Protein Information

Name phospholipase C
Synonyms PLC L; PLCE; PLC L (PLC epsilon); PLCL; PLCL 1; PLCL1; PLDL 1; PLDL1…

Compound Information

Name sodium fluoride
CAS sodium fluoride (NaF)

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
9167640 Ren S, Cockell KA, Fenton JW 2nd, Angel A, Shen GX: G proteins and phospholipase C mediate thrombin-induced generation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 from vascular smooth muscle cells. J Vasc Res. 1997 Mar-Apr;34(2):82-9.

Sodium fluoride (1 mM) stimulated PAI-1 generation from BASMC.
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11679958 Schepke M, Heller J, Paschke S, Thomas J, Wolff M, Neef M, Malago M, Molderings GJ, Spengler U, Sauerbruch T: Contractile hyporesponsiveness of hepatic arteries in humans with cirrhosis: evidence for a receptor-specific mechanism. Hepatology. 2001 Nov;34(5):884-8.


Both stimulation of the G-protein phospholipase C pathway via the thromboxane A (2) receptor and receptor-independent G-protein stimulation with AlCl (3)/NaF, induced an intact contractile response.
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8731456 Karege F, Bovier P, Rudolph W, Gaillard JM: Platelet phosphoinositide signaling system: an overstimulated pathway in depression. Biol Psychiatry. 1996 Apr 15;39(8):697-702.

Results that express phospholipase C activity have shown significant increase in the metabolites of epinephrine-stimulated tritiated phosphatidyl-4,5-biphosphate (3H-PIP2) with respect to basal activity (saline-stimulated).
Thrombin (2 units) and 10 mM sodium fluoride (NaF) also induced an increase in 3H-PIP2 metabolites.
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10805281 Fuse I, Higuchi W, Aizawa Y: Pathogenesis of a bleeding disorder characterized by platelet unresponsiveness to thromboxane A2. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2000;26(1):43-5.


The platelets of three patients had the ability to bind exogenous TXA2, but synthetic TXA2 mimetic-induced postreceptor biochemical events, such as IP3 formation, Ca2+ mobilization, phosphatidic acid formation, and GTPase activities, were selectively defective, suggesting impaired coupling between the TXA2 receptor and phospholipase C activation.
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11682701 Misurski DA, Hopfner RL, Gopalakrishnan V: Attenuated agonist evoked vasoconstrictor responses in the perfused mesenteric vascular bed of streptozotocin diabetic rats. Exp Biol Med. 2001 Nov;226(10):940-6.

Changes in agonist-evoked responses in the 14-week-old diabetic group were unaffected by the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, staurosporine, the phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor, U73122, the calcium channel blocker, nifedipine, the calcium pump inhibitor, cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), or by endothelial denudation.
Sodium fluoride (NaF), an activator of guanosine triphosphate binding proteins (G proteins) normalized the responses in the 14-week-old diabetic group.
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9075338 Kovacs P, Csaba G, Nakashima S, Nozawa Y: Phospholipase D activity in the Tetrahymena pyriformis GL. Cell Biochem Funct. 1997 Mar;15(1):53-60.

In Tetrahymena pyriformis GL this enzyme activity is enhanced by different kinds of agonists (sodium orthovanadate, sodium fluoride and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate), and its activity can be inhibited by inhibitors such as pertussis toxin, calphostin C, genistein, trifluoperazine.
These results suggest that the PLD signalling pathway is connected with the tyrosine kinase, phospholipase C, phosphatidylinositol and G-protein coupled signalling pathways.
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17581686 Miranda LC, Viaro F, Ceneviva R, Evora PR: Endothelium-dependent and -independent hepatic artery vasodilatation is not impaired in a canine model of liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2007 Jun;40(6):857-65.

The nitric oxide endothelium-dependent relaxation of hepatic artery rings contracted with prostaglandin F2a and exposed to increasing concentrations of acetylcholine, calcium ionophore A23187, sodium fluoride, phospholipase-C, poly-L-arginine, isoproterenol, and sodium nitroprusside was evaluated in organ-chamber experiments.
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9176218 Im DS, Fujioka T, Katada T, Kondo Y, Ui M, Okajima F: Characterization of sphingosine 1-phosphate-induced actions and its signaling pathways in rat hepatocytes. Am J Physiol. 1997 May;272(5 Pt 1):G1091-9.


Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S-1-P) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) stimulated glycogen phosphorylase, a rate-limiting enzyme responsible for glycogenolysis, in association with Ca2+ mobilization and phospholipase C (PLC) activation in rat hepatocytes.
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9231714 Blanc EM, Kelly JF, Mark RJ, Waeg G, Mattson MP: 4-Hydroxynonenal, an aldehydic product of lipid peroxidation, impairs signal transduction associated with muscarinic acetylcholine and metabotropic glutamate receptors: possible action on G alpha (q/11). J Neurochem. 1997 Aug;69(2):570-80.


We now report that 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), an aldehydic product of lipid peroxidation, disrupts coupling of muscarinic cholinergic receptors and metabotropic glutamate receptors to phospholipase C-linked GTP-binding proteins in cultured rat cerebrocortical neurons.
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12193936 Hurd WW, Natarajan V, Fischer JR, Singh DM, Gibbs SG, Fomin VP: Magnesium sulfate inhibits the oxytocin-induced production of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in cultured human myometrial cells. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002 Aug;187(2):419-24.

CONCLUSION: Magnesium sulfate appears to inhibit phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate-specific phospholipase C activity and subsequent calcium release in cultured myometrial cells by a direct effect on phospholipase C.
Inositol trisphosphate was measured in the primary myometrial cell cultures after stimulation with oxytocin, sodium fluoride, or Bay K 8644 with or without preincubation with magnesium sulfate or nifedipine.
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8632163 Jope RS, Song L, Li PP, Young LT, Kish SJ, Pacheco MA, Warsh JJ: The phosphoinositide signal transduction system is impaired in bipolar affective disorder brain. J Neurochem. 1996 Jun;66(6):2402-9.


G proteins coupled to phospholipase C were concentration-dependently activated by guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTP gamma S) and by NaF.
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9053741 Lin WW: Potentiation of stimulus-induced phosphoinositide breakdown by calmodulin antagonists in C6 glioma cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1995 Dec;352(6):679-84.


To investigate the role of calmodulin (CaM)-dependent pathways in agonist-induced phosphoinositide (PI) turnover, the influence of several CaM antagonists on PI-phospholipase C (PLC) activation in intact and permeabilized C6 glioma cells was examined.
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10888470 Kovacs P, Csaba G: Fluorimetric analysis of phospholipase activity in Tetrahymena pyriformis GL. Biosci Rep. 1999 Apr;19(2):81-7.


Results of these experiments indicate that some treatments could be specific for a well defined activity (e.g., phospholipase A2, G-protein) but subject to influence by other enzymes (e.g., phospholipase C, sphingomyelinase).
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9186275 Kardasz AM, Thams P, Capito K, Hedeskov CJ: Carbamoylcholine regulation of polyphosphoinositide synthesis and hydrolysis in cultured, dispersed, digitonin-permeabilized mouse pancreatic islet cells. Eur J Endocrinol. 1997 May;136(5):539-45.


In the present study we have investigated how this pathway and the activity of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) are regulated by carbamoylcholine (CCh), Ca2+, the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), GTP gamma S and NaF in 44-h [3H] inositol-labelled, dispersed and digitonin-permeabilized mouse pancreatic islet cells.
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8938585 Capito K, Hansen SE, Thams P: Production of [3H] choline-labelled metabolites from endogenously 3H-labelled phosphatidylcholine in mouse pancreatic islets. J Mol Endocrinol. 1996 Oct;17(2):101-7.


Phospholipase C (PLC) and phospholipase D (PLD) activities were demonstrated and also that of an enzyme that removes both fatty acids from PC and thus catalyses the production of [3H] glycerophosphorylcholine (GroPCho).
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8647917 Suzuki A, Kozawa O, Shinoda J, Watanabe Y, Saito H, Oiso Y: Thrombin induces proliferation of osteoblast-like cells through phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis. J Cell Physiol. 1996 Jul;168(1):209-16.


