646 Reese S, Vidyasagar A, Jacobson L, Acun Z, Esnault S, Hullett D, Malter JS, Djamali A: The Pin 1 inhibitor juglone attenuates kidney fibrogenesis via Pin 1-independent mechanisms in the unilateral ureteral occlusion model. Clin Neuropathol. 2009 Jul-Aug;28(4):309-18.


RESULTS: After 2 weeks of UUO, immunoblot analyses demonstrated that juglone (0.25 and 1 mg/kg/24 h) inhibited the deposition of matrix (alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA), collagen type III and vimentin) and the activation of signaling pathways involved in fibrogenesis (phospho-smad2) and stress response (phospho-heat shock protein (HSP) 27).
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17611778 Bai X, Wu L, Liang T, Liu Z, Li J, Li D, Xie H, Yin S, Yu J, Lin Q, Zheng S: Overexpression of myocyte enhancer factor 2 and histone hyperacetylation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer. 2007 Nov 15;110(10):2347-62.


Activated HSCs were identified using anti-a-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA) by Immunohistochemistry (IHC).
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18386578 Deng YH, Yu J, Lin QZ, et al: [Effects of erigeron injection on renal interstitial fibrosis in rats] . Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair. 2010 Jan 4;3:1.


The expression of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and collagen I in the renal mesenchyma were examined by immunohistochemistry.
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18294308 Nolazco G, Kovanecz I, Vernet D, Gelfand RA, Tsao J, Ferrini MG, Magee T, Rajfer J, Gonzalez-Cadavid NF: Effect of muscle-derived stem cells on the restoration of corpora cavernosa smooth muscle and erectile function in the aged rat. Stroke. 2008 Mar;39(3):814-21. Epub 2008 Feb 7.


MATERIALS AND METHODS: MDSCs were obtained from mouse muscle, and shown by immunocytochemistry for alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha SMA) to originate in vitro in myofibroblasts and SMCs, discriminating SMCs by calponin 1 expression.
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18989869 Aguilar RP, Genta S, Oliveros L, Anzulovich A, Gimenez MS, Sanchez SS: Vitamin A deficiency injures liver parenchyma and alters the expression of hepatic extracellular matrix. J Appl Toxicol. 2009 Apr;29(3):214-22.


Elongated myofibroblastic-like cells with an irregular cytoplasmic process and without lipid droplets could be seen at the perisinusoidal space, where an elevated intensity of alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) was observed.
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19329552 Schuliga MJ, See I, Ong SC, Soon L, Camoretti-Mercado B, Harris T, Stewart AG: Fibrillar collagen clamps lung mesenchymal cells in a nonproliferative and noncontractile phenotype. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2008 Oct;33(10):919-25.


DNA profiles indicated that fCollagen is antiproliferative, rather than proapoptotic. fCollagen suppressed basic fibroblast growth factor-stimulated increases in the levels of cyclin E and CDK2 mRNA. fCollagen also suppressed transforming growth factor-beta (100 pM)-stimulated increases in the mRNA and protein levels of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), a marker of the myofibroblast phenotype.
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19391217 Marsh WL, Colonna J, Yearsley M, Bloomston M, Frankel WL: Calponin is expressed in serous cystadenomas of the pancreas but not in adenocarcinomas or endocrine tumors. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2009 May;17(3):216-9.


Subsequently, some were stained with MUC6, melan-A, D2-40, h-caldesmon, smooth muscle actin, and smooth muscle myosin.
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19411308 Nasreen N, Mohammed KA, Mubarak KK, Baz MA, Akindipe OA, Fernandez-Bussy S, Antony VB: Pleural mesothelial cell transformation into myofibroblasts and haptotactic migration in response to TGF-beta1 in vitro. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2009 Jul;297(1):L115-24. Epub 2009 May 1.


The EMT of PMC was marked by upregulation of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), fibroblast specific protein-1 (FSP-1), and collagen type I expression.
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19506795 Tanaka N, Kono H, Ishii K, Hosomura N, Fujii H: Dietary olive oil prevents carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice. J Gastroenterol. 2009;44(9):983-90. Epub 2009 Jun 9.


The expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) was assessed by immunohistochemistry.
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19323940 Zhao HF, Chen J, Xu ZS, Zhang KQ: Distribution and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in tumor tissue. Eur Respir J. 2010 Mar 31.


The double labeling immunofluorescence for alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and vimentin was performed to identify whether the MSCs can differentiate into myofibroblast.
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20013848 Kumai Y, Kobler JB, Park H, Galindo M, Herrera VL, Zeitels SM: Modulation of vocal fold scar fibroblasts by adipose-derived stem/stromal cells. Laryngoscope. 2010 Feb;120(2):330-7.


We measured: 1) the production of hyaluronic acid (HA), collagen and HGF via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, 2) the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), 3) cell proliferation, and 4) apoptosis of SFs (2, 3, and 4 via flow cytometry).
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19648289 Felton VM, Borok Z, Willis BC: N-acetylcysteine inhibits alveolar epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2009 Jun;296(6):G1248-57. Epub 2009 Apr 9.


RLE-6TN cells exposed to TGF-beta1 for 5 days underwent EMT as evidenced by acquisition of a fibroblast-like morphology, downregulation of the epithelial-specific protein zonula occludens-1, and induction of the mesenchymal-specific proteins alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and vimentin.
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19703128 Hao LS, Zhang XL, An JY, Karlin J, Tian XP, Dun ZN, Xie SR, Chen S: PTEN expression is down-regulated in liver tissues of rats with hepatic fibrosis induced by biliary stenosis. APMIS. 2009 Sep;117(9):681-91.


