| Name | aph 2 |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | APH 2; APH2; Abl philin 2; DHHC 16; Probable palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC16; UNQ2570/PRO6258; ZDHHC16; Zinc finger DHHC domain containing 16… |
| Name | streptomycin |
|---|---|
| CAS |
| PubMed | Abstract | RScore(About this table) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 15256029 | Udo EE, Al-Sweih N, John P, Jacob LE, Mohanakrishnan S: Characterization of high-level aminoglycoside-resistant enterococci in Kuwait hospitals. Microb Drug Resist. 2004 Summer;10(2):139-45. The MICs of gentamicin, kanamycin, amikacin, tobramycin, and streptomycin were determined by agar dilution and the genes encoding the AAC (6')- APH (2"), ANT (4'), APH (3'), APH (2")-Ib, APH (2")-Ic, APH (2")-Id, and ANT (6) enzymes were amplified by PCR. The aac (6')-Ie-aph (2")-Ia was detected in all isolates with gentamicin MIC 500 mg/L and in 15 isolates with gentamicin MIC 256 mg/L. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 17002614 | Novais C, Coque TM, Sousa JC, Peixe LV: Antimicrobial resistance among faecal enterococci from healthy individuals in Portugal. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2006 Nov;12(11):1131-4. Analysis of 247 faecal enterococcal isolates from 99 healthy Portuguese individuals during 2001 revealed the presence of enterococci resistant to vancomycin (5%) and highly resistant to streptomycin (52%), kanamycin (40%) or gentamicin (11%). The vanA (two Tn1546 types), vanC1, erm (B), aac (6')-aph (2'')-Ia, aph (3')-IIIa, vat (E) and vat (D) genes were detected. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 19734605 | Jeric PE, Azpiroz A, Lopardo H, Centron D: Survey of molecular determinants in Gram-positive cocci isolated from hospital settings in Argentina. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2007 Dec 1;1(3):275-83. METHODOLOGY: The MICs to amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, and streptomycin, tetracycline and erythromycin were determined by the standard broth dilution method according to CLSI recommendations. Indeed, 37.6% of the isolates harbored the aac (6')-aph (2'') genes; 27% harbored the aph (3')-IIIa and ant (6)-Ia genes along with the aac (6')-aph (2'') gene; 7% carried the ant (4')-Ia gene; and 71% harbored one or more of the erm (A), erm (B), erm (TR), mef (A), mef (E) and msr (A) genes. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 17650957 | Hauschild T, Vukovic D, Dakic I, Jezek P, Djukic S, Dimitrijevic V, Stepanovic S, Schwarz S: Aminoglycoside resistance in members of the Staphylococcus sciuri group. Microb Drug Resist. 2007 Summer;13(2):77-84. A total of 304 S. sciuri group member isolates (284 S. sciuri, 12 S. lentus, and 8 S. vitulinus) from humans (n = 34), animals (n = 133), and environmental sources (n = 137; out-hospital and hospital environment, food) were examined for their susceptibility to amikacin, gentamicin, isepamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, netilmicin, sisomicin, streptomycin, and tobramycin. The aac (6')-Ie/aph (2"), ant (4')-Ia, and aph (3')-IIIa genes, either alone or in combination, were found in 16 out of 19 isolates showing resistance to nonstreptomycin aminoglycosides. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 16283919 | Poeta P, Costa D, Saenz Y, Klibi N, Ruiz-Larrea F, Rodrigues J, Torres C: Characterization of antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors in faecal enterococci of wild animals in Portugal. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health. 2005 Nov;52(9):396-402. Susceptibility testing for 11 antibiotics (vancomycin, teicoplanin, ampicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, erythromycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin and ciprofloxacin) was determined by disk diffusion and agar dilution methods. Antibiotic resistance genes were studied by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing and tet (M) + tet (L), erm (B) or aac (6')-aph (2'') genes were detected in most of tetracycline-, erythromycin- or gentamicin-resistant enterococci respectively. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 15077803 | Jackson CR, Fedorka-Cray PJ, Barrett JB, Ladely SR: Genetic relatedness of high-level aminoglycoside-resistant enterococci isolated from poultry carcasses. Avian Dis. 2004 Jan-Mar;48(1):100-7. Approximately 46% (75/162) or poultry enterococci collected between 1999 and 2000 exhibited high-level resistance to gentamicin (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] > or = 500 microg/ml), kanamycin (MIC > or = 500 microg/ml), or streptomycin (MIC > or = 1000 microg/ml). Using polymerase chain reaction, the isolates were examined for the presence of 10 aminoglycoside resistance genes [ant (6)-Ia, ant (9)-Ia, ant (4')-Ia, aph (3')-IIIa, aph (2")-Ib, aph (2")-Ic, aph (2")-Id, aac (6')-Ie-aph (2")-Ia, and aac (6')-Ii]. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 16876896 | Rojo-Bezares B, Saenz Y, Poeta P, Zarazaga M, Ruiz-Larrea F, Torres C: Assessment of antibiotic susceptibility within lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from wine. Int J Food Microbiol. 2006 Oct 1;111(3):234-40. Epub 2006 Jul 31. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations of the different antibiotics that inhibited 50% of the strains of the Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc and Pediococcus genera were, respectively, the following ones: penicillin (2, < or =0.5, and < or =0.5 microg/ml), erythromycin (< or =0.5 microg/ml), chloramphenicol (4 microg/ml), ciprofloxacin (64, 8, and 128 microg/ml), vancomycin (> or =128 microg/ml), tetracycline (8, 2, and 8 microg/ml), streptomycin (256, 32, and 512 microg/ml), gentamicin (64, 4, and 128 microg/ml), kanamycin (256, 64, and 512 microg/ml), sulfamethoxazole (> or =1024 microg/ml), and trimethoprim (16 microg/ml). Antibiotic resistance genes were studied by PCR and sequencing, and the following genes were detected: erm (B) (one P. acidilactici), tet (M) (one L. plantarum), tet (L) (one P. parvulus), aac (6')-aph (2") (four L. plantarum, one P. parvulus, one P. pentosaceus and two O. oeni), ant (6) (one L. plantarum, and two P. parvulus), and aph (3')-IIIa (one L. plantarum and one O. oeni). |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 16221760 | Novais C, Coque TM, Costa MJ, Sousa JC, Baquero F, Peixe LV: High occurrence and persistence of antibiotic-resistant enterococci in poultry food samples in Portugal. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2005 Dec;56(6):1139-43. Epub 2005 Oct 12. All HLR to gentamicin isolates contained aac (6')-Ie-aph (2'')-Ia. Samples were enriched and plated on selective media with and without vancomycin, gentamicin, streptomycin or kanamycin. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 16388931 | Poeta P, Costa D, Rodrigues J, Torres C: Antimicrobial resistance and the mechanisms implicated in faecal enterococci from healthy humans, poultry and pets in Portugal. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2006 Feb;27(2):131-7. Epub 2006 Jan 4. High-level resistance to gentamicin or streptomycin was detected in 1-7% of isolates in our series of enterococci. The aac (6')-aph (2''), aph (3')-IIIa, erm (B) and tet (M) genes were demonstrated in most of the gentamicin-, kanamycin-, erythromycin- and tetracycline-resistant isolates, respectively. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 18646406 | Emaneini M, Aligholi M, Aminshahi M: Characterization of glycopeptides, aminoglycosides and macrolide resistance among Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolates from hospitals in Tehran. Pol J Microbiol. 2008;57(2):173-8. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of vancomycin, teicoplanin, gentamicin, streptomycin, and erythromycin were determined by microbroth dilution method. The most prevalent of AMEs genes were aac (6')-Ie aph (2") (63%) followed by aph (3')-IIIa (37%). |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 20348087 | Perreten V, Kadlec K, Schwarz S, Gronlund Andersson U, Finn M, Greko C, Moodley A, Kania SA, Frank LA, Bemis DA, Franco A, Iurescia M, Battisti A, Duim B, Wagenaar JA, van Duijkeren E, Weese JS, Fitzgerald JR, Rossano A, Guardabassi L: Clonal spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in Europe and North America: an international multicentre study. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010 Mar 25. In addition to mecA-mediated beta-lactam resistance, isolates showed resistance to trimethoprim [dfr (G)] (90.3%), gentamicin/kanamycin [aac (6')-Ie-aph (2')-Ia] (88.3%), kanamycin [aph (3')-III] (90.3%), streptomycin [ant (6')-Ia] (90.3%), streptothricin (sat4) (90.3%), macrolides and/or lincosamides [erm (B), lnu (A)] (89.3%), fluoroquinolones (87.4%), tetracycline [tet (M) and/or tet (K)] (69.9%), chloramphenicol (cat (pC221)) (57.3%) and rifampicin (1.9%). |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 17030911 | Chen YG, Qu TT, Yu YS, Zhou JY, Li LJ: Insertion sequence ISEcp1-like element connected with a novel aph (2'') allele [aph (2'')-Ie] conferring high-level gentamicin resistance and a novel streptomycin adenylyltransferase gene in Enterococcus. J Med Microbiol. 2006 Nov;55(Pt 11):1521-5. |
14(0,0,2,4) | Details |
| 16681903 | Qu TT, Zhang Y, Yu YS, Chen YG, Wei ZQ, Li LJ: [A novel plasmid-mediated aminoglycosides-modifying enzyme gene, aph (2'')-Ie, in a strain of high-level gentamicin resistant Enterococcus casseliflavus]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2006 Mar 7;86(9):596-9. The aph (2'')-Ie gene and partial sequence of a streptomycin adenylyltransferase gene (str) were contained in the 8.7-kb cloned fragment, and the transposase gene (tnpA) was on the upper stream. |
8(0,0,1,3) | Details |
| 19968729 | Jackson CR, Fedorka-Cray PJ, Davis JA, Barrett JB, Brousse JH, Gustafson J, Kucher M: Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance and genetic relatedness among enterococci isolated from dogs and cats in the United States. J Appl Microbiol. 2009 Nov 7. The bifunctional aminoglycoside resistance gene, aac (6')-Ie-aph (2'')-Ia, was detected in gentamicin-resistant isolates and ant (6)-Ia in streptomycin-resistant isolates. |
7(0,0,1,2) | Details |
| 16572889 | Klibi N, Gharbi S, Masmoudi A, Ben Slama K, Poeta P, Zarazaga M, Fendri C, Boudabous A, Torres C: Antibiotic resistance and mechanisms implicated in clinical enterococci in a Tunisian hospital. J Chemother. 2006 Feb;18(1):20-6. The erm (B), catA, tet (M), aac (6')-aph (2''), aph (3')-IIIa, and ant (6)-Ia genes were detected in 91%, 32%, 86%, 98%, 100%, and 72% of the E. faecium and E. faecalis isolates resistant to erythromycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and high-level-resistant to gentamicin, kanamycin and streptomycin, respectively. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 17657324 | Sepulveda MA, Bello HT, Dominguez MY, Mella SM, Zemelman RZ, Gonzalez GR: [Molecular identification of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes among strains of Enterococcus spp. isolated in hospitals of the VIII Region of Chile]. Rev Med Chil. 2007 May;135(5):566-72. Epub 2007 Jul 9. Three genes were detected: aac (6) Ie-aph (2") Ia (14.8%) encoding for the enzyme AAC (6) Ie-APH (2") Ia (resistance to all aminoglycosides, except streptomycin); aph (3) IIIa (26%), and ant (6) la (28.5%) encoding for the phosphorylating enzymes APH (3) Ilia (resistance to kanamycin, amikacin and neomycin), and ANT (6)-la (resistance only to streptomycin), respectively. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 17021204 | Lim SK, Tanimoto K, Tomita H, Ike Y: Pheromone-responsive conjugative vancomycin resistance plasmids in Enterococcus faecalis isolates from humans and chicken feces. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006 Oct;72(10):6544-53. The plasmids carried five drug resistance determinants for vanA, ermB, aph (3'), aph (6'), and aac (6')/aph (2'), which encode resistance to vancomycin, erythromycin, kanamycin, streptomycin, and gentamicin/kanamycin, respectively. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 18155882 | Leelaporn A, Yodkamol K, Waywa D, Pattanachaiwit S: A novel structure of Tn4001-truncated element, type V, in clinical enterococcal isolates and multiplex PCR for detecting aminoglycoside resistance genes. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2008 Mar;31(3):250-4. Epub 2007 Dec 26. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was established for detecting aacA-aphD, aph (2'')-Ib, aph (2'')-Ic and aph (2'')-Id, encoding high-level gentamicin resistance (HLGR), and aadA and aadE, encoding high-level streptomycin resistance (HLSR), in enterococci. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 18714937 | Wettstein K, Descloux S, Rossano A, Perreten V: Emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in Switzerland: three cases of urinary tract infections in cats. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd. 2008 Jul;150(7):339-43. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of the resistance profile showed that the isolates displayed resistance to all beta-lactams and cephalosporins (blaZ, mecA), fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines [tet (K)], macrolides, lincosamides and streprogramins B [erm (B)], chloramphenicol (catpC221), trimethoprim [dfr (G)] and the aminoglycosides gentamicin [aac (6')-Ie-aph (2')-Ia], kanamycin and neomycin [aph (3')-III] and streptomycin [ant (6)-Ia]. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 18320273 | Chandrakanth RK, Raju S, Patil SA: Aminoglycoside-resistance mechanisms in multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates. Curr Microbiol. 2008 Jun;56(6):558-62. Epub 2008 Mar 5. Whereas isolates HLGR-10 and HLGR-14 possessed bifunctional AME coding gene aac (6')-aph (2''), and aph (3')-III and showed high-level resistance to gentamycin and streptomycin, MSSA-21 possessed aph (3')-III and exhibited low resistance to gentamycin, streptomycin, and kanamycin. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 19722130 | Riesen A, Perreten V: Antibiotic resistance and genetic diversity in Staphylococcus aureus from slaughter pigs in Switzerland. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd. 2009 Sep;151(9):425-31. However, pigs were found to harbor S. aureus, which displayed resistance to penicillin (blaZ) (62.5%), tetracycline [tet (M)] (33.3%), streptomycin (strpS194) (27%), clindamycin [erm (B)] (4.1%), erythromycin [erm (B)] (4.1%), kanamycin (4.1%), chloramphenicol (catpC194) (2%) and gentamicin [aac (6')-Ie-aph (2')-Ia] (2%). |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 16201926 | Mahbub Alam M, Kobayashi N, Ishino M, Sumi A, Kobayashi K, Uehara N, Watanabe N: Detection of a novel aph (2") allele (aph [2"]-Ie) conferring high-level gentamicin resistance and a spectinomycin resistance gene ant (9)-Ia (aad 9) in clinical isolates of enterococci. Microb Drug Resist. 2005 Fall;11(3):239-47. Three E. faecium strains having aph (2")-Ie showed high-level resistance to gentamicin and streptomycin, but not to kanamycin, dibekacin, and tobramycin, unlike enzyme specificity described for aph (2")-Id in E. casseliflavus. |
4(0,0,0,4) | Details |
| 16821713 | Filipova M, Bujdakova H, Drahovska H, Liskova A, Hanzen J: Occurrence of aminoglycoside-modifying-enzyme genes aac (6')-aph (2"), aph (3'), ant (4') and ant (6) in clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis resistant to high-level of gentamicin and amikacin. Folia Microbiol. 2006;51(1):57-61. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 15183889 | Lester CH, Frimodt-Moller N, Hammerum AM: Conjugal transfer of aminoglycoside and macrolide resistance between Enterococcus faecium isolates in the intestine of streptomycin-treated mice. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2004 Jun 15;235(2):385-91. Co-transfer of erm (B)-Tn5405-like element and aac (6')-Ie-aph (2'')-Ia was obtained in both in vivo and in vitro. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 15904965 | Qu TT, Chen YG, Yu YS, Wei ZQ, Zhou ZH, Li LJ: Genotypic diversity and epidemiology of high-level gentamicin resistant Enterococcus in a Chinese hospital. J Infect. 2006 Feb;52(2):124-30. The positive rate of aac (6')-Ie-aph (2'')-Ia was 86.8% and 3 isolates had the new AME gene designated aph (2'')-Ie mostly similar to aph (2'')-Id. And the HLGR and high-level streptomycin resistant (HLSR) isolates were screened by agar screen. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |