Protein Information

Name muscles
Synonyms COX 7a M; COX VIIa M; COX7A; COX7A1; COX7A1 protein; COX7AH; COX7AM; Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7a H…

Compound Information

Name rotenone
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
9475856 Yajid F, Mercier JG, Mercier BM, Dubouchaud H, Prefaut C: Effects of 4 wk of hindlimb suspension on skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration in rats. J Appl Physiol. 1998 Feb;84(2):479-85.

We investigated in rats the effect of 4 wk of hypodynamia on the respiration of mitochondria isolated from four distinct muscles [soleus, extensor digitorum longus, tibial anterior, and gastrocnemius (Gas)] and from subsarcolemmal (SS) and intermyofibrillar (IMF) regions of mixed hindlimb muscles that mainly contained the four cited muscles.
With succinate + rotenone, there was no significant difference in the respiratory rate compared with the respective control group, whatever the mitochondrial origin (SS, or IMF, or from single muscle).
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19776389 Lustgarten MS, Jang YC, Liu Y, Muller FL, Qi W, Steinhelper M, Brooks SV, Larkin L, Shimizu T, Shirasawa T, McManus LM, Bhattacharya A, Richardson A, Van Remmen H: Conditional knockout of Mn-SOD targeted to type IIB skeletal muscle fibers increases oxidative stress and is sufficient to alter aerobic exercise capacity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2009 Dec;297(6):C1520-32. Epub 2009 Sep 23.


F (2)-isoprostanes were increased by 36% in tibialis anterior muscles isolated from TnIFastCreSod2 (fl/fl) mice.
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4262959 Margreth A, Salviati G, Di Mauro S, Turati G: Early biochemical consequences of denervation in fast and slow skeletal muscles and their relationship to neural control over muscle differentiation. Biochem J. 1972 Mar;126(5):1099-110.

The isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum from fast muscle showed a slight diminution of ATPase-linked Ca (2+)-transport activity and a selective increase of rotenone-insensitive NADH-cytochrome c reductase activity, in addition to a greater emphasis on slow-type electrophoretic components of the structural membrane protein. 7.
One week after denervation several biochemical characteristics of the fast extensor digitorum longus and slow soleus muscles from adult rats were investigated and compared with the characteristics of the corresponding unoperated contralateral muscles. 2.
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17452058 Fujii N, Seifert MM, Kane EM, Peter LE, Ho RC, Winstead S, Hirshman MF, Goodyear LJ: Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in exercise capacity, whole body glucose homeostasis, and glucose transport in skeletal muscle -insight from analysis of a transgenic mouse model-. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2007 Sep;77 Suppl 1:S92-8. Epub 2007 Apr 23.


Mitochondrial respiration inhibition-induced glucose transport was fully inhibited in isolated EDL muscles in alpha2i TG mice.
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15969532 Tang J, Faustman C, Mancini RA, Seyfert M, Hunt MC: Mitochondrial reduction of metmyoglobin: dependence on the electron transport chain. J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Jun 29;53(13):5449-55.

These results indicate that ETC-linked MetMb reduction exists but would be minimally active in postmortem muscles.
MetMb reduction was increased by rotenone addition and decreased by malonic acid (p < 0.05); the reduction was completely abolished by additions of antimycin A or myxothiazol when compared with controls (p < 0.05).
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12826253 Servais S, Couturier K, Koubi H, Rouanet JL, Desplanches D, Sornay-Mayet MH, Sempore B, Lavoie JM, Favier R: Effect of voluntary exercise on H2O2 release by subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar mitochondria. Free Radic Biol Med. 2003 Jul 1;35(1):24-32.

In the present study, we evaluated the influence of voluntary running on mitochondrial O (2) consumption and H (2) O (2) production by intermyofibrillar mitochondria (IFM) and subsarcolemmal mitochondria (SSM) isolated from oxidative muscles in conjunction with the determination of antioxidant capacities.
Inhibition of H (2) O (2) formation by rotenone suggests that complex I of the electron transport chain is likely the major physiological H (2) O (2)-generating system.
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17687034 Wang C, Lu R, Ouyang X, Ho MW, Chia W, Yu F, Lim KL: Drosophila overexpressing parkin R275W mutant exhibits dopaminergic neuron degeneration and mitochondrial abnormalities. J Neurosci. 2007 Aug 8;27(32):8563-70.

Transgenic flies that overexpress R275W, but not wild-type or G328E, human parkin display an age-dependent degeneration of specific dopaminergic neuronal clusters and concomitant locomotor deficits that accelerate with age or in response to rotenone treatment.
Furthermore, R275W mutant flies also exhibit prominent mitochondrial abnormalities in their flight muscles.
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19174508 Nguyen KT, Garcia-Chacon LE, Barrett JN, Barrett EF, David G: The Psi (m) depolarization that accompanies mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake is greater in mutant SOD1 than in wild-type mouse motor terminals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Feb 10;106(6):2007-11. Epub 2009 Jan 27.

Using rhodamine-123, we determined how repetitive nerve stimulation (100 Hz) affects Psi (m) in motor terminals innervating mouse levator auris muscles.
Stimulation-induced Psi (m) depolarization and elevation of cytosolic [Ca (2+)] both increased when complex I of the ETC was partially inhibited by low concentrations of rotenone (25-50 nmol/l).
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6329280 Suematsu E, Hirata M, Kuriyama H: Effects of cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinases, and calmodulin on Ca2+ uptake by highly purified sarcolemmal vesicles of vascular smooth muscle. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1984 Jun 13;773(1):83-90.

Sarcolemmal fractions of vascular smooth muscles were prepared from porcine thoracic aortae by differential and sucrose density gradient centrifugation.
In these fractions, there was a high activity of 5'-nucleotidase, a putative marker enzyme of plasma membrane, and a low activity of rotenone insensitive NADH-cytochrome c reductase a marker of sarcoplasmic reticulum.
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10947970 Roussel D, Lhenry F, Ecochard L, Sempore B, Rouanet JL, Favier R: Differential effects of endurance training and creatine depletion on regional mitochondrial adaptations in rat skeletal muscle. Biochem J. 2000 Sep 1;350 Pt 2:547-53.

To examine the combined effects of 2-week endurance training and 3-week feeding with beta-guanidinopropionic acid (GPA) on regional adaptability of skeletal muscle mitochondria, intermyofibrillar mitochondria (IFM) and subsarcolemmal mitochondria (SSM) were isolated from quadriceps muscles of sedentary control, trained control, sedentary GPA-fed and trained GPA-fed rats.
Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation was assessed polarographically by using pyruvate plus malate, succinate (plus rotenone), and ascorbate plus N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD) (plus antimycin) as respiratory substrates.
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8531496 Fitzgerald EM, Djamgoz MB: Sensitivity of valinomycin-based K (+)-selective micro-electrodes to inhibitors of K+ transport. J Neurosci Methods. 1995 Jul;59(2):273-7.

The sensitivies of double-barrelled K (+)-selective micro-electrodes (KSMs) employing the low-impedance membrane cocktail based on the neutral K (+)-selective ion carrier valinomycin (Fluka, Cocktail B 60398) to the following 3 different classes of inhibitors of K+ transport were measured: (1) general metabolic inhibitors (dinitrophenol, potassium cyanide, sodium azide, rotenone, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, salicylhydroxamic acid); (2) P-type ATPase inhibitors (vanadate, ouabain, amiloride, SCH 28080); and (3) anion-dependent K+ transport inhibitors (bumetanide, 4-acetamide-4-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2-disulphonic acid).
It was possible to correct for the DNP interference and to obtain measurements of intracellular K+ activity in insect muscles.
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17084831 Shinde SB, Save VC, Patil ND, Mishra KP, Tendolkar AG: Impairment of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme activities in tetralogy of Fallot. Clin Chim Acta. 2007 Feb;377(1-2):138-43. Epub 2006 Sep 26.

The activities of rotenone-sensitive NADH cytochrome c reductase (complexes I+III), cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) and the ratio of I and III to II and III complexes (complex I) were significantly lower in TOF (p <0.001).
RESULTS: In the presence of glutamate and succinate as substrates, the rate of mitochondrial oxygen consumption was significantly lower in RVOT muscles (p <0.001) by using with and without addition of ADP.
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3942767 Veerkamp JH, van Moerkerk HT: Peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation in rat and human tissues. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1986 Feb 12;875(2):301-10.

