Protein Information

Name kininogen
Synonyms Alpha 2 thiol proteinase inhibitor; BDK; Bradykinin; KNG; KNG 1; KNG1; Kininogen; Kininogen 1 precursor…

Compound Information

Name 4-aminopyridine
CAS 4-pyridinamine

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
16042987 Gendron G, Gobeil F Jr, Belanger S, Gagnon S, Regoli D, D'Orleans-Juste P: Urotensin II-induced hypotensive responses in Wistar-Kyoto (Wky) and spontaneously hypertensive (Shr) rats. Peptides. 2005 Aug;26(8):1468-74.

These include the non-selective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME (5 micromol/kg), the non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor meclofenamate (16 micromol/kg), the voltage-sensitive and ATP-sensitive K+-channel inhibitors, 4-aminopyridine (5 micromol/kg) and glybenclamide (10 micromol/kg), the cytochrome P450 CYP2C9 inhibitor sulfaphenazole (15 micromol/kg), the cytoskeletal fixation agent phalloidin (15 micromol/kg), the endothelin ETB receptor antagonist BQ-788 (35 micromol/kg), the bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist HOE 140 (0.5 micromol/kg), the angiotensin AT2 antagonist PD 123319 (10 micromol/kg) and the UT receptor antagonist urantide (10 micromol/kg).
31(0,1,1,1) Details
15654262 Fukada SY, Tirapelli CR, de Godoy MA, de Oliveira AM: Mechanisms underlying the endothelium-independent relaxation induced by angiotensin II in rat aorta. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2005 Feb;45(2):136-43.

The combination of L-NAME, indomethacin, and TEA completely abolished the relaxation induced by angiotensin II. 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP) as well as charybdotoxin reduced angiotensin II-induced relaxation.
HOE-140, a selective antagonist of the bradykinin B2 receptor, and amiloride, a Na+/H+ exchanger inhibitor, abolished angiotensin II-induced relaxation.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
16497109 Gerova M, Kittova M: Systemic blood pressure response to the inhibition of two hyperpolarizing pathways: a comparison to NO-synthase inhibition. Physiol Res. 2006;55(6):603-10.

After the inhibition of the action voltage-dependent K (+) channels operator by 4-aminopyridine 0.1 mg/100 g b.w. , the other hyperpolarizing pathway, blood pressure declined slightly from 132.3+/-3.2 mm Hg to 116.5+/-5.0 mm Hg, P <0.05 .
After inhibition of the hyperpolarizing pathway by miconazole, hypotension induced by acetylcholine (Ach, 10 microg represented 63.0+/-1.9 mm Hg vs control value 78.6+/-5.2 mm Hg P <0.001 , by bradykinin (BK) 100 microg 59.4+/-3.9 mm Hg vs control value 71.2+/-6.1 mm Hg P <0.05 .
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11522609 Ohnishi Y, Hirano K, Nishimura J, Furue M, Kanaide H: Inhibitory effects of brefeldin A, a membrane transport blocker, on the bradykinin-induced hyperpolarization-mediated relaxation in the porcine coronary artery. Br J Pharmacol. 2001 Sep;134(1):168-78.

The indomethacin/L-NOARG-resistant relaxation induced by bradykinin was completely inhibited by 3 mM tetrabutylammonium (non-specific Ca (2+)-activated K (+) channel blocker), while that induced by substance P was not inhibited by 3 mM tetrabutylammonium or 1 mM 4-aminopyridine (voltage-dependent K (+) channels blocker) alone, but completely inhibited by their combination. 5.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
11312298 Grimaldi M, Atzori M, Ray P, Alkon DL: Mobilization of calcium from intracellular stores, potentiation of neurotransmitter-induced calcium transients, and capacitative calcium entry by 4-aminopyridine. J Neurosci. 2001 May 1;21(9):3135-43.

In astrocytes, 4-AP treatment potentiated the sustained phase of the [Ca (2+)](i) elevation induced by ATP and bradykinin.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12626646 Zhang Y, Tazzeo T, Hirota S, Janssen LJ: Vasodilatory and electrophysiological actions of 8-iso-prostaglandin E2 in porcine coronary artery. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003 Jun;305(3):1054-60. Epub 2003 Mar 6.


The potency and efficacy of 8-iso-PGE2 in reversing tone were not dependent upon the concentration of U46619 used to preconstrict the tissues (10 (-8) to 10 (-6) M), indicating a lack of U46619-induced functional antagonism of these responses. 8-iso-PGE2 was able to completely relax tissues that had been denuded of endothelium (as indicated by loss of responsiveness to bradykinin). 8-iso-PGE2-evoked relaxations were markedly reduced by elevating the K+ equilibrium potential using 30 mM KCl and abolished by 60 mM KCl; they were also sensitive to charybdotoxin (10 (-7) M) but not to 4-aminopyridine (1 mM). 8-iso-PGE2 also caused membrane hyperpolarization and augmentation of outward K+ current.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
16116333 de Moura RS, Emiliano AF, de Carvalho LC, Souza MA, Guedes DC, Tano T, Resende AC: Antihypertensive and endothelium-dependent vasodilator effects of Alpinia zerumbet, a medicinal plant. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2005 Sep;46(3):288-94.

In vessels precontracted with norepinephrine, the vasodilator effect of AZE was not changed by 4-aminopyridine, glibenclamide, or by charybdotoxin plus apamin.
HOE 140, which significantly reduced the vasodilator effect of bradykinin, induced a slight but significant reduction on the vasodilator effect of AZE.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
10763852 Mazzuco TL, Andre E, Calixto JB: Contribution of nitric oxide, prostanoids and Ca (2+)-activated K+ channels to the relaxant response of bradykinin in the guinea pig bronchus in vitro. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2000 Apr;361(4):383-90.

In contrast, 4-aminopyridine, apamin or glibenclamide did not affect BK-induced relaxation.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
11159695 Ishibashi H, Mochidome T, Okai J, Ichiki H, Shimada H, Takahama K: Activation of potassium conductance by ophiopogonin-D in acutely dissociated rat paratracheal neurones. Br J Pharmacol. 2001 Jan;132(2):461-6.

The I (OP-D) was blocked by an extracellular application of 1 mM Ba2+ by 59.0%, but other K (+) channel blockers, including 4-aminopyridine (3 mM), apamin (1 microM), charybdotoxin (0.3 microM), glibenclamide (1 microM), tolbutamide (0.3 mM) and tetraethylammonium (10 mM), did not inhibit the I (OP-D). 6.
OP-D also inhibited the ACh- and bradykinin-induced depolarizing responses which were accompanied with firing of action potentials. 7.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12969154 Achar E, Achar RA, Paiva TB, Campos AH, Schor N: Amitriptyline eliminates calculi through urinary tract smooth muscle relaxation. Kidney Int. 2003 Oct;64(4):1356-64.

This effect was prevented by pretreatment of urethral rings with 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), a voltage-dependent potassium channel blocker.
Amitriptyline abolished in a reversible manner acetylcholine-, bradykinin-, and KCl-induced contractions in rat isolated bladder, and this effect was also prevented by 4-AP.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
14757704 Soares de Moura R, Resende AC, Emiliano AF, Tano T, Mendes-Ribeiro AC, Correia ML, de Carvalho LC: The role of bradykinin, AT2 and angiotensin 1-7 receptors in the EDRF-dependent vasodilator effect of angiotensin II on the isolated mesenteric vascular bed of the rat. Br J Pharmacol. 2004 Mar;141(5):860-6. Epub 2004 Feb 2.

However, this effect is not affected by ATP and voltage-dependent K (+) channel blockers (glybenclamide and 4-aminopyridine). 5.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12742827 Dantas AP, Igarashi J, Michel T: Sphingosine 1-phosphate and control of vascular tone. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2003 Jun;284(6):H2045-52.


S1P-induced vasodilation is abrogated by removal of endothelium or by the addition of the NOS inhibitor N (omega)-monomethyl-l-arginine but is not affected by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin, nor by the blockade of K (+) channels by using 4-aminopyridine.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
16023862 Madeira SV, de Castro Resende A, Ognibene DT, de Sousa MA, Soares de Moura R: Mechanism of the endothelium-dependent vasodilator effect of an alcohol-free extract obtained from a vinifera grape skin. Pharmacol Res. 2005 Oct;52(4):321-7.

However, the vasodilator effect of GSE was unaffected by D-Arg [Hyp (3),Thi (5),D-Tic (7),Oic (8)] bradykinin (HOE-140), atropine, yohimbine, pyrilamine and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP).
6(0,0,1,1) Details
12657746 Bandara LR, Kelly MD, Lock EA, Kennedy S: A correlation between a proteomic evaluation and conventional measurements in the assessment of renal proximal tubular toxicity. Toxicol Sci. 2003 May;73(1):195-206. Epub 2003 Mar 25.


Several isoforms of the rat-specific T-kininogen protein were identified in each study.
4(0,0,0,4) Details