Protein Information

Name cholinesterase
Synonyms Acylcholine acylhydrolase; BCHE; BCHE protein; Butyrylcholine esterase; Butyrylcholinesterase; CHE1; Choline esterase II; Cholinesterase…

Compound Information

Name profenofos
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
15113602 McDaniel KL, Moser VC: Differential profiles of cholinesterase inhibition and neurobehavioral effects in rats exposed to fenamiphos or profenofos. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2004 May-Jun;26(3):407-15.
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9890196 Sparks SE, Quistad GB, Casida JE: Organophosphorus pesticide-induced butyrylcholinesterase inhibition and potentiation of succinylcholine toxicity in mice. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 1999;13(2):113-8.

Mivacurium, a related nondepolarizing muscle relaxant also detoxified by butyrylcholinesterase, is likewise potentiated by at least threefold on 4 hour pretreatment with tribufos (25 mg/kg) or profenofos (10 mg/kg).
10(0,0,1,5) Details
11401263 Kumar A, Chapman JC: Profenofos residues in wild fish from cotton-growing areas of New South Wales, Australia. J Environ Qual. 2001 May-Jun;30(3):740-50.

European carp (Cyprinus carpio), bony bream (Nematalosa erebi), and mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) were collected from the cotton-growing areas around Wee Waa, New South Wales, to determine the relationship between profenofos residues and acetyl-cholinesterase (AChE) activity in wild fish.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
2386424 Goh KT, Yew FS, Ong KH, Tan IK: Acute organophosphorus food poisoning caused by contaminated green leafy vegetables. Arch Environ Health. 1990 May-Jun;45(3):180-4.

The etiology was confirmed when excessive levels of two organophosphorus pesticides--methamidophos (Tamaron/Monitor; 2.4 ppm-31.7 ppm) and profenofos (Selecron/Curacron; 1.1 ppm-5.4 ppm) were detected in the implicated food, and blood cholinesterase levels of the hospitalized patients were depressed by 26.1%-81.4% based on the lower limit of the reference range.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
16289700 Abdel-Halim KY, Salama AK, El-Khateeb EN, Bakry NM: Organophosphorus pollutants (OPP) in aquatic environment at Damietta Governorate, Egypt: implications for monitoring and biomarker responses. Chemosphere. 2006 Jun;63(9):1491-8. Epub 2005 Nov 14.

The obtained results are in parallel to that found in case of cholinesterase activity where the activity of both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) was declined at these seasonal period.
Chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, malathion, diazinon, pirimiphos-methyl and profenofos were detected in most samples.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
10561082 Quistad GB, Casida JE: Sensitivity of blood-clotting factors and digestive enzymes to inhibition by organophosphorus pesticides. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2000;14(1):51-6.

Organophosphorus pesticide toxicology is normally evaluated in relation to inhibition of cholinesterases (acetyl and butyryl), neuropathy target esterase, and carboxylesterases, with less attention given to other physiologically important hydrolases.
Inhibitors that we examined are organophosphorus insecticides or their activated metabolites (paraoxon, chlorpyrifos oxon, and profenofos) and other toxicants (phenyl saligenin cyclic phosphonate and tribufos) for comparison with values that are found in the literature for the fluorophosphonates (isoflurophate and sarin).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19737786 Eddleston M, Worek F, Eyer P, Thiermann H, Von Meyer L, Jeganathan K, Sheriff MH, Dawson AH, Buckley NA: Poisoning with the S-Alkyl organophosphorus insecticides profenofos and prothiofos. QJM. 2009 Nov;102(11):785-92. Epub 2009 Sep 8.

Clinical observation was carried out throughout their inpatient stay; blood samples were taken in a subgroup for assay of cholinesterases and insecticide.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
14650183 Lin L, Liu J, Zhang K, Chen Y: [An experimental study of the effects of profenofos on antioxidase in rabbits]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2003 Sep;32(5):434-5.

The activities of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px in plasma, and cholinesterase (ChE) in blood were measured in different exposure period.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15888665 Quistad GB, Klintenberg R, Casida JE: Blood acylpeptide hydrolase activity is a sensitive marker for exposure to some organophosphate toxicants. Toxicol Sci. 2005 Aug;86(2):291-9. Epub 2005 May 11.

Mouse blood and brain APH and blood butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) are of similar sensitivity to DFP in vitro and in vivo (ip and vapor exposure), but APH inhibition is much more persistent in vivo (still > 80% inhibition after 4 days).
The inhibitory potency of OP pesticides in vivo in mice varies from APH selective (dichlorvos, naled, and trichlorfon), to APH and BChE selective (profenofos and tribufos), to ChE selective or nonselective (many commercial insecticides).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20021020 Das GP, Jamil K, Rahman MF: Effect of four organophosphorus compounds on human blood acetylcholinesterase: in vitro studies. Toxicol Mech Methods. 2006;16(8):455-9.

The aim of the study was to determine the IC50 concentration of the pesticides monocrotophos, chlorpyrifos, profenofos, and acephate as inhibitors of AChE.
Cholinesterase was spectrophotometrically measured using acetylthiocholine iodide (AChI) as substrate and dithiobisnitrobenzoic acid (DTNB) as the coloring agent using different aliquots of the pesticides.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19949736 Kang EJ, Seok SJ, Lee KH, Gil HW, Yang JO, Lee EY, Hong SY: Factors for determining survival in acute organophosphate poisoning. Korean J Intern Med. 2009 Dec;24(4):362-7. Epub 2009 Nov 27.

The mortality was 0% for dichlorvos, malathion, chlorpyrifos and profenofos.
We investigated patient survival according to initial parameters, including the initial Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, serum cholinesterase level, and hemoperfusion and evaluated the mortality according to organophosphate types.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18828448 Moustafa GG, Ibrahim ZS, Ahmed MM, Ghoneim MH, Sakamoto KQ, Ishizuka M, Fujita S: Downregulation of male-specific cytochrome P450 by profenofos. . Jpn J Vet Res. 2008 Aug;56(2):109-18.

The health hazards of individual organophosphorus insecticides have been characterized by their acute toxicity, mainly by investigating their cholinesterase inhibition.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10214458 Lakew K, Mekonnen Y: The health status of northern Omo State Farm workers exposed to chlorpyrifos and profenofos. Ethiop Med J. 1998 Jul;36(3):175-84.

The health effects of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides on cholinesterase (ChE) activities were assessed among 81 pest control workers from Northern Omo State Farm (Ethiopia), following the occupational use of Chlorpyrifos 25 and 48% ULV and Profenifos 250 EC/ULV.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19079407 Paudyal BP: Organophosphorus poisoning. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2008 Oct-Dec;47(172):251-8.


Metacid (Methyl parathion) and Nuvan (Dichlorovos) are commonly ingested OP pesticides; Dimethoate, Profenofos, and Chlorpyrifos are other less frequently ingested compounds in Nepal.
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