| Name | glutathione S transferase |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | GST class alpha 2; Gst2; GST class alpha; GST class alpha member 2; GST gamma; GSTA 2; GSTA2; GSTA2 2… |
| Name | malathion |
|---|---|
| CAS | diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphinothioyl)thio]butanedioate |
| PubMed | Abstract | RScore(About this table) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 18615705 | Yang ML, Zhang JZ, Zhu KY, Xuan T, Liu XJ, Guo YP, Ma EB: Mechanisms of organophosphate resistance in a field population of oriental migratory locust, Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen). Arch Insect Biochem Physiol. 2009 May;71(1):3-15. The susceptibilities to three organophosphate (OP) insecticides (malathion, chlorpyrifos, and phoxim), responses to three metabolic synergists [triphenyl (TPP), piperonyl butoxide (PBO), and diethyl (DEM)], activities of major detoxification enzymes [general esterases (ESTs), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s)], and sensitivity of the target enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were compared between a laboratory-susceptible strain (LS) and a field-resistant population (FR) of the oriental migratory locust, Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen). |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 17974266 | Zhang YL, Mu W, Chen ZL, Han ZR, Ma C, Zhai RH: [Susceptibility and related physiological and biochemical mechanisms of Carposina niponensis Walsingham larvae on six insecticides before and after overwintering]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2007 Aug;18(8):1913-6. The study with impregnating method showed that after overwintering, the susceptibility of Carposina niponensis larvae on triazophos, phoxim, chlorpyrifos, malathion, lambda-cyhalothrin and abamectin was 34.50, 16.71, 3.89, 3.28, 5.90 and 2.73 times as much as that before overwintering, the total protein, and fat contents and carboxylesterase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase activities in C. niponensis larvae were decreased by 17.10%, 41.76% and 30.08%, 62.36%, 53.47%, 76.19%, 80.60%, 18.77%, 14.16% and 64.02%, respectively, and the activity of acetylcholinesterase, the target enzyme of many insecticides, was 1.41 times as much as that before overwintering. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 19429256 | Franco JL, Posser T, Mattos JJ, Trevisan R, Brocardo PS, Rodrigues AL, Leal RB, Farina M, Marques MR, Bainy AC, Dafre AL: reverses malathion-induced impairment in antioxidant defenses. Toxicol Lett. 2009 Jun 22;187(3):137-43. Epub 2009 Mar 4. Malathion produced a significant decrease in hippocampal acetylcholinesterase, as well as a decrease in the activity of several hippocampal antioxidant enzymes: glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, catalase and superoxide dismutase. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 11129708 | Karunaratne SH, Hemingway J: Insecticide resistance spectra and resistance mechanisms in populations of Japanese encephalitis vector mosquitoes, Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Cx. gelidus, in Sri Lanka. Med Vet Entomol. 2000 Dec;14(4):430-6. Both species were tested for activity levels of detoxifying glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and malathion-specific as well as general carboxylesterases. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 15596258 | Brocardo PS, Pandolfo P, Takahashi RN, Rodrigues AL, Dafre AL: Antioxidant defenses and lipid peroxidation in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus following acute exposure to malathion and/or zinc Toxicology. 2005 Feb 14;207(2):283-91. This study investigates the effects of acute exposure to organophosphate insecticide malathion (250 mg/kg, i.p.) and/or ZnCl2 (5 mg/kg, i.p.), with the following parameters: lipid peroxidation and the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), peroxidase (GPx), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), and the levels of total (GSH-t) in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of female rats. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 17849895 | Wu H, Yang M, Guo Y, Xie Z, Ma E: Comparisons of malathion susceptibility, target sensitivity, and detoxification enzyme activity in nine field populations of Oxya chinensis (Orthoptera: Acrididae). J Econ Entomol. 