Protein Information

Name NFkappaB (protein family or complex)
Synonyms NF kappa B; NFKB; NFkappaB; Nuclear factor NF kappa B

Compound Information

Name rotenone
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
10783895 Nishikawa T, Edelstein D, Du XL, Yamagishi S, Matsumura T, Kaneda Y, Yorek MA, Beebe D, Oates PJ, Hammes HP, Giardino I, Brownlee M: Normalizing mitochondrial superoxide production blocks three pathways of hyperglycaemic damage. Nature. 2000 Apr 13;404(6779):787-90.


Normalizing levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species with each of these agents prevents glucose-induced activation of protein kinase C, formation of advanced glycation end-products, sorbitol accumulation and NFkappaB activation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19879948 Berg EL, Yang J, Melrose J, Nguyen D, Privat S, Rosler E, Kunkel EJ, Ekins S: Chemical target and pathway toxicity mechanisms defined in primary human cell systems. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods. 2010 Jan-Feb;61(1):3-15. Epub 2009 Oct 29.

DISCUSSION: Compounds with diverse mechanisms, including modulators of the NFkappaB pathway, microtubule function and mitochondrial activity, could be discriminated and classified into target and pathway mechanisms in both assay formats.
Certain inhibitors of mitochondrial function, such as rotenone and sodium azide, but not others, were classified with inducers of endoplasmic reticulum stress, providing insight into the toxicity mechanisms of these agents.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11764986 Driscoll KE, Howard BW, Carter JM, Janssen YM, Mossman BT, Isfort RJ: Mitochondrial-derived oxidants and quartz activation of chemokine gene expression. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2001;500:489-96.

Rotenone treatment of RLE-6TN cells attenuated hydrogen peroxide production, NFkappaB activation and MIP-2 gene expression induced by quartz indicating that mitochondria-derived oxidants were contributing to these responses.
84(1,1,1,4) Details
17568818 Geeraerts B, Vanhoecke B, Vanden Berghe W, Philippe J, Offner F, Deforce D: Deguelin inhibits expression of IkappaBalpha protein and induces apoptosis of B-CLL cells in vitro. Leukemia. 2007 Aug;21(8):1610-8. Epub 2007 Jun 14.


Deguelin was found to reduce IkappaBalpha protein expression, and thus interacts with the NFkappaB pathway.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8760145 Warner BB, Stuart L, Gebb S, Wispe JR: Redox regulation of manganese superoxide dismutase. . Am J Physiol. 1996 Jul;271(1 Pt 1):L150-8.


TNF-alpha increased nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B-DNA binding, an effect blocked by pretreatment with NAC.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12208513 Wu HM, Chi KH, Lin WW: Proteasome inhibitors stimulate activator protein-1 pathway via reactive oxygen species production. FEBS Lett. 2002 Aug 28;526(1-3):101-5.

In HEK293 cells, proteasome inhibitors could concentration-dependently increase IL-8 promoter and activator protein-1 (AP-1) activities, but inhibited nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B activation induced by cytokines.
The stimulating effects on IL-8 promoter and AP-1 were reduced by N-acetylcysteine, glutathione, diphenyleneiodonium, rotenone and antimycin A.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10704144 Ruetten H, Thiemermann C, Perretti M: Upregulation of ICAM-1 expression on J774.2 macrophages by endotoxin involves activation of NF-kappaB but not protein tyrosine kinase: comparison to induction of iNOS. Mediators Inflamm. 1999;8(2):77-84.


The upregulation of ICAM-1 expression on J774.2 macrophages caused by LPS was significantly inhibited by pretreatment of the cells with inhibitors of the activation of the nuclear transcription factor NF-kappaB, such as L-1-tosylamido-2-phenylethylchloromethyl ketone (TPCK), pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), rotenone or calpain inhibitor I, but not by the tyrosine kinase inhibitors, tyrphostin AG126 or genistein.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
7963561 Suzuki YJ, Mizuno M, Packer L: Signal transduction for nuclear factor-kappa B activation. J Immunol. 1994 Dec 1;153(11):5008-15.

Reactive oxygen species are thought to be messengers for nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B activation because its activation can be abrogated by antioxidants.
The mitochondrial inhibitor, rotenone, also inhibited NF-kappa B activation by calyculin A; however, this inhibition was accompanied by a depletion of cellular ATP.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16140881 Ilan E, Tirosh O, Madar Z: Triacylglycerol-mediated oxidative stress inhibits nitric oxide production in rat isolated hepatocytes. J Nutr. 2005 Sep;135(9):2090-5.

These results suggest that TG reduces nitrite production by elevating intracellular ROS levels (prolonged oxidative stress), and the downregulation of NOS enzymes may occur at least in part via the NFkappaB pathway.
To evaluate whether the increased oxidative stress inhibited NOS synthesis, cells were treated for 48 h with rotenone (a mitochondrial complex 1 inhibitor) or buthionine sulfoximine (a glutathione synthesis inhibitor).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18481258 Wu F, Tyml K, Wilson JX: iNOS expression requires NADPH oxidase-dependent redox signaling in microvascular endothelial cells. J Cell Physiol. 2008 Oct;217(1):207-14.

Since blocking either NFkappaB activation or NADPH oxidase activity is sufficient to prevent iNOS expression, they are separate targets for therapeutic interventions that aim to modulate iNOS expression in sepsis.
Unstimulated endothelial cells produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) sensitive to inhibition of NADPH oxidase (apocynin and DPI), mitochondrial respiration (rotenone) and NOS (L-NAME).
1(0,0,0,1) Details