| Name | estrogen receptor alpha |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | ER; ERA; ER alpha; ERalpha; ESR; ESR 1; ESR1; ESRA… |
| Name | methoxychlor |
|---|---|
| CAS | 1,1′-(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)bis[4-methoxybenzene] |
| PubMed | Abstract | RScore(About this table) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11922773 | Charles GD, Gennings C, Zacharewski TR, Gollapudi BB, Carney EW: Assessment of interactions of diverse ternary mixtures in an estrogen receptor-alpha reporter assay. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2002 Apr 1;180(1):11-21. This study used an MCF-7 cell based ER-alpha reporter gene assay to assess chemical interactions within the following ternary mixtures: (1) three synthetic pesticides, methoxychlor (MXC), o,p-DDT, and dieldrin; (2) three polyaromatic hydrocarbons, benzo [a] pyrene (BAP), 1,2-benzanthracene (BENZ), and chrysene (CHRY); and (3) an endogenous [17beta- (E (2))]; a phytoestrogen, (GEN); and a synthetic o,p-DDT. |
32(0,1,1,2) | Details |
| 12623674 | Coldham NG, Horton R, Byford MF, Sauer MJ: A binary screening assay for pro-oestrogens in food: metabolic activation using hepatic microsomes and detection with oestrogen sensitive recombinant yeast cells. Food Addit Contam. 2002 Dec;19(12):1138-47. An assay, employing microsomes prepared from rat liver and a recombinant cell bioassay (RCBA) expressing the human oestrogen receptor (alpha) linked to a reporter gene, was evaluated for the detection of pro-oestrogens in food using methoxychlor and mestranol as model compounds. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 16199348 | Murono EP, Derk RC: The reported active metabolite of methoxychlor, 2,2-bis (p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane, inhibits formation by cultured Leydig cells from neonatal rats. Reprod Toxicol. 2005 Nov-Dec;20(4):503-13. In a recent study, HPTE was shown to inhibit both basal and hCG-stimulated production by cultured Leydig cells from immature and adult rats, and these effects were reported to be mediated through the estrogen receptor. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 15064164 | Tinwell H, Ashby J: Sensitivity of the immature rat uterotrophic assay to mixtures of estrogens. Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Apr;112(5):575-82. These data indicate that a variety of different estrogen receptor (ER) agonists, present individually at subeffective doses, can act simultaneously to evoke an ER-regulated response. Seven chemicals were evaluated: nonylphenol, bisphenol A (BPA), methoxychlor, (GEN), diethylstilbestrol, and |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 12948897 | Kanno J, Onyon L, Peddada S, Ashby J, Jacob E, Owens W: The OECD program to validate the rat uterotrophic bioassay. Environ Health Perspect. 2003 Sep;111(12):1550-8. Positive agonists of the estrogen receptor included the potent reference 17- (EE), and the weak agonists bisphenol A, methoxychlor, nonylphenol, and o,p -DDT. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 11861976 | You L, Casanova M, Bartolucci EJ, Fryczynski MW, Dorman DC, Everitt JI, Gaido KW, Ross SM, Heck Hd H: Combined effects of dietary phytoestrogen and synthetic endocrine-active compound on reproductive development in Sprague-Dawley rats: and methoxychlor. Toxicol Sci. 2002 Mar;66(1):91-104. To explore possible mechanisms for interaction between the two compounds on development, we performed estrogen receptor (ER)- and androgen receptor (AR)-based in vitro transcriptional activation assays using and the primary methoxychlor metabolite 2,2-bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (HPTE). |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 16896612 | Dhooge W, Arijs K, D'Haese I, Stuyvaert S, Versonnen B, Janssen C, Verstraete W, Comhaire F: Experimental parameters affecting sensitivity and specificity of a yeast assay for estrogenic compounds: results of an interlaboratory validation exercise. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2006 Nov;386(5):1419-28. Epub 2006 Aug 3. Therefore it fulfills the requirements as a first step screening assay to evaluate the capacity of chemicals to interact with the estrogen receptor. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 351202 | Nelson JA, Struck RF, James R: Estrogenic activities of chlorinated hydrocarbons. J Toxicol Environ Health. 1978 Mar-May;4(2-3):325-39. Although o,p'-DDT inhibits binding of to the estrogen receptor from rat or human at low levels (approximately 1-10 micrometer) in vitro, higher levels are required to inhibit nuclear binding of [3H] in incubated whole uteri. Methoxychlor appears to be "activated" by metabolism, and it is probable that phenolic metabolites are responsible for its estrogenic activity. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 12109482 | Legler J, Dennekamp M, Vethaak AD, Brouwer A, Koeman JH, van der Burg B, Murk AJ: Detection of estrogenic activity in sediment-associated compounds using in vitro reporter gene assays. Sci Total Environ. 2002 Jul 3;293(1-3):69-83. Results indicate that metabolites of E2, NP and bisphenol A were less active than the parent compounds, while metabolites of methoxychlor were more estrogenic following microsomal incubations. Sediment-associated estrogenic potency was measured with an estrogen receptor-mediated luciferase reporter gene (ER-CALUX) assay and compared with a recombinant yeast screen. |
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| 41991 | Kupfer D, Bulger WH: A novel in vitro method for demonstrating proestrogens. Life Sci. 1979 Sep 11;25(11):975-83. Metabolism of methoxychlor and o,p'DDT by liver microsomes in the presence of uteri and effects on intracellular distribution of estrogen receptors. |
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| 11509743 | Waters KM, Safe S, Gaido KW: Differential gene expression in response to methoxychlor and through ERalpha, ERbeta, and AR in reproductive tissues of female mice. Toxicol Sci. 2001 Sep;63(1):47-56. |
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| 8829249 | Eroschenko VP, Rourke AW, Sims WF: or methoxychlor stimulates estrogen receptor (ER) expression in uteri. Reprod Toxicol. 1996 Jul-Aug;10(4):265-71. |
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| 10580743 | Maruyama S, Fujimoto N, Yin H, Ito A: Growth stimulation of a rat pituitary cell line MtT/E-2 by environmental estrogens in vitro and in vivo. Endocr J. 1999 Aug;46(4):513-20. In the present study, an (E2) responsive rat pituitary cell line, MtT/E-2, was employed to examine 1) the potency of several endocrine disruptors including bisphenol A (BPA), o,p'-DDD, methoxychlor, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and dibromoacetic acid (DBAA) in terms of E2 responsive pituitary cell growth; 2) whether BPA has estrogenic action in vivo causing the growth of MtT/E-2 cells grafted in rats. Binding assays showed the test chemicals were able to compete with 3H-E2 binding to the estrogen receptor (ER). |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 12052007 | Kunimatsu T, Yamada T, Ose K, Sunami O, Kamita Y, Okuno Y, Seki T, Nakatsuka I: Lack of (anti-) androgenic or estrogenic effects of three pyrethroids (esfenvalerate, fenvalerate, and permethrin) in the Hershberger and uterotrophic assays. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2002 Apr;35(2 Pt 1):227-37. Reference controls consisting of ethynyl (0.03 mg/kg/day) and methoxychlor (125 mg/kg/day) both showed a significant effect in this assay protocol. In the present study, we evaluated the interaction of three pyrethroids (esfenvalerate, fenvalerate, and permethrin) with androgen receptor (AR)- and estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated mechanisms using in vivo short-term assays. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 11390175 | Cupp AS, Skinner MK: Actions of the endocrine disruptor methoxychlor and its estrogenic metabolite on in vitro embryonic rat seminiferous cord formation and perinatal testis growth. Reprod Toxicol. 2001 May-Jun;15(3):317-26. Therefore, methoxychlor may be acting through the androgen and/or estrogen receptors to elicit its actions on seminiferous cord formation. |
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| 9751507 | Kuiper GG, Lemmen JG, Carlsson B, Corton JC, Safe SH, van der Saag PT, van der Burg B, Gustafsson JA: Interaction of estrogenic chemicals and phytoestrogens with estrogen receptor beta. Endocrinology. 1998 Oct;139(10):4252-63. The rat, mouse and human estrogen receptor (ER) exists as two subtypes, ER alpha and ER beta, which differ in the C-terminal ligand-binding domain and in the N-terminal transactivation domain. All environmental estrogenic chemicals [polychlorinated hydroxybiphenyls, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and derivatives, alkylphenols, bisphenol A, methoxychlor and chlordecone] compete with E2 for binding to both ER subtypes with a similar preference and degree. |
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| 11893419 | Guo TL, Zhang XL, Bartolucci E, McCay JA, White KL Jr, You L: and methoxychlor modulate the activity of natural killer cells and the expression of phenotypic markers by thymocytes and splenocytes in F0 and F1 generations of Sprague-Dawley rats. Toxicology. 2002 Apr 2;172(3):205-15. A lack of interaction between these two estrogenic chemicals in modulating these immune parameters indicates that their effects on the immune system might involve other mechanisms in addition to the estrogen receptors. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 10819839 | Al-Jamal JH, Dubin NH: The effect of raloxifene on the uterine weight response in immature mice exposed to 17beta- 1,1,1-trichloro-2, 2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethane, and methoxychlor. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000 May;182(5):1099-102. These results suggest that the xenoestrogens exert their estrogenic activities through a different site on the estrogen receptor or through a different mechanism than 17beta- |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 8783812 | Tiemann U, Schneider F, Tuchscherer A: Effects of organochlorine pesticides on DNA synthesis of cultured oviductal and uterine cells and on estrogen receptor of uterine tissue from heifers. Arch Toxicol. 1996;70(8):490-6. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 10838121 | Charles GD, Bartels MJ, Gennings C, Zacharewski TR, Freshour NL, Bhaskar Gollapudi B, Carney EW: Incorporation of S-9 activation into an ER-alpha transactivation assay. Reprod Toxicol. 2000 May-Jun;14(3):207-16. We evaluated the feasibility of incorporating an exogenous metabolic activating system into an estrogen receptor-alpha transactivation assay. 17beta- (E2), and the proestrogenic pesticide methoxychlor (MXC) were evaluated for activity in the presence and absence of Aroclor-1254 induced rat liver S-9 fractions. |
7(0,0,1,2) | Details |
| 16626760 | Lemaire G, Mnif W, Mauvais P, Balaguer P, Rahmani R: Activation of alpha- and beta-estrogen receptors by persistent pesticides in reporter cell lines. Life Sci. 2006 Aug 15;79(12):1160-9. Epub 2006 Mar 27. Antagonistic activities toward hERalpha and hERbeta were shown in three (carbaryl, pentachlorophenol and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and seven (chlordecone, methoxychlor, carbaryl, endosulfan, endrin, dieldrin, aldrin) pesticides, respectively. |
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| 9492041 | Petersen DN, Tkalcevic GT, Koza-Taylor PH, Turi TG, Brown TA: Identification of estrogen receptor beta2, a functional variant of estrogen receptor beta expressed in normal rat tissues. Endocrinology. 1998 Mar;139(3):1082-92. However, a variety of known estrogenic agents, including physiological estrogens and plant and environmental estrogens coumestrol, bisphenol A, methoxychlor), and pharmocological agents (tamoxifen, 4-hydroxytamoxifen) did effectively compete for binding to both ER beta1 and ER beta2. |
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| 18980187 | Xu H, Kraus WL, Shuler ML: Development of a stable dual cell-line GFP expression system to study estrogenic endocrine disruptors. Biotechnol Bioeng. 2008 Dec 15;101(6):1276-87. Here we constructed a dual cell-line green fluorescence protein (GFP) expression system to identify and study endocrine disrupting compounds with activities of estrogen receptor agonists or antagonists. No synergistic effect was observed in chemical combinations between organochlorine pesticides methoxychlor, o-p'-DDT, p-p'-DDT, nor between and |
4(0,0,0,4) | Details |
| 7839363 | Cummings AM, Metcalf JL: Methoxychlor regulates rat uterine -induced protein. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1995 Jan;130(1):154-60. MXC is converted to an estrogenic substance, 2,2-bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (HPTE), which binds to the estrogen receptor. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 15483189 | Sonneveld E, Jansen HJ, Riteco JA, Brouwer A, van der Burg B: Development of androgen- and -responsive bioassays, members of a panel of human cell line-based highly selective steroid-responsive bioassays. Toxicol Sci. 2005 Jan;83(1):136-48. Epub 2004 Oct 13. We have established highly sensitive and specific androgen and reporter cell lines which we have named AR (androgen receptor) and ERalpha (estrogen receptor alpha) CALUX (Chemically Activated LUciferase eXpression), respectively. Flutamide, cyproterone acetate, and the environmental contaminants vinclozolin, DDT, methoxychlor, its metabolite HPTE, and penta-BFR showed clear antagonistic activity in the AR CALUX bioassay, competitively inhibiting DHT-mediated transactivation. |
