Protein Information

Name phosphodiesterase
Synonyms CAMP specific phosphodiesterase variant PDE4A 10; CAMP specific phosphodiesterase variant TM3; CAMP specific phosphodiesterase; Cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase PDE4A11; Cyclic AMP specific phosphodiesterase HSPDE4A10; DPDE 2; DPDE2; PDE 4…

Compound Information

Name rotenone
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
17643412 Choi JH, Kim DH, Yun IJ, Chang JH, Chun BG, Choi SH: Zaprinast inhibits hydrogen peroxide-induced lysosomal destabilization and cell death in astrocytes. Eur J Pharmacol. 2007 Oct 1;571(2-3):106-15. Epub 2007 Jul 4.

This study describes the novel pharmacological effects of zaprinast, a cGMP-elevating phosphodiesterase inhibitor, on the inhibition of oxidative cell death in astrocyte cultures.
Zaprinast was found to inhibit sphingosine-induced lysosomal acridine orange relocation and the induced decrease in mitochondrial potential, but zaprinast had no effect on rotenone-induced mitochondrial collapse, which was not associated with lysosomal destabilization.
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3021738 Connolly E, Nanberg E, Nedergaard J: Norepinephrine-induced Na+ influx in brown adipocytes is cyclic AMP-mediated. J Biol Chem. 1986 Nov 5;261(31):14377-85.


Furthermore, total respiratory inhibition with rotenone, or total oxygen depletion of the medium with dithionite, did not prevent the normal norepinephrine-induced Na+ influx.
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20005986 Schoenfeld R, Wong A, Silva J, Li M, Itoh A, Horiuchi M, Itoh T, Pleasure D, Cortopassi G: Oligodendroglial differentiation induces mitochondrial genes and inhibition of mitochondrial function represses oligodendroglial differentiation. Mitochondrion. 2010 Mar;10(2):143-50. Epub 2009 Dec 22.


Oligodendroglia were treated with low doses of the mitochondrial inhibitor rotenone to test the dependence of differentiation on mitochondrial function.
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6321463 Grover AK, Kwan CY, Luchowski E, Daniel EE, Triggle DJ: Subcellular distribution of [3H] nitrendipine binding in smooth muscle. . J Biol Chem. 1984 Feb 25;259(4):2223-6.


There was an excellent correlation between the distribution of [3H] nitrendipine binding determined at the nitrendipine concentrations of 0.138 and 1.38 nM, and the distribution of the plasma membrane markers K+-activated ouabain-sensitive p-nitrophenylphosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase, phosphodiesterase I, and Mg-ATPase, but not between the mitochondrial markers cytochrome c, oxidase, succinate-dependent cytochrome c reductase, or rotenone-insensitive NADH-dependent cytochrome c reductase or the putative endoplasmic reticulum marker NADPH-dependent cytochrome c reductase.
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6713004 Liberman EA, Tsofina LM: [Effect of phosphodiesterase inhibitors on the membrane potential and respiration of mitochondria]. Biofizika. 1984 Jan-Feb;29(1):158-9.

It was shown that papaverine (50 microM) had rotenone--like action on isolated rat liver mitochondria decreasing their membrane potential and blocking respiration upon beta-oxybutyrate oxidation.
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223146 Hayes LW, Goguen CA, Stevens AL, Magargal WW, Slakey LL: Enzyme activities in endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells from swine aorta. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Jun;76(6):2532-5.

In populations of cultured arterial endothelial and smooth muscle cells grown under the same conditions, we have measured the total activity per cell of 10 enzymes commonly used as "markers" for subcellular organelles: NADH: ferricyanide reductase, NADH:cytochrome c reductase (rotenone insensitive).
NADPH:cytochrome c reductase, alpha-glucosidase, 5'-nucleotidase, alkaline phosphodiesterase I, cytochrome oxidase, monoamine oxidase, cathepsin D, and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase.
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6867166 Petkov E, Uzunov P, Kostova I, Somleva T, Ognyanov I: Inhibition of rat heart phosphodiesterase by some rotenoids and isoflavonoids. Planta Med. 1983 Apr;47(4):237-9.

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2982275 Kiebzak GM, Yusufi AN, Kusano E, Braun-Werness J, Dousa TP: ATP and cAMP system in the in vitro response of microdissected cortical tubules to PTH. Am J Physiol. 1985 Jan;248(1 Pt 2):F152-9.

In both PCT and DCT, the cell-free adenylate cyclase was stimulated at least 10-fold by the same dose (10 U/ml) of PTH, and activity of cAMP phosphodiesterase was about 80% higher in DCT than in PCT.
In DCT, with ATP depleted by 1 microM rotenone, PTH failed to increase the cAMP, although 1 microM rotenone did not inhibit the adenylate cyclase activity.
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2839496 Connolly E, Nedergaard J: Beta-adrenergic modulation of Ca2+ uptake by isolated brown adipocytes. J Biol Chem. 1988 Aug 5;263(22):10574-82.

The effect of norepinephrine (which had an EC50 of 140 nM) could be inhibited by beta-adrenergic blockade and could be mimicked by forskolin (an adenylate cyclase activator) and theophylline (a phosphodiesterase inhibitor).
The effect of beta-adrenergic stimulation on Ca2+ uptake was not directly caused by the large increase in respiration that occurs in response to norepinephrine because the respiratory inhibitor rotenone did not affect the Ca2+ response of the cells to the hormone.
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2416223 Kusano E, Murayama N, Werness JL, Christensen S, Homma S, Yusufi AN, Dousa TP: Effects of calcium on the vasopressin-sensitive cAMP metabolism in medullary tubules. Am J Physiol. 1985 Dec;249(6 Pt 2):F956-66.


Added Ca2+ inhibited the AVP-stimulated adenylate cyclase in MCT and MAL (half-maximum approximately equal to 5 X 10 (-4) M Ca2+) and stimulated cAMP phosphodiesterase (cAMP-PDIE) in both MCT and in MAL (half-maximum approximately equal to 9 X 10 (-5) M Ca2+).
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3502252 Griffith TM, Edwards DH, Henderson AH: Unstimulated release of endothelium derived relaxing factor is independent of mitochondrial ATP generation. Cardiovasc Res. 1987 Aug;21(8):565-8.


Since haemoglobin inhibits and the cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor, MB22948, amplifies endothelium dependent relaxation they were used to provide evidence of basal activity of endothelium derived relaxing factor (EDRF).
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6256363 Garbers DL: The elevation of cyclic AMP concentrations in flagella-less sea urchin sperm heads. J Biol Chem. 1981 Jan 25;256(2):620-4.

The decline in ATP concentrations was slightly more rapid in the presence of rotenone, suggestive of some ATP synthetic capabilities of the isolated head preparation. 45Ca2+ uptake was increased by Nigericin elevated pH, and A23187 but was not appreciably altered by monensin.
The isolated heads contained appreciable adenylate cyclase, cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase, cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase, guanylate cyclase, cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, and calmodulin.
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