Protein Information

Name protein kinase C (protein family or complex)
Synonyms Protein kinase C; PKC

Compound Information

Name strychnine
CAS strychnidin-10-one

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
10841452 Wang DS, Xu TL, Li JS: 5-HT potentiates GABA- and glycine-activated chloride currents on the same neurons in rat spinal cord. J Hirnforsch. 1999;39(4):531-7.

Bicuculline (BIC) and strychnine (STR) suppressed I (GABA) and I (Gly) in a concentration-dependent manner, although they have different affinities for GABA and Gly. 5-HT potentiated both I (GABA) and I (Gly) via intracellular protein kinase C on the same neurons.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
11728420 Jeong HJ, Lee JJ, Hahm ET, Han SH, Min BI, Cho YW: Role of protein kinase C in opioid modulation of glycine-gated Cl (-) current in rat periaqueductal gray neuron. Eur J Pharmacol. 2001 Nov 16;431(2):143-50.

The glycine-gated Cl (-) current (I (Gly)) was sensitive to strychnine.
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10634876 Gibson IC, Berger AJ: Effect of ethanol upon respiratory-related hypoglossal nerve output of neonatal rat brain stem slices. J Neurophysiol. 2000 Jan;83(1):333-42.

Furthermore inhibition of protein kinase C by incubation with 100 nM staurosporine also reduced the efficacy of EtOH.
Application of either strychnine (5 microM) or bicuculline (5 microM) alone, partially but not significantly, reversed the inhibition of respiratory-related hypoglossal nerve activity produced by 50 mM EtOH.
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12372564 Li H, Kang JF, Li YQ: Serotonin potentiation of glycine-activated whole-cell currents in the superficial laminae neurons of the rat spinal dorsal horn is mediated by protein kinase C. Brain Res Bull. 2002 Sep 30;58(6):593-600.

Gly acted on strychnine (STR)-sensitive Gly receptors and elicited inward Cl (-) currents (I (Gly)) at a holding potential of -40 mV; (2). 5-HT potentiated I (Gly) without affecting the reversal potential of I (Gly); (3). the agonist (alpha-methyl-5-HT) and antagonist (ketanserine) of 5-HT (2) receptor mimicked and blocked the potentiating effect of 5-HT on I (Gly), respectively; (4). bisindolylmaleimide I (BIM), a selective inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), reduced the potentiating effect of 5-HT on I (Gly); and (5). 5-HT-induced enhancement of I (Gly) was not affected by pretreatment with 1,2-bis-(2-aminophenoxy) ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid tetrakis (acetoxy-methyl) ester (BAPTA AM), a Ca (2+) chelator.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
12405966 Chepkova AN, Doreulee N, Yanovsky Y, Mukhopadhyay D, Haas HL, Sergeeva OA: Long-lasting enhancement of corticostriatal neurotransmission by taurine. . Eur J Neurosci. 2002 Oct;16(8):1523-30.

The LLETAU was not prevented by N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)- or by GABAA receptor-antagonists, but was sensitive to the GlyR-antagonist strychnine and blocked by the competitive taurine uptake inhibitor guanidinoethylsulphonate (GES, 1 mm).
LLETAU depended on protein kinase C activation as it was blocked by chelerythrine, but was unaffected by trifluoperazine, and thus independent of calmodulin.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11498962 Wang DS, Xu TL, Li JS: Modulation of glycine-activated chloride currents by substance P in rat sacral dorsal commissural neurons. Sheng Li Xue Bao. 1999 Aug;51(4):361-70.

The modulatory effect of substance P (SP) on strychnine-sensitive glycine (Gly) response was examined in neurons acutely dissociated from the rat sacral dorsal commissural nucleus (SDCN) using nystatin perforated patch recording configuration under voltage-clamp conditions.
The facilitatory action of SP on IGly could also be abolished by pretreatment with chelerythrine or KN-62 in different neurons, a finding suggesting that protein kinase C (PKC) or Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II) possibly contributes to an intracellular pathway of SP in the augmentation of IGly.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12367623 Ye JH, Tao L, Zhu L, Krnjevic K, McArdle JJ: Decay of ethanol-induced suppression of glycine-activated current of ventral tegmental area neurons. Neuropharmacology. 2002 Sep;43(4):788-98.


We demonstrated previously that ethanol depresses glycine-induced currents in 45% of neurons freshly isolated from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of rats (), and that protein kinase C (PKC) modulates this action of ethanol ().
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17196941 Yan L, Suneja SK, Potashner SJ: Protein kinases regulate glycine receptor binding in brain stem auditory nuclei after unilateral cochlear ablation. Brain Res. 2007 Mar 2;1135(1):102-6. Epub 2007 Jan 2.

We found previously that unilateral cochlear ablation (UCA) in young adult guinea pigs decreased [3H] strychnine binding activity in several brain stem auditory nuclei.
This study determined if the UCA-induced deficit could be regulated by protein kinase C (PKC), protein kinase A (PKA) or Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10051215 Nabekura J, Xu TL, Rhee JS, Li JS, Akaike N: Alpha2-adrenoceptor-mediated enhancement of glycine response in rat sacral dorsal commissural neurons. Neuroscience. 1999 Mar;89(1):29-41.

In addition, noradrenaline potentiated the strychnine-sensitive postsynaptic currents evoked in a slice preparation of sacral dorsal commissural nucleus.
However, noradrenaline further enhanced the glycine response even in the presence of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate and chelerythrine, a protein kinase C inhibitor.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11784734 Svensson E, Grillner S, Parker D: Synaptically evoked membrane potential oscillations induced by substance P in lamprey motor neurons. J Neurophysiol. 2002 Jan;87(1):113-21.

The oscillations were blocked by the selective protein kinase C (PKC) antagonist chelerythrine.
Blocking glycinergic inputs with strychnine resulted in large depolarizing plateaus and bursts of spikes.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15572161 Aguayo LG, van Zundert B, Tapia JC, Carrasco MA, Alvarez FJ: Changes on the properties of glycine receptors during neuronal development. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 2004 Dec;47(1-3):33-45.

Parallel to these modifications, the apparent receptor affinity to glycine and strychnine, as well as that of Zn (2+) and ethanol increases with time.
The mature receptor is characterized by a slow desensitizing current and high sensitivity to modulation by protein kinase C.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9518725 Han Y, Slaughter MM: Protein kinases modulate two glycine currents in salamander retinal ganglion cells. J Physiol. 1998 May 1;508 ( Pt 3):681-90.

Nanomolar concentrations of strychnine selectively blocked the fast phase of the glycine current and reversed the effect of OAG, but not that of forskolin.
A protein kinase C (PKC) activator, OAG (1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol), also made the glycine response more transient.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11367678 Wang DS, Xu TL, Pang ZP, Li JS: [Enhancement of taurine-activated whole-cell currents by serotonin in rat sacral dorsal commissural neurons]. Sheng Li Xue Bao. 1998 Dec;50(6):656-62.

The results are as follows: (1) Tau acted on strychnine-sensitive glycine (Gly) receptors and elicited inward currents at a holding potential (VH) of -40 mV in SDCN neurons; (2) in a range of 0.01 to 100 mumol/L, 5-HT enhanced ITau in a concentration-dependent manner; (3) both the reversal potential of Tau and the binding affinity of Tau to Gly receptor were not affected by 5-HT; (4) when the neurons were loaded with 3 mumol/L chelerythrine, application of 1 mumol/L 5-HT failed to enhance ITau.
The above results thus indicate that intracellular PKC pathway is at least partially involved in the enhancement of ITau by 5-HT.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19244526 Miraucourt LS, Moisset X, Dallel R, Voisin DL: Glycine inhibitory dysfunction induces a selectively dynamic, morphine-resistant, and neurokinin 1 receptor- independent mechanical allodynia. J Neurosci. 2009 Feb 25;29(8):2519-27.

We recently provided a novel perspective on the mechanisms of this symptom by showing that a simple switch in trigeminal glycine synaptic inhibition can turn touch into pain by unmasking innocuous input to superficial dorsal horn nociceptive specific neurons through a local excitatory, NMDA-dependent neural circuit involving neurons expressing the gamma isoform of protein kinase C.
First, we showed that glycine disinhibition with strychnine selectively induced dynamic but not static mechanical allodynia.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7752562 Akagi H, Majima T, Uchiyama M: Function and modulation of the cloned glycine receptor channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Jpn J Physiol. 1994;44 Suppl 2:S91-6.

Homomeric glycine receptor channels consisting of alpha 1 or alpha 2 subunit expressed in Xenopus oocytes had an ability to generate Cl- currents, and the currents were suppressed by strychnine, a selective antagonist.
The currents generated through homomeric alpha 1 receptor channels were augmented in the presence of Zn2+ (100 nM to 10 microM), and depressed by 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (10 nM), an activator of protein kinase C.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9593814 Wang DS, Xu TL, Pang ZP, Li JS, Akaike N: Taurine-activated chloride currents in the rat sacral dorsal commissural neurons. Brain Res. 1998 May 4;792(1):41-7.

Strychnine (STR), picrotoxin (PIC), bicuculline (BIC) and Zn2+ suppressed the ITau in a concentration-dependent manner.
Serotonin potentiated the ITau via protein kinase C.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10082275 Ren J, Ye JH, Liu PL, Krnjevic K, McArdle JJ: Cocaine decreases the glycine-induced Cl- current of acutely dissociated rat hippocampal neurons. Eur J Pharmacol. 1999 Feb 12;367(1):125-30.


The cocaine suppression of I (GLY) was unaffected by 1 microM tetrodotoxin and 1 microM strychnine.
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8035343 Aguayo LG, Pancetti FC: Ethanol modulation of the gamma-aminobutyric acidA- and glycine-activated Cl- current in cultured mouse neurons. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1994 Jul;270(1):61-9.


Ethanol also potentiated a strychnine-sensitive glycine-activated Cl- current in hippocampal and spinal neurons.
0(0,0,0,0) Details