Protein Information

Name osteocalcin
Synonyms BGLAP; BGP; Bone Gla protein; Bone gamma carboxyglutamaic acid protein; Gamma carboxyglutamicacid protein; Gamma carboxyglutamic acid containing protein; Osteocalcin; Osteocalcin precursor…

Compound Information

Name phosphorus
CAS phosphorus

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
19774112 Prakash D, Behari J: Synergistic role of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and pulsed electromagnetic field therapy to prevent bone loss in rats following exposure to simulated microgravity. Int J Nanomedicine. 2009;4:133-44. Epub 2009 Sep 10.

In order to compare the resulting changes, mineralogical (bone mineral density [BMD], calcium [Ca], and phosphorus [P]), biochemical (osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase [ALP], and type I collagen), and histological (scanning electron microscopy) parameters were adopted.
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19488681 Aydin H, Deyneli O, Yavuz D, Gozu H, Mutlu N, Kaygusuz I, Akalin S: Short-term oral magnesium supplementation suppresses bone turnover in postmenopausal osteoporotic women. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2010 Feb;133(2):136-43. Epub 2009 Jun 2.

Total magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, iPTH and osteocalcin were determined in blood samples.
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19639269 Li C, Jiang Z, Liu X: Biochemical mechanism of gallium on prevention of fatal cage-layer osteoporosis. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2010 May;134(2):195-202. Epub 2009 Jul 29.

Serum calcium and phosphorus, serum alkaline phosphatase, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), serum osteocalcin, homocysteine, C-terminal crosslinked telopeptides of collagen type I, and bone mineral content were measured, respectively.
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19506366 Ryz NR, Weiler HA, Taylor CG: Zinc deficiency reduces bone mineral density in the spine of young adult rats: a pilot study. Ann Nutr Metab. 2009;54(3):218-26. Epub 2009 Jun 9.

Analyses included bone mineral density, serum osteocalcin and C-terminal peptides of type I collagen, serum zinc, femur zinc, calcium and phosphorus, and femur morphometry.
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19563291 Liu K, Meng H, Tang X, Xu L, Zhang L, Chen Z, Shi D, Feng X, Lu R: Elevated plasma calcifediol is associated with aggressive periodontitis. . J Periodontol. 2009 Jul;80(7):1114-20.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether an association exists between plasma calcifediol concentrations and aggressive periodontitis (AgP) and whether plasma levels of bone-related biomarkers (osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, and phosphorus) regulated by vitamin D are related to AgP.
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19859640 Filipovic B, Sosic-Jurjevic B, Ajdzanovic V, Brkic D, Manojlovic-Stojanoski M, Milosevic V, Sekulic M: Daidzein administration positively affects thyroid C cells and bone structure in orchidectomized middle-aged rats. Osteoporos Int. 2009 Oct 27.

Serum samples were analyzed for CT and osteocalcin (OC), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus concentrations, and urine samples for Ca levels.
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19577454 El-Shitany NA, Hegazy S, El-Desoky K: Evidences for antiosteoporotic and selective estrogen receptor modulator activity of silymarin compared with ethinylestradiol in ovariectomized rats. Phytomedicine. 2010 Feb;17(2):116-25. Epub 2009 Jul 3.

Biochemical markers of bone formation (total alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium, phosphorus and osteocalcin), endocrinological analysis (estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and parathyroid hormone (PTH)) and serum total cholesterol and total lipids were estimated.
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19711204 Pitroda AP, Harris SS, Dawson-Hughes B: The association of adiposity with parathyroid hormone in healthy older adults. Endocrine. 2009 Oct;36(2):218-23. Epub 2009 Aug 27.

The variables that we examined, including plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and serum osteocalcin, calcium, phosphorus, and insulin explained only a small proportion of this association (18%).
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20124547 Avila M, Prado C, Ventura MD, Mora C, Briones D, Valdez H, Hurtado ME, Lindholm B, Qureshi A, Castillo-Henkel C, Paniagua R: Vitamin D receptor gene, biochemical bone markers and bone mineral density in Mexican women on dialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2010 Feb 2.

METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, 197 women (42 +/- 10 years; 25% with diabetes mellitus (DM); body mass index (BMI) 25.26 +/- 4.77 kg/m (2)) treated by PD (72%) or HD (28%) underwent measurements of BMD (measured at the calcaneus by quantitative ultrasound; expressed as T- and Z-scores) and plasma total calcium (tCa), intact parathyroid hormone 1-84 (iPTH), phosphorus, albumin, glucose, osteoprotegerin (OPG), fetuin-A, intact osteocalcin-49 and N-MID fragment 1-43 aa (N-MID osteocalcin) N-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen (PINP) and C-terminal telopeptide-beta aspartic acid (BCL).
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19718820 Berezhnova IA, Korshunov GV: [Biochemical markers of bone resorption and formation in geriatric patients with ischemic heart disease and osteoporosis]. Klin Lab Diagn. 2009 Jul;(7):3-7.

The serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, apoA- and apoB-lipoproteins, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, etc. were measured on a Vitalab Flexor E. biochemical analyzer.
Bone metabolic markers, such as parathyroid hormone (PTH), osteocalcin (OC), calcitonin (CT), as well as C-terminal telopeptides (CTTP) resulting from collagen type I (in serum and urine) were determined on a Stat Fax photometer.
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19308412 Gaal J, Bender T, Varga J, Horvath I, Kiss J, Somogyi P, Suranyi P: Overcoming resistance to bisphosphonates through the administration of alfacalcidol: results of a 1-year, open follow-up study. Rheumatol Int. 2009 Mar 24.

However, the serum alkaline phosphatase activity, phosphorus, parathormone, osteocalcin levels and the urinary D: -pyr/creatinine ratio decreased significantly (P < 0.001).
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20205099 Matusik P, Malecka-Tendera E, Franek E, Januszek-Trzciakowska A: Bone mineral density and metabolism in levothyroxine-treated adolescent girls with euthyroid diffuse goiter. Endokrynol Pol. 2010 Jan-Feb;61(1):14-9.

Lumbar (L (2)-L (4)) and total body bone mineral density (TOBMD) (Lunar - DXA), serum PTH, osteocalcin, bone alkaline phosphate, vitamin D (3), calcium, and phosphorus levels and urinary excretion of Ca, P, and hydroxyproline were measured before and after one year of combined LT (4) and iodine treatment.
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19789408 Ishizeki K, Kagiya T, Fujiwara N, Otsu K, Harada H: Expression of osteogenic proteins during the intrasplenic transplantation of Meckel's chondrocytes: A histochemical and immunohistochemical study. Arch Histol Cytol. 2009 Mar;72(1):1-12.


Type I, II, and X collagens, and the bone-marker proteins osteocalcin, osteopontin, osteonectin, and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) were immunolocalized in the matrix formed by the transplanted chondrocytes.
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20050075 El'chaninov DV, Akker LV, Fedorova IA, Popovtseva AV: [Bone resorption and formation markers in women with climacteric syndrome in early postmenopause]. Klin Lab Diagn. 2009 Oct;(10):21-4.

The level of bone metabolites and the indices of calcium and phosphorus metabolism were measured in 20 women with climacteric syndrome in postmenopause and in 20 women in premenopause, who had normal bone density and did not differ in the modified risk factors of osteoporosis.
In the climacteric women, the normal bone density was accompanied by the elevated levels of CrossLaps and osteocalcin.
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20016710 Choi MJ: Effects of taurine supplementation on bone mineral density in ovariectomized rats fed calcium deficient diet. Nutr Res Pract. 2009 Summer;3(2):108-13. Epub 2009 Jun 30.

The serum and urine concentrations of calcium and phosphorus were determined.
Bone formation was measured by serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentrations.
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20004751 Sethuraman S, Nair LS, El-Amin S, Nguyen MT, Singh A, Krogman N, Greish YE, Allcock HR, Brown PW, Laurencin CT: Mechanical properties and osteocompatibility of novel biodegradable alanine based polyphosphazenes: Side group effects. Acta Biomater. 2009 Dec 24.

Moreover, cells on the surface of the polymers expressed type I collagen, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and bone sialoprotein, which are characteristic genes for osteoblast maturation, differentiation, and mineralization.
Biodegradable polyphosphazenes are high-molecular-weight polymers with alternating nitrogen and phosphorus atoms in the backbone.
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19621927 Costa-Pinto AR, Correlo VM, Sol PC, Bhattacharya M, Charbord P, Delorme B, Reis RL, Neves NM: Osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells seeded on melt based chitosan scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. Biomacromolecules. 2009 Aug 10;10(8):2067-73.

The presence of mineralized extracellular matrix (ECM) was successfully demonstrated by peaks corresponding to calcium and phosphorus elements detected in the EDS analysis.
Moreover, by reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR analysis, it was observed the expression of osteogenic gene markers, namely, Runt related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), type 1 collagen, bone sialoprotein (BSP), and osteocalcin.
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19615963 Nakatani S, Mano H, Sampei C, Shimizu J, Wada M: Chondroprotective effect of the bioactive peptide prolyl-hydroxyproline in mouse articular cartilage in vitro and in vivo. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2009 Dec;17(12):1620-7. Epub 2009 Jul 8.

RT-PCR indicated that Pro-Hyp increased the aggrecan mRNA level approximately twofold and decreased the Runx1 and osteocalcin mRNA levels by two-thirds and one-tenth, respectively.
In this study, mice that were fed diets containing excess phosphorus were used as an in vivo model.
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19607946 De Giglio E, Cometa S, Ricci MA, Zizzi A, Cafagna D, Manzotti S, Sabbatini L, Mattioli-Belmonte M: Development and characterization of rhVEGF-loaded poly (HEMA-MOEP) coatings electrosynthesized on titanium to enhance bone mineralization and angiogenesis. Acta Biomater. 2010 Jan;6(1):282-90. Epub 2009 Jul 14.

MG-63 human osteoblast-like cell behaviour on the coated specimens was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, MTT viability test and osteocalcin mRNA detection.
Similar biological responses were observed in both coated specimens, while calcium-phosphorus globules were detected only on P (HEMA-MOEP) surfaces pretreated with alkaline solution.
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19307656 Esser NM, Hoffman PC, Coblentz WK, Orth MW, Weigel KA: The effect of dietary phosphorus on bone development in dairy heifers. J Dairy Sci. 2009 Apr;92(4):1741-9.

A second subpopulation (n = 64) of heifers (375 d +/- 33 d), balanced for breed and diet, were evaluated for serum pyridinoline and osteocalcin to assess systemic bone metabolism.
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19601862 Brancaccio D, Bellasi A, Cozzolino M, Galassi A, Gallieni M: Arterial accelerated aging in dialysis patients: the clinical impact of vascular calcification. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2009 Jul;7(3):374-80.


Indeed, the co-localization of bone markers such as Osteopontin, Alkaline Phosphatase and Osteocalcin along with osteoblast-like cells in the contest of the arterial wall of uremic patients, indicate that VC is an active biological process with peculiar analogies with bone mineralization.
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19630107 George J, Ganesh HK, Acharya S, Bandgar TR, Shivane V, Karvat A, Bhatia SJ, Shah S, Menon PS, Shah N: Bone mineral density and disorders of mineral metabolism in chronic liver disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2009 Jul 28;15(28):3516-22.

Calcium intake was adequate, with unfavorable calcium: protein ratio and calcium: phosphorus ratio.
Serum osteocalcin level was low (68%) and urinary deoxypyridinoline to creatinine ratio was high (79%), which demonstrated low bone formation with high resorption.
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20110841 Ding M, Cheng L, Bollen P, Schwarz P, Overgaard S: Glucocorticoid induced osteopenia in cancellous bone of sheep: validation of large animal model for spine fusion and biomaterial research. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2010 Feb 15;35(4):363-70.

The bone formation marker serum-osteocalcin was largely reduced in GC-1 compared to the controls, but recovered with a rebound increase at month 10 in GC-2.
STUDY DESIGN: Glucocorticoid with low calcium and phosphorus intake induces osteopenia in cancellous bone of sheep.
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20053936 Alexander LS, Mahajan A, Odle J, Flann KL, Rhoads RP, Stahl CH: Dietary phosphate restriction decreases stem cell proliferation and subsequent growth potential in neonatal pigs. J Nutr. 2010 Mar;140(3):477-82. Epub 2010 Jan 6.