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| 9010330 | Dodge JA, Glasebrook AL, Magee DE, Phillips DL, Sato M, Short LL, Bryant HU: Environmental estrogens: effects on lowering and bone in the ovariectomized rat. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1996 Oct;59(2):155-61. Specifically, select environmental estrogens (coumestrol, methoxychlor, bisphenol A, and zeranol) effectively lowered total serum in an -dependent animal model, the ovariectomized rat. In an in vitro environment, these compounds competed with 17beta- for estrogen receptor binding and stimulated cell proliferation in a human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). |
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| 11432551 | Thorpe KL, Hutchinson TH, Hetheridge MJ, Scholze M, Sumpter JP, Tyler CR: Assessing the biological potency of binary mixtures of environmental estrogens using vitellogenin induction in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Environ Sci Technol. 2001 Jun 15;35(12):2476-81. The estrogenic potencies of estradiol-17beta (E2), 4-tertnonylphenol (NP), and methoxychlor (MXC) were determined following 14 day exposures to the individual chemicals and binary mixtures of these chemicals. This suggests that while NP probably acts via the same mechanism as E2 in inducing VTG synthesis, MXC may be acting via a different mechanism (s), possibly as a result of its conversion to HPTE which is an estrogen receptor alpha agonist and an estrogen receptor beta antagonist. |
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| 10229711 | Andersen HR, Andersson AM, Arnold SF, Autrup H, Barfoed M, Beresford NA, Bjerregaard P, Christiansen LB, Gissel B, Hummel R, Jorgensen EB, Korsgaard B, Le Guevel R, Leffers H, McLachlan J, Moller A, Nielsen JB, Olea N, Oles-Karasko A, Pakdel F, Pedersen KL, Perez P, Skakkeboek NE, Sonnenschein C, Soto AM, et al.: Comparison of short-term estrogenicity tests for identification of hormone-disrupting chemicals. Environ Health Perspect. 1999 Feb;107 Suppl 1:89-108. Test methods included direct binding to the estrogen receptor (ER), proliferation of MCF-7 cells, transient reporter gene expression in MCF-7 cells, reporter gene expression in yeast strains stably transfected with the human ER and an -responsive reporter gene, and vitellogenin production in juvenile rainbow trout. 17beta- 17alpha-ethynyl and diethylstilbestrol induced a strong estrogenic response in all test systems. The results obtained for the remaining test compounds--tamoxifen, ICI 182.780, bisphenol A dimethacrylate, 4-n-octylphenol, 4-n-nonylphenol, nonylphenol dodecylethoxylate, butylbenzylphthalate, dibutylphthalate, methoxychlor, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, endosulfan, chlomequat and --varied among the assays. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 15159526 | Rankouhi TR, Sanderson JT, van Holsteijn I, van Leeuwen C, Vethaak AD, van den Berg M: Effects of natural and synthetic estrogens and various environmental contaminants on vitellogenesis in fish primary hepatocytes: comparison of bream (Abramis brama) and carp (Cyprinus carpio). Toxicol Sci. 2004 Sep;81(1):90-102. Epub 2004 May 24. Interaction of environmental estrogens with the estrogen receptor (ER) has been shown in various fish species. Our objective was to compare the sensitivity of bream (Abramis brama) to (xeno-) estrogens with that of the carp (Cyprinus carpio), by measuring the effects of 17beta- (E2), (E1), (EE2), bisphenol A (BPA), nonylphenol (NP), methoxychlor (MXCL), and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (HAHs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB126, PCB118), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-dioxin (TCDD), and 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (PCDF) on vitellogenesis in primary hepatocytes. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 18032409 | Rasier G, Parent AS, Gerard A, Denooz R, Lebrethon MC, Charlier C, Bourguignon JP: Mechanisms of interaction of endocrine-disrupting chemicals with -evoked secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Toxicol Sci. 2008 Mar;102(1):33-41. Epub 2007 Nov 20. Using hypothalamic explants obtained from 15-day-old female rats, (E2) and DDT caused a concentration-related increase in -evoked GnRH release while p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethene and methoxychlor had no effect. A complete prevention of o,p'-DDT effects was caused by an estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist as well as an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) antagonist and inhibitors of protein kinases A and C and mitogen-activated kinases. |
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| 9860891 | Gaido K, Dohme L, Wang F, Chen I, Blankvoort B, Ramamoorthy K, Safe S: Comparative estrogenic activity of wine extracts and organochlorine pesticide residues in food. Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Dec;106 Suppl 6:1347-51. The reconstituted organochlorine mixture contained 1,1,1-trichloro-2-(p-chlorophenyl)-2-(o-chlorophenyl) ethane, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethane, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethylene, endosulfan-1, endosulfan-2, p,p'-methoxychlor, and toxaphene; the relative proportion of each chemical in the mixture resembled the composition reported in a recent U.S. The following battery of in vitro 17 (E2)-responsive bioassays were utilized in this study: competitive binding to mouse uterine estrogen receptor (ER); proliferation in T47D human breast cancer cells; luciferase (Luc) induction in human HepG2 cells transiently cotransfected with C3-Luc and the human ER, rat ER-alpha, or rat ER-beta; induction of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) activity in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells transfected with E2-responsive cathepsin D-CAT or kinase B-CAT plasmids. |
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| 19479339 | Inui H, Sasaki H, Chua NH, Ohkawa H: Bioassay of estrogenic compounds in transgenic Arabidopsis plants carrying a recombinant human estrogen receptor gene and a GFP reporter gene. Transgenic Res. 2009 Dec;18(6):899-909. Epub 2009 May 29. methoxychlor, bisphenol A, 4-nonylphenol, and 4-t-octylphenol in the medium were clearly detected by RT-PCR and PCR of the genomic DNA. |