Thrombin had only a slight effect on phosphoinositide-hydrolyzing phospholipase C activity.
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8913370 Theroux TL, Esbenshade TA, Peavy RD, Minneman KP: Coupling efficiencies of human alpha 1-adrenergic receptor subtypes: titration of receptor density and responsiveness with inducible and repressible expression vectors. Mol Pharmacol. 1996 Nov;50(5):1376-87.

These studies show that agonist-occupied human alpha 1-AR subtypes have different efficiencies in activating phospholipase C in human cell lines.
Maximal NE-stimulated InsP formation was found to increase with increasing density of each subtype, whereas basal levels and responses to sodium fluoride did not change.
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10701555 Fetterer RH, Rhoads ML: Characterization of acid phosphatase and phosphorylcholine hydrolase in adult Haemonchus contortus. J Parasitol. 2000 Feb;86(1):1-6.


The AP had a pH optimum of 4.5 and was inhibited by tartaric acid and sodium fluoride, but not by o-phenanthroline.
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11513842 Peh KH, Moulson A, Wan BY, Assem EK, Pearce FL: Role of nitric oxide in histamine release from human basophils and rat peritoneal mast cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 2001 Aug 17;425(3):229-38.


None of the inhibitors of NO production had any striking effect on histamine release induced by anti-rat immunoglobulin E (IgE), compound 48/80, sodium fluoride, phospholipase C, 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol or ionophore A23187.
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15521067 Garcia-Marcos M, Tandel S, Pochet S, Genin J, De Lorenzi M, Gomez F, Kumps A, Marino A, Dehaye JP: Cholesterol depletion perturbs calcium handling by rat submandibular glands. J Cell Physiol. 2005 May;203(2):429-38.

Exposure of the cellular suspension with MCD nearly abolished the response to carbachol, epinephrine, and substance P and inhibited the activation of phospholipase C (PLC) by these agonists and by sodium fluoride.
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11728390 Wan BY, Peh KH, Ho M, Assem ES: Effects of nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide on histamine release from RBL-2H3 cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 2001 Dec 1;62(11):1537-44.

HR induced by A23187, DNP-HSA, sodium fluoride or phospholipase C was markedly reduced by MB, but mildly by L-NA (both at 1-100 microM).
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11968002 Hatakeyama D, Kozawa O, Otsuka T, Shibata T, Uematsu T: Zinc suppresses IL-6 synthesis by prostaglandin F2alpha in osteoblasts: inhibition of phospholipase C and phospholipase D. J Cell Biochem. 2002;85(3):621-8.

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9622602 Hodson EA, Ashley CC, Hughes AD, Lymn JS: Regulation of phospholipase C-delta by GTP-binding proteins-rhoA as an inhibitory modulator. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1998 May 27;1403(1):97-101.

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9365931 Chuprun JK, Rapoport RM: Protein kinase C regulation of ATP-induced phosphoinositide hydrolysis in bovine aorta endothelial cells. J Recept Signal Transduct Res. 1997 Nov;17(6):787-814.

This study investigated the mechanism of protein kinase C-mediated inhibition of ATP-induced phospholipase C activation in cultured bovine aorta endothelial cells (BAEC).
In membranes prepared from these PMA-treated cells, Ca (2+)-, sodium fluoride-, GTP gamma S-, and ATP plus GTP gamma S-stimulated inositol bisphosphate, but not inositol trisphosphate, formation was inhibited.
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9316442 Mitchell J, Bansal A: Dexamethasone increases G alpha q-11 expression and hormone-stimulated phospholipase C activity in UMR-106-01 cells. Am J Physiol. 1997 Sep;273(3 Pt 1):E528-35.

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10989278 Kozawa O, Kawamura H, Matsuno H, Uematsu T: p38 MAP kinase is involved in the signalling of sphingosine in osteoblasts: sphingosine inhibits prostaglandin F (2alpha)-induced phosphoinositide hydrolysis. Cell Signal. 2000 Jul;12(7):447-50.


In the present study, we investigated the effect of sphingosine on phospholipase C-catalyzing phosphoinositide hydrolysis induced by PGF (2alpha) in these cells.
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10329403 Hodson EA, Ashley CC, Lymn JS: Association of heterotrimeric G-proteins with bovine aortic phospholipase C gamma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999 May 10;258(2):425-30.

Here, we show that bovine aortic PLCgamma1 activity is substantially enhanced by both GTPgammaS and sodium fluoride.
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10823668 Murao H, Sakagami N, Iguchi T, Murakami T, Suketa Y: Sodium fluoride increases intracellular calcium in rat renal epithelial cell line NRK-52E. Biol Pharm Bull. 2000 May;23(5):581-4.

In addition, fluoride activates phospholipase C, but inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) didn't induce Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
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8754735 Laglia G, Zeiger MA, Leipricht A, Caturegli P, Levine MA, Kohn LD, Saji M: Increased cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate inhibits G protein-coupled activation of phospholipase C in rat FRTL-5 thyroid cells. Endocrinology. 1996 Aug;137(8):3170-6.

Although levels of immunoreactive Gq alpha and Gq alpha 11 were normal in TG8 cells, sodium fluoride-induced [3H] IP production was also inhibited.
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15877111 Amira S, Mule F: Effects of sodium fluoride on the mechanical activity in mouse gastric preparations. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2005 Apr;83(4):367-73.

Moreover, it was abolished by neomycin (an inhibitor of phospholipase C) and potentiated by SQ22536 (an inhibitor of adenylyl cyclase).
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8712527 Dodam JR, Adler KB, Olson NC: Effect of pertussis toxin and B-oligomer on platelet-activating factor-induced generation of inositol phosphates in porcine alveolar macrophages. Am J Vet Res. 1996 Apr;57(4):574-9.


PROCEDURE: Phospholipase C activation was assessed, using anion exchange chromatography to measure accumulation of inositol phosphates in [3H] myo-inositol-labeled alveolar macrophages.
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16412418 Sayers I, Swan C, Hall IP: The effect of beta2-adrenoceptor agonists on phospholipase C (beta1) signalling in human airway smooth muscle cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 2006 Feb 15;531(1-3):9-12. Epub 2006 Jan 17.

Stimulation of cells (1 microM isoprenaline or salbutamol for 2-48 h or 10 (-9)-10 (-4) M for 24 h) had no effect on PLC-beta1 gene expression. 1 microM beta2-adrenoceptor agonist treatment for 24 h did not alter sodium fluoride Inositol Phosphate (IP) responses, however augmented histamine IP responses (P <0.05).
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11029753 Kozawa O, Yamamoto T, Tanabe K, Akamatsu S, Dohi S, Uematsu T: Enhancement by sphingosine 1-phosphate in vasopressin-induced phosphoinositide hydrolysis in aortic smooth-muscle cells: involvement of p38 MAP kinase. J Cell Biochem. 2000 Sep 18;80(1):46-52.


In the present study, we investigated the effect of sphingomyelin metabolites on phospholipase C-catalyzing phosphoinositide hydrolysis induced by arginine vasopressin (AVP) in A10 cells.
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8697199 Samii SI, Webb RA: The stimulatory effect of L-glutamate and related agents on inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate production in the cestode Hymenolepis diminuta. Comp Biochem Physiol C Pharmacol Toxicol Endocrinol. 1996 Mar;113(3):409-20.

Collectively, the data support the hypothesis that in the cestode H. diminuta, L-glutamate activation of a metabotropic (ACPD) and/or ionotropic-like AMPA/NMDA receptor subtypes proceeds via a G protein (s) to enhance phospholipase C activity, ultimately resulting in the elevation of Ins (1,4,5) P3 levels in the tissues.
A role for G-protein (s) was supported by the observations that sodium fluoride stimulated Ins (1,4,5) P3 generation, and the L-glutamate response was potentiated by GTP and GTP-S and was suppressed by GDPS.
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9581864 Tokuda H, Kozawa O, Harada A, Uematsu T: Tiludronate inhibits interleukin-6 synthesis in osteoblasts: inhibition of phospholipase D activation in MC3T3-E1 cells. J Cell Biochem. 1998 Jun 1;69(3):252-9.


In previous studies, we have reported that PGF2alpha stimulates phosphoinositide hydrolysis by phospholipase C and phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis by phospholipase D through heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells, and that PGF2alpha and PGE1 induce interleukin-6 (IL-6) synthesis via activation of protein kinase C and protein kinase A, respectively.
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