| Name | Potassium channel (protein family or complex) |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | Potassium channel |
| Name | 4-aminopyridine |
|---|---|
| CAS | 4-pyridinamine |
| PubMed | Abstract | RScore(About this table) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10725353 | Millar JA, Barratt L, Southan AP, Page KM, Fyffe RE, Robertson B, Mathie A: A functional role for the two-pore domain potassium channel TASK-1 in cerebellar granule neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Mar 28;97(7):3614-8. IK (SO) is blocked by Ba (2+) ions and is regulated by activation of muscarinic M (3) receptors, but it is insensitive to the classical broad-spectrum potassium channel blocking drugs 4-aminopyridine and tetraethylammonium ions. |
84(1,1,1,4) | Details |
| 14594030 | Fu ZJ, Cheng HW, Zhang LF, Ma J, Zhang LN, Ma XW: [Changes of potassium channel activity of hindlimb arterial smooth muscle cells in tail-suspended rats]. Space Med Med Eng. 2003 Aug;16(4):253-6. METHOD: The contractile responsiveness of femoral arterial rings of 1-wk and 4-wk tail-suspended rats to potassium channel blockers, tetraethylammonium (TEA) and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), were recorded, and the currents of large conductance -dependent potassium channel (BK (Ca)) and voltage activated potassium channel (Kv) of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in saphenous arteries from 1-wk tail-suspended rats were recorded using the whole cell recording mode of patch clamp technique. |
83(1,1,1,3) | Details |
| 20179886 | Song SL, Wei CL, Gu HG, Liu ZQ, Ren W: [The modulation of 4-aminopyridine sensitive potassium channel to bifurcation scenario of the spontaneous neural firing rhythms.]. Sheng Li Xue Bao. 2010 Feb 25;62(1):35-41. |
81(1,1,1,1) | Details |
| 19657079 | Deng P, Pang ZP, Lei Z, Xu ZC: Excitatory roles of protein kinase C in striatal cholinergic interneurons. J Neurophysiol. 2009 Oct;102(4):2453-61. Epub 2009 Aug 5. These excitatory effects of PKC could be partially mimicked and occluded by blockade of I (A) with potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 16641238 | Hanus C, Ehrensperger MV, Triller A: Activity-dependent movements of postsynaptic scaffolds at inhibitory synapses. J Neurosci. 2006 Apr 26;26(17):4586-95. Moreover, the action of the potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine and receptor antagonists indicate that the dynamics of postsynaptic gephyrin scaffolds are controlled by synaptic activity. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 19922891 | Vollmer T, Henney HR 3rd: Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of single escalating doses of fampridine sustained-release tablets in patients with multiple sclerosis: a Phase I-II, open-label trial. Clin Ther. 2009 Oct;31(10):2206-14. BACKGROUND: Fampridine (4-aminopyridine) is a potassium channel-blocking agent that has been reported to have therapeutic potential for improving walking and mobility in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 11431490 | Nunemaker CS, DeFazio RA, Geusz ME, Herzog ED, Pitts GR, Moenter SM: Long-term recordings of networks of immortalized GnRH neurons reveal episodic patterns of electrical activity. J Neurophysiol. 2001 Jul;86(1):86-93. The A-type potassium-channel antagonist 4-aminopyridine (1 mM) increased both firing rate and GnRH secretion, demonstrating the presence of A-type currents in these cells and supporting the hypothesis that electrical activity is associated with GnRH release. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 12853442 | Jensen JM, Shi R: Effects of 4-aminopyridine on stretched mammalian spinal cord: the role of channels in axonal conduction. J Neurophysiol. 2003 Oct;90(4):2334-40. Epub 2003 Jul 9. Axonal conduction deficit is a major contributor to various degrees of disability after spinal cord injury. 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), a potassium channel blocker, has been shown to restore some conduction and improve neurological function in both animal and human studies. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 19061970 | Montes FR, Cabrera M, Delgadillo A, Salgar C, Echeverri D: The role of channels in the vasodilatory effect of in human internal mammary arteries. Vascul Pharmacol. 2009 Mar-Apr;50(3-4):132-6. Epub 2008 Nov 24. The response to was also evaluated after incubation with 3',5'- (ATP)-dependent potassium channel blocker glibenclamide, voltage-dependent potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine and large-conductance -activated potassium channel inhibitor tetraethylammonium. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 19171133 | Yaktubay Dondas N, Karatas Y, Kaya D, Soylu N, Singirik E, Baysal F: Molecular mechanism of KCl-induced relaxation of the esophagus. . Eur J Pharmacol. 2009 Mar 1;605(1-3):123-8. Epub 2009 Jan 10. Similarly, potassium channel blockers such as 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; 100 microM) and tetraethylammonium (TEA; 100 microM) caused a significant inhibition on relaxations to KCl. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 17437050 | Yan N, Li XH, Cheng Q, Yan J, Ni X, Sun JH: [Decreased A-type current mediates the hyperexcitability of nociceptive neurons in the chronically compressed dorsal root ganglia]. Sheng Li Xue Bao. 2007 Apr 25;59(2):240-6. We examined the effects of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), a specific antagonist of A-type potassium channel, on the excitability of the control DRG neurons. |
81(1,1,1,1) | Details |
| 17041732 | Pi YL, Ma JH, Zhang PH, Duan JJ: -dependent channels in plasma membrane of oocytes from toad, Bufo bufo gargarizans]. Sheng Li Xue Bao. 2006 Oct 25;58(5):471-6. Potassium channel blockers (tetraethylammonium TEA, 10 mmol/L and 4-aminopyridine, 4-AP, 10 mmol/L) reduced the outward current to (23.4+/-0.72)% of the maximum. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 14506322 | Magdalan J: New treatment methods in poisoning: experimental studies. Pol J Pharmacol. 2003 May-Jun;55(3):425-32. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment with 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, potassium channel inhibitor) and Bay K 8644 (calcium channel activator) in experimentally evoked poisoning in rats and to compare the results of this treatment with the effectiveness of widely accepted methods compounds). |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 17592231 | Bagcivan I, Gursoy S, Yildirim MK, Kaya Temiz T, Yildirim S, Yilmaz A, Turan M: Investigation of relaxant effects of propofol on sheep sphincter of Oddi. . Pancreatology. 2007;7(2-3):174-9. Epub 2007 Jun 21. METHODS: SO rings were mounted in a tissue bath and tested for changes in isometric tension in response to propofol (10 (-8)-10 (-4) M) in the presence or absence of L-NAME (3 x 10 (-5) M), a non-specific inhibitor of (NO) synthase; indomethacin (10 (-5) M), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase; glibenclamide (10 (-5) M), an inhibitor of ATP-sensitive channels; tetraethylammonium (3 x 10 (-4) M), inhibitors of -activated channels; 4-aminopyridine (10 (-3) M), a voltage-dependent potassium channel blocker. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 11102477 | Ango F, Pin JP, Tu JC, Xiao B, Worley PF, Bockaert J, Fagni L: Dendritic and axonal targeting of type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptor is regulated by homer1 proteins and neuronal excitation. J Neurosci. 2000 Dec 1;20(23):8710-6. Depolarization of the neurons with a mixture of ionotropic glutamate receptor agonists, and kainate, or potassium channel blockers, tetraethylammonium and 4-aminopyridine, induced transient expression of endogenous Homer1a and persistent neuritic localization of transfected mGluR5 even long after degradation of Homer1a. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 17624584 | Nacitarhan C, Bayram Z, Eksert B, Usta C, Golbasi I, Ozdem SS: The effect of peroxide in human internal thoracic arteries: role of channels, and cyclooxygenase products. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2007 Aug;21(4):257-62. Incubation of endothelium-intact or endothelium-denuded human ITA rings with voltage-dependent potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (5 mM) significantly inhibited the relaxant responses to H (2) O (2). |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 17673572 | Juvin V, Penna A, Chemin J, Lin YL, Rassendren FA: Pharmacological characterization and molecular determinants of the activation of transient receptor potential V2 channel orthologs by 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate. Mol Pharmacol. 2007 Nov;72(5):1258-68. Epub 2007 Aug 2. Besides the classic TRP inhibitors ruthenium red (RR) and 1-(beta-[3-(4-methoxyphenyl) propoxy]-4-methoxyphenethyl)- hydrochloride (SKF96365), two potassium channel blockers, tetraethylammonium (TEA) and 4-aminopyridine, and an inhibitor of capacitative entry, 1-(2-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl) (TRIM), were found to inhibit TRPV2 activation by 100 microM 2APB. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 17525359 | Stojic D, Pesic S, Radenkovic M, Popovic-Roganovic J, Pesic Z, Grbovic L: Responses of the human submandibular artery to and VIP. J Dent Res. 2007 Jun;86(6):565-70. We evaluated the contributions of endothelial vasodilatory substances to vessel relaxation in response to and VIP, using different inhibitors of endothelial vasodilation, the synthase inhibitor, the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, the potassium channel blocker, and 4-aminopyridine. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 15051158 | Wang SJ, Wang KY, Wang WC: Mechanisms underlying the riluzole inhibition of release from rat cerebral cortex nerve terminals (synaptosomes). Neuroscience. 2004;125(1):191-201. Riluzole inhibited the -dependent release of that was evoked by exposing cerebrocortical synaptosomes to the potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine, and this presynaptic inhibition was concentration-dependent. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 10761168 | Segal JL, Hayes KC, Brunnemann SR, Hsieh JT, Potter PJ, Pathak MS, Tierney DS, Mason D: Absorption characteristics of sustained-release 4-aminopyridine (fampridine SR) in patients with chronic spinal cord injury. J Clin Pharmacol. 2000 Apr;40(4):402-9. Fampridine SR (4-aminopyridine) is a potassium channel-blocking drug currently being investigated for its therapeutic efficacy in ameliorating central conduction deficits due to demyelination in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 16165285 | Fatehi M, Kombian SB, Saleh TM: 17beta- inhibits outward currents recorded in rat parabrachial nucleus cells in vitro. Neuroscience. 