Further, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), an activated HSC marker in rat liver tissues, was detected by immunohistochemical staining.
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20058207 Cai X, Lin Y, Friedrich CC, Neville C, Pomerantseva I, Sundback CA, Zhang Z, Vacanti JP, Hauschka PV, Grottkau BE: Bone marrow derived pluripotent cells are pericytes which contribute to vascularization. Stem Cell Rev. 2009 Dec;5(4):437-45.


Smooth muscle actin alpha (alpha-SMA) is one marker [corrected] of pericytes.
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19588204 Matsusue R, Kubo H, Hisamori S, Okoshi K, Takagi H, Hida K, Nakano K, Itami A, Kawada K, Nagayama S, Sakai Y: Hepatic stellate cells promote liver metastasis of colon cancer cells by the action of SDF-1/CXCR4 axis. World J Urol. 2009 Mar 15.


Furthermore, we found that alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA)-positive myofibroblasts derived from HSCs, surrounding the liver metastasis foci, secreted SDF-1.
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19816049 Xu Y, Wan J, Jiang D, Wu X: BMP-7 blocks the cyclosporine-A-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in renal tubular epithelial cells. Sheng Li Xue Bao. 2008 Dec 25;60(6):759-66.


The expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), E-cadherin, collagen type I and CTGF was analyzed by immunofluorescence, RT-PCR, and Western blot.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19044233 de Medeiros FW, Mohan RR, Suto C, Sinha S, Bonilha VL, Chaurasia SS, Wilson SE: Haze development after photorefractive keratectomy: mechanical vs ethanol epithelial removal in rabbits. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2009 Oct-Dec;52(4):549-51.


Myofibroblast generation was detected with immunocytochemistry for alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and cells were quantitatively analyzed.
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17641298 Kono Y, Nishiuma T, Nishimura Y, Kotani Y, Okada T, Nakamura S, Yokoyama M: Sphingosine kinase 1 regulates differentiation of human and mouse lung fibroblasts mediated by TGF-beta1. Lab Invest. 2009 Jan;89(1):47-58. Epub 2008 Nov 10.


Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) contributes to the progression of pulmonary fibrosis through up-regulation of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) as lung myofibroblast differentiation.
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19824469 Nowak D, Popow-Wozniak A, Raznikiewicz L, Malicka-Blaszkiewicz M: [Actin in the wound healing process] . Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2010 Mar 23;74(3):477-83. Epub 2010 Mar 7.


Alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), one of six actin isoforms, is a marker of compeletely differentiated myofibroblast.
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18085624 Dickie R, Wang YT, Butler JP, Schulz H, Tsuda A: Distribution and quantity of contractile tissue in postnatal development of rat alveolar interstitium. Int J Cancer. 2010 Mar 25.


Alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) -expressing cells are important participants in lung remodeling, during both normal postnatal ontogeny and after injury.
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19035169 Jiang W, Song L, Shao JG, Wang LJ, Lu JR, Liu HO: [The role of hepatic stellate cells SSeCKS expression in liver fibrosis] . Hepatology. 2007 Dec;46(6):1919-26.


The expression and location of SSeCKS and alpha-SMA (alpha-smooth muscle actin) in liver tissues were detected by immunofluorescence methods.
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19252942 Zhang M, Zhang Z, Pan HY, Wang DX, Deng ZT, Ye XL: TGF-beta1 induces human bronchial epithelial cell-to-mesenchymal transition in vitro. J Hypertens. 2008 Dec;26(12):2436-44.


The expression of alpha-SMA (alpha-smooth muscle actin) and the epithelial cell marker E-cadherin were detected in those 16HBE-14o cells after TGF-beta1 stimulation for 72 h, using immunostaining and RT-PCR.
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18610632 Liu X, Wu W, Chen H: [Effects of CTGF gene silencing on the proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation of human lung fibroblasts]. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2010 Jan 15;242(2):155-64. Epub 2009 Oct 12.


Compared with control cells, the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), the marker of myofibroblast differentiation, was decreased in CTGF-siRNA/MRC-5 cells.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19365025 Takeuchi K, Nakazawa M, Yamazaki H, Miyagawa Y, Ito T, Ishikawa F, Metoki T: Solid hyaluronic acid film and the prevention of postoperative fibrous scar formation in experimental animal eyes. Stem Cells. 2009 Jul;27(7):1571-81.


Expression of proliferative cell nuclear antigen and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) were histologically and immunohistochemically examined.
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19420758 Yao G, Xu L, Wu X, Xu L, Yang J, Chen H: Preventive effects of salvianolic acid B on transforming growth factor-beta1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of human kidney cells. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2009 Dec;22(6):487-91. Epub 2009 Apr 22.


It was partially through modulating alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) increase and E-cadherin reduction.
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18687328 Swaney JS, Moreno KM, Gentile AM, Sabbadini RA, Stoller GL: Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a novel fibrotic mediator in the eye. . Arch Ophthalmol. 2009 Apr;127(4):460-4.


S1P induced myofibroblast transformation of RPE cells, as indicated by increased alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression and its incorporation into prominent stress fibers, and promoted collagen type I production.
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19208517 Guo GH, Tan DM, Zhu PA, Liu F: Hepatitis B virus X protein promotes proliferation and upregulates TGF-beta1 and CTGF in human hepatic stellate cell line, LX-2. Exp Mol Med. 2010 Feb 22.


Alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), transforming growth factor-beta receptor II (TGF-betaRII), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in LX-2 cells were analyzed by Western blotting.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19012043 Kim MY, Baik SK, Park DH, Jang YO, Suk KT, Yea CJ, Lee IY, Kim JW, Kim HS, Kwon SO, Cho MY, Ko SB, Chang SJ, Um SH, Han KH: Angiotensin receptor blockers are superior to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in the suppression of hepatic fibrosis in a bile duct-ligated rat model. Exp Eye Res. 2009 Nov;89(5):728-34. Epub 2009 Jul 5.


Four weeks post-BDL, hepatic fibrosis was analyzed histomorphologically using Batts and Ludwig scores. alpha-Smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression by immunohistochemical staining, hydroxyproline contents of liver tissue by spectrophotometry, and angiotensin receptor, collagen, procollagen, and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) expressions were evaluated by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.
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19116914 Shi-wen X, Parapuram SK, Pala D, Chen Y, Carter DE, Eastwood M, Denton CP, Abraham DJ, Leask A: Requirement of transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 for transforming growth factor beta-induced alpha-smooth muscle actin expression and extracellular matrix contraction in fibroblasts. J Cell Commun Signal. 2009 Nov 15.

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19408727 Wang L, Tai NZ, Fan ZH: [Effect of botulinum toxin type A on the expression of substance P, calcitionin gene-related peptide, transforming growth factor beta-1 and alpha smooth muscle actin A in wound healing in rats]. Zhonghua Zheng Xing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2009 Jan;25(1):50-3.

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18763191 Jiang D, Jiang Z, Li Z, Zhang Y: Suppression of the production of extracellular matrix and alpha-smooth muscle actin induced by transforming growth factor-beta1 in fibroblasts of the flexor tendon sheath by hepatocyte growth factor. J Cell Biol. 2010 Feb 8;188(3):383-99. Epub 2010 Feb 1.

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19150605 Bello IO, Alanen K, Slootweg PJ, Salo T: Alpha-smooth muscle actin within epithelial islands is predictive of ameloblastic carcinoma. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 2008 Jul;28(7):617-22.

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20155461 Shou Z, Shen L, Xiong P: Assessing the validity of a novel model of vertebral artery type of cervical syndrome induced by injecting sclerosing agent next to transverse process of cervical vertebra. Exp Cell Res. 2009 Dec 10;315(20):3574-86. Epub 2009 Jul 18.


Transcranial Doppler (TCD) was used to detect the average speed of blood (Vm), pulsatility index (Pi) and the resistant index (Ri) of the vertebral artery, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the morphological changes, and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19916059 Liu S, Taghavi R, Leask A: Connective tissue growth factor is induced in bleomycin-induced skin scleroderma. J Sex Med. 2007 Nov;4(6):1593-603. Epub 2007 Sep 21.


Control (PBS injected) and fibrotic (bleomycin-injected) dermis was examined for CCN2, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) (to detect myofibroblasts), and NG2 (to detect pericytes) expression.
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19470381 Wu M, Han M, Li J, Xu X, Li T, Que L, Ha T, Li C, Chen Q, Li Y: 17beta-estradiol inhibits angiotensin II-induced cardiac myofibroblast differentiation. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2009 May;218(1):49-55.


Pretreatment of cardiac fibroblasts with 17beta-estradiol significantly inhibited angiotensin II-induced cardiac fibroblast proliferation and differentiation (indicated by a reduction in alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression) by 25% and 20%.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19514555 Chen RB, Liu JH, Rao K, Pan YG, Wang T, Wang SG, Ye ZQ: [Differentiation of rat adipose-derived stem cells into smooth-muscle-like cells in vitro]. Exp Cell Res. 2010 Apr 1;316(6):1019-27. Epub 2010 Jan 11.


The fourth passage ADSCs were induced to differentiate into adipocytes with adipogenic inducing fluid and determined by Oil Red O staining, into osteoblasts with osteogenic inducing fluid and determined by Von Kossa staining, as well as into smooth-muscle-like cells with inducing fluid containing beta-mercaptoethanol, and the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) was detected by the immunohistochemical method.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18070556 Chen XW, Xu J: [The pathologic significance and ionic mechanism of injured airway epithelium induced transdifferentiation of airway fibroblasts]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2007 Sep;30(9):691-6.


The expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) in the SEF was assessed by immunofluorescence or Western blotting.
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19473465 Becher EF, Toblli JE, Castronuovo C, Nolazco C, Rosenfeld C, Grosman H, Vazquez E, Mazza ON: Expression of caveolin-1 in penile cavernosal tissue in a denervated animal model after treatment with sildenafil citrate. J Sex Med. 2009 Jun;6(6):1587-93. Epub 2009 Mar 30.


Cavernous tissue was delineated by the tunica albuginea, then the extent of immunostaining for the following parameters was quantitated to determine (i) cavernous smooth muscle layer in the cavernous space expressed as the percentage of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) positive immunostaining per area and (ii) caveolin-1 expressed as a percentage of area.
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17803855 Chen XH, Zhong NS, Zhang WD, Cao ZZ, He MZ, Luo Q, Ren XL, Li SY, L L: [Budesonide attenuates airway remodeling and modules the expression of Janus protein tyrosine kinase 1, and signal transducers and activators of transcription 6 in asthma: an experiment with mice]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2007 Jun 19;87(23):1627-32.


Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA), JAK1, and STAT6.
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19110482 Odaka C: Localization of mesenchymal cells in adult mouse thymus: their abnormal distribution in mice with disorganization of thymic medullary epithelium. J Histochem Cytochem. 2009 Apr;57(4):373-82. Epub 2008 Dec 24.


We examined the expression of mesenchymal markers: pan-mesenchymal marker ER-TR7, desmin, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), and alpha- and beta-chain of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFRalpha, PDGFRbeta) in thymi of normal adult mice.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19134051 Vanheule E, Geerts AM, Van Huysse J, Schelfhout D, Praet M, Van Vlierberghe H, De Vos M, Colle I: An intravital microscopic study of the hepatic microcirculation in cirrhotic mice models: relationship between fibrosis and angiogenesis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2009 Dec;41(6):731-41. Epub 2009 Mar 27.


Thereafter, liver samples were taken for sirius red, CD31, Ki67, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) evaluation by immunohistochemistry (IHC).
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19166018 Wu GL, Chen J, Yu GY, Li JP, Lu WW: [Effect of puerarin on levels of TGF-beta1 and alpha-SMA in rats with alcoholic injury liver]. Int J Exp Pathol. 2008 Dec;89(6):419-32.


OBJECTIVE: To investigate the regulatory effects of puerarin on the levels of transforming growth beta1 (TGF-beta1) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) in rats with alcoholic injury liver, and to probe into the prevention and cure mechanism of puerarin on alcoholic liver injury.
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18263709 Pho M, Lee W, Watt DR, Laschinger C, Simmons CA, McCulloch CA: Cofilin is a marker of myofibroblast differentiation in cells from porcine aortic cardiac valves. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2008 Apr;294(4):H1767-78. Epub 2008 Feb 8.


In normal valves, cells immunostained for alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA, a myofibroblast marker) were rare (0.69 +/- 0.48%), but in sclerotic valves of animals fed an atherogenic diet, myofibroblasts were spatially clustered and abundant (31.2 +/- 6.3%).
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19053028 Lu Y, Liu C, Miao X, Xu K, Wu X, Liu C: Increased expression of myo-inositol oxygenase is involved in the tubulointerstitial injury of diabetic nephropathy. Dig Dis Sci. 2008 May;53(5):1364-9. Epub 2007 Oct 13.


In addition, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and fibronectin levels were increased and E-cadherin levels decreased in the same diabetic kidneys.
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19054657 Ciba P, Sturmheit TM, Petschnik AE, Kruse C, Danner S: In vitro cultures of human pancreatic stem cells: gene and protein expression of designated markers varies with passage. J Pharmacol Sci. 2009 Sep;111(1):82-90. Epub 2009 Aug 29.


In particular, the course of spontaneous mRNA and protein expression of the genes for alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), neurofilaments (NF), cytokeratin 18 (CK18) and nestin was examined during 11 passages by means of RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry.
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18390195 Xue H, Chen L, Fan JM, Li Z: [Role of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in renal tubular epithelial-myofibroblast transdifferentiation]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2008 Jan;39(1):34-8.


The expression levels of MMP-9, TIMP-1, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and fibronectin (FN) were examined by immunohistochemistry staining at each time point.
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18596079 Vidyasagar A, Reese S, Acun Z, Hullett D, Djamali A: HSP27 is involved in the pathogenesis of kidney tubulointerstitial fibrosis. J Cutan Pathol. 2009 Aug 11.


Immunoblot analyses showed that UUO resulted in significant upregulation of TGF-beta1, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), total and phosphorylated HSP27, and phosphorylated p38MAPK.
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18637577 Chu DY, Li CL, Yang F, Wu Q, Li J, Ding XD, Luo QL, Shen JL: [Effect of paeoniflorin on hepatic immunopathogenesis in mice with Schistosoma japonicum infection]. Mol Pharm. 2009 May-Jun;6(3):772-9.


Serum hyaluronic acid (HA) was detected by radioimmunoassay; area of egg granuloma and degree of hepatic fibrosis were observed via HE and Masson stainings; the expression of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA and collagen I (Col I) protein were measured by immunohistochemical method.
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19557718 Xu Y, Wan J, Jiang D, Wu X: BMP-7 counteracts TGF-beta1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. Tissue Eng Part A. 2010 Feb 17.


The expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), E-cadherin, fibronectin, collagen I and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) was analyzed by immunofluorescence, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting.
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18172101 Schlunck G, Han H, Wecker T, Kampik D, Meyer-ter-Vehn T, Grehn F: Substrate rigidity modulates cell matrix interactions and protein expression in human trabecular meshwork cells. Hepatol Res. 2008 Jul;38(7):727-35. Epub 2008 Mar 4.


Expression of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), tubulin, alpha-B-crystallin and GAPDH, as well as phosphorylation of FAK and serum-induced activation of ERK, were studied by Western blot.
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19934446 Kurata K, Maruyama S, Kato S, Sato W, Yamamoto J, Ozaki T, Nitta A, Nabeshima T, Morita Y, Mizuno M, Ito Y, Yuzawa Y, Matsuo S: Tissue-type plasminogen activator deficiency attenuates peritoneal fibrosis in mice. Liver Transpl. 2008 Jun;14(6):806-14.


The levels of macrophage infiltration, staining for alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and collagen type III, and vascular density were all significantly lower in tPA -/- mice than in tPA +/+ mice.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19421408 Chamberlain CG, Mansfield KJ, Cerra A: Glutathione and catalase suppress TGFbeta-induced cataract-related changes in cultured rat lenses and lens epithelial explants. Lung. 2009 May-Jun;187(3):187-94. Epub 2009 Feb 28.


Explants were assessed by phase contrast microscopy, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alphaSMA), and/or immunolocalization of alphaSMA and Pax6, markers for transdifferentiation and normal lens epithelial phenotype, respectively.
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18673438 Kamiyoshi A, Sakurai T, Ichikawa-Shindo Y, Iinuma N, Kawate H, Yoshizawa T, Koyama T, Muto S, Shindo T: Endogenous alpha-calcitonin gene-related peptide mitigates liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis induced by repeated administration of concanavalin A. Retina. 2008 Apr;28(4):628-37.


The severity of fibrosis and the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were analysed by Masson trichrome staining and immunohistochemical staining of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) respectively.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18776162 Chang SC, Inui K, Lee WC, Hsuan SL, Chien MS, Chen CH, Chang SJ, Liao JW: Spontaneous rhabdomyosarcoma in a young Sprague-Dawley rat. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010 Jan;21(1):93-102. Epub 2009 Nov 19.


Immunohistochemical staining also expressed intense granular cytoplasmic staining for desmin and myoglobin, with highly positive staining for PCNA, whereas alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) was negative.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19292056 Zuo C, Qiu HY, Xie XS, Deng Y, Fan JM: [Effect of Astragalus mongholicus on expression of hepatocyte growth factor in SD rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction]. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2010 Feb;14(1):8-14. Epub 2009 Dec 8.


The protein expression of HGF and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) was measured by immunohistochemistry.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18052725 Wang J, Jiao H, Stewart TL, Shankowsky HA, Scott PG, Tredget EE: Improvement in postburn hypertrophic scar after treatment with IFN-alpha2b is associated with decreased fibrocytes. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2009 Feb;8(1):59-64.


In addition, IFN-alpha2b inhibits proliferation of fibrocytes and T lymphocytes and reduces transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-mediated alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression in fibrocytes.
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20143336 Lee TF, Mak KM, Rackovsky O, Lin YL, Kwong AJ, Loke JC, Friedman SL: Downregulation of hepatic stellate cell activation by retinol and palmitate mediated by adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP). Cryobiology. 2007 Aug;55(1):52-9. Epub 2007 Jun 2.


Two prominent features of HSC activation in liver fibrosis are loss of lipid droplets along with increase of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), but the link between these responses and HSC activation remains elusive.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17707916 Boero S, Sabatini F, Silvestri M, Petecchia L, Nachira A, Pezzolo A, Scarso L, Rossi GA: Modulation of human lung fibroblast functions by ciclesonide: evidence for its conversion into the active metabolite desisobutyryl-ciclesonide. J Cell Physiol. 2010 Feb 8;223(3):648-657.


METHODS: Ciclesonide (0.09-9.0 microM) was added to a human adult lung fibroblast cell line (CCL-202), seeded in medium in the presence of the following cytokines and growth factors: (a) basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) for cell proliferation, measured by tritiated thymidine ([3H] TdR) incorporation; (b) tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, to stimulate intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 expression and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and eotaxin release, evaluated by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively; (c) transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, for induction of alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) protein expression and modification of the organization of alpha-SMA stress fibres, evaluated by Western blot analysis and fluorescence microscopy.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18039893 Mekonnen GA, Ijzer J, Nederbragt H: Tenascin-C in chronic canine hepatitis: immunohistochemical localization and correlation with necro-inflammatory activity, fibrotic stage, and expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin, cytokeratin 7, and CD3+ cells. Vet Pathol. 2007 Nov;44(6):803-13.

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19383239 Li Q, Huang W, Zhou X: Expression of CD34, alpha-smooth muscle actin and transforming growth factor-beta1 in squamous intraepithelial lesions and squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. J Int Med Res. 2009 Mar-Apr;37(2):446-54.

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19596799 Chan MW, Arora PD, Bozavikov P, McCulloch CA: FAK, PIP5KIgamma and gelsolin cooperatively mediate force-induced expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2008 Feb 5;88(6):400-5.

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18426574 Pattari SK, Dey P, Gupta SK, Joshi K: Myoepithelial cells: any role in aspiration cytology smears of breast tumors?. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. 2010 Feb;30(1):85-8. Epub 2010 Feb 14.


The ME cells were also quantitated on histopathology sections on smooth muscle actin (SMA) immunostained sections.
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19041155 Prunotto M, Bosco M, Daniele L, Macri' L, Bonello L, Schirosi L, Rossi G, Filosso P, Mussa B, Sapino A: Imatinib inhibits in vitro proliferation of cells derived from a pleural solitary fibrous tumor expressing platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta. Lung Cancer. 2009 May;64(2):244-6. Epub 2008 Nov 28.


Western blotting for PDGFR-beta, phospho-PDGFR-beta or smooth muscle actin (SMA) was performed before and after 96 h of treatment with imatinib.
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20187442 Jiao H, Fan J, Liu L, Kang N, Tian J, Gan C, Feng S, Yan L, Gu C: [Experimental study on culturing dermal papillae cells with keratinocyte medium]. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2010 Feb;24(2):138-42.


Meanwhile, the expression of a-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and ALP were detected by immunofluorescence and specific staining in two groups.
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20123992 Masszi A, Speight P, Charbonney E, Lodyga M, Nakano H, Szaszi K, Kapus A: Fate-determining mechanisms in epithelial-myofibroblast transition: major inhibitory role for Smad3. Eur J Pharmacol. 2009 Aug 15;616(1-3):155-9. Epub 2009 May 24.


Epithelial-myofibroblast (MF) transition (EMyT) is a critical process in organ fibrosis, leading to alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) expression in the epithelium.
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19800207 Meller R, Schiborra F, Brandes G, Knobloch K, Tschernig T, Hankemeier S, Haasper C, Schmiedl A, Jagodzinski M, Krettek C, Willbold E: Postnatal maturation of tendon, cruciate ligament, meniscus and articular cartilage: a histological study in sheep. Ann Anat. 2009 Dec;191(6):575-85. Epub 2009 Sep 4.


Also, staining of alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) steadily decreased.
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20162672 Prakobwong S, Yongvanit P, Hiraku Y, Pairojkul C, Sithithaworn P, Pinlaor P, Pinlaor S: Involvement of MMP-9 in peribiliary fibrosis and cholangiocarcinogenesis via Rac1 dependent DNA damage in a hamster model. Int J Cancer. 2010 Feb 16.


We assessed the time profiles of MMPs, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Rac1, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and DNA lesions (8-nitroguanine and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine) in relation to fibrosis and CCA development.
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18807143 Matsumoto M, Hayashi Y, Ohtsuki Y, Ikegami N, Toi M, Iguchi M, Hiroi M: Signet-ring stromal tumor of the ovary: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study with a review of the literature. Med Mol Morphol. 2008 Sep;41(3):165-70. Epub 2008 Sep 20.


Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells variously expressed several markers, including CD56, inhibin-alpha, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), and progesterone receptor (PR), which have been identified in ovarian sex cord-stromal neoplasms.
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18386047 Jiang D, Jiang Z, Han F, Zhang Y, Li Z: HGF suppresses the production of collagen type III and alpha-SMA induced by TGF-beta1 in healing fibroblasts. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2008 Jan;134(1):83-91. Epub 2007 Jul 5.


The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of HGF in blocking TGF-beta1-induced collagen III and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) production in rat healing fibroblasts, fibroblasts were obtained from healing medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury.
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19011011 Yadav UC, Ighani-Hosseinabad F, van Kuijk FJ, Srivastava SK, Ramana KV: Prevention of posterior capsular opacification through aldose reductase inhibition. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009 Feb;50(2):752-9. Epub 2008 Nov 14.


Immunostaining was performed in paraformaldehyde-fixed capsular bags to determine the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA), beta-crystallin, and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1.
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20096777 Shin DH, Park HM, Jung KA, Choi HG, Kim JA, Kim DD, Kim SG, Kang KW, Ku SK, Kensler TW, Kwak MK: The NRF2-heme oxygenase-1 system modulates cyclosporin A-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and renal fibrosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2008 May;294(5):F1116-28. Epub 2008 Mar 12.


Pretreatment of rat tubular epithelial NRK-52E cells with sulforaphane, an activator of NRF2, could prevent EMT gene changes such as the loss of E-cadherin and the increase in alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression.
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19371232 Lubel JS, Herath CB, Tchongue J, Grace J, Jia Z, Spencer K, Casley D, Crowley P, Sievert W, Burrell LM, Angus PW: Angiotensin-(1-7), an alternative metabolite of the renin-angiotensin system, is up-regulated in human liver disease and has antifibrotic activity in the bile-duct-ligated rat. J Endod. 2007 Nov;33(11):1313-8. Epub 2007 Sep 17.


In BDL rats, Ang-(1-7) improved fibrosis stage and collagen Picrosirius Red staining, and reduced hydroxyproline content, together with decreased gene expression of collagen 1A1, alpha-SMA (smooth muscle actin), VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), CTGF (connective tissue growth factor), ACE and mas [the Ang-(1-7) receptor].
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18804890 Iwaisako K, Hatano E, Taura K, Nakajima A, Tada M, Seo S, Tamaki N, Sato F, Ikai I, Uemoto S, Kinoshita M: Loss of Sept4 exacerbates liver fibrosis through the dysregulation of hepatic stellate cells. J Hepatol. 2008 Nov;49(5):768-78. Epub 2008 Jul 15.


METHODS: We analyzed the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), collagens and other markers in primary cultured HSCs derived from wild-type and Sept4 (-/-) mice.
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20004661 McHutchison J, Goodman Z, Patel K, Makhlouf H, Rodriguez-Torres M, Shiffman M, Rockey D, Husa P, Chuang WL, Levine R, Jonas M, Theodore D, Brigandi R, Webster A, Schultz M, Watson H, Stancil B, Gardner S: Farglitazar lacks antifibrotic activity in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection. J Immunol. 2007 Jul 1;179(1):682-90.


The primary end points were changes in levels of alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) expression and collagen, based on morphometry and ranked histologic assessments.
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18575713 Tanaka T, Toujima S, Utsunomiya T, Yukawa K, Umesaki N: Experimental characterization of recurrent ovarian immature teratoma cells after optimal surgery. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2008 Oct;33(19):2245-9.


Flow cytometry showed that the expression of smooth muscle actin (SMA) significantly decreased in nude mouse tumor cells when compared to cultured primary cells.
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18809398 Nathu Z, Dwivedi DJ, Reddan JR, Sheardown H, Margetts PJ, West-Mays JA: Temporal changes in MMP mRNA expression in the lens epithelium during anterior subcapsular cataract formation. Chin Med J. 2009 Mar 20;122(6):712-5.


Multilayering of LECs was observed as early as day 2, which preceded the presence of alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) immunoreactivity that was evident following 4 days of treatment with TGFbeta.
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18602501 Albu G, Petak F, Fontao F, Biton C, Pache JC, Habre W: Mechanisms of airway hyper-responsiveness after coronary ischemia. . Ann Anat. 2009 Jan;191(1):94-103. Epub 2008 Sep 20.


Lung morphological changes were assessed by histology, and alpha smooth muscle actin cells (alpha-SMA) were identified.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17724208 Johar K, Vasavada AR, Tatsumi K, Dholakia S, Nihalani B, Rao SS: Anterior capsular plaque in congenital cataract: occurrence, morphology, immunofluorescence, and ultrastructure. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007 Sep;48(9):4209-14.


Five-micrometer-thick sections of large ACPs were subjected to immunofluorescence localization of collagen type I, collagen type IV, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha SMA), and alpha A-crystallin.
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18827016 Leask A, Shi-Wen X, Khan K, Chen Y, Holmes A, Eastwood M, Denton CP, Black CM, Abraham DJ: Loss of protein kinase Cepsilon results in impaired cutaneous wound closure and myofibroblast function. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2009 Jun;117(6):257-65. Epub 2008 Dec 3.


Cutaneous wound repair requires the de novo induction of a specialized form of fibroblast, the alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA)-expressing myofibroblast, which migrates into the wound where it adheres to and contracts extracellular matrix (ECM), resulting in wound closure.
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19086261 Shi X, Han W, Yamamoto H, Tang W, Lin X, Xiu R, Trune DR, Nuttall AL: The cochlear pericytes. Korean J Ophthalmol. 2007 Dec;21(4):244-50.


MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cochlear pericytes were identified by the immunofluorescence labeling of pericyte marker proteins, including alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), desmin, Thy-1, tropomyosin, and NG2, and by morphological identification, using fluorescence, electron, and differential interference contrast microscopy.
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18171523 Li T, Leng XS, Zhu JY, Guo YT, Wei YH: [Effect of protein kinase C/transforming growth factor beta 1 pathway on activation of hepatic stellate cells]. Dev Biol. 2008 Sep 15;321(2):319-30. Epub 2008 Jun 20.


Western blot and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of TGF beta1, Smad 4, collagen type I, III and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) at the 24 h point.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18832581 Liu AC, Gotlieb AI: Transforming growth factor-beta regulates in vitro heart valve repair by activated valve interstitial cells. Folia Histochem Cytobiol. 2008;46(2):143-6.


VIC activation was demonstrated by immunofluorescent localization of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), and alpha-SMA mRNA levels were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19887789 Oh EJ, Ryu HM, Choi SY, Yook JM, Kim CD, Park SH, Chung HY, Kim IS, Yu MA, Kang DH, Kim YL: Impact of low glucose degradation product bicarbonate/lactate-buffered dialysis solution on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of peritoneum. Am J Pathol. 2008 Nov;173(5):1275-85. Epub 2008 Oct 2.


EMT was assessed with alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and E-cadherin.
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19823586 Xu SW, Liu S, Eastwood M, Sonnylal S, Denton CP, Abraham DJ, Leask A: Rac inhibition reverses the phenotype of fibrotic fibroblasts. . Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2007 Oct;37(4):395-404. Epub 2007 Jul 19.


Fibroblasts from lesional areas of scleroderma patients possess elevated abilities to contract matrix and produce alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), type I collagen and CCN2 (connective tissue growth factor, CTGF).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18552272 Liu Q, Mao H, Nie J, Chen W, Yang Q, Dong X, Yu X: Transforming growth factor {beta}1 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition by activating the JNK-Smad3 pathway in rat peritoneal mesothelial cells. Anat Rec. 2008 Jan;291(1):83-93.


The messenger RNA levels and protein expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), E-cadherin, and collagen I were determined with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting respectively.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18929559 Diah S, Zhang GX, Nagai Y, Zhang W, Gang L, Kimura S, Hamid MR, Tamiya T, Nishiyama A, Hitomi H: Aldosterone induces myofibroblastic transdifferentiation and collagen gene expression through the Rho-kinase dependent signaling pathway in rat mesangial cells. Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi. 2008 Apr;25(2):407-12.


Aldosterone also induced hypertrophy in RMCs, accompanied by an increase in actin polymerization and expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), a myofibroblastic transdifferentiation marker.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19168895 Sharma A, Mehan MM, Sinha S, Cowden JW, Mohan RR: Trichostatin a inhibits corneal haze in vitro and in vivo. Mol Vis. 2009;15:895-905. Epub 2009 May 1.


Real-time PCR, immunoblotting, or immunocytochemistry was used to measure alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA), fibronectin, and collagen type IV mRNA or protein levels.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19152370 Lin YL, Lin CY, Chi CW, Huang YT: Study on antifibrotic effects of curcumin in rat hepatic stellate cells. J Recept Signal Transduct Res. 2008;28(4):413-28.


The inhibitory effects of curcumin (1.25 approximately 10 microM) on fibrosis-related markers including alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and collagen were assessed.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19567170 Deng ZY, Li J, Jin Y, Chen XL, Lu XW: Effect of oxymatrine on the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases signalling pathway in rats with CCl4 induced hepatic fibrosis. Biol Pharm Bull. 2007 Aug;30(8):1427-31.


We obesrved changes in deposition of collagen, hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN), collagen type IV (CIV), procollagen III (PCIII) and hydroxyproline (Hyp), a-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and phosphor-p38 (pp38).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18505417 Ji F, Wang ZW, Wang LJ, Ning JW, Xu GQ: Clinicopathological characteristics of gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors and diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasonography. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2009 Jan;40(1):100-5.


The expression of CD117, CD34, smooth muscle actin (SMA), S-100, and Ki-67 were detected using immunohistochemistry.
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18522880 Zheng JF, Liang LJ: Intra-portal transplantation of bone marrow stromal cells ameliorates liver fibrosis in mice. Exp Eye Res. 2008 Oct;87(4):367-75. Epub 2008 Jul 18.


Alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) in the liver was assessed by immunohistochemistry.
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18413367 Wu MP, Young MJ, Tzeng CC, Tzeng CR, Huang KF, Wu LW, Chou CY: A novel role of thrombospondin-1 in cervical carcinogenesis: inhibit stroma reaction by inhibiting activated fibroblasts from invading cancer. Cancer Res. 2008 Mar 15;68(6):1872-80.


Immunohistochemistry examinations in the human surgical specimens have shown that a downregulation of TSP-1 during the progression of cervical carcinogenesis was accompanied by an emergence in the upregulation of stroma markers, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and desmin.
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17997979 Yang KL, Chang WT, Chuang CC, Hung KC, Li EI: Antagonizing TGF-beta induced liver fibrosis by a retinoic acid derivative through regulation of ROS and calcium influx. Immunol Lett. 2007 Sep 15;112(1):39-46. Epub 2007 Aug 1.


The retinoic acid derivative also reverses an early liver fibrosis, as assayed by liver contents of hydroxyproline, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), and collagen 1A2, in an early liver fibrosis model we established previously where an inducible expression vector containing a TGF-beta gene was hydrodynamically transferred into a testing animal.
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18178169 Wu MS, Liao CW, Du WY, Kao TC, Su KE, Lin YH, Chang CC, Fan CK: Enhanced expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 in inflammatory cells, alpha-smooth muscle actin in stellate cells, and collagen accumulation in experimental granulomatous hepatitis caused by Toxocara canis in mice. Acta Trop. 2008 Mar;105(3):260-8. Epub 2007 Nov 29.

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18583572 Wang CH, Huang CD, Lin HC, Lee KY, Lin SM, Liu CY, Huang KH, Ko YS, Chung KF, Kuo HP: Increased circulating fibrocytes in asthma with chronic airflow obstruction. Exp Eye Res. 2009 Dec;89(6):869-75. Epub 2009 Jul 26.


Blood nonadherent non-T (NANT) cells were incubated with fetal calf serum or each patient's own serum and fibrocytes expressing CD34, CD45, and collagen I with alpha-smooth muscle actin were identified by flow cytometry.
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18337547 Elberg G, Chen L, Elberg D, Chan MD, Logan CJ, Turman MA: MKL1 mediates TGF-beta1-induced alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in human renal epithelial cells. BJU Int. 2008 May;101(9):1156-64. Epub 2008 Feb 21.

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17963954 Martinez EF, Araujo VC, Sousa SO, Arana-Chavez VE: TGF-beta1 enhances the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin in cultured human pulpal fibroblasts: immunochemical and ultrastructural analyses. Anat Rec. 2009 Jun;292(6):818-26.

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19752532 Jiang S, Chen Y, Zou J, Xu X, Zhang X, Liu C, Fang Y, Ding X: Diverse effects of ischemic pretreatments on the long-term renal damage induced by ischemia-reperfusion. Cytojournal. 2008 Apr 21;5:9.


We also analyzed the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), transforming growth factor-beta (1) (TGF-beta (1)) and phospho-Smad2.
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19344713 Kaur H, Chaurasia SS, Agrawal V, Wilson SE: Expression of PDGF receptor-alpha in corneal myofibroblasts in situ. Arthritis Rheum. 2009 Jan;60(1):234-41.


Double IHC studies revealed the expression of PDGFR-alpha in the anterior stroma co-localized with alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) marker for myofibroblasts.
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19564819 Michalik M, Pierzchalska M, Legutko A, Ura M, Ostaszewska A, Soja J, Sanak M: Asthmatic bronchial fibroblasts demonstrate enhanced potential to differentiate into myofibroblasts in culture. Am J Nephrol. 2009;30(5):440-9. Epub 2009 Sep 15.


Expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) was assessed by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting.
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18291634 Kennedy L, Shi-Wen X, Carter DE, Abraham DJ, Leask A: Fibroblast adhesion results in the induction of a matrix remodeling gene expression program. Matrix Biol. 2008 May;27(4):274-81. Epub 2008 Jan 26.


In this report, we show that FAK is required for the expression of a cohort of mRNAs encoding ECM and matrix remodeling genes including CCN2, alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and type I collagen.
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18266877 Borowski A, Kuepper M, Horn U, Knupfer U, Zissel G, Hohne K, Luttmann W, Krause S, Virchow JC Jr, Friedrich K: Interleukin-13 acts as an apoptotic effector on lung epithelial cells and induces pro-fibrotic gene expression in lung fibroblasts. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2009 May;15(5):425-30.


The ability of IL-13 to increase the expression of pro-fibrotic genes and to exert influence on the expression of its own receptor was investigated by real-time quantitative PCR measurement of mRNAs encoding collagen I, collagen III, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and the IL-13 receptor alpha1 (IL-13Ralpha1) chain in human primary lung fibroblasts.
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18384688 Pavlakis K, Messini I, Vrekoussis T, Yiannou P, Keramopoullos D, Louvrou N, Liakakos T, Stathopoulos EN: The assessment of angiogenesis and fibroblastic stromagenesis in hyperplastic and pre-invasive breast lesions. BMC Cancer. 2008 Apr 2;8:88.


METHODS: 78 in situ ductal carcinomas of all degrees of differentiation, 22 atypical ductal hyperplasias, 25 in situ lobular carcinomas, 18 atypical lobular hyperplasias, 32 ductal epithelial hyperplasias of usual type and 8 flat atypias were immunohistochemically investigated for the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), smooth muscle actin (SMA) and CD34, while microvessel density (MVD) was counted using the anti-CD31 antibody.
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19080229 He CM, Zheng FL, Liu YP: [The effects of mycophenolate mofetil on renal interstitial fibrosis and epithelial-myofibroblast translation in adenine-induced renal failure rats]. Clin Exp Allergy. 2008 Apr;38(4):619-28. Epub 2008 Feb 11.


Expressions of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1), VEGF and Id (Id2 and Id3) in the kidney tissue were assessed by immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and/or Western blot methods.
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18334740 Silva GE, Costa RS, Ravinal RC, dos Reis MA, Dantas M, Coimbra TM: Mast cells, TGF-beta1 and alpha-SMA expression in IgA nephropathy. Dis Markers. 2008;24(3):181-90.


Recently, many studies have demonstrated that renal alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and transforming growth factor (TGF-beta1) expression, as well interstitial mast cell infiltrates could represent a prognostic marker in several renal diseases.
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18251741 Gushi A, Tanaka M, Tsuyama S, Nagai T, Kanzaki T, Kanekura T, Matsuyama T: The 3G5 antigen is expressed in dermal mast cells but not pericytes. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 2008 Feb;28(2):142-5.


However, most 3G5 antigen-expressing cells in capillary vessels were stained negatively for alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), a prominent pericyte marker.
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19516008 Dawes LJ, Sleeman MA, Anderson IK, Reddan JR, Wormstone IM: TGFbeta/Smad4-dependent and -independent regulation of human lens epithelial cells. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2008 Jul;103(5):489-93. Epub 2008 Apr 2.


Gene expression of transdifferentiation markers, alpha-smooth muscle actin and fibronectin and the inhibitory Smad, Smad7, in the presence and absence of TGFbeta2 (10 ng/mL) was determined with real-time PCR.
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