Protein Information

Name muscles
Synonyms COX 7a M; COX VIIa M; COX7A; COX7A1; COX7A1 protein; COX7AH; COX7AM; Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7a H…

Compound Information

Name SMA
CAS sodium 2-chloroacetate

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
18548577 Hamada M, Ugawa Y, Tsuji S: High-frequency rTMS over the supplementary motor area for treatment of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2008 Aug 15;23(11):1524-31.


For SMA stimulation, 20 trains of 50 transcranial magnetic stimuli at 5 Hz were delivered at an intensity of 110% active motor threshold for leg muscles in one session.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18942088 Wendling O, Bornert JM, Chambon P, Metzger D: Efficient temporally-controlled targeted mutagenesis in smooth muscle cells of the adult mouse. Genesis. 2009 Jan;47(1):14-8.

Thus, SMA-Cre-ER (T2) mice should be of great value to analyze gene function in smooth muscles, and to establish new animal models of human smooth muscle disorders.
112(1,2,2,2) Details
17890149 O'Connell NE, Maskill DW, Cossar J, Nowicky AV: Mapping the cortical representation of the lumbar paravertebral muscles. . Clin Neurophysiol. 2007 Nov;118(11):2451-5. Epub 2007 Sep 24.

6(0,0,0,6) Details
19434147 Choi JM, Son HM, Lee YJ: Biomimetic variable-focus lens system controlled by winding-type SMA actuator. Opt Express. 2009 May 11;17(10):8152-64.

Inspired by the biomechanics of the human eye, which includes a crystalline lens, ciliary muscles, and zonular fibers, the proposed variablefocus lens system consists of a PDMS lens, winding-type SMA actuator, and load arms.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
18337101 Jedrzejowska M, Ryniewicz B, Kabzinska D, Drac H, Hausmanowa-Petrusewicz I, Kochanski A: A patient with both Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT 1A) and mild spinal muscular atrophy (SMA 3). Neuromuscul Disord. 2008 Apr;18(4):339-41. Epub 2008 Mar 11.

Her electrophysiological testing showed chronic neurogenic changes in proximal muscles that are typical for SMA, but also slowed conduction velocity in motor and sensory fibers that is typical for demyelinating neuropathy.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
18725590 Deymeer F, Serdaroglu P, Parman Y, Poda M: Natural history of SMA IIIb: muscle strength decreases in a predictable sequence and magnitude. Neurology. 2008 Aug 26;71(9):644-9.


Medical Research Council (MRC) scale was used with particular attention to proximal muscles.
5(0,0,0,5) Details
18363640 Stevens L, Bastide B, Maurage CA, Dupont E, Montel V, Cieniewski-Bernard C, Cuisset JM, Vallee L, Mounier Y: Childhood spinal muscular atrophy induces alterations in contractile and regulatory protein isoform expressions. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2008 Dec;34(6):659-70. Epub 2008 Mar 20.


The aim of this study was to compare the expression of contractile and regulatory protein isoforms in quadriceps muscles from SMA children with age-matched control quadriceps.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
19633176 Boudrias MH, Lee SP, Svojanovsky S, Cheney PD: Forelimb muscle representations and output properties of motor areas in the mesial wall of rhesus macaques. Cereb Cortex. 2010 Mar;20(3):704-19. Epub 2009 Jul 24.


Stimulus-triggered averages of electromyographic activity from 24 muscles of the forelimb were computed from layer V sites of 2 rhesus monkeys performing a reach-to-grasp task.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
18849388 Gondret F, Hernandez P, Remignon H, Combes S: Skeletal muscle adaptations and biomechanical properties of tendons in response to jump exercise in rabbits. J Anim Sci. 2009 Feb;87(2):544-53. Epub 2008 Oct 10.


Muscles [semimembranosus proprius, semimembranosus accessorius (SMA), and BF] were harvested from the legs in a subset of animals from the second series (n = 10 in EXE; n = 9 in SEDN).
3(0,0,0,3) Details
18826346 Usui N, Terada K, Baba K, Matsuda K, Tottori T, Umeoka S, Mihara T, Nakamura F, Usui K, Inoue Y: Extraoperative functional mapping of motor areas in epileptic patients by high-frequency cortical stimulation. J Neurosurg. 2008 Oct;109(4):605-14.


RESULTS: Stimulation of the MI elicited motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in contralateral muscles.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
20080191 Brendel B, Hertrich I, Erb M, Lindner A, Riecker A, Grodd W, Ackermann H: The contribution of mesiofrontal cortex to the preparation and execution of repetitive syllable productions: an fMRI study. Neuroimage. 2010 Apr 15;50(3):1219-30. Epub 2010 Jan 18.


Clinical data indicate that the brain network of speech motor control can be subdivided into at least three functional-neuroanatomical subsystems: (i) planning of movement sequences (premotor ventrolateral-frontal cortex and/or anterior insula), (ii) preparedness for/initiation of upcoming verbal utterances (supplementary motor area, SMA), and (iii) on-line innervation of vocal tract muscles, i.e., motor execution (corticobulbar system, basal ganglia, cerebellum).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
20297628 Kroczka S, Steczkowska M, Kacinski M: [Usefulness of electromyography in diagnostics of the neuro-muscular diseases]. Przegl Lek. 2009;66(11):913-9.


In 1 patient myogenic injury of the muscles was found, in 3 conduction in motor fibers of examined peripheral nerves was disturbed.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
18634889 Ganesh G, Burdet E, Haruno M, Kawato M: Sparse linear regression for reconstructing muscle activity from human cortical fMRI. Neuroimage. 2008 Oct 1;42(4):1463-72. Epub 2008 Jun 25.


We simultaneously recorded surface electromyography (EMG) from two antagonist muscles and motor cortices activity using fMRI, during an isometric task requiring both reciprocal activation and co-activation of the wrist muscles.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
18065780 Murray LM, Comley LH, Thomson D, Parkinson N, Talbot K, Gillingwater TH: Selective vulnerability of motor neurons and dissociation of pre- and post-synaptic pathology at the neuromuscular junction in mouse models of spinal muscular atrophy. Hum Mol Genet. 2008 Apr 1;17(7):949-62. Epub 2007 Dec 8.


We show that neuromuscular junctions in the transversus abdominis (TVA), levator auris longus (LAL) and lumbrical muscles were disrupted in both mouse models.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19427769 Park JK, Hong IH, Goo MJ, Ki MR, Hong KS, Hwang OK, Han JY, Ji AR, Park SI, Jeong KS: Subcutaneous leiomyosarcoma in an adrenomedullin heterozygous mouse. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2009 May 9.


The excised tumor with a diameter of 2.5cm was firm, ill-demarcated and had focally infiltrated the surrounding muscles.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19470806 Lindberg PG, Gaverth J, Fagergren A, Fransson P, Forssberg H, Borg J: Cortical activity in relation to velocity dependent movement resistance in the flexor muscles of the hand after stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2009 Oct;23(8):800-10. Epub 2009 May 26.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
17980600 Matjacic Z, Olensek A, Krajnik J, Eymard B, Zupan A, Praznikar A: Compensatory mechanisms during walking in response to muscle weakness in spinal muscular atrophy, type III. Gait Posture. 2008 May;27(4):661-8. Epub 2007 Nov 5.


From these results we can conclude that the most important muscle groups compensating for reduced strength in knee and hip muscles are the ankle plantarflexors, hip rotators and hip abductors.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19351384 Millino C, Fanin M, Vettori A, Laveder P, Mostacciuolo ML, Angelini C, Lanfranchi G: Different atrophy-hypertrophy transcription pathways in muscles affected by severe and mild spinal muscular atrophy. BMC Med. 2009 Apr 7;7:14.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
18823037 Pollok B, Makhloufi H, Butz M, Gross J, Timmermann L, Wojtecki L, Schnitzler A: Levodopa affects functional brain networks in Parkinsonian resting tremor. Mov Disord. 2009 Jan 15;24(1):91-8.


To this end, we recorded surface electromyograms of forearm muscles and neuromagnetic activity using a 122-channel whole-head magnetometer (MEG).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19556137 Liikavainio T, Bragge T, Hakkarainen M, Karjalainen PA, Arokoski JP: Gait and muscle activation changes in men with knee osteoarthritis. . Knee. 2010 Jan;17(1):69-76. Epub 2009 Jun 25.


The distinctions in muscle activation both at level- and stair ambulation in VM and BF muscles revealed that the patients used different strategies to execute the same walking tasks.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18727341 Lamb C, Peden A: Understanding the experience of living with spinal muscular atrophy: a qualitative description. J Neurosci Nurs. 2008 Aug;40(4):250-6.


The disorder causes weakness and wasting of voluntary muscles.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18500140 Chad T: Losing a child to spinal muscular atrophy. . Paediatr Nurs. 2008 Apr;20(3):32-3.


SMA sufferers lack a protein (SMN) that controls muscles, therefore muscles weaken, and in the most severe of cases death occurs.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18726604 Donnell AM, Doi T, Hollwarth M, Kalicinski P, Czauderna P, Puri P: Deficient alpha-smooth muscle actin as a cause of functional intestinal obstruction in childhood. Pediatr Surg Int. 2008 Nov;24(11):1191-5.


All other regions of the intestine examined showed normal levels of alpha-SMA, with similar levels expressed in both the circular and longitudinal muscles.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19023405 Cauchi RJ, Davies KE, Liu JL: A motor function for the DEAD-box RNA helicase, Gemin3, in Drosophila. PLoS Genet. 2008 Nov;4(11):e1000265. Epub 2008 Nov 21.


A less severe Gemin3 disruption in developing muscles leads to flightless adults and flight muscle degeneration.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20087605 Cha TH, Oh DW, Shim JH: Noninvasive Treatment Strategy for Swallowing Problems Related to Prolonged Nonoral Feeding in Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type II. Dysphagia. 2010 Jan 20.


Restriction of jaw movement, neck stiffness, absence of oral food intake, and weakness of the oropharyngeal and laryngeal muscles were considered to be the main factors contributing to the deterioration of his swallowing function.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20089893 Ruiz R, Casanas JJ, Torres-Benito L, Cano R, Tabares L: Altered intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis in nerve terminals of severe spinal muscular atrophy mice. J Neurosci. 2010 Jan 20;30(3):849-57.


To gain insight into the pathogenesis of SMA, we have compared synaptic function of motor terminals in wild-type and severe SMA mice at different ages and in two proximal muscles.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18756033 Meng F, Tong KY, Chan ST, Wong WW, Lui KH, Tang KW, Gao X, Gao S: Study on connectivity between coherent central rhythm and electromyographic activities. J Neural Eng. 2008 Sep;5(3):324-32. Epub 2008 Aug 28.


The system modeling included activities from the contralateral and ipsilateral primary sensorimotor cortex (M1/S1), supplementary motor area (SMA) and the time series from extensor carpi radialis (ECR) muscles.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18298913 Xu Y, Arai H, Murayama T, Kita T, Yokode M: Vascular remodeling and mobilization of bone marrow-derived cells in cuff-induced vascular injury in LDL receptor knockout mice. Chin Med J. 2008 Feb 5;121(3):220-6.


Our data also clearly indicate that bone marrow-derived cells differentiated to smooth muscles and endothelial cells in the formation of these lesions in the presence of hypercholesterolemia.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19893564 Du H, Wang X, Wu J, Qian Q: Phenylephrine induces elevated RhoA activation and smooth muscle alpha-actin expression in Pkd2+/- vascular smooth muscle cells. Hypertens Res. 2010 Jan;33(1):37-42. Epub 2009 Nov 6.


Pkd2 (+/-) arterial smooth muscles show elevated levels of (1) phenylephrine (PE)-induced, Ca (2+)-independent vasocontraction and (2) smooth muscle alpha-actin (SMA) expression.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19969460 Werlauff U, Steffensen BF, Bertelsen S, Floytrup I, Kristensen B, Werge B: Physical characteristics and applicability of standard assessment methods in a total population of spinal muscular atrophy type II patients. Neuromuscul Disord. 2010 Jan;20(1):34-43. Epub 2009 Dec 6.


The patients were evaluated by means of functional scales, muscles tests, joint motion measurement and Forced Vital Capacity test.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19517146 Ymlahi-Ouazzani Q, J Bronchain O, Paillard E, Ballagny C, Chesneau A, Jadaud A, Mazabraud A, Pollet N: Reduced levels of survival motor neuron protein leads to aberrant motoneuron growth in a Xenopus model of muscular atrophy. Neurogenetics. 2010 Feb;11(1):27-40. Epub 2009 Jun 11.


Of note, early developmental patterning of muscles and motor neurons is unaffected in this system as well as acetylcholine receptors clustering.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19839757 Stavarachi M, Toma M, Butoianu N, Gavrila L: Preliminary results in a study regarding the relationship between perlecan gene polymorphism and spinal muscular atrophy type I disease. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers. 2009 Dec;13(6):821-4.


Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disease characterized by weakness and atrophy of proximal muscles.
1(0,0,0,1) Details