Protein Information

Name AMPK
Synonyms 5' AMP activated protein kinase subunit beta 1; AMPK; 5' AMP activated protein kinase beta 1 subunit; AMP activated protein kinase beta subunit; AMP activated protein kinase beta 1 non catalytic subunit; AMPK beta 1 chain; AMPK beta1; AMPKb…

Compound Information

Name rotenone
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
17339833 Hinke SA, Martens GA, Cai Y, Finsi J, Heimberg H, Pipeleers D, Van de Casteele M: Methyl succinate antagonises biguanide-induced AMPK-activation and death of pancreatic beta-cells through restoration of mitochondrial electron transfer. Br J Pharmacol. 2007 Apr;150(8):1031-43. Epub 2007 Mar 5.

In rat beta-cells, metformin caused NAD (P) H accumulation above maximal glucose-inducible levels, mimicking the effect of rotenone.
6(0,0,0,6) Details
18945820 Shin SM, Kim SG: Inhibition of arachidonic acid and iron-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis by oltipraz and novel 1,2-dithiole-3-thione congeners. Mol Pharmacol. 2009 Jan;75(1):242-53. Epub 2008 Oct 22.

Oltipraz and other novel 1,2-dithiole-3-thione congeners have the capability to prevent insulin resistance via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation.
Oltipraz was found to attenuate apoptosis induced by rotenone (complex I inhibitor), but not that by antimycin A (complex III inhibitor), suggesting that the inhibition of AA-induced apoptosis by oltipraz might be associated with the electron transport system.
5(0,0,0,5) Details
15328001 Alba G, El Bekay R, Alvarez-Maqueda M, Chacon P, Vega A, Monteseirin J, Santa Maria C, Pintado E, Bedoya FJ, Bartrons R, Sobrino F: Stimulators of AMP-activated protein kinase inhibit the respiratory burst in human neutrophils. FEBS Lett. 2004 Aug 27;573(1-3):219-25.


In the present study, we have examined the potential ability of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to modulate NADPH oxidase activity in human neutrophils.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
18089792 Jin Q, Feng L, Behrens C, Bekele BN, Wistuba II, Hong WK, Lee HY: Implication of AMP-activated protein kinase and Akt-regulated survivin in lung cancer chemopreventive activities of deguelin. Cancer Res. 2007 Dec 15;67(24):11630-9.


Deguelin induced activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inactivation of Akt.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
16041863 Gills JJ, Kosmeder J 2nd, Moon RC, Lantvit DD, Pezzuto JM: Effect of deguelin on UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis. . J Chemother. 2005 Jun;17(3):297-301.


In the current work, however, deguelin was found to activate 5' AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), a protein that acts as a cellular energy sensor.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19781600 Ahn SY, Choi YS, Koo HJ, Jeong JH, Park WH, Kim M, Piao Y, Pak YK: Mitochondrial dysfunction enhances the migration of vascular smooth muscles cells via suppression of Akt phosphorylation. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010 Mar;1800(3):275-81. Epub 2009 Sep 23.

RESULTS: The treatment of oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) decreased ATP contents, mitochondrial respiration activity, mRNA expressions of OXPHOS subunits and IRS-1/2 and insulin-mediated phosphorylations of Akt and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).
Similarly, dideoxycytidine (ddC), the mtDNA replication inhibitor, or rotenone, OXPHOS complex I inhibitor, inhibited the insulin-mediated pAkt while increased pAMPK regardless of insulin.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
16186119 Fujii N, Hirshman MF, Kane EM, Ho RC, Peter LE, Seifert MM, Goodyear LJ: AMP-activated protein kinase alpha2 activity is not essential for contraction- and hyperosmolarity-induced glucose transport in skeletal muscle. J Biol Chem. 2005 Nov 25;280(47):39033-41. Epub 2005 Sep 26.

To examine the role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in muscle glucose transport, we generated muscle-specific transgenic mice (TG) carrying cDNAs of inactive alpha2 (alpha2i TG) and alpha1 (alpha1i TG) catalytic subunits.
Known AMPK stimuli including 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR), rotenone (a Complex I inhibitor), dinitrophenol (a mitochondrial uncoupler), muscle contraction, and sorbitol (producing hyperosmolar shock) did not increase AMPK alpha2 activity in alpha2i TG mice, whereas alpha1 activation was attenuated by only 30-50%.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
18563357 Han M, Im DS: Effects of mitochondrial inhibitors on cell viability in U937 monocytes under glucose deprivation. Arch Pharm Res. 2008 Jun;31(6):749-57. Epub 2008 Jun 19.