Oxidation of palmitate 14C-labeled in different positions was assayed in the absence and presence of antimycin and rotenone in homogenates of various rat and human tissues to determine total and peroxisomal oxidation and acetyl group production.
The proportion of antimycin-insensitive oxidation of [1-14C] palmitate was 17-35% in tissues of starved rats and in human muscles and fibroblasts, but peroxisomal production of acetyl groups amounted only to 5-11% of that by mitochondria.
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4052015 Rasmussen UF, Rasmussen HN: The NADH oxidase system (external) of muscle mitochondria and its role in the oxidation of cytoplasmic NADH. Biochem J. 1985 Aug 1;229(3):631-41.

It is proposed that oxidation of cytoplasmic NADH in red muscles primarily is effected by the exo-NADH oxidase system.
The exo-NADH oxidase system seems to be located at the outer surface of the mitochondrial inner membrane because, for instance, only this system was rapidly inhibited by rotenone, and ferricyanide could act as acceptor in the rotenone-inhibited system (reductase activity = 20 times oxidase activity).
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6321463 Grover AK, Kwan CY, Luchowski E, Daniel EE, Triggle DJ: Subcellular distribution of [3H] nitrendipine binding in smooth muscle. . J Biol Chem. 1984 Feb 25;259(4):2223-6.

There was an excellent correlation between the distribution of [3H] nitrendipine binding determined at the nitrendipine concentrations of 0.138 and 1.38 nM, and the distribution of the plasma membrane markers K+-activated ouabain-sensitive p-nitrophenylphosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase, phosphodiesterase I, and Mg-ATPase, but not between the mitochondrial markers cytochrome c, oxidase, succinate-dependent cytochrome c reductase, or rotenone-insensitive NADH-dependent cytochrome c reductase or the putative endoplasmic reticulum marker NADPH-dependent cytochrome c reductase.
Thus in the two smooth muscles studied the plasma membrane is the locus of the high affinity nitrendipine binding.
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4398233 Margreth A, Salviati G, Catani C: Electron transport in sarcoplasmic reticulum of fast and slow muscles. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1971 Jun;144(2):768-72.

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20231142 Villa-Abrille MC, Caldiz CI, Ennis IL, Nolly MB, Casarini MJ, Chiappe de Cingolani GE, Cingolani HE, Perez NG: The Anrep effect requires transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. J Physiol. 2010 Mar 15.

Experiments were performed in isolated cat papillary muscles stretched from 92 to 98% of Lmax.
EGF increased O2- production by 149+/-4% of control (n=9, P <0.05), effect canceled by inhibiting NADPH oxidase (apocynin, 110+/-6% n=7), mKATP channels (5-HD, 105+/-5%, n=8), respiratory chain (rotenone, 110+/-7%, n=7) or MPTP (Cyclosporine, 111+/-10%, n=6).
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19890946 Waliwitiya R, Belton P, Nicholson RA, Lowenberger CA: Effects of the essential oil constituent thymol and other neuroactive chemicals on flight motor activity and wing beat frequency in the blowfly Phaenicia sericata. Pest Manag Sci. 2010 Mar;66(3):277-89.

BACKGROUND: The effects were evaluated of the plant terpenoid thymol and eight other neuroactive compounds on flight muscle impulses (FMIs) and wing beat frequency (WBF) of tethered blowflies (Phaenicia sericata Meig.).RESULTS: The electrical activity of the dorsolongitudinal flight muscles was closely linked to the WBF of control insects.
Cypermethrin- and rotenone-treated flies had initial strong FMIs that declined with time.
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19781600 Ahn SY, Choi YS, Koo HJ, Jeong JH, Park WH, Kim M, Piao Y, Pak YK: Mitochondrial dysfunction enhances the migration of vascular smooth muscles cells via suppression of Akt phosphorylation. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010 Mar;1800(3):275-81. Epub 2009 Sep 23.

Similarly, dideoxycytidine (ddC), the mtDNA replication inhibitor, or rotenone, OXPHOS complex I inhibitor, inhibited the insulin-mediated pAkt while increased pAMPK regardless of insulin.
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7735611 Mercier JG, Hokanson JF, Brooks GA: Effects of cyclosporine A on skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration and endurance time in rats. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995 May;151(5):1532-6.

Submaximal endurance exercise time (EET) was measured on a treadmill on Day 13 and mitochondria were isolated from the hind limb muscles homogenate on Day 15.
The results showed (1) a significant decrease of EET in CsA versus control rats (29 +/- 8 min versus 60 +/- min, p < 0.001), (2) significantly lower state 3 and uncoupled mitochondrial respiration in CsA compared with control rats with pyruvate plus malate (p < 0.001, p < 0.01) as well as succinate plus rotenone (p < 0.01) as substrates, (3) no differences in coupling efficiency (ADP/O ratios), and (4) significant linear correlation between EET and state 3 respiration (r = 0.71, p < 0.05; r = 0.92, p < 0.001), and strong curvilinear relationship between EET and CsA state 3/mean control state 3 (r2 = 0.81, p < 0.001; r2 = 0.82, p < 0.001), respectively, with pyruvate plus malate and succinate plus rotenone.
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1488063 Wu CM, Matsuoka T, Takemitsu M, Goto Y, Nonaka I: An experimental model of mitochondrial myopathy: germanium-induced myopathy and coenzyme Q10 administration. Muscle Nerve. 1992 Nov;15(11):1258-64.

Rotenone-sensitive NADH-cytochrome-c reductase as well as COX activities were markedly reduced, while succinate-cytochrome-c reductase was less severely, but significantly, affected.
The histopathological findings in these muscles were similar to those seen in patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, suggesting that germanium-induced myopathy may be a useful experimental model.
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10871188 Hayashi T, Hirshman MF, Fujii N, Habinowski SA, Witters LA, Goodyear LJ: Metabolic stress and altered glucose transport: activation of AMP-activated protein kinase as a unifying coupling mechanism. Diabetes. 2000 Apr;49(4):527-31.

Rates of glucose transport in the isolated muscles were increased by all of these conditions, including contraction (5-fold above basal), hypoxia (8-fold), 2,4-dinotrophenol (11-fold), rotenone (7-fold), and hyperosmolarity (8-fold).
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6245185 Scholte HR, Busch HF: Early changes of muscle mitochondria in Duchenne dystrophy. J Neurol Sci. 1980 Mar;45(2-3):217-34.

Muscles from boys and adults without neuromuscular disease were treated likewise. (2) In adults, muscle possesses a significantly higher specific activity (on protein basis) of monoamine oxidase and rotenone-insenitive NADH-cytochrome c reductase (RINCR) than in boys.
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17273927 Kuhnt T, Pelz T, Qu X, Hansgen G, Dunst J, Gellerich FN: Mitochondrial OXPHOS functions in R1H rhabdomyosarcoma and skeletal muscles of the rat. Neurochem Res. 2007 Jun;32(6):973-80. Epub 2007 Feb 2.

In R1H the rotenone-insensitive respiration reached higher levels than the antimycin A-insensitive respiration, whereas in normal muscles the converse was observed.
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16186119 Fujii N, Hirshman MF, Kane EM, Ho RC, Peter LE, Seifert MM, Goodyear LJ: AMP-activated protein kinase alpha2 activity is not essential for contraction- and hyperosmolarity-induced glucose transport in skeletal muscle. J Biol Chem. 2005 Nov 25;280(47):39033-41. Epub 2005 Sep 26.

Extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles from wild type and TG mice were isolated and subjected to a series of in vitro incubation experiments.
Known AMPK stimuli including 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR), rotenone (a Complex I inhibitor), dinitrophenol (a mitochondrial uncoupler), muscle contraction, and sorbitol (producing hyperosmolar shock) did not increase AMPK alpha2 activity in alpha2i TG mice, whereas alpha1 activation was attenuated by only 30-50%.
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12368386 Dicter N, Madar Z, Tirosh O: Alpha-lipoic acid inhibits glycogen synthesis in rat soleus muscle via its oxidative activity and the uncoupling of mitochondria. J Nutr. 2002 Oct;132(10):3001-6.


The objective of this study was to investigate the fate of glucose in isolated rat muscles incubated with LA and determine its effects on intramuscular redox status.
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12607133 Bernocchi P, Cargnoni A, Vescovo G, Dalla Libera L, Parrinello G, Boraso A, Ceconi C, Ferrari R: Skeletal muscle abnormalities in rats with experimentally induced heart hypertrophy and failure. Basic Res Cardiol. 2003 Mar;98(2):114-23.

In fact, inhibition of VO (2) by rotenone was decreased from 83.5 +/- 3.2 to 36.4 +/- 9.6 % (p < 0.005) and from 81.8 +/- 6.1 to 38.2 +/- 7.4 % (p < 0.005) in soleus and EDL, respectively.
In soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles, we studied skeletal muscle blood flow, oxidative capacity and respiratory function of skinned muscle fibres.
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