The expression of osteocalcin mRNA in bone marrow was also 2-fold greater (P < 0.01) within the PO (4)-adequate treatment group.
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19762837 Moreira VR, Zeringue LK, Williams CC, Leonardi C, McCormick ME: Influence of calcium and phosphorus feeding on markers of bone metabolism in transition cows. J Dairy Sci. 2009 Oct;92(10):5189-98.

Blood samples were drawn 10 d before expected calving, at calving, and at 15 and 30 DIM for serum analyses of osteocalcin, a biomarker of bone accretion, and pyridinoline, a biomarker of bone resorption.
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19586040 Yang XZ, Sun TM, Dou S, Wu J, Wang YC, Wang J: Block copolymer of polyphosphoester and poly (L-lactic acid) modified surface for enhancing osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, and function. Biomacromolecules. 2009 Aug 10;10(8):2213-20.

X-ray photoelectron spectra measurements revealed that phosphorus atomic compositions after surface modification increased from 2.09% to 4.39% with increasing PEEP length of PLLA-b-PEEP from 58 to 224 units, which also led to a more hydrophilic surface property compared with unmodified PLLA.
The gene expression determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction further revealed that type I collagen and osteocalcin expression were upregulated in osteoblasts cultured on the modified surfaces, indicating that PEEP modification might be potentially osteoinductive and favorable for further application in bone tissue engineering.
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19366101 Wu JJ, Wen LP, Wu YG, Shen Q, Han Y: [Effects of Xianling Gubao capsules for the treatment of bone loss induced by glucocorticoid]. Zhongguo Gu Shang. 2009 Mar;22(3):193-5.


Osteo-calcin, intact parathyroidhormone (IPTH), urine excretion of calcium and phosphorus, serum calcium and phosphorus were detected before and after treatment, and adverse effects were investigated too.
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19854384 Fisher L, Byrnes E, Fisher AA: Prevalence of vitamin K and vitamin D deficiency in patients with hepatobiliary and pancreatic disorders. Nutr Res. 2009 Sep;29(9):676-83.

In 90 consecutive patients (mean +/- SD age, 65.5 +/- 17.7 years; 45 females) undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (68 with choledocholithiasis, 14 with other benign condition, and 8 with cholangiopancreatic cancers) fasting concentrations of carboxylated (cOC) and undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC), 25-hydroxyvitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, prothrombin time, liver function tests, lipase, and creatinine were measured.
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19504563 Cobanoglu N, Atasoy H, Ozcelik U, Yalcin E, Dogru D, Kiper N, Gocmen A: Relation of bone mineral density with clinical and laboratory parameters in pre-pubertal children with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009 Jul;44(7):706-12.

After anthropometric measurements, BMD, serum calcium, phosphorus, total alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD), parathyroid hormone, osteocalcin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, soluble TNF-alpha receptor 2 (sTNFR2), and soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels, and urinary calcium and hydroxyproline excretions were assessed.
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19353919 Counotte GH, Groenland G, Salden N: [Changes in blood concentrations of bone-specific biomarkers, osteocalcin and C-telopeptide, in third or higher parity sows after administration of calcium and vitamin D]. Tijdschr Diergeneeskd. 2009 Mar 15;134(6):230-7.

Blood samples were taken from five sows per group just before parturition, 2-3 days after parturition, 3 weeks after parturition, and 1 week after weaning for the measurement of osteocalcin (bone formation, osteoblastic activity) and C-telopeptide (CTX, bone degradation, osteoclast activity), calcium, and phosphorus.
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19546009 Fukumoto S, Martin TJ: Bone as an endocrine organ. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Jul;20(5):230-6. Epub 2009 Jun 21.

Although bone has long been recognized as a target for hormones influencing calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and bone structure, recent evidence shows that the skeleton itself produces at least two hormones, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and osteocalcin.
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