| Name | citrate synthase |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | CS; Citrate synthase; Citrate synthase mitochondrial; Citrate synthases; Citrate synthase mitochondrials |
| Name | rotenone |
|---|---|
| CAS |
| PubMed | Abstract | RScore(About this table) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 12351431 | Kelley DE, He J, Menshikova EV, Ritov VB: Dysfunction of mitochondria in human skeletal muscle in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2002 Oct;51(10):2944-50. Activity of rotenone-sensitive NADH:O (2) oxidoreductase was normalized to kinase activity, as was citrate synthase activity. |
83(1,1,1,3) | Details |
| 10876012 | Chowdhury SK, Drahota Z, Floryk D, Calda P, Houstek J: Activities of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation enzymes in cultured amniocytes. Clin Chim Acta. 2000 Aug;298(1-2):157-73. In this paper, we present a complex protocol for evaluation of the function of mitochondrial OXPHOS enzymes in cultured amniocytes using three independent and complementary methods: (a) spectrophotometry as a tool for determination of the capacities of mitochondrial respiratory-chain enzymes (NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase, - and glycerophosphate cytochrome c reductase, cytochrome c oxidase and citrate synthase); (b) polarography as a tool for the evaluation of mitochondrial OXPHOS enzyme functions in situ using digitonin-permeabilised amniocytes (rotenone-sensitive oxidation of pyruvate+malate, antimycin A-sensitive oxidation of KCN-sensitive oxidation of cytochrome c, -activated substrate oxidation) and (c) cytofluorometric determination of tetramethyl rhodamine methyl ester (TMRM) fluorescence in digitonin-permeabilised amniocytes as a sensitive way to determine the mitochondrial membrane potential under steady-state conditions (state 4 with |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 7632092 | Campos Y, Arenas J, Cabello A, Gomez-Reino JJ: Respiratory chain enzyme defects in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. Ann Rheum Dis. 1995 Jun;54(6):491-3. Activity of rotenone sensitive cytochrome c reductase (complex I and III) succinate dehydrogenase (complex II), cytochrome c reductase (complex II and III), cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV), and citrate synthase (a mitochondrial matrix enzyme), was measured spectrophotometrically in muscle homogenates. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 19495970 | Villa RF, Gorini A, Hoyer S: Effect of Ageing and Ischemia on Enzymatic Activities Linked to Krebs' Cycle, Electron Transfer Chain, and Aminoacids Metabolism of Free and Intrasynaptic Mitochondria of Cerebral Cortex. Neurochem Res. 2009 Jun 4. The maximum rate (V (max)) of the following enzyme activities: citrate synthase, malate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase for Krebs' cycle; -cytochrome c reductase as total (integrated activity of Complex I-III), rotenone sensitive (Complex I) and cytochrome oxidase (Complex IV) for electron transfer chain; dehydrogenase, -- and glutamate-pyruvate transaminases for glutamate metabolism were assayed in non-synaptic, perikaryal mitochondria and in two populations of intra-synaptic mitochondria, i.e., the light and heavy mitochondrial fraction. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 1664494 | Benzi G, Curti D, Pastoris O, Marzatico F, Villa RF, Dagani F: Sequential damage in mitochondrial complexes by peroxidative stress. Neurochem Res. 1991 Dec;16(12):1295-302. The following parameters are evaluated: (a) content of respiratory components, namely cytochrome b, cytochrome c1, cytochrome c; (b) specific activity of enzymes, namely citrate synthase, succinate dehydrogenase, rotenone-sensitive cytochrome c reductase, cytochrome oxidase; (c) concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH). |
7(0,0,1,2) | Details |
| 10683230 | Wiedemann FR, Vielhaber S, Schroder R, Elger CE, Kunz WS: Evaluation of methods for the determination of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme activities in human skeletal muscle samples. Anal Biochem. 2000 Mar 1;279(1):55-60. The measurement of cytochrome c oxidase activity in the presence of 200 microM ferrocytochrome c and the detection of NADH:CoQ oxidoreductase as rotenone-sensitive NADH:CoQ (1) reductase resulted in comparable citrate synthase-normalized respiratory chain enzyme activities of both isolated mitochondria and homogenates from control human skeletal muscle samples. |
7(0,0,1,2) | Details |
| 6891604 | Werner JC, Whitman V, Musselman J, Schuler HG: Perinatal changes in mitochondrial respiration of the rabbit heart. . Biol Neonate. 1982;42(5-6):208-16. Oxidative metabolism and citrate synthase activity during the perinatal period were assessed in isolated rabbit heart mitochondria at 27 days' gestation (27 dpc), 1 day postpartum (1 dpp) and 10 dpp. consumption was measured during state 3 and state 4 respiration using the following substrates: alpha-ketoglutarate, / /rotenone, and / |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 15722109 | Capel F, Rimbert V, Lioger D, Diot A, Rousset P, Mirand PP, Boirie Y, Morio B, Mosoni L: Due to reverse electron transfer, mitochondrial H2O2 release increases with age in human vastus lateralis muscle although oxidative capacity is preserved. Mech Ageing Dev. 2005 Apr;126(4):505-11. Epub 2004 Dec 15. Isolated mitochondria were incubated in the presence of // with or without rotenone. Muscle fat oxidative capacity, citrate synthase, complex II, complex III, and cytochrome c oxidase activities were also measured. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 19715769 | Panfoli I, Calzia D, Bianchini P, Ravera S, Diaspro A, Candiano G, Bachi A, Monticone M, Aluigi MG, Barabino S, Calabria G, Rolando M, Tacchetti C, Morelli A, Pepe IM: Evidence for aerobic metabolism in retinal rod outer segment disks. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2009 Dec;41(12):2555-65. Epub 2009 Aug 26. An consumption, stimulated by and and reverted by rotenone, antimycin A and KCN was measured in disks, either in coupled or uncoupled conditions. Citrate synthase activity was assayed and found enriched in disks with respect to ROS. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 8986635 | Pitkanen S, Raha S, Robinson BH: Diagnosis of complex I deficiency in patients with lactic acidemia using skin fibroblast cultures. Biochem Mol Med. 1996 Dec;59(2):134-7. Values for -cytochrome c reductase (rotenone sensitive) were compared for a series of three controls and nine patients with complex I (NADH-coenzyme Q reductase deficiency). The specific activity on the basis of activity per milligram of mitochondrial protein and of activity per unit of citrate synthase activity was lower in the rapid preparation of mitochondria by some 41%, indicating a lesser degree of mitochondrial purification. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 16679036 | Lopez-Armada MJ, Carames B, Martin MA, Cillero-Pastor B, Lires-Dean M, Fuentes-Boquete I, Arenas J, Blanco FJ: Mitochondrial activity is modulated by TNFalpha and IL-1beta in normal human chondrocyte cells. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2006 Oct;14(10):1011-22. Epub 2006 May 5. Rotenone, an inhibitor of complex I, caused a significant reduction of the red/green ratio, but it did not reduce the viability of the chondrocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mitochondrial function was evaluated by analyzing the activities of respiratory chain enzyme complexes and citrate synthase, as well as by mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsim) and (ATP) synthesis. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 8390371 | Komuniecki PR, Johnson J, Kamhawi M, Komuniecki R: Mitochondrial heterogeneity in the parasitic nematode, Ascaris suum. Exp Parasitol. 1993 Jun;76(4):424-37. However, the activities of several tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes, including citrate synthase and isocitrate dehydrogenase, were about 100-fold higher in testis/seminal vesicle mitochondria than muscle mitochondria. The incorporation of 32Pi into organic by either muscle or testis/seminal vesicle mitochondria appeared to be dependent on and and incorporation was inhibited by rotenone but not |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 11804876 | Matecki S, Py G, Lambert K, Peyreigne C, Mercier J, Prefaut C, Ramonatxo M: Effect of prolonged undernutrition on rat diaphragm mitochondrial respiration. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2002 Feb;26(2):239-45. With plus rotenone, there was no significant difference in the respiratory rate between groups. In the ND group, we found a significant decrease in citrate synthase activity (P < 0.01), and also in reduced nicotinamine dinucleotide (NADH) dehydrogenase activity (P < 0.05), which cannot alone induce such a state 3 respiratory decrease. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 7988736 | Bereznowski Z: Effect of methyl methacrylate on mitochondrial function and structure. Int J Biochem. 1994 Sep;26(9):1119-27. Treatment of isolated rat liver mitochondria with methyl methacrylate (MM) produced membrane disruption as evidenced by the release of citrate synthase, and changes in the ultrastructure of mitochondria. 2. At concentration 0.1%, MM uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation as evidenced by stimulation of state 4 respiration supported either by plus or (+rotenone) and ATP-ase activity in intact mitochondria. 3. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 12632423 | Maneiro E, Martin MA, de Andres MC, Lopez-Armada MJ, Fernandez-Sueiro JL, del Hoyo P, Galdo F, Arenas J, Blanco FJ: Mitochondrial respiratory activity is altered in osteoarthritic human articular chondrocytes. Arthritis Rheum. 2003 Mar;48(3):700-8. METHODS: Mitochondrial function was evaluated by analyzing respiratory chain enzyme complexes and citrate synthase (CS) activities as well as changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (Delta Psi m). The activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes (complex I: rotenone-sensitive - (1) reductase; complex II: succinate dehydrogenase; complex III: antimycin-sensitive ubiquinol cytochrome c reductase; and complex IV: cytochrome c oxidase) and CS were measured in human articular chondrocytes isolated from OA and normal cartilage. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 1329742 | Huertas R, Campos Y, Diaz E, Esteban J, Vechietti L, Montanari G, D'Iddio S, Corsi M, Arenas J: Respiratory chain enzymes in muscle of endurance athletes: effect of Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Oct 15;188(1):102-7. Athletes receiving showed a significant increase (p < 0.01) in the activities of rotenone-sensitive cytochrome c reductase, cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome oxidase. In contrast, succinate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase were unchanged. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 17332268 | Menshikova EV, Ritov VB, Ferrell RE, Azuma K, Goodpaster BH, Kelley DE: Characteristics of skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis induced by moderate-intensity exercise and weight loss in obesity. J Appl Physiol. 2007 Jul;103(1):21-7. Epub 2007 Mar 1. Enzyme activity of the ETC increased (P < 0.01); that for rotenone-sensitive -oxidase (96 +/- 1%) increased more than for -oxidase (48 +/- 6%). Activities for citrate synthase and succinate dehydrogenase increased by 29 +/- 9% and 40 +/- 6%, respectively. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 19861415 | Chowanadisai W, Bauerly KA, Tchaparian E, Wong A, Cortopassi GA, Rucker RB: Pyrroloquinoline stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis through cAMP response element-binding protein phosphorylation and increased PGC-1alpha expression. J Biol Chem. 2010 Jan 1;285(1):142-52. Epub 2009 Oct 27. Moreover, PQQ protected cells from mitochondrial inhibition by rotenone, 3-nitropropionic acid, antimycin A, and azide. Exposure of mouse Hepa1-6 cells to 10-30 microm PQQ for 24-48 h resulted in increased citrate synthase and cytochrome c oxidase activity, Mitotracker staining, mitochondrial DNA content, and cellular respiration. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 4005310 | Sanchez-Jimenez F, Martinez P, Nunez de Castro I, Olavarria JS: The function of redox shuttles during aerobic glycolysis in two strains of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Biochimie. 1985 Feb;67(2):259-64. The glycerophosphate shuttle can be ruled out because of the lack of relevant enzymatic activities, and the failure of to increase rotenone-inhibited respiration. Estimation of citrate synthase and ATP citrate lyase, in addition to the observed high activity of malate dehydrogenase, suggests a - shuttle. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 18242195 | Del Prete A, Zaccagnino P, Di Paola M, Saltarella M, Oliveros Celis C, Nico B, Santoro G, Lorusso M: Role of mitochondria and reactive species in dendritic cell differentiation and functions. Free Radic Biol Med. 2008 Apr 1;44(7):1443-51. Epub 2008 Jan 11. Compared to precursor monocytes, DC exhibited a much larger number of mitochondria and consistently (i) a higher endogenous respiratory activity and (ii) a more than sixfold increase in ATP content and an even larger increase in the activity of the mitochondrial marker enzyme citrate synthase. The presence in the culture medium of rotenone, an inhibitor of the respiratory chain Complex I, prevented the increase in mitochondrial number and ATP level, without affecting cell viability. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 10063813 | Molano F, Saborido A, Delgado J, Moran M, Megias A: Rat liver lysosomal and mitochondrial activities are modified by anabolic-androgenic steroids. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999 Feb;31(2):243-50. The mitochondrial respiratory chain activities rotenone-sensitive -cytochrome c reductase (NCCR), cytochrome c reductase (SCCR), and cytochrome oxidase (COX) showed a significant decrease in steroid-administered rats, whereas citrate synthase (CS), a matrix enzyme, exhibited no changes in activity, pointing to a selective effect of AAS on mitochondrial membrane complexes. |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |