Protein Information

Name mitochondrial ATPase
Synonyms ATP synthase H+ transporting mitochondrial F1 complex epsilon subunit; ATP synthase epsilon chain mitochondrial; ATP5E; ATP5E protein; ATPE; F0F1 ATPase; H+ transporting two sector ATPase; Mitochondrial ATP synthase epsilon chain…

Compound Information

Name rotenone
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
10650729 Anup R, Madesh M, Balasubramanian KA: Enterocyte mitochondrial dysfunction due to oxidative stress. Indian J Biochem Biophys. 1999 Aug;36(4):266-71.

There was an appreciable amount of H2O2 production in presence of succinate, glutamate and pyruvate, while the presence of rotenone with succinate further increased production.
A decreased mitochondrial ATPase activity and uncoupling of respiration was also observed.
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3514901 Ginsburg H, Divo AA, Geary TG, Boland MT, Jensen JB: Effects of mitochondrial inhibitors on intraerythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum in in vitro cultures. J Protozool. 1986 Feb;33(1):121-5.


In the present study, inhibitors of mitochondrial function including compounds which act on NADH and succinate dehydrogenases, electron transport and mitochondrial ATPase, as well as uncouplers, were found to inhibit the growth and propagation of the human parasite Plasmodium falciparum in in vitro cultures at concentrations that specifically affect mitochondrial functions.
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6498833 Nakashima RA, Paggi MG, Pedersen PL: Contributions of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation to adenosine 5'-triphosphate production in AS-30D hepatoma cells. Cancer Res. 1984 Dec;44(12 Pt 1):5702-6.


Moreover, cellular respiration was found to be coupled to phosphorylation of ADP, as demonstrated by its inhibition by oligomycin and aurovertin, inhibitors of the mitochondrial ATP synthetase (F0F1-ATPase).
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11804876 Matecki S, Py G, Lambert K, Peyreigne C, Mercier J, Prefaut C, Ramonatxo M: Effect of prolonged undernutrition on rat diaphragm mitochondrial respiration. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2002 Feb;26(2):239-45.


With succinate plus rotenone, there was no significant difference in the respiratory rate between groups.
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1534202 Noll T, Koop A, Piper HM: Mitochondrial ATP-synthase activity in cardiomyocytes after aerobic-anaerobic metabolic transition. Am J Physiol. 1992 May;262(5 Pt 1):C1297-303.


The inhibitor of the mitochondrial F1,F0-proton ATPase oligomycin, however, added upon establishment of hypoxia, did not slow down, as in the case of depolarized mitochondria, but moderately accelerated energy depletion. 2) Activation of mitochondrial ATP hydrolysis could be provoked in these hypoxic cells by addition of cyanide, antimycin A, and rotenone, i.e., specific inhibitors of certain sites of the respiratory chain.
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232293 Gurtubay JI, Martinez J, Gutierrez-Arranz A, Goni FM: Assay of mitochondrial membrane-bound enzyme activities in the presence of triton X-100. Rev Esp Fisiol. 1979 Dec;35(4):395-400.


Succinate: cytochrome c reductase and rotenone-sensitive NADH: cytochrome c reductase activities are destroyed even a low detergent concentrations.
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10549166 Khar A, Ali AM, Begum Z, Pardhasaradhi BV, Varalakshmi C: Induction of apoptosis in AK-5 cells by rotenone involves participation of caspases. Indian J Biochem Biophys. 1999 Apr;36(2):77-81.

AK-5 tumour cells undergo apoptosis after treatment with rotenone an electron transport inhibitor and oligomycin which inhibits mitochondrial ATPases.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
8276114 Chernyak BV, Dedov VN, Gabai VL: Mitochondrial ATP hydrolysis and ATP depletion in thymocytes and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. FEBS Lett. 1994 Jan 3;337(1):56-9.

Complete deenergization of mitochondria by uncoupler or rotenone in these cells resulted in inactivation of mitochondrial ATPase by 65-75%.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
8268314 Ritov VB, Gorbacheva LR, Tverdislova IL, Leikin IuN, Bazhenov IuI: [Rotenone-sensitive oxidation of NADH and F0F1-ATPase activity in a homogenate of rat skeletal muscles during thermal adaptation]. Biokhimiia. 1993 Nov;58(11):1779-87.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
7578568 Dedov VN, Gabai VL, Cherniak BV: [Effect of protein inhibitors of mitochondrial ATPase in intact rat thymocytes and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells]. Biokhimiia. 1995 Jul;60(7):1138-45.

It has been found that inhibition of mitochondrial ATPase in living thymocytes and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells after incubation of cells with uncoupler, rotenone or cumene hydroperoxide, depends, in a large measure, on the inhibitor protein (IF1) action.
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6242755 Breen GA: Genetics of the mammalian oxidative phosphorylation system: characterization of a new oligomycin-resistant Chinese hamster ovary cell line. Mol Cell Biol. 1982 Jul;2(7):772-81.

Olir 2.2 cells were cross-resistant to other inhibitors of the mitochondrial ATPase (such as rutamycin, ossamycin, peliomycin, venturicidin, leucinostatin, and efrapeptin) and to other inhibitors of mitochondrial functions (such as chloramphenicol, rotenone, and antimycin).
32(0,1,1,2) Details
17173871 Molchanova SM, Oja SS, Saransaari P: Inhibitory effect of taurine on veratridine-evoked D-[3H] aspartate release from murine corticostriatal slices: involvement of chloride channels and mitochondria. Brain Res. 2007 Jan 26;1130(1):95-102. Epub 2006 Dec 14.

The respiratory chain blocker rotenone or mitochondrial protonophore carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) in combination with the mitochondrial ATPase inhibitor oligomycin, which inhibits the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter, also reduced the effect of taurine.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
6344368 Poliakova IA, Zorov DB, Leikina MI: [Polarographic study of cell respiration in a tissue culture] . Tsitologiia. 1983 Feb;25(2):162-7.

The respiration rate is found to be enhanced by uncoupler and suppressed by the inhibitors of the electron flow chain (NaCN, antimycin A, amytal, rotenone) and mitochondrial ATPase (oligomycin and diciclohexylcarbodiimide).
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14570403 Sipos I, Tretter L, Adam-Vizi V: The production of reactive oxygen species in intact isolated nerve terminals is independent of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Neurochem Res. 2003 Oct;28(10):1575-81.

Inhibition of the F0F1-ATPase by oligomycin, which also eliminates deltapsim in the presence of rotenone and antimycin, respectively, was also without effect on the ROS formation induced by rotenone and only slightly reduced the antimycin-induced H2O2 production.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
129171 Dolgov AV, Ismanlov AD, Liakhovich VV, Severina II, Skulachev VP, Fateeva LA: [Respiration toxins as inhibitors of ion transport, supported by ATP hydrolysis, in mitochondria]. Biokhimiia. 1975 Sep-Oct;40(5):934-41.

The combination of three respiration inhibitors (cyanide, antimycin and rotenone) was shown to develope the following effects: 1) the inhibition of K+ accumulation by mitochondria at the presence of ATP and valinomycin; 2) the decrease in acidification of non-mitochondrial space, accompanying to the K+ transport; 3) the activation of latent mitochondrial ATPase; 4) the inhibition of DNP-stimulated ATPase; 5) the inhibition of mitochondria swelling, caused by K+, Ca2+, or dimethyldibenzylammonium (DDA+) at the presence of ATP+phopshate (or acetate); 6) the stimulation of passive mitochondria swelling in 0.1 MNH4NO3; 7) the inhibition of ATP-induced contraction of mitochondria, swelling in NH4NO3.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
16663354 Marin B: Sensitivity of Tonoplast-Bound Adenosine-Triphosphatase from Hevea to Inhibitors. Plant Physiol. 1983 Dec;73(4):973-977.

The inhibitors of the mitochondrial ATPase, oligomycin and azide, and also rotenone and antimycin A, were all without effect.
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2144730 Tonsgard JH, Tung B, Kornafel KS, Getz GS: Environmentally induced differential amplification of mitochondrial populations. Biochem J. 1990 Sep 1;270(2):511-8.

The TL mitochondrial NADH-cytochrome c reductase is resistant to rotenone, whereas that of A9 mitochondria is sensitive to this agent.
Resistance to the drug rutamycin, an inhibitor of mitochondrial ATPase, has been shown to be cytoplasmically inherited in a mouse fibroblast line (TL) on fusion of the cytoplast (enTL) with a nucleated recipient A9 [Lichtor & Getz (1978) Proc.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
10386974 Chinopoulos C, Tretter L, Adam-Vizi V: Depolarization of in situ mitochondria due to hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in nerve terminals: inhibition of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. J Neurochem. 1999 Jul;73(1):220-8.

When complex I of the respiratory chain was inhibited by rotenone (2 microM), delta psi (m) was unaltered, but on subsequent addition of H2O2, delta psi (m) started to decrease and collapsed during incubation with 0.5 mM H2O2 for 12 min.
H2O2 also induced a marked reduction in delta psi (m) when added after oligomycin (10 microM), an inhibitor of F0F1-ATPase.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
8600999 Shabalina IG, Kolosova NG, Grishanova AIu, Solov'ev VN, Salganik RI, Solov'eva NA: [Oxidative phosphorylation activity, F0F1-ATPase and level of liver mitochondrial cytochromes in rats with congenitally increased ability for free radical formation]. Biokhimiia. 1995 Dec;60(12):2045-52.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
14756632 Yurkov IS, Kruglov AG, Evtodienko YV, Yaguzhinsky LS: Mechanism of superoxide anion generation in intact mitochondria in the presence of lucigenin and cyanide. Biochemistry. 2003 Dec;68(12):1349-59.

Increase in transmembrane potential (Deltaphi) value by stimulating F0F1-ATPase functioning (induced by addition of MgATP to the incubation medium) caused potent stimulation of the rate of cyanide-resistant respiration.
At high Deltaphi values (in the presence of MgATP) cyanide resistant respiration of mitochondria in the presence of succinate or malate with pyruvate was insensitive to tenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTFA) or rotenone, respectively.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
10762084 Chinopoulos C, Tretter L, Adam-Vizi V: Reversible depolarization of in situ mitochondria by oxidative stress parallels a decrease in NAD (P) H level in nerve terminals. Neurochem Int. 2000 May;36(6):483-8.

Neurochem. 73, 220 228) that mitochondrial membrane potential (delta (psi) m) in isolated nerve terminals is markedly reduced by H2O2 in the absence of F0F1-ATPase working as a proton pump.
The effect of H2O2 on delta (psi) m in the presence of the complex I inhibitor, rotenone, was also unaltered by addition of catalase.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
6448069 De Gomez-Puyou MT, Gavilanes M, Gomez-Puyou A, Ernster L: Control of activity states of heart mitochondrial ATPase. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1980 Oct 3;592(3):396-405.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
6451185 Rouslin W, Millard RW: Mitochondrial inner membrane enzyme defects in porcine myocardial ischemia. Am J Physiol. 1981 Feb;240(2):H308-13.

After 2 h of occlusion, mitochondria from the ischemic area exhibited a 36 +/- 6% drop in state 3 respiratory activity (QO2) supported by the NAD-linked substrates, glutamate plus malate, but only a 5 +/- 3% decrease in QO2 with succinate plus rotenone.
Mitochondrial ATPase (complex V) activity decreased by 48 +/- 2% with little change in its oligomycin sensitivity.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12177194 Vanden Berghe P, Kenyon JL, Smith TK: Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake regulates the excitability of myenteric neurons. . J Neurosci. 2002 Aug 15;22(16):6962-71.

The respiratory chain blockers antimycin A and rotenone (10 microm) had similar effects that developed more slowly.
Blockade of the F0F1 ATPase by oligomycin (10 microm) had variable effects on myenteric neurons.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
6271065 Tu SI, Okazaki H, Ramirez F, Lam E, Marecek JF: Mutual regulation between mitochondrial ATPase and respiratory chain activities. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1981 Aug;210(1):124-31.

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6213435 Boquist L, Nelson L: Effect of alloxan on phosphate transport in isolated mouse liver mitochondria: influence of pH, and differentiation between influx and efflux of phosphate. Diabete Metab. 1982 Jun;8(2):121-7.

Swelling in the FCCP-ATP system in the presence of alloxan and NEM was unaffected by rotenone and cysteine but was blocked by oligomycin, whereas the swelling caused by mersalyl was unaffected by rotenone, blocked by oligomycin, and reversed by cysteine.
Alloxan stimulated mitochondrial ATPase activity, this effect being blocked by oligomycin.
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6787824 Bohme G, Schonfeld P, Kuster U, Kunz W, Lyr H: The multifunctional actions of beta-thujaplicin on the oxidative energy transformations as a consequence of its lipophilic and chelating properties. Acta Biol Med Ger. 1980;39(11-12):1153-63.

The influence of the fungicidic compound beta-thujaplicin (beta-isopropyl-tropolone) on the energy transformation processes of oxidative phosphorylation was investigated in isolated rat liver mitochondria with succinate (plus rotenone) as substrate.
To elucidate the observed strong inhibition of active respiration by beta-thujaplicin three possibilities were assayed: the inhibition of 1) transport processes across the inner mitochondrial membrane for inorganic phosphate, adenine nucleotides, or succinate, 2) electron flux along the respiratory chain, and 3) mitochondrial ATPase.
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9916153 Galitovsky VE, Gogvadze VG: Inhibitors of mitochondrial energy production prevent DNA internucleosomal fragmentation in thymocytes. Biochemistry. 1998 Dec;63(12):1374-7.

Here we show that neither inhibitors of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (rotenone and antimycin) nor an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation (carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone), agents which decrease the mitochondrial membrane potential, induce DNA internucleosomal fragmentation, but all of them markedly prevent fragmentation induced either by glucocorticoids or the Ca2+ ionophore A23187.
A similar effect was also observed in the presence of a mitochondrial ATPase inhibitor (oligomycin).
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8898917 Rigoulet M, Devin A, Averet N, Vandais B, Guerin B: Mechanisms of inhibition and uncoupling of respiration in isolated rat liver mitochondria by the general anesthetic 2,6-diisopropylphenol. Eur J Biochem. 1996 Oct 1;241(1):280-5.


In the absence of added ADP, diisopropylphenol modifies some mitochondrial ATPases in such a way that they become insensitive to oligomycin and unable to couple proton movement to ATP synthesis or hydrolysis.
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1752631 Sitaramam V, Sambasivarao D: NADH-dependent respiration in osmotically inactive swollen mitochondria: does transport replace phosphorylation in mediating respiratory control in swollen mitochondria?. Indian J Biochem Biophys. 1991 Aug;28(4):291-300.

Rotenone-sensitive, uncoupler-insensitive, NADH-dependent respiration was demonstrated in osmotically inactive fragments of the mitochondrial inner-membrane obtained following high amplitude (spontaneous) swelling.
This NADH-dependent respiration as well as mitochondrial ATPase activity was stimulated by ligands which are known to be transported by specific transporters/mechanisms.
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140067 Yamazaki RK, Sax RD, Hauser MA: Glucagon stimulation of mitochondrial ATPase and potassium ion transport. FEBS Lett. 1977 Mar 15;75(1):295-9.

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235465 Alexandre A, Rossi CR, Carignani G, Rossi CS: Regulation of mitochondrial ATPase. FEBS Lett. 1975 Mar 15;52(1):107-10.

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123770 Bertina RM, Slater EC: The effects of phosphate and electron transport on the carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone-induced ATPase of rat-liver mitochondria. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1975 Mar 20;376(3):492-504.

The inhibitory action of respiratory-chain inhibitors on the ATPase activity, which is independent of the actual inhibitor used, is greatly delayed or prevented by the presence of uncoupler, and, in the case of rotenone, can be reversed completely by the subsequent addition of succinate (in the absence of uncoupler).
These results can be explained on the basis of the proposal previously made by others that coupled electron transfer causes a structural change in the ATPase complex that results in a decreased affinity of the ATPase inhibitor for the mitochondrial ATPase. 3.
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2977568 Strasberg PM, Callahan JW: Lysosphingolipids and mitochondrial function. Biochem Cell Biol. 1988 Dec;66(12):1322-32.

At 104 microM sphingosylphosphorylcholine inhibits the mitochondrial ATPase reaction in submitochondrial particles by 48%.
Passive swelling occurs in the presence of rotenone (when swelling does not normally occur) and under hypotonic conditions.
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16972982 Liu L, Li Y, Li H, Chen J: Significant increase of glycolytic flux in Torulopsis glabrata by inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation. FEMS Yeast Res. 2006 Dec;6(8):1117-29.

One was separately adding, at 10 mg L1, specific inhibitors of complex I (rotenone) or of the bc1 complex (antimycin A) to the culture broth of T. glabrata CCTCC M202019, which resulted in significantly decreased intracellular ATP levels (43% and 27.7%) and significantly increased rates of glucose consumption (qs) and pyruvate production (qp); another approach was breeding a respiratory-deficient mutant RD-16, in which cytochromes aa3 and b in the ETC were deleted after ethidium bromide mutagenesis, to reduce the ETC activity constitutively.
Also, a neomycin-resistant mutant with 65% decreased F0F1-ATPase activity was studied.
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8476414 Tatuch Y, Robinson BH: The mitochondrial DNA mutation at 8993 associated with NARP slows the rate of ATP synthesis in isolated lymphoblast mitochondria. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993 Apr 15;192(1):124-8.

Rates of ATP synthesis with pyruvate/malate, succinate/rotenone, ascorbate/N'N'N'N' tetramethyl phenylene diamine were reduced to 67%, 58% and 54% of the control rates, respectively.
This mutation which changes a conserved leucine to an arginine in the putative membrane proton channel of mitochondrial ATPase effectively reduces the overall rate of oxidative phosphorylation.
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2148691 Perez JA, Ferguson SJ: Kinetics of oxidative phosphorylation in Paracoccus denitrificans. 2. Biochemistry. 1990 Nov 20;29(46):10518-26.


Evidence for a kinetic and thermodynamic modulation of F0F1-ATPase by the activity of the respiratory chain..
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4276120 Weiner MW, Lardy HA: Effects of respiratory chain inhibitors on mitochondrial ATPase activity. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1974 Jun;162(2):568-77.

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7994564 Chen CL, Sangiah S, Yu CA, Chen H, Berlin KD, Garrison GL, Scherlag BJ, Lazzara R: Effects of novel antiarrhythmic agents, BRB-I-28 and its derivatives, on the heart mitochondrial respiratory chain and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca (2+)-ATPase. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol. 1994 Aug;85(2):193-208.

The site of inhibition of BRB-I-28 and its derivatives on the respiratory chain was localized between flavoprotein n (FPn) and CoQ, which is similar to the effect of rotenone and several other antiarrhythmic drugs such as amiodarone, propranolol, etc.
BRB-I-28 and its derivatives also have significant inhibitory effects on mitochondrial ATPase activity as reported for other antiarrhythmic drugs such as amiodarone, propranolol, quinidine, and lidocaine.
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