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| 10330684 | Legler J, van den Brink CE, Brouwer A, Murk AJ, van der Saag PT, Vethaak AD, van der Burg B: Development of a stably transfected estrogen receptor-mediated luciferase reporter gene assay in the human T47D breast cancer cell line. Toxicol Sci. 1999 Mar;48(1):55-66. Determination of interactive effects of the (pseudo-) estrogens nonylphenol, o,p'DDT, chlordane, endosulfan, dieldrin, and methoxychlor revealed that, in combination with 3 pM E2, (pseudo-) estrogens were additive. |
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| 15811586 | Laviola G, Gioiosa L, Adriani W, Palanza P: D-amphetamine-related reinforcing effects are reduced in mice exposed prenatally to estrogenic endocrine disruptors. Brain Res Bull. 2005 Apr 15;65(3):235-40. Epub 2004 Dec 18. Estrogenic endocrine disruptors are hormonally active compounds that can bind to estradiol receptors. In the present study, pregnant female CD-1 mice were allowed to drink spontaneously either oil or environmentally relevant low doses of two estrogenic compounds, methoxychlor (20 microg/kg) or bisphenol-A (10 microg/kg) during gestation days 11-18. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 11452134 | Yoshihara S, Makishima M, Suzuki N, Ohta S: Metabolic activation of bisphenol A by rat liver S9 fraction. Toxicol Sci. 2001 Aug;62(2):221-7. To assess the metabolic modulation of estrogenic activity of BPA after ingestion, we investigated whether the incubation of BPA with rat liver S9 fraction results in metabolic activation or inactivation of estrogenic activity using a recombinant yeast expressing human estrogen receptor and MCF-7 transfected firefly luciferase plasmid for a reporter assay. Bisphenol B and methoxychlor were also activated by incubation with rat liver S9, whereas 4-tert-octylphenol and 4-nonylphenol, as well as 17beta- were metabolically inactivated. |
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| 19589859 | Zama AM, Uzumcu M: Fetal and neonatal exposure to the endocrine disruptor methoxychlor causes epigenetic alterations in adult ovarian genes. Endocrinology. 2009 Oct;150(10):4681-91. Epub 2009 Jul 9. Previous studies showed that fetal/neonatal exposure to MXC caused adult ovarian dysfunction due to altered expression of key ovarian genes including estrogen receptor (ER)-beta, which was down-regulated, whereas ERalpha was unaffected. |
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| 17975887 | Van Liempd SM, Kool J, Meerman JH, Irth H, Vermeulen NP: Metabolic profiling of endocrine-disrupting compounds by on-line cytochrome p450 bioreaction coupled to on-line receptor affinity screening. Chem Res Toxicol. 2007 Dec;20(12):1825-32. Epub 2007 Nov 1. The HPLC column is linked on-line to a high-resolution screening (HRS)-estrogen receptor alpha affinity detection (ERAD) assay. |
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| 16183386 | Takagi H, Shibutani M, Lee KY, Masutomi N, Fujita H, Inoue K, Mitsumori K, Hirose M: Impact of maternal dietary exposure to endocrine-acting chemicals on progesterone receptor expression in microdissected hypothalamic medial preoptic areas of rat offspring. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2005 Oct 15;208(2):127-36. We have previously examined the impact of perinatal exposure to ethinylestradiol (EE), methoxychlor (MXC), diisononyl (DINP), and (GEN) in maternal diet on rat offspring, and found developmental and/or reproductive toxicity with 0.5 ppm EE, 1200 ppm MXC, and 20,000 ppm DINP. In the present study, to assess the impact of these agents on brain sexual differentiation, region-specific mRNA expression of estrogen receptors (ER) alpha and beta, the progesterone receptor (PR), gonadotrophin-releasing hormone, steroid receptor coactivators (SRC)-1 and -2, and calbindin-D in microdissected hypothalamic medial preoptic areas (MPOAs) at postnatal day 10 was first analyzed in rats exposed to 0.5 ppm-EE from gestational day 15 by real-time RT-PCR. |
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| 12088877 | Gore AC: Organochlorine pesticides directly regulate gonadotropin-releasing hormone gene expression and biosynthesis in the GT1-7 hypothalamic cell line. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2002 Jun 28;192(1-2):157-70. Two organochlorine pesticides (methoxychlor and chlorpyrifos) were tested for their effects on GnRH gene expression and biosynthesis in the immortalized hypothalamic GT1-7 cells, which synthesize and secrete GnRH. In order to examine whether these pesticides affect GnRH biosynthesis through the estrogen receptor (ER), in other experiments their effects were compared to those of or they were co-administered with the ER antagonist, ICI 182,780 (ICI). |
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| 3965923 | Bulger WH, Feil VJ, Kupfer D: Role of hepatic monooxygenases in generating estrogenic metabolites from methoxychlor and from its identified contaminants. Mol Pharmacol. 1985 Jan;27(1):115-24. To examine these properties, we utilized an assay developed by us that monitors whether a given compound, incubated with isolated rat uteri, can diminish the uterine cytosolic estrogen receptor and elevate the nuclear estrogen receptor and whether metabolic intervention by hepatic microsomal monooxygenase (s) is required by the respective compound for this cellular redistribution of the receptor. |
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| 18279978 | Blum JL, Nyagode BA, James MO, Denslow ND: Effects of the pesticide methoxychlor on gene expression in the liver and testes of the male largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Aquat Toxicol. 2008 Mar 26;86(4):459-69. Epub 2008 Jan 3. The liver and testes were then assayed for changes in expression of the three bass estrogen receptors (ERs alpha, beta a, and beta b) in tissues, as well as Vtg and cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A isoform 68 in the liver and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) in the testes. |
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| 15336722 | Murono EP, Derk RC: The effects of the reported active metabolite of methoxychlor, 2,2-bis (p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane, on formation by cultured Leydig cells from young adult rats. Reprod Toxicol. 2004 Nov;19(1):135-46. A recent study reported that HPTE inhibited both basal and hCG-stimulated formation by immature and adult cultured rat Leydig cells and that this effect was mediated through the estrogen receptor. |
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| 17651883 | van Meeuwen JA, Ter Burg W, Piersma AH, van den Berg M, Sanderson JT: Mixture effects of estrogenic compounds on proliferation and pS2 expression of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Food Chem Toxicol. 2007 Nov;45(11):2319-30. Epub 2007 Jun 15. To investigate such interactions, several PC and SC were tested individually, in mixtures and as combinations of mixtures with E (2) for effects on ERalpha receptor mediated cell proliferation and regulated pS2 expression level in MCF-7 (bus) cells. PCs (coumestrol, or SCs (4-nonylphenol, octylphenol, beta-hexachlorocyclohexane, bisphenol A, methoxychlor, dibutyl were mixed (PCmix and SCmix) either in concentrations reflecting human serum concentrations or at equipotent concentrations for estrogenicity. |
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| 9073609 | Gaido KW, Leonard LS, Lovell S, Gould JC, Babai D, Portier CJ, McDonnell DP: Evaluation of chemicals with endocrine modulating activity in a yeast-based steroid hormone receptor gene transcription assay. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1997 Mar;143(1):205-12. Diethylstilbesterol and 17- were most active in the estrogen receptor assay, followed by the phytoestrogen, coumestrol. p-Nonylphenol and bisphenol A were approximately 5000- and 15,000-fold less active, respectively, than Methoxychlor, DDT and its metabolites, o,p'-DDD, and o,p'-DDE ranged in potency from 5 to 24 X 10 (6) less potent than |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 10999957 | Gaido KW, Maness SC, McDonnell DP, Dehal SS, Kupfer D, Safe S: Interaction of methoxychlor and related compounds with estrogen receptor alpha and beta, and androgen receptor: structure-activity studies. Mol Pharmacol. 2000 Oct;58(4):852-8. |
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| 15890768 | Fei X, Chung H, Taylor HS: Methoxychlor disrupts uterine Hoxa10 gene expression. Endocrinology. 2005 Aug;146(8):3445-51. Epub 2005 May 12. MXC and its metabolites bind the estrogen receptor and function as endocrine disruptors. |
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| 9439733 | Nimrod AC, Benson WH: Xenobiotic interaction with and alteration of channel catfish estrogen receptor. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1997 Dec;147(2):381-90. Several environmentally relevant chemicals were evaluated in a similar manner and the order of potency established was the o-demethylated metabolite of methoxychlor (MXC) > nonylphenol (NP) > chlordecone > MXC > o,p'-DDT > o,p'-DDE > beta-hexachlorocyclohexane. |
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| 12735107 | Larkin P, Folmar LC, Hemmer MJ, Poston AJ, Denslow ND: Expression profiling of estrogenic compounds using a sheepshead minnow cDNA macroarray. EHP Toxicogenomics. 2003 Jan;111(1T):29-36. A variety of anthropogenic compounds are capable of binding to the estrogen receptor (ER) of vertebrate species. The results of this study show that 17 (E2), 17 alpha- (EE2), diethylstilbestrol (DES), and methoxychlor (MXC) have similar genetic signatures for the 30 genes examined. |
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| 9118870 | Shelby MD, Newbold RR, Tully DB, Chae K, Davis VL: Assessing environmental chemicals for estrogenicity using a combination of in vitro and in vivo assays. Environ Health Perspect. 1996 Dec;104(12):1296-300. The assays were 1) competitive binding with the mouse uterine estrogen receptor, 2) transcriptional activation in HeLa cells transfected with plasmids containing an estrogen receptor and a response element, and 3) the uterotropic assay in mice. The chemicals studied were 17 beta- diethylstilbestrol, tamoxifen, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, methoxychlor, the methoxychlor metabolite 2,2-bis (p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (HPTE), endosulfan, nonylphenol, o,p'-DDT, and kepone. |
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| 15451043 | Golub MS, Germann SL, Hogrefe CE: Endocrine disruption and cognitive function in adolescent female rhesus monkeys. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2004 Nov-Dec;26(6):799-809. Differential effects of the two agents at the estrogen receptor subtypes (ER alpha and ER beta) may be relevant to the differential behavioral outcomes. Female rhesus monkeys (n=8/group) received daily oral doses of exogenous [diethylstilbestrol (DES), 0.5 mg/kg, methoxychlor (MXC), 25 or 50 mg/kg] for 6 months before and after the anticipated age of menarche. |
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| 7618160 | vom Saal FS, Nagel SC, Palanza P, Boechler M, Parmigiani S, Welshons WV: Estrogenic pesticides: binding relative to in MCF-7 cells and effects of exposure during fetal life on subsequent territorial behaviour in male mice. Toxicol Lett. 1995 May;77(1-3):343-50. The ability of o,p'-dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT) and methoxychlor to compete with for binding to estrogen receptors in MCF-7 cells (relative binding affinity; RBA) was examined in both serum-free medium and 100% serum; this is referred to as a relative binding affinity-serum modified access (RBA-SMA) assay. |
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| 10579340 | Gaido KW, Leonard LS, Maness SC, Hall JM, McDonnell DP, Saville B, Safe S: Differential interaction of the methoxychlor metabolite 2,2-bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane with estrogen receptors alpha and beta. Endocrinology. 1999 Dec;140(12):5746-53. |
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| 17088055 | Thomas P, Dong J: Binding and activation of the seven-transmembrane estrogen receptor GPR30 by environmental estrogens: a potential novel mechanism of endocrine disruption. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2006 Dec;102(1-5):175-9. Epub 2006 Nov 7. Kepone, p,p'-DDT, 2,2',5',-PCB-4-OH and o,p'-DDE had lower affinities with RBAs of 0.25-1.3%, whereas o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, methoxychlor and atrazine caused less than 50% displacement of [(3) H]-E2 at concentrations up to 10 microM. |
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| 15597890 | Schmieder PK, Tapper MA, Denny JS, Kolanczyk RC, Sheedy BR, Henry TR, Veith GD: Use of trout liver slices to enhance mechanistic interpretation of estrogen receptor binding for cost-effective prioritization of chemicals within large inventories. Environ Sci Technol. 2004 Dec 1;38(23):6333-42. The monohydroxy metabolite of methoxychlor was the only chemical tested that apparently bound rtER but did not induce VTG mRNA. |
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| 15525693 | Symonds DA, Tomic D, Miller KP, Flaws JA: Methoxychlor induces proliferation of the mouse ovarian surface epithelium. Toxicol Sci. 2005 Feb;83(2):355-62. Epub 2004 Nov 3. The estrogen receptor blocker ICI 182,780 abolished MXC- and HPTE-induced increases in cell density. |
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| 9185893 | Odum J, Lefevre PA, Tittensor S, Paton D, Routledge EJ, Beresford NA, Sumpter JP, Ashby J: The rodent uterotrophic assay: critical protocol features, studies with nonyl phenols, and comparison with a yeast estrogenicity assay. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1997 Apr;25(2):176-88. Selected chemicals shown to be active in the immature rat uterotrophic assay were also evaluated in an in vitro yeast human estrogen receptor transactivation assay. Rats are favored over mice for reasons of toxicological practice, but the choice of test species is probably not a critical protocol variable, as evidenced by the similar sensitivity of rats and mice to the uterotrophic activity of methoxychlor. |
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| 15084752 | Gennings C, Carter WH Jr, Carney EW, Charles GD, Gollapudi BB, Carchman RA: A novel flexible approach for evaluating fixed ratio mixtures of full and partial agonists. Toxicol Sci. 2004 Jul;80(1):134-50. Epub 2004 Apr 14. The methods are illustrated with a combination of six chemicals in an estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-alpha) reporter gene assay. |
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| 1370187 | Johnson DC, Sen M, Dey SK: Differential effects of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane analogs, chlordecone, and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on establishment of pregnancy in the hypophysectomized rat. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1992 Jan;199(1):42-8. The insecticide P,P'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) was nearly devoid of estrogenic activity for initiating implantation, as was a dichloro analog, 1,1-dichloro-2-[p-chlorophenyl],2-[o-chlorophenyl] ethane (O,P'-DDD), but another such analog, 1,1-dichloro-2-(p-chlorophenyl),2-(o-chlorophenyl) ethylene (O,P'-DDE), was nearly as estrogenic as the O,P'-DDT isomer of DDT and the methoxylated analog methoxychlor. |
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| 10090707 | Pickford DB, Morris ID: Effects of endocrine-disrupting contaminants on amphibian oogenesis: methoxychlor inhibits -induced maturation of Xenopus laevis oocytes in vitro. Environ Health Perspect. 1999 Apr;107(4):285-92. |
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| 731734 | Bulger WH, Muccitelli RM, Kupfer D: Interactions of methoxychlor, methoxychlor base-soluble contaminant, and 2,2-bis (p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane with rat uterine estrogen receptor. J Toxicol Environ Health. 1978 Sep-Nov;4(5-6):881-93. Laboratory grade methoxychlor (99% pure), base-washed methoxychlor, and a metabolite of methoxychlor, 2,2-bis (p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (HPTE), were tested for their ability to compete with [3 H] -17 beta ([3 H] E2) for specific binding to the estrogen receptor from immature rat uterine cytosol. |
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| 16787999 | Tomic D, Frech MS, Babus JK, Gupta RK, Furth PA, Koos RD, Flaws JA: Methoxychlor induces atresia of antral follicles in ERalpha-overexpressing mice. Toxicol Sci. 2006 Sep;93(1):196-204. Epub 2006 Jun 20. Methoxychlor (MXC) is a pesticide that is known to bind to estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and to induce atresia of antral ovarian follicles. |
96(1,1,2,11) | Details |
| 11162928 | Matthews J, Celius T, Halgren R, Zacharewski T: Differential estrogen receptor binding of a species comparison. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2000 Nov 15;74(4):223-34. Methoxychlor, p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDE, alpha-endosulfan and dieldrin weakly bound to the ERs from the human, mouse, chicken and green anole. |
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| 16280380 | Symonds DA, Miller KP, Tomic D, Flaws JA: Effect of methoxychlor and on cytochrome p450 enzymes in the mouse ovarian surface epithelium. Toxicol Sci. 2006 Feb;89(2):510-4. Epub 2005 Nov 9. After culture, the cells were subjected to quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for cytochrome P450s (CYPs) 1A1, 1B1, 2C29, and 1A2, and estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha). |
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| 14975756 | Sekine Y, Yamamoto T, Yumioka T, Imoto S, Kojima H, Matsuda T: Cross-talk between endocrine-disrupting chemicals and cytokine signaling through estrogen receptors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Mar 12;315(3):692-8. |
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| 11353743 | Blizard D, Sueyoshi T, Negishi M, Dehal SS, Kupfer D: Mechanism of induction of cytochrome p450 enzymes by the proestrogenic endocrine disruptor pesticide-methoxychlor: interactions of methoxychlor metabolites with the constitutive androstane receptor system. Drug Metab Dispos. 2001 Jun;29(6):781-5. |
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| 3206530 | Gray LE Jr, Ostby JS, Ferrell JM, Sigmon ER, Goldman JM: Methoxychlor induces -like alterations of behavior and the reproductive tract in the female rat and hamster: effects on sex behavior, running wheel activity, and uterine morphology. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1988 Dec;96(3):525-40. |
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| 17654248 | Han EH, Jeong TC, Jeong HG: Methoxychlor suppresses the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-inducible CYP1A1 expression in murine Hepa-1c1c7 cells. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2007 Aug;70(15-16):1304-9. |
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| 11896288 | You L, Sar M, Bartolucci EJ, McIntyre BS, Sriperumbudur R: Modulation of mammary gland development in prepubertal male rats exposed to and methoxychlor. Toxicol Sci. 2002 Apr;66(2):216-25. |
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| 17949972 | Blum JL, James MO, Stuchal LD, Denslow ND: Stimulation of transactivation of the largemouth bass estrogen receptors alpha, beta-a, and beta-b by methoxychlor and its mono- and bis-demethylated metabolites in HepG2 cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2008 Jan;108(1-2):55-63. Epub 2007 Sep 7. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanisms by which the pesticide, methoxychlor (MXC), acts as an environmental endocrine disruptor through interaction with the three largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) estrogen receptors (ERs) alpha, betaa, and betab. |
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| 15253041 | Okubo T, Yokoyama Y, Kano K, Soya Y, Kano I: Estimation of estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities of selected pesticides by MCF-7 cell proliferation assay. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2004 May;46(4):445-53. Chlordecone, dicofol, methoxychlor, nitrofen, fenarimol, myclobutanil and pyridate had capacities to bind both ERalpha and AR. |
86(1,1,1,6) | Details |
| 17963131 | Ansari RA, Gandy J: Determining the transrepression activity of xenoestrogen on nuclear factor-kappa B in Cos-1 cells by estrogen receptor-alpha. Int J Toxicol. 2007 Sep-Oct;26(5):441-9. The ability of selected xenoestrogens (methoxychlor [MXC], dieldrin, and o',p'-DDT) to transrepress the NF-kappa B-mediated transcription in Cos-1 cells was evaluated by cotransfection of human estrogen receptor-alpha (hERalpha). |
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| 10537130 | Roy D, Angelini NL, Belsham DD: directly respresses gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) gene expression in estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha)- and ERbeta-expressing GT1-7 GnRH neurons. Endocrinology. 1999 Nov;140(11):5045-53. The recently reported ERalpha-specific agonist/ERbeta-specific antagonist 2,2-bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl-1,1,1-trichloroethane (HPTE), a methoxychlor metabolite, also down-regulated GnRH gene expression. |
84(1,1,1,4) | Details |
| 12730626 | Golub MS, Hogrefe CE, Germann SL, Lasley BL, Natarajan K, Tarantal AF: Effects of exogenous estrogenic agents on pubertal growth and reproductive system maturation in female rhesus monkeys. Toxicol Sci. 2003 Jul;74(1):103-13. Epub 2003 May 2. This study examined the consequences of treatment with estrogenic agents (methoxychlor, MXC, 25 and 50 mg/kg/day; diethylstilbestrol, DES, 0.5 mg/kg/day) given in the peripubertal period (6 months before and after the expected age at menarche) to female rhesus monkeys. These treatments increased activity of serum as determined with an in vitro estrogen receptor alpha (ERa) transcription assay. |
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| 18854640 | Park SH, Kim KY, An BS, Choi JH, Jeung EB, Leung PC, Choi KC: Cell growth of ovarian cancer cells is stimulated by xenoestrogens through an -dependent pathway, but their stimulation of cell growth appears not to be involved in the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK-1 and p38. J Reprod Dev. 2009 Feb;55(1):23-9. Epub 2008 Oct 15. Thus, in this study, we evaluated the effects of EDCs on proliferation and regulation of transcription of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive BG-1 ovarian cancer cells, and their possible mechanisms were further examined. Treatment with bisphenol A (BPA), nonylphenol (NP), octylphenol (OP) and methoxychlor (MXC) for 24 h resulted in an increase of cell proliferation. |
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| 16398133 | Denny JS, Tapper MA, Schmieder PK, Hornung MW, Jensen KM, Ankley GT, Henry TR: Comparison of relative binding affinities of endocrine active compounds to fathead minnow and rainbow trout estrogen receptors. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2005 Nov;24(11):2948-53. The chemicals included (E2), diethylstilbestrol (DES), ethinylestradiol (EE2), (El), tamoxifen (TAM), (GEN), p-nonylphenol (PNP), p-tert-octylphenol (PTOP), methoxychlor (MXC), and methyltestosterone (MT). |
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| 11392137 | Ankley GT, Jensen KM, Kahl MD, Korte JJ, Makynen EA: Description and evaluation of a short-term reproduction test with the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Environ Toxicol Chem. 2001 Jun;20(6):1276-90. Methoxychlor decreased plasma concentrations of one or more steroids 11-ketotestosterone, in both sexes and caused a significant induction of plasma vitellogenin in males, a response consistent with activation of the estrogen receptor by the pesticide (or its metabolites). |
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| 9171990 | Danzo BJ: Environmental xenobiotics may disrupt normal endocrine function by interfering with the binding of physiological ligands to steroid receptors and binding proteins. Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Mar;105(3):294-301. Methoxychlor, o,p'-DDT1, pentachlorophenol, and nonylphenol significantly reduced [3H] 17 beta- binding to the estrogen receptor by 10, 60, 20, and 75%, respectively. |
82(1,1,1,2) | Details |
| 14612550 | Bentrem D, Fox JE, Pearce ST, Liu H, Pappas S, Kupfer D, Zapf JW, Jordan VC: Distinct molecular conformations of the estrogen receptor alpha complex exploited by environmental estrogens. Cancer Res. 2003 Nov 1;63(21):7490-6. A group of planar and coumestrol) and nonplanar (methoxychlor and its mono- and didemethylated phenolic metabolites) environmental estrogens, which are all full estrogens in MCF-7 breast cancer cell proliferation assays, was shown to segregate discretely into planar and nonplanar groups. |
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| 15642635 | Rouhani Rankouhi T, Sanderson JT, van Holsteijn I, van Kooten P, Bosveld AT, van den Berg M: Effects of environmental and natural estrogens on vitellogenin production in hepatocytes of the brown frog (Rana temporaria). Aquat Toxicol. 2005 Jan 18;71(1):97-101. Epub 2004 Nov 19. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of the natural estrogens and synthetic estrogens as well as the mimics to induce estrogen-receptor mediated vitellogenesis in primary hepatocytes of the brown frog (Rana temporaria). Exposure to bisphenol A and methoxychlor concentrations up to 100 microM did not have any effect on in vitro vitellogenesis. |
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| 14664857 | Miyashita M, Shimada T, Nakagami S, Kurihara N, Miyagawa H, Akamatsu M: Enantioselective recognition of mono-demethylated methoxychlor metabolites by the estrogen receptor. Chemosphere. 2004 Feb;54(8):1273-6. |
83(1,1,1,3) | Details |
| 9266808 | Schlenk D, Stresser DM, McCants JC, Nimrod AC, Benson WH: Influence of beta-naphthoflavone and methoxychlor pretreatment on the biotransformation and estrogenic activity of methoxychlor in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1997 Aug;145(2):349-56. The organochlorine pesticide methoxychlor [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (4-methoxyphenyl) ethane] (MXC) has been classified as a proestrogen in mammals and fish, requiring demethylation prior to eliciting estrogenic activity or binding to the estrogen receptor. |
81(1,1,1,1) | Details |
| 16510540 | Stuchal LD, Kleinow KM, Stegeman JJ, James MO: Demethylation of the pesticide methoxychlor in liver and intestine from untreated, methoxychlor-treated, and 3-methylcholanthrene-treated channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus): evidence for roles of CYP1 and CYP3A family isozymes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Jun;34(6):932-8. Epub 2006 Mar 1. Exposure to the organochlorine pesticide methoxychlor (MXC) is associated with endocrine disruption in several species through biotransformation to mono-desmethyl-MXC (OH-MXC) and bis-desmethyl-MXC (HPTE), which interact with estrogen receptors. |
81(1,1,1,1) | Details |
| 17568585 | Gioiosa L, Fissore E, Ghirardelli G, Parmigiani S, Palanza P: Developmental exposure to low-dose estrogenic endocrine disruptors alters sex differences in exploration and emotional responses in mice. Horm Behav. 2007 Sep;52(3):307-16. Epub 2007 May 22. Estrogenic endocrine disruptors (EEDs) are naturally occurring or man-made compounds present in the environment that are able to bind to estrogen receptors and interfere with normal cellular development in target organs and tissues. Pregnant dams were trained to spontaneously drink daily doses of corn oil with or without the estrogenic plastic derivative, bisphenol A (BPA 10 microg/kg), or the estrogenic insecticide methoxychlor (MXC 20 microg/kg) from gestation day 11 to postpartum day 8. |
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| 9402152 | Blake CA, Ashiru OA: Disruption of rat estrous cyclicity by the environmental 4-tert-octylphenol. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1997 Dec;216(3):446-51. 4-tert-Octylphenol (OP) is a prevalent environmental pollutant which binds to estrogen receptors and exerts estrogenic actions in vitro. Ten of eleven neonatal rats injected with 1.7 mg of the estrogenic pesticide methoxychlor also were in persistent estrus at 3 months after birth, and all 10 neonatal rats injected with 1 mg of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol, which is apparently nonestrogenic, cycled regularly. |
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| 18078677 | James MO, Stuchal LD, Nyagode BA: Glucuronidation and sulfonation, in vitro, of the major endocrine-active metabolites of methoxychlor in the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, and induction following treatment with 3-methylcholanthrene. Aquat Toxicol. 2008 Jan 31;86(2):227-38. Epub 2007 Nov 9. The organochlorine pesticide, methoxychlor (MXC), is metabolized in animals to phenolic mono- and bis-demethylated metabolites (OH-MXC and HPTE, respectively) that interact with estrogen receptors and may be endocrine disruptors. |
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| 10746942 | Laws SC, Carey SA, Ferrell JM, Bodman GJ, Cooper RL: Estrogenic activity of octylphenol, nonylphenol, bisphenol A and methoxychlor in rats. Toxicol Sci. 2000 Mar;54(1):154-67. As expected, the binding affinities for the estrogen receptor ranged from high to low, as reflected by Ki concentrations of 0.4 nM for 17- and ethynyl and 0.05-65 microM for 4-tert-octyphenol, 4-nonylphenol, and methoxychlor. |
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| 17077578 | Shin JH, Moon HJ, Kang IH, Kim TS, Lee SJ, Oh JY, Lee YJ, Hong EJ, Jeung EB, Han SY: Calbindin-D9k mRNA expression in the rat uterus following exposure to methoxychlor: a comparison of oral and subcutaneous exposure. J Reprod Dev. 2007 Apr;53(2):179-88. Epub 2006 Nov 1. Calbindin-D (9k) (CaBP-9k) is a cytosolic -binding protein that is induced by estrogenic compounds possibly through estrogen receptors. |
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| 14973267 | Borgeest C, Miller KP, Gupta R, Greenfeld C, Hruska KS, Hoyer P, Flaws JA: Methoxychlor-induced atresia in the mouse involves Bcl-2 family members, but not gonadotropins or Biol Reprod. 2004 Jun;70(6):1828-35. Epub 2004 Feb 18. Ovaries were subjected to analysis of antral follicle numbers, Bcl-2, Bax, estrogen receptor, and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor levels. |
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| 10433208 | Ghosh D, Taylor JA, Green JA, Lubahn DB: Methoxychlor stimulates -responsive messenger ribonucleic acids in mouse uterus through a non-estrogen receptor (non-ER) alpha and non-ER beta mechanism. Endocrinology. 1999 Aug;140(8):3526-33. |
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| 11908639 | Zhang Z, Teng CT: Methoxychlor stimulates the mouse lactoferrin gene promoter through a GC-rich element. Biochem Cell Biol. 2002;80(1):23-6. A series of different lengths of the mouse lactoferrin gene 5' flanking region were linked to a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter construct and transfected into human endometrial carcinoma HEC-1B cells, an estrogen receptor null cell line, in order to examine the methoxychlor response. |
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| 16760418 | Miller KP, Gupta RK, Flaws JA: Methoxychlor metabolites may cause ovarian toxicity through -regulated pathways. Toxicol Sci. 2006 Sep;93(1):180-8. Epub 2006 Jun 7. Cytochrome P450 enzymes metabolize MXC to mono-OH MXC (1,1,1-trichloro-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl) ethane [mono-OH]) and bis-OH MXC (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane [HPTE]), two compounds that are proposed to be more toxic than the parent compound, can interact with the estrogen receptor (ER), and are proposed to be responsible for ovarian toxicity. |
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| 10774817 | Hodges LC, Bergerson JS, Hunter DS, Walker CL: Estrogenic effects of organochlorine pesticides on uterine leiomyoma cells in vitro. Toxicol Sci. 2000 Apr;54(2):355-64. These data demonstrate that organochlorine pesticides act as estrogen receptor agonists in Eker rat uterine myometrial cells, and they indicate a need for further investigation of the potential tissue-specific agonist activity of these pesticides and their role in the pathogenesis of uterine leiomyoma. This contrasted with the agonist profile of methoxychlor, dieldrin, toxaphene, and endosulfan-beta. |
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