2007 Aug;100(4):1409-15. The malathion susceptibility, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) sensitivity, and the activity of selected detoxification enzymes including general esterase (EST) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were compared among field populations of the grasshopper Oxya chinensis (Thunberg) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) collected from nine regions of China. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 1463899 | Hemingway J, Small GJ, Monro A, Sawyer BV, Kasap H: Insecticide resistance gene frequencies in Anopheles sacharovi populations of the Cukurova plain, Adana Province, Turkey. Med Vet Entomol. 1992 Oct;6(4):342-8. In Turkey, the mosquito Anopheles sacharovi has been under field selection pressure sequentially with DDT, dieldrin, malathion and pirimiphosmethyl over a period of 30 years for the purpose of malaria control. In addition to the acetylcholinesterase resistance mechanism there is evidence of an increased level of glutathione S-transferase in some of the An.sacharovi populations tested. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 10887565 | Rodriguez MM, Bisset JA, Mila LH, Calvo E, Diaz C, Alain Soca L: [Levels of insecticide resistance and its mechanisms in a strain of Aedes aegypti of Santiago de Cuba]. Rev Cubana Med Trop. 1999 May-Aug;51(2):83-8. The results of bioassays showed low levels of resistance to fention, malathion and deltametrine, moderate levels of resistance to temephos, metyl-pirimifos and cipermetrine and high levels of resistance to chlorpirifios. Biochemical techniques were applied to detect esterase-, glutathione-S-transferase- and acetylcholineaterase-mediated resistance mechanisms of Aedes aegypti. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 7927578 | Mourya DT, Gokhale MD, Mishra AC: Biochemical basis of DDT-resistance in Aedes aegypti population from a dengue affected area in Shahjahanpur city. Indian J Med Res. 1994 May;99:212-5. Biochemical analysis suggested that DDT resistance was related to elevated glutathione s-transferase and tolerance to malathion was due to a little increase in esterase activity. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 10762730 | Ahmed RS, Seth V, Pasha ST, Banerjee BD: Influence of dietary ginger (Zingiber officinales Rosc) on oxidative stress induced by malathion in rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 2000 May;38(5):443-50. Administration of malathion (20 ppm) for 4 weeks increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in serum, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (GPx) in erythrocytes and glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in serum. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 3488742 | Koizumi A, Hasegawa L, Thomas IK, Imamura T: Effect of induction of T-cell-dependent antibody with sheep red blood cells on P-450-dependent and -independent xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. Biochem Pharmacol. 1986 Aug 15;35(16):2743-8. Similarly, the difference due to the strain and the H-2 locus was detected in the activities of P-450-independent enzymes such as malathion and diethyl carboxylesterases, glutathione S-transferase, and epoxide hydrolases in microsomal and cytosolic fractions. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 17067049 | Zayed AB, Szumlas DE, Hanafi HA, Fryauff DJ, Mostafa AA, Allam KM, Brogdon WG: Use of bioassay and microplate assay to detect and measure insecticide resistance in field populations of Culex pipiens from filariasis endemic areas of Egypt. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2006 Sep;22(3):473-82. Microplate assays were performed to measure levels of beta esterase, acetylcholinesterase, insensitive acetylcholinesterase, oxidases, and glutathione-S-transferase enzymes. The Qalubiya larval population was susceptible only to malathion, whereas Sharkiya larvae were susceptible to malathion, temephos, and chlorpyrifos. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 19038063 | Munhenga G, Masendu HT, Brooke BD, Hunt RH, Koekemoer LK: Pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis from Gwave, a malaria-endemic area in Zimbabwe. Malar J. 2008 Nov 28;7:247. METHODS: Standard WHO bioassays, using 0.75% permethrin, 4% DDT, 5% malathion, 0.1% bendiocarb and 4% dieldrin were performed on wild-collected adult anopheline mosquitoes and F1 progeny of An. arabiensis reared from wild-caught females. Biochemical assays were used to determine the relative levels of detoxifying enzyme systems including non-specific esterases, monooxygenases and glutathione-S-transferases as well as to detect the presence of an altered acetylcholine esterase (AChE). |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 3564013 | Ketterman AJ, Pond SM, Becker CE: The effects of differential induction of cytochrome P-450, carboxylesterase and glutathione S-transferase activities on malathion toxicity in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1987 Mar 15;87(3):389-92. The organophosphorous pesticide malathion is metabolized by three hepatic enzyme systems: the microsomal cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase system, the microsomal carboxylesterases, and the cytosolic glutathione S-transferases. |
87(1,1,2,2) | Details |
| 12495187 | Rodriguez MM, Bisset J, Ruiz M, Soca A: Cross-resistance to pyrethroid and organophosphorus insecticides induced by selection with temephos in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Cuba. J Med Entomol. 2002 Nov;39(6):882-8. Little or no cross-resistance was observed to the organophosphates, malathion and fenitrothion, but high cross-resistance was observed for the pyrethroid deltamethrin (337.5x) and the organophosphate fenthion (12.74x). |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |
| 12505439 | Hazarika A, Sarkar SN, Hajare S, Kataria M, Malik JK: Influence of malathion pretreatment on the toxicity of anilofos in male rats: a biochemical interaction study. Toxicology. 2003 Mar 14;185(1-2):1-8. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity was decreased in the liver with malathion and its combination with anilofos. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 3530629 | Wood E, Casabe N, Melgar F, Zerba E: Distribution and properties of glutathione S-transferase from T. infestans. Comp Biochem Physiol B. 1986;84(4):607-17. The glutathione transferase from T. infestans is able to render aqueous metabolites when incubated in vitro with malathion, parathion and fenitrothion. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 19715699 | Deng H, Huang Y, Feng Q, Zheng S: Two epsilon glutathione S-transferase cDNAs from the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura: characterization and developmental and induced expression by insecticides. J Insect Physiol. 2009 Dec;55(12):1174-83. Epub 2009 Sep 2. Slgste2 expression was up-regulated by 1-naphthyl methylcarbamate (carbaryl), 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT), deltamethrin, tebufenozide (RH5992) and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), but not affected by malathion, while Slgste3 expression was slightly up-regulated by carbaryl, Bt and DDT, but not affected by RH5992, malathion and deltamethrin. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 11407025 | Kostaropoulos I, Papadopoulos AI, Metaxakis A, Boukouvala E, Papadopoulou-Mourkidou E: The role of glutathione S-transferases in the detoxification of some organophosphorus insecticides in larvae and pupae of the yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Pest Manag Sci. 2001 Jun;57(6):501-8. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 1354835 | Sergieva VP, Gracheva GV: [Age-related changes in mosquito insecticide resistance and their relation to the mechanisms of detoxication]. Med Parazitol. 1992 Jan-Feb;(1):11-5. The mechanisms of DDT, permethrin and malathion resistance were determined indirectly by means of synergists inhibiting the detoxification enzymes. It was found that metabolic resistance dependent on glutathione-S-transferase, MFO and carboxylesterase is the most liable to age changes. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 10414779 | Banerjee BD, Seth V, Bhattacharya A, Pasha ST, Chakraborty AK: Biochemical effects of some pesticides on lipid peroxidation and free-radical scavengers. Toxicol Lett. 1999 Jun 30;107(1-3):33-47. Oxidative stress was studied in blood samples obtained from lindane, malathion and propoxur poisoning cases admitted to the Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi and evaluated for lipid peroxidation, free radical (OFR) scavenging enzymes, and (GSH) and related enzymes. The level of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase and GGT were increased and GSH level was decreased in pesticide poisoning. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 2380476 | Srikanth NS, Seth PK: Alterations in xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in brain and liver of rats coexposed to endosulfan and malathion. J Appl Toxicol. 1990 Jun;10(3):157-60. Malathion treatment induced malathion carboxylesterase activity in both liver (50%) and brain (22%), significantly depleted liver (35%) content with stimulation of glutathione-S-transferase (50%) and inhibited the activity of mixed-function oxidases. |
62(0,2,2,2) | Details |
