| Name | CA1 |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | CA IX; CA1; Carbonic anhydrase I; CA2; CAII; Carbonic anhydrase II; Carbonic dehydratase; Carbonic anhydrase III… |
| Name | 4-aminopyridine |
|---|---|
| CAS | 4-pyridinamine |
| PubMed | Abstract | RScore(About this table) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11698549 | Xiong ZQ, Stringer JL: Prolonged bursts occur in normal in hippocampal slices after raising excitability and blocking synaptic transmission. J Neurophysiol. 2001 Nov;86(5):2625-8. Spontaneous interictal activity was induced in CA1 and CA3 by perfusing hippocampal slices with high potassium, cesium, 4-aminopyridine, or tetraethylammonium in normal levels of |
7(0,0,1,2) | Details |
| 11431518 | Sinha SR, Saggau P: Imaging of 4-AP-induced, (A)-dependent spontaneous synchronized activity mediated by the hippocampal interneuron network. J Neurophysiol. 2001 Jul;86(1):381-91. Under conditions of increased excitability, such as application of the K (+) channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, 100 microM), interneurons in the hippocampal slice show an additional form of synchronized activity that is distinct from the ictal and interictal epileptiform activity induced by these manipulations. Unlike interictal activity, which originated in area CA2/CA3 and spread from there, SIA was most prominent in area CA1 and originated either there or in the subiculum. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 11152751 | Morishita W, Alger BE: Direct depolarization and antidromic action potentials transiently suppress dendritic IPSPs in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells. J Neurophysiol. 2001 Jan;85(1):480-4. This suppression had properties similar to depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition (DSI): it was enhanced by carbachol, blocked by dendritic hyperpolarization sufficient to prevent action potential invasion, and reduced by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) application. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 19073793 | Fischer M, Reuter J, Gerich FJ, Hildebrandt B, Hagele S, Katschinski D, Muller M: Enhanced hypoxia susceptibility in hippocampal slices from a mouse model of rett syndrome. J Neurophysiol. 2009 Feb;101(2):1016-32. Epub 2008 Dec 10. The extracellular K+ rise during HSD was attenuated in Mecp2-/y males and the input resistance of CA1 pyramidal neurons decreased less before HSD onset. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 12716931 | Frick A, Magee J, Koester HJ, Migliore M, Johnston D: Normalization of Ca2+ signals by small oblique dendrites of CA1 pyramidal neurons. J Neurosci. 2003 Apr 15;23(8):3243-50. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 12213266 | Cozzi A, Meli E, Carla V, Pellicciari R, Moroni F, Pellegrini-Giampietro DE: Metabotropic glutamate 1 (mGlu1) receptor antagonists enhance GABAergic neurotransmission: a mechanism for the attenuation of post-ischemic injury and epileptiform activity?. Neuropharmacology. 2002 Aug;43(2):119-30. In rat organotypic hippocampal slices exposed to - deprivation, the mGlu1 antagonists AIDA, CBPG and 3-MATIDA reduced CA1 pyramidal cell loss when added to the medium during the insult and the subsequent recovery period. In a mouse cortical wedge model, both muscimol and 3-MATIDA reduced the frequency of spontaneous bursts induced by 4-aminopyridine and this reduction was prevented by co-perfusion with bicuculline. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 10759297 | Baraban SC, Wenzel HJ, Hochman DW, Schwartzkroin PA: Characterization of heterotopic cell clusters in the hippocampus of rats exposed to methylazoxymethanol in utero. Epilepsy Res. 2000 Apr;39(2):87-102. In hippocampal slices from MAM-exposed animals, extracellular field recordings within heterotopia suggest that these dysplastic cell clusters make synaptic connections locally (i.e. within the CA1 hippocampal subregion) and also make aberrant synaptic contact with neocortical cells. Slice perfusion with bicuculline or 4-aminopyridine leads to epileptiform activity in dysplastic cell clusters that can occur independent of input from CA3. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 14636343 | Martin ED, Pozo MA: suppresses status epilepticus induced by 4-aminopyridine in CA1 hippocampus region. Epilepsia. 2003 Nov;44(11):1375-9. |
82(1,1,1,2) | Details |
| 12450487 | Avoli M, D'Antuono M, Louvel J, Kohling R, Biagini G, Pumain R, D'Arcangelo G, Tancredi V: Network and pharmacological mechanisms leading to epileptiform synchronization in the limbic system in vitro. Prog Neurobiol. 2002 Oct;68(3):167-207. In addition, in these experiments electrographic seizure activity spreads directly to the CA1-subiculum regions through the temporoammonic pathway. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 17314290 | Bourdeau ML, Morin F, Laurent CE, Azzi M, Lacaille JC: Kv4.3-mediated A-type K+ currents underlie rhythmic activity in hippocampal interneurons. J Neurosci. 2007 Feb 21;27(8):1942-53. We show that interneurons at the CA1 lacunosum-moleculare (LM) and radiatum (RAD) junction (LM/RAD) display voltage-dependent subthreshold membrane potential oscillations (MPOs) generated by voltage-gated tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na+ and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)-sensitive K+ currents. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 15537816 | Skov J, Nedergaard S, Andreasen M: New type of synaptically mediated epileptiform activity independent of known and GABA receptors. J Neurophysiol. 2005 Apr;93(4):1845-56. Epub 2004 Nov 10. It is well known that excitatory synaptic transmission at the hippocampal CA3-CA1 synapse depends on the binding of released to ionotropic receptors. The effect of Cs+ was partly mimicked by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; 2 mM), suggesting that an increase in transmitter release is involved. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 11036212 | Ross FM, Gwyn P, Spanswick D, Davies SN: Carbenoxolone depresses spontaneous epileptiform activity in the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices. Neuroscience. 2000;100(4):789-96. The perfusion of slices with a medium containing no added and 4-aminopyridine (50 microM) resulted in the generation of spontaneous bursts of population spikes of a fast frequency along with less frequent negative-going bursts. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 19674053 | Yang XF, Schmidt BF, Rode DL, Rothman SM: Optical suppression of experimental seizures in rat brain slices. Epilepsia. 2010 Jan;51(1):127-35. Epub 2009 Aug 8. Seizure-like activity was induced by perfusing slices with extracellular medium lacking and containing 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; 100 microm). In the presence of BC204, UV light decreased the CA1 population spike and seizure-like activity. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 12576146 | Szakacs R, Weiczner R, Mihaly A, Krisztin-Peva B, Zador Z, Zador E: Non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonists moderate seizure-induced c-fos expression in the rat cerebral cortex. Brain Res Bull. 2003 Feb 15;59(6):485-93. Decrease of immunostained cells was significant in the neocortex, in the granule cell layer and hilus of the dentate gyrus, in hippocampal areas CA1 and CA2. We examined the effects of non-competitive glutamate receptor antagonists on seizures elicited by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), and in particular, on the expression of the transcription factor c-fos induced by these seizures. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 11136357 | Tallaksen CM, Tauboll E: Excitatory effect of on CA1 pyramidal neurones in rat hippocampal slices in vitro. Eur J Neurol. 2000 Nov;7(6):693-8. Additional experiments with low concentrations of the potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine showed similar findings. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 11790809 | Lien CC, Martina M, Schultz JH, Ehmke H, Jonas P: Gating, modulation and subunit composition of voltage-gated K (+) channels in dendritic inhibitory interneurones of rat hippocampus. J Physiol. 2002 Jan 15;538(Pt 2):405-19. We examined functional and molecular properties of K (+) channels in interneurones with horizontal dendrites in stratum oriens-alveus (OA) of the hippocampal CA1 region, which mainly comprise somatostatin-positive dendritic inhibitory cells. Voltage-gated K (+) currents in nucleated patches isolated from OA interneurones consisted of three major components: a fast delayed rectifier K (+) current component that was highly sensitive to external 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and tetraethylammonium (TEA) (half-maximal inhibitory concentrations < 0.1 mM for both blockers), a slow delayed rectifier K (+) current component that was sensitive to high concentrations of TEA, but insensitive to 4-AP, and a rapidly inactivating A-type K (+) current component that was blocked by high concentrations of 4-AP, but resistant to TEA. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 16686648 | Weiergraber M, Henry M, Krieger A, Kamp M, Radhakrishnan K, Hescheler J, Schneider T: Altered seizure susceptibility in mice lacking the Ca (v) 2.3 E-type Ca2+ channel. Epilepsia. 2006 May;47(5):839-50. CONCLUSIONS: Ca (v) 2.3 ablation results in seizure resistance, strongly supporting recent findings in CA1 neurons that Ca (v) 2.3 triggers epileptiform activity in specialized neurons via plateau potentials and afterdepolarizations. In addition, convulsive seizure activity was induced by systemic administration of either 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; 10 mg/kg, i.p.) or pentylenetetrazol (PTZ; 80 mg/kg, s.c.) to reveal possible alterations in seizure susceptibility. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 10729327 | Hoffman AF, Lupica CR: Mechanisms of cannabinoid inhibition of (A) synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. J Neurosci. 2000 Apr 1;20(7):2470-9. The presynaptic effect of WIN 55,212-2 was also investigated using the potassium channel blockers barium and 4-aminopyridine. To investigate the possible mechanisms through which CB receptors may modulate GABAergic neurotransmission in the hippocampus, whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings were performed on CA1 pyramidal neurons in rat brain slices. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 12941378 | Ayala GX, Tapia R: Expression of heat shock protein 70 induced by 4-aminopyridine through -mediated excitotoxic stress in rat hippocampus in vivo. Neuropharmacology. 2003 Oct;45(5):649-60. The first signs of histological neuronal damage were observed in CA1 and CA3 subfields of the perfused hippocampus 3 h after treatment and progressed until reaching a maximal neuronal loss at 24 h. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 19323999 | Remy S, Csicsvari J, Beck H: Activity-dependent control of neuronal output by local and global dendritic spike attenuation. Neuron. 2009 Mar 26;61(6):906-16. Here, we show that dendritic spikes in CA1 pyramidal cells are strongly regulated by specific types of prior input. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 12657664 | Lien CC, Jonas P: Kv3 conductance is necessary and kinetically optimized for high-frequency action potential generation in hippocampal interneurons. J Neurosci. 2003 Mar 15;23(6):2058-68. To address this question, we developed a fast dynamic-clamp system (approximately 50 kHz) that allowed us to add a Kv3 model conductance to CA1 oriens alveus (OA) interneurons in hippocampal slices. Selective pharmacological block of Kv3 channels by 0.3 mm 4-aminopyridine or 1 mm tetraethylammonium ions led to a marked broadening of APs during trains of short stimuli and a reduction in AP frequency during 1 sec stimuli. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 16554499 | Ziburkus J, Cressman JR, Barreto E, Schiff SJ: Interneuron and pyramidal cell interplay during in vitro seizure-like events. J Neurophysiol. 2006 Jun;95(6):3948-54. Epub 2006 Mar 22. To investigate EI interactions during seizure-like events (SLEs), we performed simultaneous dual and triple whole cell and extracellular recordings in pyramidal cells and oriens interneurons in rat hippocampal CA1. We describe a novel pattern of interleaving EI activity during spontaneous in vitro SLEs generated by the potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine in the presence of decreased |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 12941379 | Madeja M, Margineanu DG, Gorji A, Siep E, Boerrigter P, Klitgaard H, Speckmann EJ: Reduction of voltage-operated currents by levetiracetam: a novel antiepileptic mechanism of action?. Neuropharmacology. 2003 Oct;45(5):661-71. Its effects on action potential generation and voltage-operated currents were studied in acutely isolated hippocampal CA1 neurones from rat and guinea pig, using the patch-clamp technique in the whole-cell configuration. (i) Levetiracetam reduced repetitive action potential generation and affected the single action potential. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 12177225 | Netoff TI, Schiff SJ: Decreased neuronal synchronization during experimental seizures. J Neurosci. 2002 Aug 15;22(16):7297-307. Synchronization between CA1 pyramidal neurons was studied using dual-cell patch-clamp techniques simultaneous with an extracellular measurement of network activity. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 15273397 | Bernard C, Anderson A, Becker A, Poolos NP, Beck H, Johnston D: Acquired dendritic channelopathy in temporal lobe epilepsy. . Science. 2004 Jul 23;305(5683):532-5. The excitability of CA1 pyramidal neuron dendrites was increased in TLE because of decreased availability of A-type potassium ion channels due to transcriptional (loss of channels) and posttranslational (increased channel phosphorylation by extracellular signal-regulated kinase) mechanisms. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 11113304 | Pena F, Tapia R: Seizures and neurodegeneration induced by 4-aminopyridine in rat hippocampus in vivo: role of - and -mediated neurotransmission and of ion channels. Neuroscience. 2000;101(3):547-61. Tetrodotoxin largely prevented the increase of extracellular the electroencephalographic epileptic discharges and the neuronal death in the CA1 and CA3 hippocampal regions. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 16362775 | Mora G, Tapia R: Effects of retigabine on the neurodegeneration and extracellular changes induced by 4-aminopyridine in rat hippocampus in vivo. Neurochem Res. 2005 Dec;30(12):1557-65. In 70-80% of the rats tested retigabine reduced the 4-AP-induced stimulation of release and prevented the neuronal damage observed at 24 h in the CA1 hippocampal region. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 15031302 | Harrison PK, Sheridan RD, Green AC, Scott IR, Tattersall JE: A guinea pig hippocampal slice model of organophosphate-induced seizure activity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Aug;310(2):678-86. Epub 2004 Mar 18. When applied at a concentration of 100 nM, soman induced epileptiform activity in the CA1 region in approximately 75% of slices. In contrast to soman-induced epileptiform activity, bursting induced by the K (+) channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (30 microM), the adenosine A1 receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (30 nM) or perfusion with low Mg (2+) buffer was insensitive to atropine (10 microM). |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 15932889 | Benini R, Avoli M: Rat subicular networks gate hippocampal output activity in an in vitro model of limbic seizures. J Physiol. 2005 Aug 1;566(Pt 3):885-900. Epub 2005 Jun 2. Hence, we used rat hippocampus-entorhinal cortex (EC) slices to identify the role of subiculum in epileptiform synchronization during bath application of 4-aminopyridine (4AP, 50 microM). Sequential field potential analysis along the CA3-CA1-subiculum axis revealed that the amplitude of CA3-driven interictal discharges recorded in the presence of 4AP only diminished within the subiculum. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 18329054 | Ristori C, Cammalleri M, Martini D, Pavan B, Casini G, Cervia D, Bagnoli P: The cyclooxygenase-2/ pathway is involved in the somatostatin-induced decrease of epileptiform bursting in the mouse hippocampus. Neuropharmacology. 2008 Apr;54(5):874-84. Epub 2008 Feb 3. In particular, COX-2 protein increased in CA1/CA3 pyramidal layer and in the granular layer of the dentate gyrus. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 10712442 | Barbarosie M, Louvel J, Kurcewicz I, Avoli M: CA3-Released entorhinal seizures disclose dentate gyrus epileptogenicity and unmask a temporoammonic pathway. J Neurophysiol. 2000 Mar;83(3):1115-24. We have investigated the propagation of epileptiform discharges induced by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, 50 microM) in adult mouse hippocampus-entorhinal cortex slices, before and after Schaffer collateral cut. 4-AP application induced 1) ictal epileptiform activity that disappeared over time and 2) interictal epileptiform discharges, which continued throughout the experiment. However, after Schaffer collateral cut, ictal discharges continued to occur in CA1 and subiculum and spread to these areas directly from the entorhinal cortex. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 18377962 | Bagosi A, Bakos M, Krisztin-Peva B, Mihaly A: Late expression of FosB transcription factor in 4-aminopyridine-induced seizures in the rat cerebral cortex. Acta Histochem. 2008;110(5):418-26. Epub 2008 Apr 2. The increased number of double-labelled cells was significant in the frontal cortex, hilum of the dentate fascia and region CA1 of the hippocampus. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 19732136 | Fernandez M, Lao-Peregrin C, Martin ED: Flufenamic acid suppresses epileptiform activity in hippocampus by reducing excitatory synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability. Epilepsia. 2010 Mar;51(3):384-90. Epub 2009 Sep 3. METHODS: The mechanisms of FFA action were analyzed using an in vitro model in which epileptiform activity was induced in hippocampal slices by perfusion with 100 microm 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) added to a modified Mg (2+)-free solution. The activity of CA1 pyramidal neurons as well as the synaptic connection between CA3 and CA1 was monitored using extracellular and patch-clamp recordings. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 11517252 | Castro PA, Cooper EC, Lowenstein DH, Baraban SC: Hippocampal heterotopia lack functional Kv4.2 channels in the methylazoxymethanol model of cortical malformations and epilepsy. J Neurosci. 2001 Sep 1;21(17):6626-34. A-type currents were observed on normotopic pyramidal neurons in MAM-exposed rats and on interneurons, CA1 pyramidal neurons, and cortical layer V-VI pyramidal neurons in saline-treated control rats. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 15829253 | Ogita K, Okuda H, Watanabe M, Nagashima R, Sugiyama C, Yoneda Y: In vivo treatment with the K+ channel blocker 4-aminopyridine protects against kainate-induced neuronal cell death through activation of NMDA receptors in murine hippocampus. Neuropharmacology. 2005 May;48(6):810-21. Further immunohistochemical study on deoxyribonuclease II revealed that the pretreatment with 4-AP led to complete abolition of deoxyribonuclease II expression induced by kainate in the CA1 and CA3 pyramidal cells. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 10684888 | Grosse G, Draguhn A, Hohne L, Tapp R, Veh RW, Ahnert-Hilger G: Expression of Kv1 channels in mouse hippocampal primary cultures: development and activity-dependent regulation. J Neurosci. 2000 Mar 1;20(5):1869-82. In adult hippocampus, Kv1 (1-6) channel alpha-subunits were present, whereas at postnatal day 2, none of these proteins could be detected in CA1-CA3 and dentate gyrus. This developmental upregulation was paralleled by a dramatic increase in total K (+) current, as well as an elevated release in the presence of 4-aminopyridine. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 12114547 | Ramakers GM, Storm JF: A postsynaptic transient K (+) current modulated by regulates synaptic integration and threshold for LTP induction in hippocampal pyramidal cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Jul 23;99(15):10144-9. Epub 2002 Jul 11. We have investigated the role of I (A) in synaptic integration in rat CA1 pyramidal cells by using (AA) and heteropodatoxin-3 (HpTX3), a selective blocker of the Kv4 channels underlying much of the somatodendritic I (A). |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 11741395 | D'Arcangelo G, Tancredi V, Avoli M: Intrinsic optical signals and electrographic seizures in the rat limbic system. Neurobiol Dis. 2001 Dec;8(6):993-1005. We measured the intrinsic optical signals (IOSs) generated by rat hippocampus-entorhinal cortex (EC) slices in response to single shock electrical stimuli delivered in the EC deep layers during application of the convulsant drug 4-aminopyridine (50 microM). IOS changes initiated in the medial EC, near to the stimulation site, and spread to the lateral EC, the dentate, and the CA3/CA1 areas. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 16725129 | Skov J, Andreasen M, Nedergaard S: Postnatal development of a new type of epileptiform activity in the rat hippocampus. Brain Res. 2006 Jun 22;1096(1):61-9. Epub 2006 May 24. Long-term application of Cs (+) (5 mM) induces an epileptiform field potential (Cs-FP) in area CA1 of the rat hippocampus, which is independent of and non- glutamate receptors and (GABA)(A) receptors. In the presence of 4-aminopyridine, potentials resembling the Cs-FP were evoked. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 11516410 | Tattersall JE, Scott IR, Wood SJ, Nettell JJ, Bevir MK, Wang Z, Somasiri NP, Chen X: Effects of low intensity radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on electrical activity in rat hippocampal slices. Brain Res. 2001 Jun 15;904(1):43-53. At low field intensities, the predominant effect on the electrically evoked field potential in CA1 was a potentiation of the amplitude of the population spike by up to 20%, but higher intensity fields could produce either increases or decreases of up to 120 and 80%, respectively, in the amplitude of the population spike. To eliminate the possibility of RF-induced artefacts due to the metal stimulating electrode, the effect of RF exposure on spontaneous epileptiform activity induced in CA3 by 4-aminopyridine (50-100 microM) was investigated. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 11731544 | Martin ED, Araque A, Buno W: Synaptic regulation of the slow Ca2+-activated K+ current in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons: implication in epileptogenesis. J Neurophysiol. 2001 Dec;86(6):2878-86. Because synaptic transmission is enhanced during epilepsy, we investigated the synaptically mediated regulation of the sI (AHP) and its control of neuronal excitability during epileptiform activity induced by 4-aminopyridine (4AP) or 4AP+Mg2+-free treatment in rat hippocampal slices. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 18930118 | Su T, Cong WD, Long YS, Luo AH, Sun WW, Deng WY, Liao WP: Altered expression of voltage-gated potassium channel 4.2 and voltage-gated potassium channel 4-interacting protein, and changes in intracellular levels following lithium-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. Neuroscience. 2008 Dec 2;157(3):566-76. Epub 2008 Sep 27. We found that Kv4.2 and KChIP1 expression was transiently up-regulated following SE, whereas it was down-regulated during the chronic phase: this was most prominent in the CA1 and CA3 regions. We compared the difference in 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)-induced intracellular ([Ca (2+)] i) elevation between model and control brain slices. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 10971618 | Luhmann HJ, Dzhala VI, Ben-Ari Y: Generation and propagation of 4-AP-induced epileptiform activity in neonatal intact limbic structures in vitro. Eur J Neurosci. 2000 Aug;12(8):2757-68. We examined the generation, propagation and pharmacology of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)-induced epileptiform activity (EA) in the intact interconnected limbic structure of the newborn (P0-7) rat in vitro. Whole-cell recordings of CA3 pyramidal cells and multisite field potential recordings in CA3, CA1, dentate gyrus, and lateral and medial entorhinal cortex revealed 4-AP-induced EA as early as P0-1. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 19154779 | Borbely S, Dobo E, Czege D, Molnar E, Bakos M, Szucs B, Vincze A, Vilagi I, Mihaly A: Modification of ionotropic glutamate receptor-mediated processes in the rat hippocampus following repeated, brief seizures. Neuroscience. 2009 Mar 3;159(1):358-68. Epub 2008 Dec 27. Daily repeated epileptic seizures were induced for 12 days by intraperitoneal administration of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; 4.5 mg/kg) in adult Wistar rats. The significant decrease of GluR2 staining intensity was observed in the CA1 and dentate gyrus. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 17600733 | Easter A, Sharp TH, Valentin JP, Pollard CE: Pharmacological validation of a semi-automated in vitro hippocampal brain slice assay for assessment of seizure liability. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods. 2007 Sep-Oct;56(2):223-33. Epub 2007 May 24. Population spikes (PS) were evoked at 30 s intervals by electrical stimulation of the Schaffer collateral pathway and were recorded using extracellular electrodes positioned in the CA1 cell body layer. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 15579163 | Martin ED, Gonzalez-Garcia C, Milan M, Farinas I, Cena V: Stressor-related impairment of synaptic transmission in hippocampal slices from alpha-synuclein knockout mice. Eur J Neurosci. 2004 Dec;20(11):3085-91. We have investigated the excitatory synaptic modulation of alpha-synuclein in CA1 pyramidal neurons, using the in vitro hippocampal slice technique. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 12015207 | Pena F, Bargas J, Tapia R: Paired pulse facilitation is turned into paired pulse depression in hippocampal slices after epilepsy induced by 4-aminopyridine in vivo. Neuropharmacology. 2002 May;42(6):807-12. We have studied presynaptic modifications of CA1 responses, using the paired pulse paradigm, in hippocampal slices obtained from 4-AP-treated rats killed during epileptic activity (ex vivo). |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 17007911 | Fazekas I, Szakacs R, Mihaly A, Zador Z, Krisztin-Peva B, Juhasz A, Janka Z: Alterations of seizure-induced c-fos immunolabelling and gene expression in the rat cerebral cortex following dexamethasone treatment. Acta Histochem. 2006;108(6):463-73. Epub 2006 Sep 26. We examined the effects of dexamethasone on the expression of the inducible transcription factor c-fos in 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) seizures. Pretreatment with dexamethasone resulted in a dose-dependent, significant decrease of seizure-induced Fos-protein immunoreactivity in the neocortex, in the hilum of the dentate fascia, as well as in regions CA1-3 of the hippocampus, compared to control animals. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 17005865 | Kalita K, Kharebava G, Zheng JJ, Hetman M: Role of megakaryoblastic acute leukemia-1 in ERK1/2-dependent stimulation of serum response factor-driven transcription by BDNF or increased synaptic activity. J Neurosci. 2006 Sep 27;26(39):10020-32. Immunostaining demonstrated constitutive nuclear localization of MKL1 in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, in the deep layers of the neocortex, and in cultured neurons. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 19939631 | Bertsche A, Bruehl C, Pietz J, Draguhn A: Region- and pattern-specific effects of uptake blockers on epileptiform activity in rat brain slices. Epilepsy Res. 2010 Feb;88(2-3):118-26. Epub 2009 Nov 24. Three different models were used to induce epileptiform discharges: (i) increasing NMDA receptor-mediated excitation by omitting Mg (2+)-ions; (ii) blocking channels by 4-aminopyridine; (iii) reducing (A) receptor-mediated inhibition by penicillin. Application of DHK or TBOA markedly reduced the frequency of epileptiform discharges in CA1 in the low and the 4-AP model while pathological activity was increased in the penicillin-model. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 18643787 | Qu L, Leung LS: Mechanisms of hyperthermia-induced depression of GABAergic synaptic transmission in the immature rat hippocampus. J Neurochem. 2008 Sep;106(5):2158-69. Epub 2008 Jul 15. Furthermore, hyperthermia-induced depression of evIPSCs was attenuated by 4-aminopyridine, but not by BaCl (2). To investigate the possible mechanisms through which hyperthermia may modulate GABAergic neurotransmission in the hippocampus, whole-cell voltage clamp recordings were performed on CA1 pyramidal neurons in the immature rat brain slices. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 15990240 | Yamazaki Y, Hozumi Y, Kaneko K, Li J, Fujii S, Miyakawa H, Kudo Y, Kato H: Direct evidence for mutual interactions between perineuronal astrocytes and interneurons in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus. Neuroscience. 2005;134(3):791-802. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 11743993 | Ohno K, Higashima M: Effects of antiepileptic drugs on afterdischarge generation in rat hippocampal slices. Brain Res. 2002 Jan 4;924(1):39-45. We have recently reported that ictal-like afterdischarges (ADs) analogous to those in in vivo kindling models are induced by high-frequency stimulation (100 Hz, 1s) to the stratum radiatum of the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices. ADs were progressively enhanced following repetitive high-frequency stimulations to slices treated with 4-aminopyridine, a proconvulsive A-type potassium channel blocker. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 14581239 | Pankratov YV, Krishtal OA: Distinct quantal features of AMPA and synaptic currents in hippocampal neurons: implication of spillover and receptor saturation. Biophys J. 2003 Nov;85(5):3375-87. Excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) were studied in the CA1 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampal slices. Enhancement of transmitter release with 4-aminopyridine caused a significant increase in quantal size of EPSC. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 10720610 | Bruckner C, Heinemann U: Effects of standard anticonvulsant drugs on different patterns of epileptiform discharges induced by 4-aminopyridine in combined entorhinal cortex-hippocampal slices. Brain Res. 2000 Mar 17;859(1):15-20. In contrast, PB decreased the frequency of the RSDs in CA1 and enhanced the frequency of the NGPs in the EC. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 16417531 | Pena F, Alavez-Perez N: Epileptiform activity induced by pharmacologic reduction of M-current in the developing hippocampus in vitro. Epilepsia. 2006 Jan;47(1):47-54. Extracellular field recordings of the CA1 region were performed. After recording control conditions, linopirdine was added to the bath, and field activity was recorded continuously for 3 h. 4-Aminopyridine, a drug commonly used to induce epileptiform activity in vitro, was used as a control for our experimental conditions. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 19462247 | Keblesh JP, Dou H, Gendelman HE, Xiong H: 4-Aminopyridine improves spatial memory in a murine model of HIV-1 encephalitis. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2009 Sep;4(3):317-27. Epub 2009 May 23. Electrophysiology studies revealed a reduction of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 15002730 | Galvan E, Sitges M: Characterization of the participation of channels on the rise in Na+ induced by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) in synaptosomes. Neurochem Res. 2004 Feb;29(2):347-55. In contrast with the different TTX sensitivity of the rise in Na (i) induced by 0.1 and 1 mM 4-AP, the rise in Ca (i) (as determined with fura-2) induced by the two concentrations of 4-AP was markedly inhibited by TTX, as well as by omega-agatoxin in combination with omega-conotoxin GVIA, indicating that only the TTX-sensitive fraction of the rise in Na (i) induced by 4-AP is linked with the activation of presynaptic Ca2+ channels. |
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| 14975678 | Dougalis A, Lees G, Ganellin CR: The sleep lipid oleamide may represent an endogenous anticonvulsant: an in vitro comparative study in the 4-aminopyridine rat brain-slice model. Neuropharmacology. 2004 Mar;46(4):541-54. |
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| 16225894 | Lees G, Stohr T, Errington AC: Stereoselective effects of the novel anticonvulsant lacosamide against 4-AP induced epileptiform activity in rat visual cortex in vitro. Neuropharmacology. 2006 Jan;50(1):98-110. Epub 2005 Oct 12. Recording from visual cortex during application of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; 100 microM) revealed both spontaneous and evoked 'ictal like' discharges. |
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| 12401338 | Bikson M, Id Bihi R, Vreugdenhil M, Kohling R, Fox JE, Jefferys JG: Quinine suppresses extracellular transients and ictal epileptiform activity without decreasing neuronal excitability in vitro. Neuroscience. 2002;115(1):251-61. The frequency of spontaneous inter-ictal bursting induced by picrotoxin, high-K (+), or 4-aminopyridine was significantly increased. |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |
| 11739569 | Hu H, Shao LR, Chavoshy S, Gu N, Trieb M, Behrens R, Laake P, Pongs O, Knaus HG, Ottersen OP, Storm JF: Presynaptic Ca2+-activated K+ channels in glutamatergic hippocampal terminals and their role in spike repolarization and regulation of transmitter release. J Neurosci. 2001 Dec 15;21(24):9585-97. This was observed in the presence of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, 40-100 microm), which broadened the presynaptic compound action potential. |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |
| 11311981 | Sequeira SM, Malva JO, Carvalho AP, Carvalho CM: Presynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation inhibits neurotransmitter release through formation in rat hippocampal nerve terminals. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 2001 Apr 18;89(1-2):111-8. dose-dependently inhibited the release of evoked by 4-aminopyridine (IC (50)=155 microM), and this effect was reversed by the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist D-(-)-2-amino-5-phosphopentanoic acid and by the synthase inhibitor, L-nitroarginine, in synaptosomes isolated from whole hippocampus, CA3 and CA1 areas, but not from the dentate gyrus. |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |
| 15101824 | Martin ED, Pozo MA: reduced synaptic activity increase induced by 4-aminopyridine at the hippocampal CA3-CA1 synapse. Epilepsia. 2004 May;45(5):436-40. |
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| 11861330 | Andreasen M: Inhibition of slow Ca (2+)-activated K (+) current by 4-aminopyridine in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurones. Br J Pharmacol. 2002 Feb;135(4):1013-25. |
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| 10720637 | Marinelli S, Gatta F, Sagratella S: Effects of GYKI 52466 and some 2,3-benzodiazepine derivatives on hippocampal in vitro basal neuronal excitability and 4-aminopyridine epileptic activity. Eur J Pharmacol. 2000 Mar 10;391(1-2):75-80. In order to determine whether the anticonvulsant effect of 2, 3-benzodiazepines is also displayed in a model of in vitro epilepsy, such as the "epileptiform" hippocampal slice, we studied the effects of 2,3-benzodiazepine 1-(4-aminophenyl)-4-methyl-7, 8-methylenedioxe-5H 2,3-benzodiazepine hydrochloride (GYKI 52466) and some new 2,3-benzodiazepine derivatives on CA1 basal neuronal excitability and on CA1 epileptiform burst activity produced by 4-aminopyridine in rat hippocampal slices. |
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| 12720572 | Hosseinzadeh H, Nassiri Asl M: Anticonvulsant, sedative and muscle relaxant effects of carbenoxolone in mice. BMC Pharmacol. 2003 Apr 29;3:3. Epub 2003 Apr 29. In vitro studies have shown, carbenoxolone to abolish the generation of full or partial ectopic spike generation, by 4-aminopyridine, as well as spontaneous epileptiform activity in CA3 or CA1 regions of the rat hippocampal slices via closing GJ channels. |
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| 18596165 | Galic MA, Riazi K, Heida JG, Mouihate A, Fournier NM, Spencer SJ, Kalynchuk LE, Teskey GC, Pittman QJ: Postnatal inflammation increases seizure susceptibility in adult rats. J Neurosci. 2008 Jul 2;28(27):6904-13. Three weeks later, extracellular recordings from hippocampal slices revealed enhanced field EPSP slopes after Schaffer collateral stimulation and increased epileptiform burst-firing activity in CA1 after 4-aminopyridine application. |
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| 19776733 | Peng BW, Justice JA, Zhang K, He XH, Sanchez RM: Increased basal synaptic inhibition of hippocampal area CA1 pyramidal neurons by an antiepileptic drug that enhances I (H). Neuropsychopharmacology. 2010 Jan;35(2):464-72. Epub . |
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| 12560595 | Takagi H, Kodama K, Saito M, Suzuki H: Presynaptic K+ channel modulation is a crucial ionic basis of neuronal damage induced by ischemia in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Zoolog Sci. 2003 Jan;20(1):7-11. By combining electrophysiological methods and infra-red differential interference contrast (IR-DIC) imaging procedures, we showed for the first time that ISP is the result of extraordinary presynaptic depolarization in association with the suppression of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) sensitive K (+) channels at the presynaptic sites. |
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| 10822151 | Ramakers GM, Pasinelli P, van Beest M, van der Slot A, Gispen WH, De Graan PN: Activation of pre- and postsynaptic protein kinase C during tetraethylammonium-induced long-term potentiation in the CA1 field of the hippocampus. Neurosci Lett. 2000 May 26;286(1):53-6. |
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| 11444145 | Barna B, Kuhnt U, Siklos L: distribution in the CA1 region of newborn and adult hippocampus by light microscopic histochemistry. Histochem Cell Biol. 2001 Feb;115(2):105-16. In the 4-aminopyridine model of epilepsy, redistribution of from extracellular to intracellular space could also be demonstrated. |
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| 15150148 | Matsumoto S, Tanimoto T, Yoshida S, Ikeda M, Takeda M, Saiki C, Shimazu Y, Aoba T, Nasu M, Suzuki K: Effects of acetazolamide and 4-aminopyridine on CO2-induced slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptor inhibition in rats. Chem Senses. 2004 May;29(4):351-61. Inhibitory responses of slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptor (SAR) activity to CO (2) inhalation (maximal tracheal CO (2) concentration ranging from 9.5 to 12.5%) for approximately 60 s were examined before and after administration of acetazolamide (a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor) or 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, a K (+) channel blocker). |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 12559396 | Matsumoto S, Ikeda M, Nishikawa T, Yoshida S, Kadoi J, Tanimoto T, Saiki C, Takeda M: Effects of acetazolamide and 4-aminoprydine on the responses of deflationary slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors to CO2 inhalation in the rat. Life Sci. 2003 Feb 28;72(15):1757-71. The inhibitory effect of CO (2) on deflationary slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors (deflationary SARs) was investigated before and after administration of acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor, or 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), a K (+) channel blocker, in anesthetized, artificially ventilated rats after unilateral vagotomy. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 12019995 | Shapiro M: Effects of anion and cation inhibitors and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors upon the activity of the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) nucleo-polyhedrovirus. J Econ Entomol. 2002 Apr;95(2):237-42. None of the seven inhibitors of K+ enhanced viral activity and three (4-aminopyridine, and procaine) significantly reduced the activity of LdMNPV. |
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| 11877515 | Perkins KL: application to hippocampal CA3 or CA1 stratum lacunosum-moleculare excites an interneuron network. J Neurophysiol. 2002 Mar;87(3):1404-14. Recordings were done in the presence of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and blockers of ionotropic glutamatergic synaptic transmission. |
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| 11877514 | Watabe AM, Carlisle HJ, O'Dell TJ: Postsynaptic induction and presynaptic expression of group 1 mGluR-dependent LTD in the hippocampal CA1 region. J Neurophysiol. 2002 Mar;87(3):1395-403. Enhancing Ca (2+) influx by prolonging action potential duration with bath applications of the K (+) channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) also strongly reduced the effects of in the presence of normal [Ca (2+)](o) (2 mM). |
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| 16162834 | Kang N, Xu J, Xu Q, Nedergaard M, Kang J: Astrocytic release-induced transient depolarization and epileptiform discharges in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. J Neurophysiol. 2005 Dec;94(6):4121-30. Epub 2005 Sep 14. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 12027906 | Leniger T, Wiemann M, Bingmann D, Widman G, Hufnagel A, Bonnet U: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor sulthiame reduces intracellular pH and epileptiform activity of hippocampal CA3 neurons. Epilepsia. 2002 May;43(5):469-74. METHODS: The effects of sulthiame (a) on pHi of 2',7-bis (2-carboxyethyl)-5 (6)-carboxyfluorescein-acetoxymetyl ester (BCECF-AM) loaded CA3 neurones as well as (b) on epileptiform activity (induced by 50 microM 4-aminopyridine) were compared with those of the CA inhibitors acetazolamide and benzolamide. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 15114619 | Surges R, Freiman TM, Feuerstein TJ: Input resistance is voltage dependent due to activation of Ih channels in rat CA1 pyramidal cells. J Neurosci Res. 2004 May 15;76(4):475-80. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 12712959 | Abraham H, Losonczy A, Czeh G, Lazar GY: Potassium channel blockers tetraethylammonium and 4-aminopyridine fail to prevent microglial activation induced by elevated concentration. Acta Biol Hung. 2003;54(1):63-78. In order to check whether the functional alteration of the neuronal population induced by 4-aminopyridine caused the activation of the microglial cells, Schaffer collaterals were cut to block spreading of epileptiform hyperactivity of the CA3 pyramidal cells to the CA1 region. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 11067982 | Staff NP, Jung HY, Thiagarajan T, Yao M, Spruston N: Resting and active properties of pyramidal neurons in subiculum and CA1 of rat hippocampus. J Neurophysiol. 2000 Nov;84(5):2398-408. We also found that both regular spiking subicular and CA1 neurons could be transformed into a burst firing mode by application of a low concentration of 4-aminopyridine, suggesting that in both hippocampal subfields, firing properties are regulated by a slowly inactivating, D-type current. |
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| 12426060 | Breustedt J, Gloveli T, Heinemann U: Far field effects of seizure like events induced by application of 4-AP in combined entorhinal cortex hippocampal slices. Brain Res. 2002 Nov 22;956(1):173-7. Epileptiform activity induced by 4-AP in hippocampal area CA1 is characterised by short recurrent discharges. |
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| 12626609 | Jeong HJ, Jang IS, Nabekura J, Akaike N: Adenosine A1 receptor-mediated presynaptic inhibition of GABAergic transmission in immature rat hippocampal CA1 neurons. J Neurophysiol. 2003 Mar;89(3):1214-22. K (+) channel blockers, 4-aminopyridine (100 microM) and Ba (2+) (1 mM), had no effect on the inhibitory effect of CPA on GABAergic mIPSC frequency. |
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| 16840518 | Vervaeke K, Gu N, Agdestein C, Hu H, Storm JF: Kv7/KCNQ/M-channels in rat glutamatergic hippocampal axons and their role in regulation of excitability and transmitter release. J Physiol. 2006 Oct 1;576(Pt 1):235-56. Epub 2006 Jul 13. However, I (M) contributed to the refractory period in the axons when spikes were broadened by a low dose 4-aminopyridine (200 microm). By combining field-potential, whole-cell and intracellular recordings from area CA1 in rat hippocampal slices, and computational modelling, we provide evidence for functional M-channels in unmyelinated axons in the brain. |
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| 11784779 | D'Antuono M, Benini R, Biagini G, D'Arcangelo G, Barbarosie M, Tancredi V, Avoli M: Limbic network interactions leading to hyperexcitability in a model of temporal lobe epilepsy. J Neurophysiol. 2002 Jan;87(1):634-9. Here we tested this hypothesis and found that CA3-driven interictal discharges induced by 4-aminopyridine (4AP, 50 microM) in hippocampus-EC slices from mice injected with pilocarpine 13-22 days earlier have a lower frequency than in age-matched control slices. Moreover, EC-driven ictal-like discharges in pilocarpine-treated slices occur throughout the experiment (< or = 6 h) and spread to the CA1/subicular area via the temporoammonic path; in contrast, they disappear in control slices within 2 h of 4AP application and propagate via the trisynaptic hippocampal circuit. |
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| 11376889 | Huang H, Gao TM, Gong L, Zhuang Z, Li X: Potassium channel blocker TEA prevents CA1 hippocampal injury following transient forebrain ischemia in adult rats. Neurosci Lett. 2001 Jun 8;305(2):83-6. To understand the role of the enhanced current in the pathogenesis of neuronal damage after ischemia, we examined the effects of tetraethylammonium (TEA) and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) on the neuronal injury of CA1 region induced by 15 min forebrain ischemia using a four-vessel occlusion model. |
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| 15843047 | Sitges M, Galvan E, Nekrassov V: Vinpocetine blockade of channels inhibits the rise in and induced by 4-aminopyridine in synaptosomes. Neurochem Int. 2005 Jun;46(7):533-40. The question of how the cerebral excitability is affected was investigated by determining the effect of vinpocetine on the changes on the internal concentrations of Na (+) (Na (i)) and Ca (2+) (Ca (i)) induced by different concentrations of the convulsing agent 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) in striatal isolated nerve endings. |
10(0,0,1,5) | Details |
| 11110805 | Zhou M, Kimelberg HK: Freshly isolated astrocytes from rat hippocampus show two distinct current patterns and different [K (+)](o) uptake capabilities. J Neurophysiol. 2000 Dec;84(6):2746-57. The I (Ka) of VRAs was most sensitive to 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), while I (Kdr) of ORAs was more sensitive to tetraethylammonium (TEA). In the present study, we have addressed some of these questions in glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP (+)], freshly isolated astrocytes (FIAs) from CA1 and CA3 regions of P7-15 rat hippocampus. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 18359199 | Thone J, Leniger T, Splettstosser F, Wiemann M: Antiepileptic activity of zonisamide on hippocampal CA3 neurons does not depend on carbonic anhydrase inhibition. Epilepsy Res. 2008 May;79(2-3):105-11. Epub 2008 Mar 21. ZNS has also been reported to inhibit carbonic anhydrase activity and may thus influence neuronal activity via changes of pH. Epileptiform activity was induced by either 4-aminopyridine or |
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| 19906779 | Jones NA, Hill AJ, Smith I, Bevan SA, Williams CM, Whalley BJ, Stephens GJ: Cannabidiol displays antiepileptiform and antiseizure properties in vitro and in vivo. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2010 Feb;332(2):569-77. Epub 2009 Nov 11. CBD (0.01-100 muM) effects were assessed in vitro using the Mg (2+)-free and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) models of epileptiform activity in hippocampal brain slices via multielectrode array recordings. In the Mg (2+)-free model, CBD decreased epileptiform local field potential (LFP) burst amplitude [in CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG) regions] and burst duration (in all regions) and increased burst frequency (in all regions). |
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| 16181416 | Kopniczky Z, Dobo E, Borbely S, Vilagi I, Detari L, Krisztin-Peva B, Bagosi A, Molnar E, Mihaly A: Lateral entorhinal cortex lesions rearrange afferents, glutamate receptors, increase seizure latency and suppress seizure-induced c-fos expression in the hippocampus of adult rat. J Neurochem. 2005 Oct;95(1):111-24. The entorhinal cortex (EC) provides the predominant excitatory drive to the hippocampal CA1 and subicular neurones in chronic epilepsy. Here we analysed the effects of one-sided lateral EC (LEC) and temporoammonic (alvear) path lesion on the development and properties of 4-aminopyridine-induced seizures. |
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| 17604346 | Andreasen M, Skov J, Nedergaard S: Inwardly rectifying K (+) (Kir) channels antagonize ictal-like epileptiform activity in area CA1 of the rat hippocampus. Hippocampus. 2007;17(11):1037-48. In the complete absence of Cs (+), the Cs-FP could be fully reconstructed by the combined application of 4-aminopyridine (0.5 mM), an isosmotic high extracellular concentration of K (+) ([K (+)](o), 7 mM), and low [Na (+)](o) (51.25 mM). |
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| 11520313 | Avoli M: Do interictal discharges promote or control seizures? Experimental evidence from an in vitro model of epileptiform discharge. Epilepsia. 2001;42 Suppl 3:2-4. In this preparation, application of 4-aminopyridine or Mg2+-free medium induce (a) interictal discharges that originated from CA3 and propagate (via the Schaffer collaterals) to CA1 and entorhinal cortex, to return to the hippocampus through the dentate area; and (b) ictal discharges that initiate in the entorhinal cortex and propagate to the hippocampus via the dentate gyrus. |
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| 11110813 | Chi XX, Xu ZC: Differential changes of currents in CA1 pyramidal neurons after transient forebrain ischemia. J Neurophysiol. 2000 Dec;84(6):2834-43. |
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| 10634883 | Hochman DW, Schwartzkroin PA: -cotransport blockade desynchronizes neuronal discharge in the "epileptic" hippocampal slice. J Neurophysiol. 2000 Jan;83(1):406-17. Spontaneous epileptiform discharges were recorded from the CA1 and CA3 cell body layers of hippocampal slices. Intracellular recordings during 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) treatment showed that prolonged low-[Cl (-)](o) exposure did not diminish the frequency or amplitude of spontaneous postsynaptic potentials. |
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| 15157806 | Lozovaya N, Melnik S, Tsintsadze T, Grebenyuk S, Kirichok Y, Krishtal O: Protective cap over CA1 synapses: extrasynaptic does not reach the postsynaptic density. Brain Res. 2004 Jun 18;1011(2):195-205. We have tested this possibility in the hippocampal CA1 synapses of rats, either by applying exogenous to the CA1 neurons or by disruption of transporter activity. |
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| 15051526 | Gu Y, Ge SY, Ruan DY: Effect of 4-aminopyridine on synaptic transmission in rat hippocampal slices. Brain Res. 2004 May 1;1006(2):225-32. Extracellular field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) were recorded in area CA1 of rat hippocampal slices in vitro. |
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| 15390159 | Brown JT, Richardson JC, Collingridge GL, Randall AD, Davies CH: Synaptic transmission and synchronous activity is disrupted in hippocampal slices taken from aged TAS10 mice. Hippocampus. 2005;15(1):110-7. A significant deficit in the input-output relationship of glutamatergic synapses in the CA3-CA1 Schaffer collateral pathway was observed, while synaptic transmission in the medial perforant pathway of the dentate gyrus was comparatively preserved. However, synchronized network activity induced by bath application of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) was compromised. |
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| 15374744 | Liu X, Stan Leung L: -activated conductance participates in the depolarizing afterpotential following a single action potential in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells. Brain Res. 2004 Oct 15;1023(2):185-92. Similarly, extracellular tetraethylammonium (TEA; 10 mM), 4-aminopyridine (3-10 mM) increased DAP and shifted the DAP10 reversal potential to a depolarizing direction. |
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| 15716411 | Xu J, Kang N, Jiang L, Nedergaard M, Kang J: Activity-dependent long-term potentiation of intrinsic excitability in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. J Neurosci. 2005 Feb 16;25(7):1750-60. |
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| 15197104 | Leniger T, Thone J, Wiemann M: modulates pH of hippocampal CA3 neurons by combined effects on carbonic anhydrase and Cl-/HCO3- exchange. Br J Pharmacol. 2004 Jul;142(5):831-42. Epub 2004 Jun 14. |
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