In glucose deprivation condition, intracellular ATP content is decreased and thereby AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is activated.
Mitochondrial inhibitors such as rotenone, TTFA, antimycin A, sodium azide, oligomycin, and valinomycin were used in this study.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17457038 Prigione A, Cortopassi G: Mitochondrial DNA deletions and chloramphenicol treatment stimulate the autophagic transcript ATG12. Autophagy. 2007 Jul-Aug;3(4):377-80. Epub 2007 Jul 5.

Our previous studies demonstrated that mtDNA deletions decreased mitochondrial ATP production and proteasomal function, induced the AMPK transcript (likely as a consequence of bioenergetic depletion), and decreased the intracellular concentration of 20 amino acids (possibly as a consequence of decreased proteasomal activity).
However, the bioenergetic inhibitor rotenone does not induce ATG12.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20349346 Fujita Y, Hosokawa M, Fujimoto S, Mukai E, Abudukadier A, Obara A, Ogura M, Nakamura Y, Toyoda K, Nagashima K, Seino Y, Inagaki N: Metformin suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis and lowers fasting blood glucose levels through reactive nitrogen species in mice. Diabetologia. 2010 Mar 29.

Since metformin is a mild mitochondrial complex I inhibitor, we compared its effects on suppression of gluconeogenesis, AMPK activation and generation of the RNS peroxynitrite (ONOO (-)) with those of rotenone, a representative complex I inhibitor.
164(2,2,2,4) Details
19664596 Ota S, Horigome K, Ishii T, Nakai M, Hayashi K, Kawamura T, Kishino A, Taiji M, Kimura T: Metformin suppresses glucose-6-phosphatase expression by a complex I inhibition and AMPK activation-independent mechanism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009 Oct 16;388(2):311-6. Epub 2009 Aug 5.

Since NDI1 can functionally complement the complex I under the presence of metformin or rotenone, our results indicate that metformin induces down-regulation of G6pc expression through an inhibition of complex I and an activation of AMPK-independent mechanism.
33(0,1,1,3) Details
10871188 Hayashi T, Hirshman MF, Fujii N, Habinowski SA, Witters LA, Goodyear LJ: Metabolic stress and altered glucose transport: activation of AMP-activated protein kinase as a unifying coupling mechanism. Diabetes. 2000 Apr;49(4):527-31.

5'AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) can be activated in response to cellular fuel depletion and leads to switching off ATP-consuming pathways and switching on ATP-regenerating pathways in many cell types.
Rates of glucose transport in the isolated muscles were increased by all of these conditions, including contraction (5-fold above basal), hypoxia (8-fold), 2,4-dinotrophenol (11-fold), rotenone (7-fold), and hyperosmolarity (8-fold).
4(0,0,0,4) Details
17452058 Fujii N, Seifert MM, Kane EM, Peter LE, Ho RC, Winstead S, Hirshman MF, Goodyear LJ: Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in exercise capacity, whole body glucose homeostasis, and glucose transport in skeletal muscle -insight from analysis of a transgenic mouse model-. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2007 Sep;77 Suppl 1:S92-8. Epub 2007 Apr 23.


To examine the role of muscle AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in maximal exercise capacity, whole body glucose homeostasis, and glucose transport in skeletal muscle, we generated muscle-specific transgenic mice carrying cDNAs of inactive AMPK alpha2 (alpha2i TG).
3(0,0,0,3) Details
17651460 Prigione A, Cortopassi G: Mitochondrial DNA deletions induce the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase energy stress pathway and result in decreased secretion of some proteins. Aging Cell. 2007 Oct;6(5):619-30. Epub 2007 Jul 26.

The defects in ATP synthesis, induction of the AMPK and SREBF1 transcripts, and decreased expression of ARL2 and secretion of OPG and FN were recapitulated by low doses of rotenone, demonstrating that they were a specific consequence of electron transport chain inhibition.
37(0,1,1,7) Details