| 11166672 | Anguiano OL, Caballero de Castro A, Pechen de D'Angelo AM: The role of conjugation in the regulation of early toad embryos' tolerance to pesticides. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2001 Jan;128(1):35-43. Reduced (GSH) content and glutathione S-transferase (GSH S-transferase) activity were investigated in developing toad embryos exposed to parathion, malathion, lindane and dieldrin. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 18240518 | Rodriguez MM, Bisset JA, Fernandez D: Levels of insecticide resistance and resistance mechanisms in Aedes aegypti from some Latin American countries. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2007 Dec;23(4):420-9. Biochemical tests showed high frequencies of esterase and glutathione-S-transferase activity; however, the frequency of altered acetylcholinesterase mechanism was low. Eight Latin American strains of Aedes aegypti were evaluated for resistance to 6 organophosphates (temephos, malathion, fenthion, pirimiphos-methyl, fenitrothion, and chlorpirifos) and 4 pyrethroids (deltamethrin, lambdacyhalothrin, betacypermethrin, and cyfluthrin) under laboratory conditions. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 10774652 | Karunaratne SH: Insecticide cross-resistance spectra and underlying resistance mechanisms of Sri Lankan anopheline vectors of malaria. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1999 Sep;30(3):460-9. Higher glutathione-S-transferase activity was marked in An. subpictus. Adult and larval bioassays were carried out to obtain log-probit mortality lines for malathion, propoxur, permethrin and chlorpyrifos. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 3629631 | Reidy GF, Rose HA, Stacey NH: Effect of length of exposure to malathion on xenobiotic biotransformation in male rat liver. Toxicol Lett. 1987 Sep;38(1-2):193-9. Groups of rats dosed i.p. daily for 1 or 2 weeks with 40 or 200 mg/kg malathion showed an increase in epoxide hydrolase activity (1 week, 200 mg/kg) and glutathione S-transferase activity (1 week, 200 mg/kg; 2 weeks 40 and 200 mg/kg). |
12(0,0,2,2) | Details |
| 8288844 | Chhabra SK, Hashim S, Rao AR: Modulation of hepatic system of enzymes in suckling mouse pups exposed translactationally to malathion. J Appl Toxicol. 1993 Nov-Dec;13(6):411-6. Dams showed an enhanced hepatic glutathione S-transferase activity following treatment with 100 mg malathion kg-1 body wt. for 14 days (P < 0.02) and 21 days (P < 0.001). |
7(0,0,1,2) | Details |
| 8402576 | Hoshiya T, Hasegawa R, Hakoi K, Cui L, Ogiso T, Cabral R, Ito N: Enhancement by non-mutagenic pesticides of GST-P positive hepatic foci development initiated with diethylnitrosamine in the rat. Cancer Lett. 1993 Aug 16;72(1-2):59-64. The potential hepatocarcinogenicity of seven pesticides was examined using a rapid bioassay based on the induction of glutathione S-transferase placental form positive foci in the rat liver. Positive results were seen with chlorobenzilate (2000 ppm), vinclozolin (2000 ppm), malathion (4000 ppm), tecnazene (2000 ppm) and isoproturon (2000 ppm). |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 11962304 | Yao H, Jiang C, Ye G, Cheng J: [Insecticide resistance of different populations of white-backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) (Homoptera:Delphacidae)]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2002 Jan;13(1):101-5. The specific activities of some resistance-associated enzymes, i.e. esterase, carboxylesterase, glutathione S-transferase and acetylcholinesterase from these populations were also measured. The resistant levels to malathion, methamidophos, isoprocarb and buprofezin were markedly higher in Yunnan and Hainan populations than in other populations, but considerably more heterogeneity in response to insecticides was found in Zhejiang and Guangxi populations. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 18528686 | Naraharisetti SB, Aggarwal M, Sarkar SN, Malik JK: Concurrent subacute exposure to arsenic through drinking water and malathion via diet in male rats: effects on hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes. Arch Toxicol. 2008 Aug;82(8):543-51. Epub 2008 Jun 5. At term, toxicity was assessed by evaluating changes in body weight, liver weight, levels of cytochrome P (450) (CYP), cytochrome b (5) and microsomal and cytosolic proteins, and activities of aminopyrine-N-demethylase (ANDM), -P-hydroxylase (APH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) in liver. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 8505082 | Mourya DT, Gokhale MD, Chakraborti S, Mahadev PV, Banerjee K: Insecticide susceptibility status of certain populations of Aedes aegypti mosquito from rural areas of Maharashtra state. Indian J Med Res. 1993 Mar;97:87-91. No resistance to deltamithrin and malathion was detected at any stage. Biochemical analysis of these mosquito populations showed that resistance to DDT was probably due to increase in the kinetics of glutathione S-transferase. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 15450859 | Damiens G, His E, Gnassia-Barelli M, Quiniou F, Romeo M: Evaluation of biomarkers in oyster larvae in natural and polluted conditions. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2004 Jun;138(2):121-8. Crassostrea gigas D-shaped larvae were subjected to different conditions of temperature and salinity for 24 h and four biomarkers (acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) activities) were measured. Exposure experiments were conducted at 23 degrees C and 30 psu with carbofuran (100 and 1000 microg/l) and malathion (100 and 300 microg/l). |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 7572467 | Mourya DT, Hemingway J, Leake CJ: Post-inoculation changes in enzyme activity of Aedes aegypti infected with Chikungunya virus. Acta Virol. 1995 Feb;39(1):31-5. Levels of acetylcholinesterase, non-specific esterases, glutathione-S-transferase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in Aedes aegypti (L.) mosquitoes inoculated intrathoracally with Chikungunya virus were elevated, as compared to uninoculated control insects. Malathion bioassays indicated a reduction in the susceptibility of experimentally injected insects with virus or virus-free inoculum, compared to non-inoculated controls. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 8082578 | Ito N, Hasegawa R, Imaida K, Takahashi S, Shirai T: Medium-term rat liver bioassay for rapid detection of carcinogens and modifiers of hepatocarcinogenesis. Drug Metab Rev. 1994;26(1-2):431-42. For rapid detection of carcinogenic agents, a medium-term liver bioassay has been established in our laboratory using preneoplastic glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P) positive foci in the rat liver as endpoint marker lesions. Malathion and vinclozolin proved positive, although both have been reported to be noncarcinogenic in rats and mice. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 18755020 | Perera MD, Hemingway J, Karunaratne SP: Multiple insecticide resistance mechanisms involving metabolic changes and insensitive target sites selected in anopheline vectors of malaria in Sri Lanka. Malar J. 2008 Aug 28;7:168. METHODS: Adult females were exposed to the WHO discriminating dosages of DDT, malathion, fenitrothion, propoxur, lambda-cyhalothrin, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, permethrin and etofenprox. The presence of metabolic resistance by esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and monooxygenase-based mechanisms, and the sensitivity of the acetylcholinesterase target site were assessed using synergists, and biochemical, and metabolic techniques. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 16048685 | Surendran SN, Karunaratne SH, Adams Z, Hemingway J, Hawkes NJ: Molecular and biochemical characterization of a sand fly population from Sri Lanka: evidence for insecticide resistance due to altered esterases and insensitive acetylcholinesterase. Bull Entomol Res. 2005 Aug;95(4):371-80. There was preliminary evidence for elevated esterases and altered acetylcholinesterase in this population, the first report of these resistance mechanisms in sand flies to our knowledge, which probably arose from the malathion-based spraying regimes of the Anti-Malarial Campaign. The Delft Island collection was assayed for the activities of four enzyme systems involved in insecticide resistance (acetylcholinesterase, non-specific carboxylesterases, glutathione-S-transferases and cytochrome p450 monooxygenases), establishing baselines against which subsequent collections can be evaluated. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 19274371 | Fonseca-Gonzalez I, Quinones ML, McAllister J, Brogdon WG: Mixed-function oxidases and esterases associated with cross-resistance between DDT and lambda-cyhalothrin in Anopheles darlingi Root 1926 populations from Colombia. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2009 Feb;104(1):18-26. All field populations were susceptible to deltamethrin, permethrin, malathion and fenitrothion. Enzyme levels related to insecticide resistance, including mixed function oxidases (MFO), non-specific esterases (NSE), glutathione S-transferases and modified acetylcholinesterase were evaluated in all populations and compared with a susceptible natural strain. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 19649249 | Hooven LA, Sherman KA, Butcher S, Giebultowicz JM: Does the clock make the poison? Circadian variation in response to pesticides. PLoS One. 2009 Jul 31;4(7):e6469. To determine whether reported XM gene expression rhythms result in functional rhythms, we examined daily profiles of enzyme activity and dose responses to the pesticides propoxur, deltamethrin, fipronil, and malathion. Male Drosophila were collected for ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase (ECOD), esterase, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and, and 5'-diphosphoglucosyltransferase (UGT) enzyme activity assays, or subjected to dose-response tests at four hour intervals throughout the day in both light/dark and constant light conditions. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 1473791 | Hasegawa R, Ito N: Liver medium-term bioassay in rats for screening of carcinogens and modifying factors in hepatocarcinogenesis. Food Chem Toxicol. 1992 Nov;30(11):979-92. One of the 13 compounds reported as non-carcinogenic, malathion, gave positive results in the DEN-PH assay, suggesting that this compound is a weak hepatocarcinogen or tumour promoter for hepatocarcinogenesis based on the two-stage hypothesis for carcinogenesis. Carcinogenic potential was scored by comparing the numbers (no./cm2) and areas (mm2/cm2) of induced glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P) positive foci in the livers of groups of about 15 rats with those of corresponding control groups given DEN alone. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 11834209 | John S, Kale M, Rathore N, Bhatnagar D: Protective effect of in dimethoate and malathion induced oxidative stress in rat erythrocytes. J Nutr Biochem. 2001 Sep;12(9):500-504. The glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity in erythrocytes was inhibited in OP intoxicated rats which partially recovered in pretreated animals administered OP's. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 15849966 | Rodriguez MM, Bisset JA, Diaz C, Soca LA: [Cross resistance to pyrethroids in Aedes aegypti from Cuba induced by the selection with organophosphate malathion]. Rev Cubana Med Trop. 2003 May-Aug;55(2):105-11. Nevertheless, there was an increase in the frequency of the glutathione-s-transferase mechanism from 0.049 in Santiago de Cuba to 0.42 in SAN-F5, which may be associated with the resistance to pyrethroids. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 14658508 | Perez-Mendoza J, Fabrick JA, Zhu KY, Baker JE: Alterations in esterases are associated with malathion resistance in Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). J Econ Entomol. 2000 Feb;93(1):31-7. |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |
| 12823830 | Enayati AA, Vatandoost H, Ladonni H, Townson H, Hemingway J: Molecular evidence for a kdr-like pyrethroid resistance mechanism in the malaria vector mosquito Anopheles stephensi. Med Vet Entomol. 2003 Jun;17(2):138-44. Extensive use of residual insecticide spraying for malaria vector control has selected An. stephensi resistance to DDT, dieldrin, malathion and other organophosphates throughout much of its range and to pyrethroids in the Middle East. |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |
| 8435483 | Mourya DT, Hemingway J, Leake CJ: Changes in enzyme titres with age in four geographical strains of Aedes aegypti and their association with insecticide resistance. Med Vet Entomol. 1993 Jan;7(1):11-6. The enzymes acetylcholinesterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and general esterases were assayed in four strains of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes aged between 1 and 30 days. Insecticide bioassays showed that two strains (Trinidad and Virtudes) of Ae. aegypti were resistant to DDT, deltamethrin and malathion, whereas two other strains (Bangkok and Indian) were susceptible to all four classes of insecticides tested. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 19051277 | Huculeci R, Dinu D, Staicu AC, Munteanu MC, Costache M, Dinischiotu A: Malathion-induced alteration of the antioxidant defence system in kidney, gill, and intestine of Carassius auratus gibelio. Environ Toxicol. 2009 Dec;24(6):523-30. The modulation in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, catalase, gluthatione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione-S-transferase was time and tissue specific. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |