| Name | glutamate receptor |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | GRINL1A; GUP1; GUP2; GRINL1A combined protein; GRINL1A combined protein Gcom10; GRINL1A combined protein Gcom10 precursor; GRINL1A combined protein Gcom11; GRINL1A combined protein Gcom11 precursor… |
| Name | strychnine |
|---|---|
| CAS | strychnidin-10-one |
| PubMed | Abstract | RScore(About this table) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 9224858 | Hu RQ, Davies JA: Glutamate receptor antagonists reduce spontaneous epileptiform activity in cortical wedges prepared from DBA/2 mice. Exp Brain Res. 1997 Jun;115(2):311-8. The (NMDA) receptor antagonist 3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-propenyl-1-phosphonic acid (CPP) and the non-competitive NMDA receptor channel blocker ketamine produced a significant reduction of these spontaneous depolarizations. 7-Chlorokynurenic acid (7-CKA), an antagonist at the strychnine-insensitive site on the NMDA receptor, also exerted an inhibitory effect. |
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| 8234367 | Sladeczek F, Momiyama A, Takahashi T: Presynaptic inhibitory action of a metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist on excitatory transmission in visual cortical neurons. Proc Biol Sci. 1993 Sep 22;253(1338):297-303. |
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| 14988037 | Huang H, Luo DG, Shen Y, Zhang AJ, Yang R, Yang XL: AMPA receptor is involved in transmission of cone signal to ON bipolar cells in carp retina. Brain Res. 2004 Mar 26;1002(1-2):86-93. The present work focuses on characterization of glutamate receptor subtypes mediating cone signal transmission to ON bipolar cells (BCs) in the carp retina, using intracellular recording techniques. The effects of AMPA were reversed by coapplication of GYKI 52466, an AMPA receptor selective non-competitive antagonist, but persisted in the presence of picrotoxin and strychnine. |
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| 10974307 | Chen J, Heinke B, Sandkuhler J: Activation of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors induces long-term depression at sensory synapses in superficial spinal dorsal horn. Neuropharmacology. 2000 Sep;39(12):2231-43. In the presence of bicuculline and strychnine, bath application of (1S,3R)-1-aminocyclopentane-1, 3-dicarboxylic acid ((1S,3R)-ACPD) or the specific group I mGluR agonist (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine ((S)-3,5- but not the specific group II mGluR agonist (2S,2'R,3'R)-2-(2', 3'-dicarboxycyclopropyl) (DCG-IV) for 20 min produced an acute and a long-term depression of synaptic strength. |
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| 9928321 | Kudo N, Nishimaru H: Reorganization of locomotor activity during development in the prenatal rat. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1998 Nov 16;860:306-17. The spontaneous activity was not blocked by the glutamate receptor blocker, although it was completely abolished by strychnine, the glycine receptor antagonist. |
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| 12401451 | Meier J, Juttner R, Kirischuk S, Grantyn R: Synaptic anchoring of glycine receptors in developing collicular neurons under control of metabotropic glutamate receptor activity. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2002 Oct;21(2):324-40. Two distinct stages of inhibitory synaptogenesis in cultured collicular neurons were defined on the basis of strychnine sensitivity of IPSCs, presence of EPSCs, KCC2 expression, and transmitter-induced Ca (2+) responses. |
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| 18216222 | Liu T, Fujita T, Nakatsuka T, Kumamoto E: Phospholipase A2 activation enhances inhibitory synaptic transmission in rat substantia gelatinosa neurons. J Neurophysiol. 2008 Mar;99(3):1274-84. Epub 2008 Jan 23. The former action is mediated by glutamate-receptor activation and neuronal activity increase, possibly the facilitatory effect of PLA (2) activation on excitatory transmission, whereas the latter action is due to PLA (2) and subsequent lipoxygenase activation and is independent of extracellular Ca (2+). |
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| 7908643 | Bonanno G, Vallebuona F, Donadini F, Fontana G, Fedele E, Raiteri M: Heterocarrier-mediated reciprocal modulation of and release in rat cerebral cortex and spinal cord synaptosomes. Eur J Pharmacol. 1994 Jan 24;252(1):61-7. The Gly effects were insensitive to strychnine or to 7-Cl- antagonists at the two known Gly receptors, but they were strongly Na+ dependent. |
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| 10465348 | Shuto H, Kataoka Y, Fujisaki K, Nakao T, Sueyasu M, Miura I, Watanabe Y, Fujiwara M, Oishi R: Inhibition of system involved in cyclosporine-induced convulsions. . Life Sci. 1999;65(9):879-87. Cyclosporine (50 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly enhanced the intensity of convulsions induced by bicuculline (GABA receptor antagonist), but not those induced by strychnine (glycine receptor antagonist), quisqualic acid or kainic acid (glutamate receptor agonists). |
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| 9092952 | White HS: Clinical significance of animal seizure models and mechanism of action studies of potential antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsia. 1997;38 Suppl 1:S9-17. FBM appears to be active at the strychnine-insensitive binding site of the NMDA receptor. TPM is active on the kainate/AMPA subtype of glutamate receptor and at a potentially novel site on the (A) receptor. |
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| 11784734 | Svensson E, Grillner S, Parker D: Synaptically evoked membrane potential oscillations induced by substance P in lamprey motor neurons. J Neurophysiol. 2002 Jan;87(1):113-21. The glutamate receptor antagonist abolished the substance-P-evoked oscillations, suggesting that they were dependent on release. Blocking glycinergic inputs with strychnine resulted in large depolarizing plateaus and bursts of spikes. |
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| 12957225 | Matsumoto K, Nomura H, Murakami Y, Taki K, Takahata H, Watanabe H: Long-term social isolation enhances picrotoxin seizure susceptibility in mice: up-regulatory role of endogenous brain in GABAergic systems. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2003 Jul;75(4):831-5. Social isolation of mice for 7 weeks prior to the experiments caused a significant increase of seizure susceptibility to the (A) receptor antagonist picrotoxin but not to the glycine receptor antagonist strychnine or the glutamate receptor agonist kainic acid. |
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| 9464928 | Kotak VC, Sanes DH: Deafferentation weakens excitatory synapses in the developing central auditory system. Eur J Neurosci. 1997 Nov;9(11):2340-7. To study the efficacy of excitatory synapses in greater detail, voltage-clamp recordings were made in the presence of strychnine and AP-5 [D (O)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid]. |
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| 11516417 | Su CK: Intraspinal amino acid neurotransmitter activities are involved in the generation of rhythmic sympathetic nerve discharge in newborn rat spinal cord. Brain Res. 2001 Jun 15;904(1):112-25. In contrast, strychnine (Stry, glycine receptor antagonist) consistently reduced qSND in a dose-dependent manner. |
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| 7970183 | Hunter JC, Singh L: Role of excitatory amino acid receptors in the mediation of the nociceptive response to formalin in the rat. Neurosci Lett. 1994 Jun 20;174(2):217-21. The relative contribution of the / allosteric site and non- (AMPA) types of glutamate receptor to the acute and tonic phases of the behavioural nociceptive response to formalin has been studied in the rat. In contrast, the strychnine-insensitive site partial agonist (+)-HA-966 and the competitive antagonist CGS 19755 preferentially attenuated the tonic nociceptive phase. |
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| 15993440 | Ghavanini AA, Mathers DA, Puil E: Glycinergic inhibition in thalamus revealed by synaptic receptor blockade. . Neuropharmacology. 2005 Sep;49(3):338-49. Using juvenile rat brain slices, we examined the possibility that strychnine-sensitive receptors for -like amino acids contributed to synaptic inhibition in ventrobasal thalamus, where is the prevalent inhibitory transmitter. Using glutamate receptor antagonists, we isolated inhibitory postsynaptic potentials and currents (IPSPs and IPSCs) evoked by high-threshold stimulation of medial lemniscus. |
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| 11054688 | Panigrahy A, Rosenberg PA, Assmann S, Foley EC, Kinney HC: Differential expression of glutamate receptor subtypes in human brainstem sites involved in perinatal hypoxia-ischemia. J Comp Neurol. 2000 Nov 13;427(2):196-208. |
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| 9744942 | Tian N, Hwang TN, Copenhagen DR: Analysis of excitatory and inhibitory spontaneous synaptic activity in mouse retinal ganglion cells. J Neurophysiol. 1998 Sep;80(3):1327-40. Glutamate receptor-mediated sEPSCs had an average rise time of 0.50 +/- 0.20 ms (n = 109) and an average monoexponential decay time constant of 5.9 +/- 8.6 ms (n = 2705). |
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| 9202334 | Matoba M, Tomita U, Nishikawa T: Characterization of 5,7-dichlorokynurenate-insensitive D-[3H] serine binding to synaptosomal fraction isolated from rat brain tissues. J Neurochem. 1997 Jul;69(1):399-405. To explore target sites for endogenous that are different from the site of the type glutamate receptor, we have studied the binding of D-[3H] serine to the synaptosomal P2 fraction prepared from the rat brain and peripheral tissues in the presence of an excess concentration (100 microM) of the site antagonist 5,7-dichlorokynurenate (DCK). Strychnine and 7-chlorokynurenate failed to inhibit the binding at 10 microM. |
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| 14770276 | Wejksza K, Rzeski W, Parada-Turska J, Zdzisinska B, Rejdak R, Kocki T, Okuno E, Kandefer-Szerszen M, Zrenner E, Turski WA: production in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2004 Mar;369(3):300-4. Epub 2004 Feb 10. The selective ionotropic glutamate receptor agonists alpha-amino-2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-oxo-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and were ineffective in this respect. (KYNA) is a broad-spectrum antagonist at all subtypes of ionotropic glutamate receptors, but is preferentially active at the strychnine-insensitive allosteric site of the (NMDA) receptor and is also a non-competitive antagonist at the alpha7 nicotinic receptor. |
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| 11160487 | Terman GW, Eastman CL, Chavkin C: Mu opiates inhibit long-term potentiation induction in the spinal cord slice. J Neurophysiol. 2001 Feb;85(2):485-94. Transverse slices were made from the lumbar spinal cord of 10- to 17-day-old rats, placed in a recording chamber, and perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid also containing bicuculline (10 microM) and strychnine (1 microM). Only LT-evoked field potentials were found to be reliably inhibited by the mu opioid receptor agonist [D- (2), N-Me- (4), Gly (5)] enkephalin-ol (DAMGO, 1 microM), although evoked potentials from both DR and LT were blocked by the AMPA/kainate glutamate receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxalene-2,3-dione. |
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| 11698544 | Bourque MJ, Kolta A: Properties and interconnections of trigeminal interneurons of the lateral pontine reticular formation in the rat. J Neurophysiol. 2001 Nov;86(5):2583-96. All EPSPs induced by stimulation of PeriV, PCRt, or NVmt were sensitive to ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists 6-cyano-7-dinitroquinoxaline and D,L-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid, while IPSPs were blocked by bicuculline and strychnine, antagonists of (A) and glycine receptors. All EPSPs induced by stimulation of PeriV, PCRt, or NVmt were sensitive to ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists 6-cyano-7-dinitroquinoxaline and D,L-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid, while IPSPs were blocked by bicuculline and strychnine, antagonists of (A) and glycine receptors. |
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| 10624061 | Ohta M, Sasamoto K, Kuraoka N, Nishimuta K: activates neuronal discharges and rhythmical jaw movements in the rat. Fukuoka Igaku Zasshi. 1999 Nov;90(11):418-33. Glutamate receptor blocking agents, cyano-nitroquinoxaline-dione and D-amino-phosphono- were examined and the former was more effective on 17 neurons although the latter was more effective on three and both were equally effective on 13. Inhibitory synaptic mechanism is not necessary for RJM-generation since bicuculline or strychnine did not significantly alter the rhythmical pattern of activity in any neuron. |
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| 10938323 | Chery N, De Koninck Y: GABA (B) receptors are the first target of released GABA at lamina I inhibitory synapses in the adult rat spinal cord. J Neurophysiol. 2000 Aug;84(2):1006-11. Focal stimulation in the vicinity of visually identified lamina I neurons elicited monosynaptic IPSCs in the presence of ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists. |
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| 7574061 | Bansinath M, Shukla VK, Turndorf H: Propofol modulates the effects of chemoconvulsants acting at GABAergic, glycinergic, and glutamate receptor subtypes. Anesthesiology. 1995 Oct;83(4):809-15. The main objective of this study was to characterize the effect of propofol pretreatment on convulsions induced by picrotoxin, bicuculline, and strychnine, all which decrease inhibitory neurotransmission, and by kainic acid, and quisqualic acid, which enhance excitatory neurotransmission. |
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| 15229213 | Wong KY, Adolph AR, Dowling JE: Retinal bipolar cell input mechanisms in giant danio. J Neurophysiol. 2005 Jan;93(1):84-93. Epub 2004 Jun 30. Picrotoxin, strychnine, and tetrodotoxin were used to isolate the effects of the analogs to the photoreceptor-bipolar cell synapse. Under photopic conditions, the group III metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) antagonist (RS)-alpha-cyclopropyl-4-phosphonophenylglycine (CPPG) only slightly reduced the b-wave, whereas the excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT) blocker dl-threo-beta-benzyl-oxyaspartate (TBOA) removed most of it. |
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| 8052412 | Saransaari P, Oja SS: Regulation of D- release by and GABA receptors in cerebral cortical slices from developing and ageing mice. Neuroscience. 1994 May;60(1):191-8. Kainate, and quisqualate (0.1 mM) stimulated the basal release of D- in the cerebral cortex of seven-day-old mice, the effects of kainate and being reduced by their antagonists 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) and dizocilpine respectively, indicating that in the immature cerebral cortex the kainate and types of the glutamate receptor are involved in the basal release. The effect was strychnine-insensitive, characteristic of the modulatory site in the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. |
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| 10228452 | Micheli F, Di Fabio R, Capelli AM, Cugola A, Curcuruto O, Feriani A, Gastaldi P, Gaviraghi G, Marchioro C, Orlandi A, Pozzan A, Quaglia AM, Reggiani A, van Amsterdam F: Cycloalkyl -2-carboxylates as useful tools for mapping the "north-eastern" region of the binding site associated with the NMDA receptor. Arch Pharm. 1999 Mar;332(3):73-80. Among the derivatives prepared, 3-[2-(1-adamantylaminocarbonyl) ethenyl]-4,6-dichloroindole-2 -carboxylic acid 6b and 3-[2-(norbornylaminocarbonyl) ethenyl]-4,6-dichloroindole-2-c arboxylic acid 6l were found to be antagonists acting at the strychnine-insensitive binding site, showing nanomolar affinity for the binding site (Ki = 63 and 19 nM, respectively), coupled with high glutamate receptor selectivity (IC50 > 10 (-5) M at the AMPA, KA binding sites) and high in vivo potency after systemic administration by inhibition of convulsion induced by in mice. |
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| 17537680 | Li DP, Yang Q: Membrane and synaptic properties of nucleus tractus solitarius neurons projecting to the caudal ventrolateral medulla. Auton Neurosci. 2007 Oct 30;136(1-2):69-81. Epub 2007 May 29. Bath application of an ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonist and a non-NMDA receptor antagonist CNQX significantly decreased the firing activity in the majority of labeled NTS neurons. While the glycine receptor antagonist strychnine had no effect on the firing activity, blockade of (A) receptors with bicuculline significantly increased the firing rate in the majority of labeled NTS neurons. |
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| 8558453 | Standaert DG, Testa CM, Rudolf GD, Hollingsworth ZR: Inhibition of glutamate receptor subunit expression by antisense oligonucleotides reveals their role in striatal motor regulation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1996 Jan;276(1):342-52. After NMDAR1 antisense ODN injection, striatal binding of 3H- to sites was not altered, although strychnine-insensitive 3H- binding sites exhibited a small but significant reduction. |
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| 12213259 | Wong JY, Ross SA, McColl C, Massalas JS, Powney E, Finkelstein DI, Clark M, Horne MK, Berkovic SF, Drago J: Proconvulsant-induced seizures in alpha (4) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit knockout mice. Neuropharmacology. 2002 Jul;43(1):55-64. We investigated the response of alpha (4) nAChR subunit knockout mice to the (GABA) receptor antagonists; pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and bicuculline (BIC), the glutamate receptor agonist kainic acid (KA), the glycine receptor antagonist strychnine and the K (+) channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP). |
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| 8624016 | Onaka M, Minami T, Nishihara I, Ito S: Involvement of glutamate receptors in strychnine- and bicuculline-induced allodynia in conscious mice. Anesthesiology. 1996 May;84(5):1215-22. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that both strychnine- and bicuculline-evoked allodynia were mediated through pathways that include the glutamate receptor and systems but in a different manner. the current study suggests that and may modulate responses to an innocuous tactile stimulus as inhibitory neurotransmitters at presynaptic and postsynaptic sites in the spinal cord, respectively. |
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| 10890022 | Nishikawa T, Yamamoto N, Tsuchida H, Umino A, Kawaguchi N: [Endogenous in mammalian brains] . Nihon Shinkei Seishin Yakurigaku Zasshi. 2000 Feb;20(1):33-9. It is well established that, like and D- potentiates neurotransmission via the (NMDA) receptor by selective stimulation of its strychnine-insensitive site and acts as a co-agonist of the glutamate receptor. |
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| 9083472 | Di Fabio R, Capelli AM, Conti N, Cugola A, Donati D, Feriani A, Gastaldi P, Gaviraghi G, Hewkin CT, Micheli F, Missio A, Mugnaini M, Pecunioso A, Quaglia AM, Ratti E, Rossi L, Tedesco G, Trist DG, Reggiani A: Substituted -2-carboxylates as in vivo potent antagonists acting as the strychnine-insensitive binding site. J Med Chem. 1997 Mar 14;40(6):841-50. A series of -2-carboxylates bearing suitable chains at the C-3 position of the nucleus was synthesized and evaluated in terms of in vitro affinity using [3H] binding assay and in vivo potency by inhibition of convulsions induced by in mice. 3-[2-[(Phenylamino) carbonyl] ethenyl]-4,6-dichloroindole-2-carboxyl ic acid (8) was an antagonist at the strychnine-insensitive binding site (noncompetitive inhibition of the binding of [3H] TCP, pA2 = 8.1) displaying nanomolar affinity for the binding site (pKi = 8.5), coupled with high glutamate receptor selectivity (> 1000-fold relative to the affinity at the AMPA, and kainate binding sites). |
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| 19782664 | Yin H, Lee KE, Park SA, Bhattarai JP, Suh BJ, Jeon JG, Kim BG, Park SJ, Han SK: Inhibitory effects of somatostatin on the substantia gelatinosa neurons of trigeminal subnucleus caudalis via somatostatin type 2 receptors in juvenile mice. Brain Res. 2009 Dec 22;1304:49-56. Epub 2009 Sep 24. The SST-induced hyperpolarizing response was maintained in the presence of TTX (Na (+) channel blocker), AP-5 (NMDA receptor antagonist), CNQX (non- glutamate receptor antagonist), picrotoxin (A) receptor antagonist) and strychnine (glycine receptor antagonist), respectively, suggesting that SST has direct effects on the postsynaptic SG neurons. |
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| 12743679 | Gandolfi O, Voltattorni M, Gaggi R, Dall'Olio R: Repeated administration of the novel antipsychotic does not modulate -sensitive and 5HT2 serotonin receptors in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2003 Jun;367(6):615-20. Epub 2003 May 13. Since the binding of the radiolabelled channel blocker [3H]-MK801 is generally considered an affordable index of -sensitive glutamate receptor activation, we examined the effects of clinically effective treatment (3 weeks, daily administration) of the atypical antipsychotic drug (32 micromol/kg/5 ml) on the specific binding of [3H]-MK801 specific binding and on the strychnine-insensitive sites B) in synaptic plasma membranes (SPM) prepared from the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of rats sacrificed after different (24, 60, 120 h) washout periods. |
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| 9466452 | Lin HH, Wu SY, Lai CC, Dun NJ: - and -mediated inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in neonatal rat rostral ventrolateral medulla neurons in vitro. Neuroscience. 1998 Jan;82(2):429-42. Of the 13 spinally projecting and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase-positive medullary neurons, focal stimulation elicited in the presence of glutamate receptor antagonists an inhibitory postsynaptic potential in nine neurons. Inhibitory synaptic potentials were reversibly eliminated by the (A) receptor antagonist bicuculline (10-20 microM) in six of nine neurons, by the glycine receptor antagonist strychnine (0.1-1 microM) in two and by a combination of bicuculline and strychnine in one neuron. |
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| 7807141 | Rodriguez-Ithurralde D, Vincent O: Excitotoxicity and cholinergic chemical markers during programmed motor neurone death. J Neurol Sci. 1994 Jul;124 Suppl:52-3. We measured cholinergic markers and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) molecular forms after glutamate receptor stimulation of superfused slices of mouse spinal cord at different developmental ages. Strychnine-resistant stimulation potentiated -induced AChE release, suggesting (NMDA) receptor involvement. |
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| 7472446 | Kandler K, Friauf E: Development of glycinergic and glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the auditory brainstem of perinatal rats. J Neurosci. 1995 Oct;15(10):6890-904. Regardless of their polarity, contralaterally elicited PSPs were reversibly blocked by the glycine receptor antagonist strychnine. They had a positive reversal potential and could be completely blocked by the non- glutamate receptor antagonist CNQX. |
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| 7947393 | Boatright JH, Rubim NM, Iuvone PM: Regulation of endogenous release in amphibian retina by and Vis Neurosci. 1994 Sep-Oct;11(5):1003-12. Additionally, both strychnine and 7-chlorokynurenate, an antagonist of the strychnine-insensitive -binding site of the subtype of glutamate receptor, suppressed light-evoked release. |
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| 9819238 | Moore DR, Kotak VC, Sanes DH: Commissural and lemniscal synaptic input to the gerbil inferior colliculus. J Neurophysiol. 1998 Nov;80(5):2229-36. Excitatory and inhibitory synaptic responses were characterized by sequentially exposing the slice to ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists [6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) + aminophosphonpentanoic acid (AP-5), or a gamma-aminobutryic acid type A receptor antagonist (bicuculline), and a glycine receptor antagonist (strychnine). |
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| 14523604 | Taccola G, Marchetti C, Nistri A: Effect of metabotropic glutamate receptor activity on rhythmic discharges of the neonatal rat spinal cord in vitro. Exp Brain Res. 2003 Dec;153(3):388-93. Epub 2003 Oct 2. The regular, synchronous bursting emerging in the presence of strychnine and bicuculline was accelerated by t-ACPD with a commensurate decrease in single burst length, an effect antagonized by MCPG which per se did not affect bursting. |
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| 11882376 | Jiang MC, Alheid GF, Nunzi MG, Houk JC: Cerebellar input to magnocellular neurons in the red nucleus of the mouse: synaptic analysis in horizontal brain slices incorporating cerebello-rubral pathways. Neuroscience. 2002;110(1):105-21. Excitatory components of the evoked potentials were studied after blocking inhibitory components with picrotoxin (100 microM) and strychnine (5 microM). All RNm neurons examined continued to show monosynaptic EPSPs after non- glutamate receptor components were blocked with 10 microM 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione or 5 microM 2,3-dihydro-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo (f)-quinoxaline (NBQX; n=12). |
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| 17110030 | Han SK, Park JR, Park SA, Chun SW, Lee JC, Lee SY, Ryu PD, Park SJ: inhibits substantia gelatinosa neurons in mice trigeminal subnucleus caudalis via alpha (2) and beta adrenoceptors. Neurosci Lett. 2007 Jan 10;411(2):92-7. Epub 2006 Nov 15. NA-induced hyperpolarizing effects were maintained in the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX), 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX), d,l-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP5), picrotoxin and strychnine, a Na (+) channel, ionotropic glutamate receptor, (A) and glycine receptor antagonists, respectively, indicating that the effects of NA are direct on the postsynaptic SG neurons. |
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| 19023642 | Hamasu K, Shigemi K, Tsuneyoshi Y, Yamane H, Sato H, Denbow DM, Furuse M: Intracerebroventricular injection of and D- induces sedative and hypnotic effects by different mechanisms under an acute stressful condition in chicks. Amino Acids. 2010 Jan;38(1):57-64. Epub 2008 Nov 21. To clarify the mechanism by which and D- induce sedative and hypnotic effects, the contribution of the strychnine-sensitive glycine receptor (glycine receptor) and glutamate receptor (NMDA receptor) were further investigated. |
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| 12163521 | Rozzo A, Ballerini L, Abbate G, Nistri A: Experimental and modeling studies of novel bursts induced by blocking na (+) pump and synaptic inhibition in the rat spinal cord. J Neurophysiol. 2002 Aug;88(2):676-91. The strophanthidin rhythm was abolished by glutamate receptor antagonists or tetrodotoxin, indicating its network origin. |
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| 18199816 | Suwabe T, Fukami H, Bradley RM: Synaptic responses of neurons controlling the parotid and von Ebner salivary glands in rats to stimulation of the solitary nucleus and tract. J Neurophysiol. 2008 Mar;99(3):1267-73. Epub 2008 Jan 16. Use of glutamate receptor antagonists indicated that both AMPA and (NMDA) receptors are involved in the evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs). Addition of the antagonist strychnine did not affect the amplitude of the IPSPs significantly. |
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| 10591893 | Miyazaki M, Tanaka I, Ezure K: Excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs shape the discharge pattern of pump neurons of the nucleus tractus solitarii in the rat. Exp Brain Res. 1999 Nov;129(2):191-200. Third, IE facilitation was diminished by applications of the glutamate receptor antagonists D-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV) and dizocilpine (MK-801). First, the antagonist strychnine and the (A) antagonist bicuculline were applied to identify the neurotransmitters acting in eI suppression. |
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| 9819241 | Liu YB, Ye GL, Liu XS, Pasternak JF, Trommer BL: GABAA currents in immature dentate gyrus granule cells. J Neurophysiol. 1998 Nov;80(5):2255-67. It is predominantly mediated, has a relative / permeability ratio of 26%, and is unchanged by bath-applied saclofen and strychnine or by intracellular chelation. The first, pharmacologically isolated by glutamate receptor blockade, is the product of direct activation of interneurons with monosynaptic input to the recorded GC (monosynaptic GABAA). |
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| 15790752 | Mueller PJ, Foley CM, Vogl HW, Hay M, Hasser EM: Cardiovascular response to a group III mGluR agonist in NTS requires NMDA receptors. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2005 Jul;289(1):R198-208. Epub 2005 Mar 24. Previous studies have demonstrated that microinjection of the putative group III metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonist, l (+)-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (L-AP4), into the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) produces depressor and sympathoinhibitory responses. Microinjection of (0.02-20 mM) failed to mimic sympathoinhibitory responses to L-AP4, even in the presence of the inhibitory antagonist, strychnine (3 mM). |
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| 18691329 | Chapman RJ, Issberner JP, Sillar KT: Group I mGluRs increase locomotor network excitability in Xenopus tadpoles via presynaptic inhibition of glycinergic neurotransmission. Eur J Neurosci. 2008 Sep;28(5):903-13. Epub 2008 Aug 8. The group I metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist (S)-3,5-dihyroxyphenylglycine increases the frequency of rhythmic swimming activity in Xenopus tadpoles. Applications of the glycine receptor antagonist strychnine occluded the effects of providing preliminary evidence that group I receptors affect motor network output by reducing glycinergic transmission. |
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| 7595597 | Rodriguez-Ithurralde D, Olivera S, Migues V, Vincent O, Salazar R: Glutamate-receptor elicited acetylcholinesterase release in mouse spinal cord slice: a model of early excitotoxic injury. J Neurol Sci. 1995 May;129 Suppl:104-6. In the immature slice, potentiated GLU elicited AChE release in the presence of strychnine, suggesting (NMDA) receptor involvement. |
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| 7881731 | Clarke PB, Reuben M: Inhibition by dizocilpine (MK-801) of striatal release induced by MPTP and MPP+: possible action at the dopamine transporter. Br J Pharmacol. 1995 Jan;114(2):315-22. In this assay, (even in the absence of Mg2+ and with added and strychnine) did not evoked [3H]- release. 4. The -type glutamate receptor antagonist, dizocilpine (MK-801) can protect against neurotoxicity associated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and its principal metabolite, the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+). |
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| 9498236 | Hantzschel A, Andreas K: Efficacy of glutamate receptor antagonists in the management of functional disorders in cytotoxic brain oedema induced by hexachlorophene. Pharmacol Toxicol. 1998 Feb;82(2):80-8. Similar effects were observed with 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) in the dose of 0.8 mg/kg intraperitoneally, an antagonist interacting both with the strychnine-insensitive binding site for within the NMDA receptor complex and with the kainate (+/-)-alpha-amino-3--5-methylisoxazole-4- (AMPA) receptor complex. |
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| 8899663 | Rodriguez-Ithurralde D, Olivera S, La Paz A, Vincent O, Rondeau A: effects on glutamate-receptor elicited acetylcholinesterase release from slices and synaptosomes of the spinal ventral horn. J Neurol Sci. 1996 Aug;139 Suppl:76-82. GLY potentiated the GEAR response in the presence of strychnine, suggesting (NMDA) receptor involvement, and was also able to evoke a strychnine-sensitive AChE release in the absence of exogenous GLU. |
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| 11877523 | Chattipakorn SC, McMahon LL: Pharmacological characterization of -gated currents recorded in rat hippocampal slices. J Neurophysiol. 2002 Mar;87(3):1515-25. Furthermore, the same concentration of zinc that potentiates I (gly) suppressed currents mediated by the subtype of the glutamate receptor. An inhibitory role for strychnine-sensitive -gated channels (GlyRs) in mature hippocampus has been overlooked, largely due to the misconception that GlyR expression ceases early during development and to few functional studies demonstrating their presence. |
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| 9080374 | Russo RE, Nagy F, Hounsgaard J: Modulation of plateau properties in dorsal horn neurones in a slice preparation of the turtle spinal cord. J Physiol. 1997 Mar 1;499 ( Pt 2):459-74. The selective agonist for the type I metabotropic glutamate receptor ((RS)-3,5-dihydrophenylglycine 50 microM)) reproduced all the effects of ACPD. 5. The tetanic stimulus facilitated wind-up and after-discharges even when fast synaptic transmission was blocked by 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX, 10-20 microM), (+/-)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP5, 100 microM), bicuculline (10-20 microM) and strychnine (5-20 microM). 2. |
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| 10718754 | Bloomfield SA, Xin D: Surround inhibition of mammalian AII amacrine cells is generated in the proximal retina. J Physiol. 2000 Mar 15;523 Pt 3:771-83. Application of the antagonist, strychnine, had only minor and variable effects on AII cell responses. Application of the metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist, APB, reversibly blocked both the on-centre and off-surround responses of AII cells. |
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| 8401927 | Ishida M, Saitoh T, Shimamoto K, Ohfune Y, Shinozaki H: A novel metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist: marked depression of monosynaptic excitation in the newborn rat isolated spinal cord. Br J Pharmacol. 1993 Aug;109(4):1169-77. Depression of monosynaptic excitation caused by DCG-IV was not affected by any known pharmacological agents, including 2-amino-3-phosphonopropanoic acid (AP3), diazepam, 2-hydroxysaclofen, picrotoxin and strychnine. 6. |
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| 8836233 | Hartveit E: Membrane currents evoked by ionotropic glutamate receptor agonists in rod bipolar cells in the rat retinal slice preparation. J Neurophysiol. 1996 Jul;76(1):401-22. The conductance increase evoked by non-NMDA receptor agonists could not be blocked by a combination of 100 microM picrotoxin and 10 microM strychnine. |
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| 10747188 | Connaughton VP, Nelson R: Axonal stratification patterns and -gated conductance mechanisms in zebrafish retinal bipolar cells. J Physiol. 2000 Apr 1;524 Pt 1:135-46. Whole-cell patch recording and puff pipette techniques were used to identify glutamate receptor mechanisms on bipolar cell (BC) dendrites in the zebrafish retinal slice. |
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| 8951717 | Nishimaru H, Iizuka M, Ozaki S, Kudo N: Spontaneous motoneuronal activity mediated by and in the spinal cord of rat fetuses in vitro. J Physiol. 1996 Nov 15;497 ( Pt 1):131-43. The glycine receptor antagonist strychnine (10 microM) completely blocked spontaneous bursts at E14.5-15.5. |
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| 9636118 | Cleland TA, Selverston AI: Inhibitory glutamate receptor channels in cultured lobster stomatogastric neurons. J Neurophysiol. 1998 Jun;79(6):3189-96. The IGluR was weakly blocked by the chloride channel blocker and the excitatory glutamate receptor antagonist6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX), but was not inhibited by bicuculline methiodide, strychnine, gamma--glutamylglycine, or |
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| 7834343 | Ball EF, Shaw PJ, Ince PG, Johnson M: The distribution of excitatory amino acid receptors in the normal human midbrain and basal ganglia with implications for Parkinson's disease: a quantitative autoradiographic study using [3H] MK-801, [3H] [3H] CNQX and [3H] kainate. Brain Res. 1994 Sep 26;658(1-2):209-18. In PD, glutamate receptor activation may contribute to cell death of dopaminergic neurones in the substantia nigra. In the substantia nigra relatively high densities of [3H] MK-801 and strychnine-insensitive [3H] binding sites representing NMDA receptors were present, whereas only moderate densities of [3H] CNQX and [3H] kainate binding sites were present, compared to other regions. |
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| 8223944 | Johansen TH, Drejer J, Watjen F, Nielsen EO: A novel non-NMDA receptor antagonist shows selective displacement of low-affinity [3H] kainate binding. Eur J Pharmacol. 1993 Aug 15;246(3):195-204. 5-Nitro-6,7,8,9-tetrahydrobenzo [G] -2,3-dione-3-oxime (NS-102), a new competitive glutamate receptor antagonist displaced binding to non- (non- binding sites with no activity at the and strychnine-insensitive binding sites. |
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| 16467527 | Kato G, Yasaka T, Katafuchi T, Furue H, Mizuno M, Iwamoto Y, Yoshimura M: Direct GABAergic and glycinergic inhibition of the substantia gelatinosa from the rostral ventromedial medulla revealed by in vivo patch-clamp analysis in rats. J Neurosci. 2006 Feb 8;26(6):1787-94. Serotonin receptor antagonists were unexpectedly without effect, but a GABAA receptor antagonist, bicuculline, or a glycine receptor antagonist, strychnine, completely suppressed the RVM stimulation-induced increase in IPSCs. |
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| 11152721 | Aoki F, Wannier T, Grillner S: Slow dorsal-ventral rhythm generator in the lamprey spinal cord. . J Neurophysiol. 2001 Jan;85(1):211-8. In the isolated lamprey spinal cord, a very slow rhythm (0.03-0.11 Hz), superimposed on fast -induced locomotor activity (0.26-2.98 Hz), could be induced by a blockade of (A) or glycine receptors or by administration of (1 s, 3 s)-l-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid a metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist. |
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| 14673187 | Whyment AD, Wilson JM, Renaud LP, Spanswick D: Activation and integration of bilateral -mediated synaptic inputs in neonatal rat sympathetic preganglionic neurones in vitro. J Physiol. 2004 Feb 15;555(Pt 1):189-203. Epub 2003 Dec 12. In the presence of glutamate receptor antagonists (NBQX, 5 microm and D-APV, 10 microm), electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral or contralateral lateral funiculi (iLF and cLF, respectively) revealed monosynaptic inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) in 75% and 65% of SPNs, respectively. In three neurones IPSPs evoked by stimulation of the iLF (n = 1) or cLF (n = 2) were partly sensitive to strychnine (2 microM). |
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| 7538566 | Grant GB, Dowling JE: -activated current in cone-driven ON bipolar cells of the white perch retina. J Neurosci. 1995 May;15(5 Pt 2):3852-62. IGlu was not blocked by 100 microM picrotoxin or 1 microM strychnine, indicating that it was not caused by inhibitory input. |
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| 12663257 | Chen Z, Travers JB: Inactivation of amino acid receptors in medullary reticular formation modulates and suppresses ingestion and rejection responses in the awake rat. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2003 Jul;285(1):R68-83. Epub 2003 Mar 27. Bilateral infusions of the (A) receptor antagonist bicuculline or the glycine receptor antagonist strychnine enhanced the amplitude of IO stimulation-induced oral responses. |
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