Protein Information

Name ribosomal protein S12
Synonyms 40S ribosomal protein S12; RPS12; Ribosomal protein S12; Ribosomal protein S12s

Compound Information

Name streptomycin
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
19519851 Sun YJ, Luo JT, Wong SY, Lee AS: Analysis of rpsL and rrs mutations in Beijing and non-Beijing streptomycin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Singapore. J Mol Biol. 2007 Dec 7;374(4):1065-76. Epub 2007 Oct 6.

Mutation analysis of the genes encoding 16S rRNA (rrs) and ribosomal protein S12 (rpsL) revealed a high frequency (97/102; 95.1%) of alterations in streptomycin-resistant M. tuberculosis isolates from Singapore, with rpsL K43R being the most common rpsL mutation (82/92; 89%), which was significantly associated with Beijing strains compared to non-Beijing strains (odds ratio = 10.88, 95% confidence interval = 3.48-34.1).
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16436695 Criswell D, Tobiason VL, Lodmell JS, Samuels DS: Mutations conferring aminoglycoside and spectinomycin resistance in Borrelia burgdorferi. RNA. 2009 Feb;15(2):208-14. Epub 2008 Dec 17.

Two mutations were identified in the gene for ribosomal protein S12, at a site homologous to E. coli residue Lys-87, in mutants selected in streptomycin.
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19616336 Kiwaki M, Sato T: Antimicrobial susceptibility of Bifidobacterium breve strains and genetic analysis of streptomycin resistance of probiotic B. breve strain Yakult. Int J Food Microbiol. 2009 Sep 15;134(3):211-5. Epub 2009 Jul 1.

Molecular analysis revealed that a mutation of the rpsL gene for ribosomal protein S12 was responsible for this streptomycin resistance.
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17573471 Nishimura K, Johansen SK, Inaoka T, Hosaka T, Tokuyama S, Tahara Y, Okamoto S, Kawamura F, Douthwaite S, Ochi K: Identification of the RsmG methyltransferase target as 16S rRNA nucleotide G527 and characterization of Bacillus subtilis rsmG mutants. J Bacteriol. 2007 Aug;189(16):6068-73. Epub 2007 Jun 15.

Importantly, in the rsmG mutant background, high-level-streptomycin-resistant rpsL (encoding ribosomal protein S12) mutants emerged at a frequency 200 times greater than that seen for the wild-type strain.
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19652179 Paulander W, Maisnier-Patin S, Andersson DI: The fitness cost of streptomycin resistance depends on rpsL mutation, carbon source and RpoS (sigmaS). Genetics. 2009 Oct;183(2):539-46

The streptomycin resistance (StrR) mutations K42N and P90S in ribosomal protein S12 impair growth on rich medium.
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15009191 Chumpolkulwong N, Hori-Takemoto C, Hosaka T, Inaoka T, Kigawa T, Shirouzu M, Ochi K, Yokoyama S: Effects of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S12 mutations on cell-free protein synthesis. RNA. 2009 Aug;15(8):1597-604. Epub 2009 Jun 24.

By screening 150 spontaneous streptomycin-resistant isolates from E. coli BL21, we successfully obtained seven mutants of the S12 protein, including two streptomycin-dependent mutants.
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19553343 Llano-Sotelo B, Hickerson RP, Lancaster L, Noller HF, Mankin AS: Fluorescently labeled ribosomes as a tool for analyzing antibiotic binding. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2010 Mar;16(3):287-9. Epub 2009 Jun 6.

As a proof of principle, an environment-sensitive fluorescent group was placed at several specific sites within the ribosomal protein S12.
The fluorescence characteristics of the reconstituted subunits were affected by several antibiotics, including streptomycin and neomycin, which bind in the vicinity of protein S12.
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17967466 Sharma D, Cukras AR, Rogers EJ, Southworth DR, Green R: Mutational analysis of S12 protein and implications for the accuracy of decoding by the ribosome. J Bacteriol. 2005 May;187(10):3548-50.

The aminoglycosides paromomycin and streptomycin bind to the decoding center and induce related structural rearrangements that explain their observed effects on miscoding.
Structural and biochemical studies have identified ribosomal protein S12 (as well as specific nucleotides in 16S ribosomal RNA) as a critical molecular contributor in distinguishing between cognate and near-cognate tRNA species as well as in promoting more global rearrangements in the small subunit, referred to as "closure." Here we use a mutational approach to define contributions made by two highly conserved loops in S12 to the process of tRNA selection.
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15047882 Takahama K, Matsuoka M, Nagahama K, Ogawa T: High-frequency gene replacement in cyanobacteria using a heterologous rps12 gene. Eur J Biochem. 2004 Mar;271(6):1127-34.

Here, we improved the method by employing a heterologous rps12 gene encoding a ribosomal protein S12 from Synechocystis sp.
Dominant streptomycin-sensitive phenotype of the Synechocystis rps12 gene was manifested only when it was expressed under the strong promoter of psbAI gene in S. elongatus PCC 7942 bearing a streptomycin-resistant rps12 allele.
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15323127 Gromyko O, Rebets Y, Ostash B, Luzhetskyy A, Fukuhara M, Bechthold A, Nakamura T, Fedorenko V: Generation of Streptomyces globisporus SMY622 strain with increased landomycin E production and it's initial characterization. Plant Cell Physiol. 2004 Mar;45(3):333-9.

Landomycin E (LaE) overproducing strain Streptomyces globisporus SMY6222 has been developed using UV induced mutagenesis and selection for streptomycin resistance.
Gene rpsL for ribosomal protein S12 from SMY622 was shown to contain point mutation K43R.
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16391027 Kurosawa K, Hosaka T, Tamehiro N, Inaoka T, Ochi K: Improvement of alpha-amylase production by modulation of ribosomal component protein S12 in Bacillus subtilis 168. J Bacteriol. 2006 Mar;188(5):2020-3.

Here we show that introduction of mutations that produce streptomycin resistance (str) also enhances alpha-amylase (and protease) production by a strain of Bacillus subtilis as estimated by measuring the enzyme activity.
The str mutations are point mutations within rpsL, the gene encoding the ribosomal protein S12.
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20056700 Barnard AM, Simpson NJ, Lilley KS, Salmond GP: Mutations in rpsL that confer streptomycin resistance show pleiotropic effects on virulence and the production of a carbapenem antibiotic in Erwinia carotovora. Microbiology. 2010 Apr;156(Pt 4):1030-9. Epub 2010 Jan 7.

Sequencing of the rpsL locus (encoding the ribosomal protein S12) showed that each mutant was missense, with a single base change, resulting in the substitution of the wild-type lysine by arginine, threonine or asparagine at codon 43.
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19776006 Holberger LE, Hayes CS: Ribosomal protein S12 and aminoglycoside antibiotics modulate A-site mRNA cleavage and transfer-messenger RNA activity in Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006 Jan;72(1):71-7.

Here, we demonstrate that the aminoglycosides paromomycin and streptomycin inhibit A-site cleavage of stop codons during inefficient translation termination.
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17384192 Nishimura K, Hosaka T, Tokuyama S, Okamoto S, Ochi K: Mutations in rsmG, encoding a 16S rRNA methyltransferase, result in low-level streptomycin resistance and antibiotic overproduction in Streptomyces coelicolor A3 (2). Int J Food Microbiol. 2010 Feb 28;137(2-3):254-8. Epub 2009 Dec 13.

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20051305 Sato T, Iino T: Genetic analyses of the antibiotic resistance of Bifidobacterium bifidum strain Yakult YIT 4007. 1SI-2SI. Epub 2009 Aug 3.

Bifidobacterium bifidum strain Yakult YIT 4007 (abbreviated as B. bifidum YIT 4007) is a commercial strain and resistant to erythromycin, neomycin, and streptomycin.
Comparison of nucleotide sequences of various candidate genes of both strains led us to find that B. bifidum YIT 4007 had mutations on three copies of 23S ribosomal RNA genes, an 8 bp deletion of the rluD gene for pseudouridine synthase, and a mutation on the rpsL gene for ribosomal protein S12.
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16484214 Carr JF, Hamburg DM, Gregory ST, Limbach PA, Dahlberg AE: Effects of streptomycin resistance mutations on posttranslational modification of ribosomal protein S12. J Bacteriol. 2007 May;189(10):3876-83. Epub 2007 Mar 23.
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17238915 Okamoto S, Tamaru A, Nakajima C, Nishimura K, Tanaka Y, Tokuyama S, Suzuki Y, Ochi K: Loss of a conserved 7-methylguanosine modification in 16S rRNA confers low-level streptomycin resistance in bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006 Feb;50(2):445-52.

Although such resistance is often mediated by mutations within rrs, a 16S rRNA gene or rpsL, which encodes the ribosomal protein S12, these mutations are found in a limited proportion of clinically isolated streptomycin-resistant M. tuberculosis strains.
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15866943 Carr JF, Gregory ST, Dahlberg AE: Severity of the streptomycin resistance and streptomycin dependence phenotypes of ribosomal protein S12 of Thermus thermophilus depends on the identity of highly conserved amino acid residues. Mol Microbiol. 2007 Feb;63(4):1096-106.
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19095621 Gregory ST, Carr JF, Dahlberg AE: A signal relay between ribosomal protein S12 and elongation factor EF-Tu during decoding of mRNA. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 Jul-Aug;1769(7-8):462-71. Epub 2007 Apr 20.

Three novel amino acid substitutions, H76R, R37C, and K53E in Thermus thermophilus ribosomal protein S12, confer resistance to streptomycin.
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17512991 Vila-Sanjurjo A, Lu Y, Aragonez JL, Starkweather RE, Sasikumar M, O'Connor M: Modulation of 16S rRNA function by ribosomal protein S12. . J Biol Chem. 2009 Nov 13;284(46):32188-200. Epub 2009 Sep 23.

Ribosomal protein S12 is a critical component of the decoding center of the 30S ribosomal subunit and is involved in both tRNA selection and the response to streptomycin.
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