2005;135(4):1075-86. Epub 2005 Sep 13. The 17beta--induced inhibition of the outward current was blocked by pretreatment with the potassium channel blockers tetraethylammonium and 4-aminopyridine. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 17664175 | Kalla R, Glasauer S, Buttner U, Brandt T, Strupp M: 4-aminopyridine restores vertical and horizontal neural integrator function in downbeat nystagmus. Brain. 2007 Sep;130(Pt 9):2441-51. Epub 2007 Jul 29. Since cerebellar involvement is suspected to be the underlying pathomechanism of DBN, we tested in 15 patients with DBN whether the application of the potassium-channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), which increases the excitability of cerebellar Purkinje cells as shown in animal experiments, reduces the vertical ocular drift leading to nystagmus. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 11746768 | Lohr C, Oland LA, Tolbert LP: Olfactory receptor axons influence the development of glial currents in the antennal lobe of the moth Manduca sexta. Glia. 2001 Dec;36(3):309-20. At all developmental stages investigated, the outward currents were partly blocked by bath application of the potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4AP, 10 mM) or by including tetraethylammonium (TEA, 30 mM) in the pipette solution. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 11166687 | Sperlagh B, Zsilla G, Vizi ES: K (ATP) channel blockers selectively interact with A (1)- receptor mediated modulation of release in the rat hippocampus. Brain Res. 2001 Jan 19;889(1-2):63-70. Glibenclamide and glipizide (10-100 microM) completely prevented the inhibitory effect of 0.1 microM CHA and shifted the concentration response curve of CHA to the right. 4-Aminopyridine (10-100 microM), the non-selective potassium channel blocker, increased the evoked release of [3H] but in the presence of 4-aminopyridine, the inhibitory effect of CHA (0.1 microM) still persisted. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 11152736 | Zhang YH, Kenyon JL, Nicol GD: Phorbol ester-induced inhibition of currents in rat sensory neurons requires voltage-dependent entry of J Neurophysiol. 2001 Jan;85(1):362-73. The potassium channel blockers tetraethylammonium (TEA, 10 mM) and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, 3 mM and 30 microM) reduced I (K), but only TEA attenuated the ability of PDBu to further inhibit the current, suggesting that the I (K) modified by PDBu was sensitive to TEA. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 19443164 | Schwam E: Severe accidental overdose of 4-aminopyridine due to a compounding pharmacy error. J Emerg Med. 2009 May 12. Background: 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP) is a potassium channel-blocking drug used to ameliorate symptoms of multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury by facilitating neural impulse conduction. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 12686577 | Boller M, Schmidt M: GABAC receptors in the rat superior colliculus and pretectum participate in synaptic neurotransmission. J Neurophysiol. 2003 Apr;89(4):2035-45. To increase the likelihood to record IPSCs we induced spontaneous activity by application of the potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and blocked -mediated excitatory neurotransmission with |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 15979855 | Thuault SJ, Brown JT, Calver AR, Collingridge GL, Randall A, Davies CH: Mechanisms contributing to the exacerbated epileptiform activity in hippocampal slices expressing a C-terminal truncated (B2) receptor subunit. Epilepsy Res. 2005 Jun;65(1-2):41-51. Furthermore, synchronous (A) receptor-mediated potentials recorded in the presence of the potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, 100muM) and the ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists NBQX (20muM) and D-AP5 (50muM) were significantly prolonged in duration in DeltaGB2-Ct versus WT slices. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 12913062 | Souza HC, Salgado HC, Ballejo G, Salgado MC: SR141716A-sensitive enhancement of ET-1 hypotensive effect by chronic NOS inhibition. Hypertension. 2003 Oct;42(4):802-5. Epub 2003 Aug 11. The enhanced ET-1 hypotensive effect in L-NAME-treated rats was abolished by the ETB receptor antagonist BQ-788 but was unaltered by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor diclofenac, the cytochrome P450 inhibitor fluconazole, or the potassium channel blockers apamin, glibenclamide, tetraethylammonium, and 4-aminopyridine. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 12975592 | Pataricza J, Krassoi I, Hohn J, Kun A, Papp JG: Functional role of channels in the vasodilating mechanism of levosimendan in porcine isolated coronary artery. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2003 Mar;17(2):115-21. The interaction of levosimendan with the specific -activated potassium channel (KCa) blocker, iberiotoxin (IBTX), and the voltage-sensitive potassium channel (KV) blocker, 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), was also studied. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 10634884 | Solessio E, Linn DM, Perlman I, Lasater EM: Characterization with barium of currents in turtle retinal Muller cells. J Neurophysiol. 2000 Jan;83(1):418-30. These currents are insensitive to broadband potassium channel blockers, tetraethylammonium (TEA) and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and well blocked by barium. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 12126879 | Gulyas-Kovacs A, Doczi J, Tarnawa I, Detari L, Banczerowski-Pelyhe I, Vilagi I: Comparison of spontaneous and evoked epileptiform activity in three in vitro epilepsy models. Brain Res. 2002 Aug 2;945(2):174-80. Rat neocortical slices express spontaneous epileptiform activity after incubation with (A) receptor blocker bicuculline (BIC, 20 microM), with potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, 50 microM) or in Mg (2+)-free medium (LMG). |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 15592580 | Hayes KC: The use of 4-aminopyridine (fampridine) in demyelinating disorders. . CNS Drug Rev. 2004 Winter;10(4):295-316. 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP or fampridine) is a potassium channel-blocking agent that has been shown to restore conduction in focally demyelinated axons. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 10832015 | Chung J, Chang S, Kim Y, Shin H: increases the excitability of dopaminergic neurons in rat substantia nigra. Neurosci Lett. 2000 Jun 9;286(3):183-6. Voltage-clamp studies showed that Zn (2+) decreased 4-aminopyridine-sensitive outward currents, suggesting that a transient A-like potassium channel be one of the major targets Zn (2+) can modulate in the SN neurons. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 19818752 | de Matos Silva LF, de Paula Ramos ER, Ambiel CR, Correia-de-Sa P, Alves-Do-Prado W: Apamin reduces neuromuscular transmission by activating inhibitory muscarinic receptors on motor nerve terminals. Eur J Pharmacol. 2010 Jan 25;626(2-3):239-43. Epub 2009 Oct 8. The effects of apamin were compared with those produced by another potassium channel blocker, 4-aminopyridine, on rat hemidiaphragm preparations stimulated at a 100 Hz frequency via the phrenic nerve. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 19966074 | Smith W, Swan S, Marbury T, Henney H 3rd: Single-Dose pharmacokinetics of sustained-release fampridine (Fampridine-SR) in healthy volunteers and adults with renal impairment. J Clin Pharmacol. 2010 Feb;50(2):151-9. Epub 2009 Dec 4. Fampridine-SR is a sustained-release formulation of fampridine (4-aminopyridine), a potassium channel blocker demonstrated to improve walking ability in patients with multiple sclerosis. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 12522206 | Powers RK, Binder MD: Persistent and currents in rat hypoglossal motoneurons. J Neurophysiol. 2003 Jan;89(1):615-24. In the presence of potassium channel blockers (internal cesium and external 4-aminopyridine and tetraethylammonium), net inward currents were present on both the rising and falling phases of the voltage-clamp command. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 16716270 | Wang D, Schreurs BG: Characteristics of IA currents in adult rabbit cerebellar Purkinje cells. . Brain Res. 2006 Jun 22;1096(1):85-96. Epub 2006 May 23. Classical conditioning the rabbit nictitating membrane involves changes in synaptic and intrinsic membrane properties of cerebellar Purkinje cell dendrites, and a 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)-sensitive potassium channel underlies these membrane properties. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 11463634 | Loboda A, Armstrong CM: Resolving the gating charge movement associated with late transitions in K channel activation. Biophys J. 2001 Aug;81(2):905-16. We examined the late transitions in the activation sequence of channels by analyzing gating currents of mutant Shaker IR channels and using the potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4AP). |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 12897638 | Hayes KC, Potter PJ, Hansebout RR, Bugaresti JM, Hsieh JT, Nicosia S, Katz MA, Blight AR, Cohen R: Pharmacokinetic studies of single and multiple oral doses of fampridine-SR (sustained-release 4-aminopyridine) in patients with chronic spinal cord injury. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2003 Jul-Aug;26(4):185-92. Fampridine (4-aminopyridine) is a potassium channel blocking agent that restores conduction in demyelinated axons and improves neurologic function in patients with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 17416285 | Grijalva I, Guizar-Sahagun G, Rodriguez-Pacheco D, Francisco-Arguelles C, Castaneda-Hernandez G, Palma-Aguirre JA: Gastric emptying effect by 4-aminopyridine in patients with chronic spinal cord injury. Arch Med Res. 2007 May;38(4):392-7. Epub 2007 Mar 12. BACKGROUND: 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP) given to patients with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) has shown beneficial effects in some somatic and autonomic functions, although patients often develop dyspeptic symptoms. 4-AP is a potassium-channel blocker capable of altering -pyloric functions as demonstrated experimentally. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 18037462 | Cheng YC, Wang JJ, Chang LS: B chain is a functional subunit of beta-bungarotoxin for inducing apoptotic death of human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. Toxicon. 2008 Feb;51(2):304-15. Epub 2007 Oct 13. MK801 (an NMDA receptor antagonist), antibodies against NMDA receptor and 4-aminopyridine (a potassium channel blocker) markedly reduced the cytotoxic effects of beta-Bgt, B chain and catalytically inactivated beta-Bgt. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 11934483 | Shi R, Pryor JD: Pathological changes of isolated spinal cord axons in response to mechanical stretch. Neuroscience. 2002;110(4):765-77. Three types of conduction blocks resulting from stretch injury were identified: an immediate, spontaneously reversible component, which may result from a transient increase in membrane permeability and consequent disturbance of ionic distribution; a second component that was irreversible within 30-60 min of recording, perhaps resulting from profound axolemmal disruption; and a third component, which may be due to perturbation of the myelin sheath, that was reversible with application of 100 microM of the potassium channel blocker, 4-aminopyridine. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 17164473 | Ghatta S, Tunstall RR, Kareem S, Rahman M, O'Rourke ST: Sirolimus causes relaxation of human vascular smooth muscle: a novel action of sirolimus mediated via ATP-sensitive channels. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2007 Mar;320(3):1204-8. Epub 2006 Dec 12. In U46619-contracted rings, the response to sirolimus was markedly inhibited in the presence of the specific ATP-sensitive (K (ATP)) channel blocker, glyburide (10 (-6) M), but was unaffected by treatment with blockers of large conductance, -activated potassium channel (iberiotoxin, 10 (-7) M), small conductance, -activated potassium channel (apamin, 10 (-6) M), or voltage-gated potassium channel (4-aminopyridine, 10 (-3) M). |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 16677766 | Laursen M, Rekling JC: The Edinger-Westphal nucleus of the juvenile rat contains transient- and repetitive-firing neurons. Neuroscience. 2006 Aug 11;141(1):191-200. Epub 2006 May 4. Transient-firing neurons had an outward rectifying response inhibiting firing, possibly due to slowly inactivating I (D)-like channels since low concentrations (200 microM) of the potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine elicited repetitive firing. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 14970964 | Hayes KC, Potter PJ, Hsieh JT, Katz MA, Blight AR, Cohen R: Pharmacokinetics and safety of multiple oral doses of sustained-release 4-aminopyridine (Fampridine-SR) in subjects with chronic, incomplete spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004 Jan;85(1):29-34. OBJECTIVE: To examine the pharmacokinetics and safety of sustained-release 4-aminopyridine (Fampridine-SR), a potassium channel blocker, in subjects with chronic, incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI). |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 12509600 | Velez L, Shirazi F, Goto C, Shepherd G, Roth BA: Opisthotonic posturing with neuromuscular irritability attributable to 4-aminopyridine ingestion by a healthy pediatric patient. Pediatrics. 2003 Jan;111(1):e82-4. INTRODUCTION: 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP) is a potassium channel blocker used to increase muscle strength in the treatment of demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 11136357 | Tallaksen CM, Tauboll E: Excitatory effect of on CA1 pyramidal neurones in rat hippocampal slices in vitro. Eur J Neurol. 2000 Nov;7(6):693-8. Additional experiments with low concentrations of the potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine showed similar findings. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 10583911 | Hendriks R, Morest DK, Kaczmarek LK: Role in neuronal cell migration for high-threshold currents in the chicken hindbrain. J Neurosci Res. 1999 Dec 15;58(6):805-14. These currents were completely suppressed by the potassium channel blockers, 1.0 mM tetraethylammonium (TEA) or 1.0 mM 4-aminopyridine (4-AP). |
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| 12377604 | Chen M, Sun HY, Wang Y, Gao TM: Protection of potassium channel inhibitors against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced death of cultured hippocampal neurons. Di Yi Jun Yi Da Xue Xue Bao. 2002 Oct;22(10):872-4. However, A-type potassium channel inhibitor 4-aminopyridine presented no protection against neuron death (P> 0.05). |
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| 11906724 | Stafford JL, Galvez F, Goss GG, Belosevic M: Induction of and respiratory burst response in activated goldfish macrophages requires potassium channel activity. Dev Comp Immunol. 2002 Jun;26(5):445-59. Since relatively little is known about the types of channels present in fish macrophages, pharmacological blockers with broad ranges of activity were tested: 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), quinine, and tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA). |
4(0,0,0,4) | Details |
| 14618675 | Yang TT, Hung CF, Lee YJ, Su MJ, Wang SJ: Morphine inhibits exocytosis from rat cerebral cortex nerve terminals (synaptosomes) by reducing Ca2+ influx. Synapse. 2004 Feb;51(2):83-90. Morphine, a mu-opioid agonist, suppressed the Ca (2+)-dependent release of that was evoked by exposing cerebrocortical synaptosomes to the potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine. |
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| 19643095 | Smith AJ, Tauskela JS, Stone TW, Smith RA: Preconditioning with 4-aminopyridine protects cerebellar granule neurons against excitotoxicity. Brain Res. 2009 Oct 19;1294:165-75. Epub 2009 Jul 28. We report here the potential of an alternative strategy, tested on rat neonatal cerebellar granule neurons, which involves a 48-hour preconditioning step using the potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), at a low (50 microM) and at a higher (2500 microM) concentration (in the presence or absence of the (A) receptor antagonist, bicuculline). 4-Aminopyridine gave extensive protection against a number of stressors and 3-nitropropionic acid) applied 24 h following the end of the preconditioning period. |
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| 19302905 | Blight AR, Henney HR 3rd: Pharmacokinetics of 14C-radioactivity after oral intake of a single dose of 14C-labeled fampridine (4-aminopyridine) in healthy volunteers. Clin Ther. 2009 Feb;31(2):328-35. BACKGROUND: Fampridine (4-aminopyridine) is a potassium channel blocker that has been evaluated as a treatment for patients with spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis. |
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| 16554499 | Ziburkus J, Cressman JR, Barreto E, Schiff SJ: Interneuron and pyramidal cell interplay during in vitro seizure-like events. J Neurophysiol. 2006 Jun;95(6):3948-54. Epub 2006 Mar 22. We describe a novel pattern of interleaving EI activity during spontaneous in vitro SLEs generated by the potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine in the presence of decreased |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 17395137 | Strupp M, Zwergal A, Brandt T: Episodic ataxia type 2. . Neurotherapeutics. 2007 Apr;4(2):267-73. Two effective treatment options have been established for EA 2: acetazolamide (ACTZ), which probably changes the intracellular pH and thereby the transmembraneous potential, and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), a potassium channel blocker. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 17542761 | Segal JL, Thompson JF, Tayek JA: Effects of long-term 4-aminopyridine therapy on tolerance and glucokinetics in patients with spinal cord injury. Pharmacotherapy. 2007 Jun;27(6):789-92. STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of the potassium channel blocker, 4-aminopyridine, on tolerance and glucokinetics in patients with spinal cord injury. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 10623483 | Banchelli G, Raimondi L, Ghelardini C, Pirisino R, Bertini V, De Munno A, Lucchesini F: Benzylamine-related compounds stimulate rat vas deferens neurotransmission and potentiate memory in the mouse acting as potassium channel blockers. Pharmacol Res. 2000 Feb;41(2):151-62. To verify if this effect could be referred to as a modulation of channels the activity of some benzylamines, KCl, tetraetylammonium (TEA), BaCl (2), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), glibenclamide (GLI), charibdotoxin (ChTX) and apamin (APA) has been compared. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 15127611 | Pan YP, Xu XH, Wang XL: [High throughput screening method of potassium channel regulators] . Yao Xue Xue Bao. 2004 Feb;39(2):85-8. AIM: To discover new regulators of potassium channel, an in vitro assay based on DiBAC4 (3) to determine the fluorescence was established for high throughput screening. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 11136940 | Horiuchi T, Dietrich HH, Tsugane S, Dacey RG Jr: Role of channels in regulation of brain arteriolar tone: comparison of cerebrum versus brain stem. Stroke. 2001 Jan;32(1):218-24. The internal diameter of cannulated and pressurized vessel was monitored with the inverted microscope before and after administration of potassium channel inhibitors. RESULTS: Cerebral and brain stem arterioles were significantly constricted by 4-aminopyridine and low concentration of BaCl (2) but not by glibenclamide. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 17532582 | Collins A, Larson MK, Pfaff JE, Ishmael JE: Survival of Swiss-Webster mouse cerebellar granule neurons is promoted by a combination of potassium channel blockers. Toxicol Lett. 2007 Jun 15;171(1-2):60-8. Epub 2007 Apr 24. Potassium channel blockers, 2 mM 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), 2 mM tetraethylammonium (TEA) or 1 mM Ba (2+), individually afforded limited protection in 5.6 mM K (+). |
8(0,0,1,3) | Details |
| 17629412 | McBride JM, Smith DT, Byrn SR, Borgens RB, Shi R: 4-Aminopyridine derivatives enhance impulse conduction in guinea-pig spinal cord following traumatic injury. Neuroscience. 2007 Aug 10;148(1):44-52. Epub 2007 Jul 12. 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP), a potassium channel blocker, is capable of restoring conduction in the injured spinal cord. |
7(0,0,1,2) | Details |
| 11739602 | Lambe EK, Aghajanian GK: The role of Kv1.2-containing channels in -induced release from thalamocortical terminals in rat frontal cortex. J Neurosci. 2001 Dec 15;21(24):9955-63. Here, we investigate parallels in EPSCs induced by either or the potassium channel blockers 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) or alpha-dendrotoxin (DTX). |
7(0,0,1,2) | Details |
| 15655396 | Straube A: Pharmacology of vertigo/nystagmus/oscillopsia. Curr Opin Neurol. 2005 Feb;18(1):11-4. A new pharmacological treatment option for downbeat nystagmus is the administration of potassium channel blockers (e.g. 4-aminopyridine). |
7(0,0,1,2) | Details |
| 12969154 | Achar E, Achar RA, Paiva TB, Campos AH, Schor N: Amitriptyline eliminates calculi through urinary tract smooth muscle relaxation. Kidney Int. 2003 Oct;64(4):1356-64. This effect was prevented by pretreatment of urethral rings with 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), a voltage-dependent potassium channel blocker. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 16297607 | McBride JM, Smith DT, Byrn SR, Borgens RB, Shi R: Dose responses of three 4-aminopyridine derivatives on axonal conduction in spinal cord trauma. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2006 Feb;27(2-3):237-42. Epub 2005 Nov 16. The tested compounds significantly enhanced axonal conduction to the stretch injured cord at 1 microM, a dose that coincides with the clinically relevant dose of potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP). |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 19470382 | Zhao P, Huang X, Wang ZY, Qiu ZX, Han YF, Lu HL, Kim YC, Xu WX: Dual effect of exogenous on the spontaneous contraction of gastric smooth muscle in guinea-pig. Eur J Pharmacol. 2009 Aug 15;616(1-3):223-8. Epub 2009 May 23. The excitatory effect on spontaneous contraction, caused by low concentrations of NaHS, was abolished when the muscle strips were pretreated with 10 mM tetraethylammonium (TEA), a nonselective potassium channel blocker, or 0.5 mM 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP), a voltage-gated K (+) channel blocker. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 19443939 | Eksert B, Usta C: Role of channels in the relaxant effect of levosimendan in guinea pig tracheal preparations. Pharmacol Rep. 2009 Mar-Apr;61(2):275-80. Incubation of guinea pig tracheal rings with the ATP-dependent potassium channel (K (ATP)) blocker glibenclamide for 30 min significantly inhibited the relaxant responses to both levosimendan and cromakalim. However, incubation of the tracheal rings with the voltage-dependent potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine for 10 min did not cause significant alterations on relaxant responses to levosimendan. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 15730786 | Zhao LM, Xu YJ, Zhang ZX, Ni W, Chen SX: [Effect of potassium channel on the proliferation, apoptosis and related-gene expression in human bronchial smooth muscle cells]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2004 Dec;27(12):841-6. The cultured HBSMCs were divided into four groups: (1) control group; (2) 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) group: containing 4 mmol/L 4-AP; (3) TEA group: containing 1 mmol/L TEA; (4) Glib group: containing 0.1 mmol/L Glib. |
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| 18565223 | Klassen TL, Spencer AN, Gallin WJ: A naturally occurring omega current in a Kv3 family potassium channel from a platyhelminth. BMC Neurosci. 2008 Jun 19;9:52. The inward rectifier channels (wild-type and mutant) are sensitive to 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) but not tetra-ethyl ammonium (TEA), whereas the delayed rectifier mutants are sensitive to TEA but not 4-AP. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 12804404 | Solari A, Uitdehaag B, Giuliani G, Pucci E, Taus C: Aminopyridines for symptomatic treatment in multiple sclerosis. . Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;(2):CD001330. BACKGROUND: The potassium channel blockers 4-aminopyridine (AP) and 3,4-diaminopyridine (DAP) increase nerve conduction in demyelinated nerve fibers, and have been proposed as a symptomatic therapy for people with multiple sclerosis (MS). |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 19445932 | Vilagi I, Dobo E, Borbely S, Czege D, Molnar E, Mihaly A: Repeated 4-aminopyridine induced seizures diminish the efficacy of glutamatergic transmission in the neocortex. Exp Neurol. 2009 Sep;219(1):136-45. Epub 2009 May 13. Systemic administration of the potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) elicits acute convulsions. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 11401416 | Koyuncuoglu H, Nurten A, Enginar N, Ozerman B, Kara I: The effects of different 4-aminopyridine and morphine combinations on the intensity of morphine abstinence. Pharmacol Res. 2001 Mar;43(3):245-50. In this study the effect of the increase in the endogenous (GLU) release due to 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), a potassium channel blocker, during the development of morphine (M) physical dependence and during the naloxone (NL)-precipitated abstinence syndrome was investigated. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 15608074 | Tertyshnikova S, Knox RJ, Plym MJ, Thalody G, Griffin C, Neelands T, Harden DG, Signor L, Weaver D, Myers RA, Lodge NJ: BL-1249 [(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-naphthalen-1-yl)-[2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl]-amine] : a putative potassium channel opener with bladder-relaxant properties. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005 Apr;313(1):250-9. Epub 2004 Dec 17. The BL-1249-evoked outward K+ current was insensitive to blockade by glyburide, tetraethylammonium, iberiotoxin, 4-aminopyridine, apamin, or Mg2+. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 11880492 | Faber ES, Sah P: Physiological role of -activated currents in the rat lateral amygdala. J Neurosci. 2002 Mar 1;22(5):1618-28. Blockade of large conductance -activated potassium channel (BK) channels with paxilline, iberiotoxin, or TEA revealed that BK channels are involved in action potential repolarization but only make a small contribution to the fast AHP that follows action potentials. The fast AHP was, however, markedly reduced by low concentrations of 4-aminopyridine and alpha-dendrotoxin, indicating the involvement of voltage-gated potassium channels in the fast AHP. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 15716550 | Glasauer S, Kalla R, Buttner U, Strupp M, Brandt T: 4-aminopyridine restores visual ocular motor function in upbeat nystagmus. . J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005 Mar;76(3):451-3. The effect of the potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) on spontaneous upbeat nystagmus (UBN) was investigated with the search coil technique during fixation in different gaze positions and smooth pursuit in a patient before and after ingestion of 10 mg 4-AP. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 18718349 | Glasauer S, Rossert C: Modelling drug modulation of nystagmus. . Prog Brain Res. 2008;171:527-34. A treatment option for downbeat nystagmus (DBN), a common form of acquired fixation nystagmus that often occurs with cerebellar degeneration, is low doses of the potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP). |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 15827015 | Glasauer S, Strupp M, Kalla R, Buttner U, Brandt T: Effect of 4-aminopyridine on upbeat and downbeat nystagmus elucidates the mechanism of downbeat nystagmus. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005 Apr;1039:528-31. The potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) restored vertical smooth pursuit and gaze holding in light in one patient with upbeat (UBN) and in one with downbeat nystagmus (DBN). |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 18414393 | Albus K, Wahab A, Heinemann U: Standard antiepileptic drugs fail to block epileptiform activity in rat organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. Br J Pharmacol. 2008 Jun;154(3):709-24. Epub 2008 Apr 14. SLEs were induced by lowering concentration or by applying the potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 19548855 | Bever CT, Judge SI: Sustained-release fampridine for multiple sclerosis. . Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2009 Jul;18(7):1013-24. Fampridine (4-aminopyridine) is a potassium channel blocker that can increase action potential duration and amplitude, leading to improved conduction in demyelinated nerve fibers and to increased neurotransmitter release at synaptic endings. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 16829109 | Usta C, Eksert B, Golbasi I, Bigat Z, Ozdem SS: The role of channels in the vasodilatory effect of levosimendan in human internal thoracic arteries. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2006 Aug;30(2):329-32. Epub 2006 Jul 7. Incubation of human internal thoracic artery rings with 3',5'- (ATP)-dependent potassium channel blocker glibenclamide (10 (-6) M) for 30 min significantly inhibited the relaxant responses to both levosimendan and cromakalim. Incubation of the rings with the voltage-dependent potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (5 mM) for 10 min did not cause significant alterations in relaxant responses to levosimendan. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 16448858 | Iwasaki-Kurashige K, Loyaga-Rendon RY, Matsumoto H, Tokunaga T, Azuma H: Possible mediators involved in decreasing peripheral vascular resistance with blackcurrant concentrate (BC) in hind-limb perfusion model of the rat. Vascul Pharmacol. 2006 Apr;44(4):215-23. Epub 2006 Jan 30. The decrease in PP with BC was abolished by endothelial removal, nitroarginine plus tetraethylammonium, nitroarginine plus catalase or 1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo [4,3-a] quinoxaline-1-one as an inhibitor of guanylyl cyclase and potassium channel (s), and accompanied by the increased cyclic GMP level. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 15943238 | Kuznetzova IV, Evstigneev DA, Glukhova NV: [Transformation of electrical activity in the myelinated nerve fibres of amphibia by 4-aminopyridine]. Fiziol Zh. 2005;51(2):96-103. Using the extracellular recording we studied the effect of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), a potassium channel blocker on the electrical activity of the myelinated nerve fibres of amphibia Rana ridibunda Pallas. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 17822718 | Wang Y, Shi JG, Wang MZ, Che CT, Yeung JH: Mechanisms of the vasorelaxant effect of 1--2, 3, 5-trimethoxy-xanthone, isolated from a Tibetan herb, Halenia elliptica, on rat coronary artery. Life Sci. 2007 Sep 1;81(12):1016-23. Epub 2007 Aug 17. In endothelium-denuded coronary artery rings, the vasorelaxant effect of HM-1 was unaffected by potassium channel blockers such as tetraethylammonium (10 mM), iberiotoxin (100 nM), barium (100 microM) and 4-aminopyridine (1 mM). |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 11687106 | Solari A, Uitdehaag B, Giuliani G, Pucci E, Taus C: Aminopyridines for symptomatic treatment in multiple sclerosis. . Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;(4):CD001330. BACKGROUND: Because of their ability to increase nerve conduction in demyelinated nerve fibers, potassium channel blockers 4-aminopyridine (AP) and 3,4-diaminopyridine (DAP) have been proposed as a symptomatic therapy for people with multiple sclerosis (MS). |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 11217039 | Sabbah S, Scriba GK: Development and validation of a capillary electrophoresis assay for the determination of 3,4-diaminopyridine and 4-aminopyridine including related substances. J Chromatogr A. 2001 Jan 12;907(1-2):321-8. A capillary electrophoresis (CE) assay has been developed for the quantitation and determination of the impurity profile of the potassium channel blockers 3,4-diaminopyridine and 4-aminopyridine. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 11376889 | Huang H, Gao TM, Gong L, Zhuang Z, Li X: Potassium channel blocker TEA prevents CA1 hippocampal injury following transient forebrain ischemia in adult rats. Neurosci Lett. 2001 Jun 8;305(2):83-6. To understand the role of the enhanced current in the pathogenesis of neuronal damage after ischemia, we examined the effects of tetraethylammonium (TEA) and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) on the neuronal injury of CA1 region induced by 15 min forebrain ischemia using a four-vessel occlusion model. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 15746700 | Bisseling TM, Versteegen MG, van der Wal S, Copius Peereboom-Stegeman JJ, Borggreven JM, Steegers EA, van der Laak JA, Russel FG, Smits P: Impaired KATP channel function in the fetoplacental circulation of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Mar;192(3):973-9. Because channels play an important role in the regulation of vascular tone, this study explores the impact of diabetes on potassium channel function in the fetoplacental vascular bed. RESULTS: Glibenclamide (KATP channel blocker) increased perfusion pressure to a maximum fetoplacental arterial pressure of 37 +/- 6 mm Hg in controls versus 15 +/- 6 mm Hg in diabetes (P < .05). 4-Aminopyridine (KV channel blocker) equally increased fetoplacental arterial pressure in controls, and in diabetes (21 +/- 4 mm Hg vs 22 +/- 2 mm Hg). |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 16481434 | Sakurai A, Darghouth NR, Butera RJ, Katz PS: Serotonergic enhancement of a 4-AP-sensitive current mediates the synaptic depression phase of spike timing-dependent neuromodulation. J Neurosci. 2006 Feb 15;26(7):2010-21. The potentiation phase of STDN was unaffected by spike broadening produced by the potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP). |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 18206155 | Trailovic SM, Verma S, Clark CL, Robertson AP, Martin RJ: Effects of the muscarinic agonist, 5-methylfurmethiodide, on contraction and electrophysiology of Ascaris suum muscle. Int J Parasitol. 2008 Jul;38(8-9):945-57. Epub 2007 Dec 8. In a larval migration assay we demonstrated that 4-aminopyridine (4-AP: a potassium channel blocker) potentiated the effects of levamisole but MFI did not. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 15965357 | Regan CP, Cresswell HK, Zhang R, Lynch JJ: Novel method to assess cardiac electrophysiology in the rat: characterization of standard ion channel blockers. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2005 Jul;46(1):68-75. The potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine caused significant increases in atrial and ventricular refractoriness. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 10890901 | Sanna PP, Berton F, Cammalleri M, Tallent MK, Siggins GR, Bloom FE, Francesconi W: A role for Src kinase in spontaneous epileptiform activity in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Jul 18;97(15):8653-7. Spontaneous epileptiform discharges were induced in vitro in the CA3 region of rat hippocampal slices by superfusion with the potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine in Mg (2+)-free medium. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 10729327 | Hoffman AF, Lupica CR: Mechanisms of cannabinoid inhibition of (A) synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. J Neurosci. 2000 Apr 1;20(7):2470-9. The presynaptic effect of WIN 55,212-2 was also investigated using the potassium channel blockers barium and 4-aminopyridine. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 16914950 | Wang D, Darwish DS, Schreurs BG: Effects of 4-aminopyridine on classical conditioning of the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) nictitating membrane response. Behav Pharmacol. 2006 Jun;17(4):319-29. Previous in-vitro research in a number of species including Hermissenda and the rabbit suggests that a 4-aminopyridine-sensitive transient potassium channel may be involved in classical conditioning. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 14534264 | Cabanes C, Viana F, Belmonte C: Differential thermosensitivity of sensory neurons in the guinea pig trigeminal ganglion. J Neurophysiol. 2003 Oct;90(4):2219-31. However, after application of submillimolar concentrations (100 microM) of the potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), 29% previously unresponsive neurons developed cold sensitivity. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 10640333 | Smith GT, Zakon HH: Pharmacological characterization of ionic currents that regulate the pacemaker rhythm in a weakly electric fish. J Neurobiol. 2000 Feb 5;42(2):270-86. Two potassium channel blockers, 4-aminopyridine (4AP) and kappaA-conotoxin SIVA, increased pacemaker firing rates by approximately 20% and then stopped pacemaker firing. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 19915712 | Renganathan M, Sidach S, Blight AR: Effects of 4-Aminopyridine on Cloned hERG Channels Expressed in Mammalian Cells. Arch Drug Inf. 2009 Sep;2(3):51-57. INTRODUCTION: Non-clinical evaluation of a medication's potential to induce cardiac toxicity is recommended by regulatory agencies. 4-Aminopyridine (fampridine) is a potassium channel blocker with the demonstrated ability to improve walking ability in patients with multiple sclerosis. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 11159264 | Walcourt A, Scott RL, Nash HA: Blockage of one class of potassium channel alters the effectiveness of halothane in a brain circuit of Drosophila. Anesth Analg. 2001 Feb;92(2):535-41. Shaker channels were specifically inactivated either by genetic means, using strains with two different severe Shaker mutations, or by pharmacologic means, using ingestion of millimolar concentrations of 4-aminopyridine. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 12958834 | Liu XS, Xu YJ, Zhang ZX, Ni W: [Effects of potassium channel blockers on the proliferation of rat bronchial smooth muscle cells]. Yao Xue Xue Bao. 2003 May;38(5):333-6. RESULTS: The KV blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) was shown to significantly increase the expression of proliferating cell nucleus antigen in cultured rat BSMCs (P < 0.01), but the KCa blocker tetraethylammonium (TEA) and KATP blocker glibenclamide (Glib) did not show such effect (P > 0.05). 4-AP was found to significantly increase the optical density value of the cultured BSMCs (P < 0.01) by MTT method and the numbers of S + G2M BSMCs (P < 0.05) by flow-cytometry. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 16289841 | Taccola G, Nistri A: Fictive locomotor patterns generated by tetraethylammonium application to the neonatal rat spinal cord in vitro. Neuroscience. 2006;137(2):659-70. Epub 2005 Nov 14. Rhythmic alternating patterns elicited by tetraethylammonium on ventral roots were relatively stereotypic, had limited synergy with fictive locomotion induced by dorsal root stimuli, and were not accelerated by 4-aminopyridine. The present electrophysiological investigation examined whether the broad spectrum potassium channel blocker tetraethylammonium could generate locomotor-like patterns. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 14529953 | Roshan-Milani S, Ferrigan L, Khoshnood MJ, Davies CH, Cobb SR: Regulation of epileptiform activity in hippocampus by nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation. Epilepsy Res. 2003 Sep;56(1):51-65. Bath application of the potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4AP; 10-50 microM) resulted in the development of spontaneous epileptiform bursting activity in area CA3 that consisted of short duration (257+/-15 ms) field events occurring regularly at a frequency of 0.4+/-0.02 Hz. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 11249722 | Darlington C: Fampridine Acorda Therapeutics. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2000 Nov;1(3):375-9. Fampridine (EL-970; 4-aminopyridine), a potassium channel blocker, is in phase II development by Acorda for the potential treatment of spinal cord injuries and multiple sclerosis (MS) [385529]. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 12686578 | Pais I, Hormuzdi SG, Monyer H, Traub RD, Wood IC, Buhl EH, Whittington MA, LeBeau FE: Sharp wave-like activity in the hippocampus in vitro in mice lacking the gap junction protein connexin 36. J Neurophysiol. 2003 Apr;89(4):2046-54. However, bath application of the potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; 20-80 microM) produced a pattern of activity in control mice (13/16 slices), consisting of burst discharges occurring in conjunction with kainate-evoked gamma-frequency oscillations, that was similar to that seen in Cx36KO mice. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 11409423 | Yang XF, Rothman SM: Focal cooling rapidly terminates experimental neocortical seizures. Ann Neurol. 2001 Jun;49(6):721-6. After creating a cranial window in anesthetized rats, we induced seizures by injecting artificial cerebrospinal fluid containing 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), a potassium channel blocker. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 15278774 | Wohlrab D, Vocke M, Klapperstuck T, Hein W: Effects of and anion channel blockers on the cellular response of human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. J Orthop Sci. 2004;9(4):364-71. The potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and the and anion channel blocker 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyano-2,2'-disulfonic acid stilbene (SITS) were used as ion channel modulators. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 19041986 | Sun W, Smith D, Bryn S, Borgens R, Shi R: N-(4-pyridyl) methyl inhibits fast currents in guinea pig dorsal root ganglion cells. J Neurol Sci. 2009 Feb 15;277(1-2):114-8. Epub 2008 Nov 29. Previous studies demonstrated that 4-Aminopyridine, a fast potassium channel blocker, enhances impulse conduction on damaged and/or demyelinated axons, allowing for functional recovery in spinal cord injuries and MS, but with severe therapeutic limitations. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 11743993 | Ohno K, Higashima M: Effects of antiepileptic drugs on afterdischarge generation in rat hippocampal slices. Brain Res. 2002 Jan 4;924(1):39-45. ADs were progressively enhanced following repetitive high-frequency stimulations to slices treated with 4-aminopyridine, a proconvulsive A-type potassium channel blocker. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 17565871 | Tang ZG, Liang CZ, Shen B, Hao ZY, Zhou ZX: [Changes in potassium channel currents of prostate epithelial cell of old rats and significance thereof]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2007 Mar 27;87(12):842-6. |
5(0,0,0,5) | Details |
| 15755482 | del Carmen Godino M, Torres M, Sanchez-Prieto J: The modulation of Ca2+ and K+ channels but not changes in cAMP signaling contribute to the inhibition of release by cannabinoid receptors in cerebrocortical nerve terminals. Neuropharmacology. 2005 Mar;48(4):547-57. Epub 2005 Jan 25. Furthermore, WIN55,212-2 reduced 4-aminopyridine (4AP) evoked release to a larger extent by modulating the behavior of both Ca2+ and K (+)-channels. The inhibition of 4AP-evoked release was associated with a decrease in cytoplasmic free Ca2+ and in plasma membrane depolarization that was reverted by the potassium channel blocker, tetraethylammonium. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 11872913 | Horiuchi T, Dietrich HH, Hongo K, Goto T, Dacey RG Jr: Role of endothelial and smooth muscle channels in cerebral arteriolar dilation in response to acidosis. Stroke. 2002 Mar;33(3):844-9. Tetraethylammonium ion (1 mmol/L; -activated potassium channel inhibitor) and 4-aminopyridine (100 micromol/L; voltage-dependent potassium channel inhibitor) as well as ouabain (10 micromol/L; Na-K ATPase inhibitor) and N-methylsulphonyl-6-(2-proparglyloxyphenyl) hexanamide (1 micromol/L; cytochrome P450 epoxygenase inhibitor) did not alter acidotic dilation. RESULTS: The dilation was significantly inhibited by potassium chloride (30 mmol/L) and glibenclamide (3 micromol/L; ATP-sensitive potassium channel inhibitor). |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 12874393 | Strupp M, Schuler O, Krafczyk S, Jahn K, Schautzer F, Buttner U, Brandt T: Treatment of downbeat nystagmus with 3,4-diaminopyridine: a placebo-controlled study. Neurology. 2003 Jul 22;61(2):165-70. In view of animal studies reporting that micromolar concentrations of 4-aminopyridine increased the excitability of Purkinje cells, it is suggested that the efficacy of 3,4-DAP may be due to an increase of the physiologic inhibitory influence of the vestibulocerebellum on the vestibular nuclei. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of a single dose of the potassium channel blocker 3,4-diaminopyridine (3,4-DAP), which is known to increase the excitability of Purkinje cells, on DBN in a prospective, placebo-controlled, double-blind study with a crossover design. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 20112006 | Husseini L, Leussink VI, Kieseier BC, Hartung HP: [4-Aminopyridine (Fampridine). Nervenarzt. 2010 Feb;81(2):203-11. For years results of animal experiments and clinical experience have indicated that the potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine improves axonal excitatory circuits and thus muscular strength in demyelinating diseases. |
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| 10992005 | Brandsgaard R, Barrett JE, Rosenzweig-Lipson S: Pharmacological characterization of the discriminative stimulus effects of the potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000 Oct;295(1):382-91. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 18442126 | Lohle M, Schrempf W, Wolz M, Reichmann H, Storch A: Potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine is effective in interictal cerebellar symptoms in episodic ataxia type 2--a video case report. Mov Disord. 2008 Jul 15;23(9):1314-6. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 15136697 | Strupp M, Kalla R, Dichgans M, Freilinger T, Glasauer S, Brandt T: Treatment of episodic ataxia type 2 with the potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine. Neurology. 2004 May 11;62(9):1623-5. The authors report three patients with EA2 (two with proven mutations in the CACNA1A gene) whose attacks were prevented with the potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; 5 mg tid). |
37(0,1,2,2) | Details |
| 16631661 | Yildiz O, Seyrek M, Yildirim V, Demirkilic U, Nacitarhan C: Potassium channel-related relaxation by levosimendan in the human internal mammary artery. Ann Thorac Surg. 2006 May;81(5):1715-9. Levosimendan-induced relaxations were tested in the presence of cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (10 micromol/L), synthase inhibitor N122-nitro- methyl ester (100 micromol/L), large-conductance -activated potassium-channel inhibitor tetraethylammonium (1 mmol/L), -sensitive potassium-channel inhibitor glibenclamide (10 micromol/L), and voltage-sensitive potassium-channel inhibitor 4-aminopyridine (1 mmol/L). |
33(0,1,1,3) | Details |
| 10960187 | Biagi G, Calderone V, Giorgi I, Livi O, Scartoni V, Baragatti B, Martinotti E: 5-(4'-Substituted-2'-nitroanilino)-1,2,3-triazoles as new potential potassium channel activators. Eur J Med Chem. 2000 Jul-Aug;35(7-8):715-20. Such a vasorelaxing activity was significantly reduced by the increase of the level of membrane depolarisation and by the potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine with a pharmacodynamic behaviour consistent with a potassium channel activation. |
33(0,1,1,3) | Details |
| 14555824 | Oh SJ, Ahn SC: Inhibitory effects of potassium channel blockers on carbachol-induced contraction in rat detrusor muscle. J Korean Med Sci. 2003 Oct;18(5):701-6. We present accidental findings that potassium channel blockers, such as tetraethyl-ammonium (TEA) or 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), inhibit the sustained tonic contraction induced by carbachol in rat detrusor muscle strips. |
33(0,1,1,3) | Details |
| 10800933 | Morgan AC, Chang HY, Liu JS, Hua LL, Lee SC: High extracellular modulates synthase expression in human astrocytes. J Neurochem. 2000 May;74(5):1903-12. In addition, several potassium channel inhibitors such as CsCl, tetraethylammonium, and 4-aminopyridine as well as nigericin inhibited astrocyte iNOS expression induced by IL-1/IFNgamma. |
32(0,1,1,2) | Details |
| 16243464 | Rattmann YD, Cipriani TR, Sassaki GL, Iacomini M, Rieck L, Marques MC, da Silva-Santos JE: -dependent vasorelaxation induced by extractive solutions and fractions of Maytenus ilicifolia Mart ex Reissek (Celastraceae) leaves. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006 Apr 6;104(3):328-35. Epub 2005 Oct 21. Further, relaxation induced by this ethanolic supernatant have been strongly inhibited by the guanylate cyclase inhibitors methylene blue and ODQ, as well as by the potassium channel blockers 4-aminopyridine and tetraethylammonium, but was unchanged by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin and the membrane receptor antagonists atropine, HOE-140 and pirilamine. |
32(0,1,1,2) | Details |
| 10960595 | Sanz AG, Hospital S, Badia A, Clos MV: Presynaptic effect of 7-OH-DPAT on evoked [3H]- release in rat striatal synaptosomes. Brain Res. 2000 Aug 25;874(2):116-22. The objective of the present experiments was to study the presynaptic effect of 7--N,N-di-n-propyl-2-aminotetraline (7-OH-DPAT, a D (2)-like receptor agonist) on [3H]- ([3H]- release induced by (15 mM, 25 mM and 60 mM), potassium channel-blockers (4-aminopyridine, 4-AP; tetraethylammonium, TEA and quinine) and veratridine to gain insight into the mechanisms involved in the activation of the D (2) -receptor subtype located at striatal cholinergic nerve terminals. 7-OH-DPAT (1 microM) inhibited the evoked [3H]- release induced by K (+) 15 mM in a similar percentage than that obtained during basal conditions (30% and 27%, respectively). |
32(0,1,1,2) | Details |
| 19406003 | Alda JO, Valero MS, Pereboom D, Gros P, Garay RP: Endothelium-independent vasorelaxation by the selective alpha estrogen receptor agonist propyl pyrazole triol in rat aortic smooth muscle. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2009 May;61(5):641-6. KEY FINDINGS: PPT vasorelaxation was largely reduced by the selective ERalpha antagonist methyl-piperidinopyrazole (MPP; -91.6+/-2.5%), by the selective PKG inhibitor Rp-8-Br- (-78.6+/-4.9%), by the specific soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ (1H-(1,2,4)-oxadiazolo [4,3-a] quinoxalin-1-one; -85.3+/-5.2%) and to a lesser extent by the selective BKCa (large-conductance - and voltage-activated potassium channel) inhibitor iberiotoxin (-59.3%), the selective IKCa (intermediate-conductance -activated potassium channel) inhibitor TRAM-34 (1-[(2-chlorophenyl) diphenylmethyl]-1H-pyrazole; -50.7%) and the voltage-gated potassium channel inhibitor 4-aminopyridine (-40.8%). |
32(0,1,1,2) | Details |
| 15893634 | Zhu W, Pan ZZ: Mu-opioid-mediated inhibition of synaptic transmission in rat central amygdala neurons. Neuroscience. 2005;133(1):97-103. Furthermore, the mu-opioid inhibition of the EPSC was blocked by 4-aminopyridine (4AP; 100 microM), a voltage-dependent potassium channel blocker, and by phospholipase A (2) inhibitors AACOCF (3) (10 microM) and quinacrine (10 microM). |
32(0,1,1,2) | Details |
| 16432512 | Gonczi M, Szentandrassy N, Johnson IT, Heagerty AM, Weston AH: Investigation of the role of TASK-2 channels in rat pulmonary arteries; pharmacological and functional studies following RNA interference procedures. Br J Pharmacol. 2006 Mar;147(5):496-505. The application of levcromakalim (10 microM), NS1619 (33 microM) and a potassium channel inhibitor cocktail (5 mM 4-aminopyridine, 10 mM tetraethylammonium 30 microM Ba2+ and 10 microM glibenclamide) had similar effects in control and in siRNA-transfected vessels. |
32(0,1,1,2) | Details |
| 17703356 | Akar F, Manavbasi Y, Parlar AI, Ulus AT, Katircioglu SF: The gender differences in the relaxation to levosimendan of human internal mammary artery. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2007 Oct;21(5):331-8. The relaxations to levosimendan were also assessed in the presence of glibenclamide (10 microM), an -sensitive potassium channel (K (ATP)) blocker, or charybdotoxin (100 nM), a -activated potassium channel (K (Ca)) blocker, or 4-aminopyridine (1 mM), a voltage-sensitive potassium channel (K (v)) inhibitor. |
32(0,1,1,2) | Details |
| 12712959 | Abraham H, Losonczy A, Czeh G, Lazar GY: Potassium channel blockers tetraethylammonium and 4-aminopyridine fail to prevent microglial activation induced by elevated concentration. Acta Biol Hung. 2003;54(1):63-78. The effect of potassium channel blocker tetraethylammonium and 4-aminopyridine was examined on the elevated K+ concentration-induced microglial activation on rat hippocampal slice preparations. |
32(0,1,1,2) | Details |
| 15719131 | Liu SQ, Zang WJ, Li ZL, Sun Q, Yu XJ, Luo HL, Zhu SM: [Voltage-activated potassium channel blockers inhibit anisodamine-induced relaxation of rabbit aortic smooth muscles precontracted with Sheng Li Xue Bao. 2005 Feb 25;57(1):21-6. In a 8-min period, 1, 3 and 10 micromol/L of anisodamine, significantly relaxed the 0.01 micromol/L NA precontracted aortic ring by (19.1+/-3.1)%, (30.1+/-3.8)% and (38.3+/-4.2)%, respectively, compared with the controls [by (4.8+/-2.4)%, (5.1+/-1.8)% and (5.6+/-2.5)%, respectively] (P <0.01). 10 mmol/L of CsCl (a non-selective potassium channel blocker), 1 mmol/L of 4-aminopyridine [a selective voltage-activated potassium channel (K (V)) blocker], 10 mumol/L BaCl2 (a selective inwardly-rectifying potassium channel blocker), 10 micromol/L of glibenclamide (a selective ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker), 3 micromol/L of charybdotoxin (a large- and intermediate-conductance Ca (2+)-activated channels blocker) and 3 micromol/L of apamin (a selective small conductance Ca (2+)-activated potassium channel blocker) significantly increased the NA-induced contraction by (14.4+/-3.2)%, (16.3+/-5.8)%, (12.7+/-4.2)%, (13.6+/-2.0)%, (11.1+/-5.5)% and (13.4+/-4.3)%, respectively, compared with the control [by (5.6 +/-1.2)%] (P <0.01). |
85(1,1,1,5) | Details |
| 15242826 | Rezaie-Majd S, Murar J, Nelson DP, Kelly RF, Hong Z, Lang IM, Varghese A, Weir EK: Increased release of from rat ileum due to dexfenfluramine. . Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2004 Nov;287(5):R1209-13. Epub 2004 Jul 8. In an isolated loop of rat ileum perfused with a physiological salt solution, the administration of dexfenfluramine, its major metabolite D-norfenfluramine, the potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (5 mM), and (30 mM) increased levels in the venous effluent. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 10978056 | Iida Y, Katusic ZS: Mechanisms of cerebral arterial relaxations to peroxide. Stroke. 2000 Sep;31(9):2224-30. In the presence of a nonselective potassium channel inhibitor, BaCl (2) (10 (-4) mol/L), a delayed rectifier potassium channel inhibitor, 4-aminopyridine (10 (-3) mol/L), or a -activated potassium channel inhibitor, charybdotoxin (3 x 10 (-8) mol/L), the relaxations to peroxide were also significantly reduced. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 11586111 | Dumont RJ, Verma S, Okonkwo DO, Hurlbert RJ, Boulos PT, Ellegala DB, Dumont AS: Acute spinal cord injury, part II: contemporary pharmacotherapy. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2001 Sep-Oct;24(5):265-79. Myriad treatment modalities, including corticosteroids, 21-aminosteroids, opioid receptor antagonists, gangliosides, (TRH) and TRH analogs, antioxidants and free radical scavengers, calcium channel blockers, replacement therapy, sodium channel blockers, N -methyl-D- receptor antagonists, alpha-amino-3--5-methylisoxazole-4--kainate receptor antagonists, modulators of arachadonic acid metabolism, neurotrophic growth factors, antagonists, antibodies against inhibitors of axonal regeneration, potassium channel blockers (4-aminopyridine), paclitaxel, clenbuterol, gabexate mesylate, activated protein C, caspase inhibitors, tacrolimus, antibodies against adhesion molecules, and other immunomodulatory therapy have been studied to date. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 19268563 | Crestani S, Rattmann YD, Cipriani TR, de Souza LM, Iacomini M, Kassuya CA, Marques MC, da Silva-Santos JE: A potent and -dependent hypotensive effect induced in rats by semi-purified fractions from Maytenus ilicifolia. Vascul Pharmacol. 2009 Jul;51(1):57-63. Epub 2009 Mar 4. In addition, methylene blue and ODQ, as well as the potassium channel blockers tetraethylammonium,4-aminopyridine, and glibenclamide, impaired ESAE-induced hypotension. The hypotension induced by EAF was circumvented by L-NAME, methylene blue andODQ, strongly reduced by tetraethylammonium and 4-aminopyridine (but not by glibenclamide), and abolished by association of these three potassium channel blockers. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 10789695 | McAlexander MA, Undem BJ: Potassium channel blockade induces action potential generation in guinea-pig airway vagal afferent neurones. J Auton Nerv Syst. 2000 Jan 14;78(2-3):158-64. Exposure of the mechanically sensitive receptive fields to 4-aminopyridine (100 microM-1 mM) caused pronounced action potential discharge in all fibres studied. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 12753410 | Uhrenholt TR, Nedergaard OA: channels involved in release from sympathetic neurones in rabbit carotid artery. Pharmacol Toxicol. 2003 May;92(5):226-33. The potassium channel blocking agent 4-aminopyridine (10-5-10-3 M) enhanced the stimulation-evoked 3H overflow up to 5 times. 4-Aminopyridine (10 (-4) M) did not alter the inhibitory effect of omega-conotoxin GVIA (3 x 10 (-8) M). Potassium channel blockade increases Ca (2+) entry into sympathetic neurones. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 11605936 | Liu R, Ueda M, Okazaki N, Ishibe Y: Role of channels in isoflurane- and sevoflurane-induced attenuation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in isolated perfused rabbit lungs. Anesthesiology. 2001 Oct;95(4):939-46. The current study tested if the HPV-inhibitory effect of isoflurane and sevoflurane can be affected by changing the potassium-channel opening status with specific potassium-channel inhibitors in isolated rabbit lungs. METHODS: Isolated rabbit lungs were divided into eight groups (n = 6 each in isoflurane groups and n = 8 in sevoflurane groups): those receiving no inhibitor treatment = control-isoflurane and control-sevoflurane groups; those treated with an -sensitive (K (ATP))-channel inhibitor, glibenclamide = glibenclamide-isoflurane and glibenclamide-sevoflurane groups; those treated with a high-conductance -activated (K (Ca))-channel inhibitor, iberiotoxin = iberiotoxin-isoflurane and iberiotoxin-sevoflurane groups; and those treated with a voltage-sensitive (Kv)-channel inhibitor, 4-aminopyridine = 4-aminopyridine-isoflurane and 4-aminopyridine-sevoflurane groups. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 10604974 | Gillis AM, Mathison HJ, Kulisz E, Lester WM: Dispersion of ventricular repolarization and ventricular fibrillation in left ventricular hypertrophy: influence of selective potassium channel blockers. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000 Jan;292(1):381-6. The magnitude of APD prolongation induced by the I (to) blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and combination 4-AP and the I (Kr) blocker dofetilide was greater in the hypertrophied hearts than in the normal hearts (P <.01). |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 10611131 | Smith KJ, Felts PA, John GR: Effects of 4-aminopyridine on demyelinated axons, synapses and muscle tension. Brain. 2000 Jan;123 ( Pt 1):171-84. Several clinical trials have demonstrated that 4-amino- (4-AP), a potassium channel-blocking agent, improves symptoms in some patients with multiple sclerosis. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 18565276 | Li L, Ma KT, Zhao L, Si JQ, Zhang ZS, Zhu H, Li J: Niflumic acid hyperpolarizes smooth muscle cells via -activated potassium channel in spiral modiolar artery of guinea pigs. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2008 Jul;29(7):789-99. The NFA-induced response was almost completely blocked by charybdotoxin, iberiotoxin, tetraethylammonium, 1,2-bis (2- aminophenoxy) ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid tetrakis acetoxymethyl ester, but not by 4-aminopyridine, barium, glipizide, apamin, ouabain, and CdCl2. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 20083165 | Henderson Z, Lu CB, Janzso G, Matto N, McKinley CE, Yanagawa Y, Halasy K: Distribution and role of Kv3.1b in neurons in the medial septum diagonal band complex. Neuroscience. 2010 Mar 31;166(3):952-69. Epub 2010 Jan 18. The Kv3.1 potassium channel is a delayed rectifier channel that plays a major role in fast spiking neurons in the CNS, and has previously been localized in the MS/DB. The results for the MS/DB were as follows: (1) cholinergic cells did not express GFP in either GAD67-GFP or VGluT2-GFP mice, and there was GAD67 immunoreactivity in GFP-positive neurons in GAD67-GFP mice and in a small proportion (6%) of GFP-positive neurons in VGluT2-GFP mice. (2) Kv3.1b immunofluorescence was associated with the somata of GABAergic neurons, especially those that contained parvalbumin, and with a minority of glutamatergic neurons, but not with cholinergic neurons, and with GABAergic axonal terminal-like processes around certain GABAergic neurons. (3) Both Kv3.1b-positive and -negative GABAergic neurons were septo-hippocampal, and there was a minor projection to hippocampus from VGluT2-GFP neurons. (4) Kainate-induced theta oscillations in the MS/DB slice were potentiated rather than inhibited by the Kv3.1 blocker 4-aminopyridine, and this agent on its own produced theta frequency oscillations in MS/DB slices that were reduced by ionotropic and GABA receptor antagonists and abolished by low extracellular |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 11521164 | Sampson LJ, Plane F, Garland CJ: Involvement of cyclic GMP and channels in relaxation evoked by the donor, diethylamine in the rat small isolated mesenteric artery. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2001 Sep;364(3):220-5. The contribution from -dependent signalling pathways was examined by exposing arteries to 1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo [4,3-a] quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), a selective inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase, while the contribution through channels was assessed with different sub-type-selective potassium channel blockers. The selective inhibitor of BK (Ca) channels, iberiotoxin (IbTX; 30 nM), and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; 1 mM), an inhibitor of voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv), failed to modify DEA -evoked relaxation. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 11484102 | Wohlrab D, Wohlrab J, Reichel H, Hein W: Is the proliferation of human chondrocytes regulated by ionic channels? . J Orthop Sci. 2001;6(2):155-9. An association between potassium channel activity and cell proliferation has been detected in different human cell systems, whereas proof of an association between ion channel activity in human chondrocytes and their proliferation has yet to be established. In this study, we investigated the concentration-dependent influence of the ion channel modulators tetraethylammonium (TEA), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), 4',4'diisothiocyanato-stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS), 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyano-2,2'-disulfonic acid (SITS), and (vp) on the membrane potential and the proliferation of human chondrocytes, using flow cytometry. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 11117848 | Hempelmann RG, Seebeck J, Ziegler A, Mehdorn HM: Effects of potassium channel inhibitors on the relaxation induced by the donor diethylamine in isolated human cerebral arteries. J Neurosurg. 2000 Dec;93(6):1048-54. Different K+ channel inhibitors (tetraethylammonium [TEA], 10 (-3) M; charybdotoxin, 10 (-7) M; glibenclamide, 10 (-6) M; 4-aminopyridine [4-AP], 10 (-3) M; BaCl2, 5 x 10 (-5) M; and apamin, 10 (-6) M) alone failed to affect the responses to DEA/NO. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 10627587 | Southan AP, Robertson B: Electrophysiological characterization of voltage-gated K (+) currents in cerebellar basket and purkinje cells: Kv1 and Kv3 channel subfamilies are present in basket cell nerve terminals. J Neurosci. 2000 Jan 1;20(1):114-22. Dendrotoxin-sensitive potassium channel subunits are highly concentrated in cerebellar basket cell nerve terminals, and we have previously shown that they are responsible for a significant fraction of the voltage-gated current in this region. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 15319384 | Yeung CH, Barfield JP, Anapolski M, Cooper TG: Volume regulation of mature and immature spermatozoa in a primate model, and possible ion channels involved. Hum Reprod. 2004 Nov;19(11):2587-93. Epub 2004 Aug 19. RVD of ejaculated spermatozoa was inhibited by the K+ channel blockers quinine and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) but not by tetraethylammonium, Ba2+ or Gd3+, or the specific potassium channel blockers charybdotoxin, margatoxin, dendrotoxin, apamin, glybenclamide or clofilium. |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |
| 11313447 | Alcon S, Morales S, Camello PJ, Hemming JM, Jennings L, Mawe GM, Pozo MJ: A redox-based mechanism for the contractile and relaxing effects of NO in the guinea-pig gall bladder. J Physiol. 2001 May 1;532(Pt 3):793-810. These relaxations were sensitive to the guanylyl cyclase inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4] oxidiazolo [4,3-a] quinoxaline-1-one (ODQ, 2 microM) but they were not altered by treatment with the potassium channel blockers tetraethylammoniun (TEA, 5 mM) and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, 5 mM). |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |
| 10832600 | Terluk MR, da Silva-Santos JE, Assreuy J: Involvement of soluble guanylate cyclase and -activated channels in the long-lasting hyporesponsiveness to induced by in rat aorta. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2000 May;361(5):477-83. In contrast, 4-aminopyridine (1 mM) and glibenclamide (10 microM) had no effect. |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |
| 10990534 | Yue L, Wang Z, Rindt H, Nattel S: Molecular evidence for a role of Shaw (Kv3) potassium channel subunits in currents of dog atrium. J Physiol. 2000 Sep 15;527 Pt 3:467-78. Like IKur,d, dKv3.1 was found to be highly sensitive to extracellular 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and tetraethylammonium (TEA). |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 16474412 | Romano MR, Lograno MD: Cannabinoid agonists induce relaxation in the bovine ophthalmic artery: evidences for CB1 receptors, and channels. Br J Pharmacol. 2006 Apr;147(8):917-25. They also cause endothelium-independent relaxation by involving potassium channel opening. Relaxations to and WIN55212-2 were inhibited by iberiotoxin (IbTX, 200 nM), a blocker of large conductance, Ca2+-activated K+ channel (BK (Ca)), and by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; 1 mM), a blocker of delayed rectifier K+ channel, whereas the blockade of K (ATP) channels by glibenclamide (5 microM) and of small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (SK (Ca)) by apamin (100 nM) did not produce any effects. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 12775263 | Liu XS, Xu YJ, Zhang ZX, Li CQ, Yang DL: [The role of delayed rectifier channels in the regulation of bronchial smooth muscle tension in asthmatic rats]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2003 Jan;26(1):18-21. METHODS: By using a specific potassium channel blocker, the bronchial contraction induced by spasmogens was observed in normal and asthmatic rats with the isometric tension recording technique. RESULTS: (1) K (V) blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) caused concentration-dependent bronchial contraction in vitro. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 11307870 | Michelakis ED, Weir EK: Anorectic drugs and pulmonary hypertension from the bedside to the bench. Am J Med Sci. 2001 Apr;321(4):292-9. The pathogenesis of PPH in patients treated with these agents is uncertain, but recent evidence suggests that potassium channel abnormalities and vasoactive and proliferative properties of may play a role. There is increasing experimental evidence suggesting that aminorex, fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine inhibit 4-aminopyridine-sensitive currents in channels resulting in vasoconstriction in pulmonary resistance vessels and perhaps smooth muscle cell proliferation. causes pulmonary artery vasoconstriction and smooth muscle cell proliferation. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 18992811 | Engelmann J, van den Burg E, Bacelo J, de Ruijters M, Kuwana S, Sugawara Y, Grant K: Dendritic backpropagation and synaptic plasticity in the mormyrid electrosensory lobe. J Physiol Paris. 2008 Jul-Nov;102(4-6):233-45. Epub 2008 Oct 17. Potassium channel labelling was sparse, being most abundant in the deep fibre layer and the nucleus of the electrosensory lobe. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 19923250 | Sun W, Smith D, Fu Y, Cheng JX, Bryn S, Borgens R, Shi R: Novel potassium channel blocker, 4-AP-3-MeOH, inhibits fast channels and restores axonal conduction in injured guinea pig spinal cord white matter. J Neurophysiol. 2010 Jan;103(1):469-78. Epub 2009 Nov 18. We have demonstrated that 4-aminopyridine-3- (4-AP-3-MeOH), a 4-aminopyridine derivative, significantly restores axonal conduction in stretched spinal cord white-matter strips and shows no preference in restoring large and small axons. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 11602697 | Cogolludo AL, Perez-Vizcaino F, Lopez-Lopez G, Ibarra M, Zaragoza-Arnaez F, Tamargo J: Propafenone modulates potassium channel activities of vascular smooth muscle from rat portal veins. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Nov;299(2):801-10. In whole veins, propafenone behaved as the K (V) inhibitor 4-aminopyridine, increasing the amplitude and duration of spontaneous contractions. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 16214530 | Gao YJ, Zeng ZH, Teoh K, Sharma AM, Abouzahr L, Cybulsky I, Lamy A, Semelhago L, Lee RM: Perivascular adipose tissue modulates vascular function in the human internal thoracic artery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005 Oct;130(4):1130-6. The relaxation of the recipient artery induced by the transfer of incubation solution from the donor (artery with intact perivascular adipose tissue or perivascular adipose tissue alone) was absent in vessels precontracted by KCl (60 mmol/L) and was prevented by -dependent potassium channel blockers (tetraethylammonium 1 mmol/L; iberiotoxin, 100 nmol/L), but not by the voltage-dependent potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (1 mmol/L) and the -dependent potassium channel blocker glibenclamide (10 micromol/L). |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |
| 19585753 | Bhaskar A, Subbanna PK, Arasan S, Rajapathy J, Rao JP, Subramani S: 4-aminopyridine-induced contracture in frog ventricle is due to released from intracellular stores. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2008 Oct-Dec;52(4):366-74. |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |
| 15802557 | Mobasheri A, Gent TC, Womack MD, Carter SD, Clegg PD, Barrett-Jolley R: Quantitative analysis of voltage-gated currents from primary equine (Equus caballus) and elephant (Loxodonta africana) articular chondrocytes. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2005 Jul;289(1):R172-80. Epub 2005 Mar 31. Pharmacological investigation of equine chondrocyte Kv currents showed them to be powerfully inhibited by the potassium channel blockers tetraethylammonium and 4-aminopyridine but not by dendrotoxin-I. |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |
| 11429390 | Plane F, Sampson LJ, Smith JJ, Garland CJ: Relaxation to authentic and SIN-1 in rat isolated mesenteric arteries: variable role for smooth muscle hyperpolarization. Br J Pharmacol. 2001 Jul;133(5):665-72. When the endothelium was intact, ChTX inhibited hyperpolarization and relaxation to SIN-1 (n=5), while iberiotoxin (IbTX; 50 nM) or 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; 500 microM) reduced relaxation by 40% and 20%, respectively and by 80% in combination (n=6 in each case). |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |
| 17203288 | Calderone V, Martelli A, Testai L, Martinotti E, Breschi MC: Functional contribution of the endothelial component to the vasorelaxing effect of and NS 1619, activators of the large-conductance -activated channels. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2007 Mar;375(1):73-80. Epub 2007 Jan 4. Furthermore, the effects of high depolarisation of potassium channel blockers TEA (Tetraethylammonium), 4-AP ( 4-Aminopyridine) and IbTX (Iberiotoxin) and of inhibitors of NO-pathway (L-NAME and ODQ) have been evaluated. |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |
| 16554965 | Ozdem SS, Yalcin O, Meiselman HJ, Baskurt OK, Usta C: The role of channels in relaxant effect of levosimendan in rat small mesenteric arteries. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2006 Apr;20(2):123-7. Incubation of rat small mesenteric arterial segments with ATP-dependent potassium channel (KATP) blocker glibenclamide (GLI, 10 (-6) M) for 30 min significantly inhibited the relaxant responses to both levosimendan and CRO. Neither the Ca (2+)-activated potassium channel (KCa) blocker iberiotoxin (10 (-7) M) nor the voltage-dependent potassium channel (KV) blocker 4-aminopyridine (5 mM) incubation for 30 min caused significant alterations in relaxant responses to levosimendan in KCl-precontracted small mesenteric arteries. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 12050569 | Venkateswarlu K, Giraldi A, Zhao W, Wang HZ, Melman A, Spektor M, Christ GJ: channels and human corporeal smooth muscle cell tone: diabetes and relaxation of human corpus cavernosum smooth muscle by sensitive potassium channel openers. J Urol. 2002 Jul;168(1):355-61. Furthermore, relaxation responses elicited by pinacidil and levcromakalim were not affected by charybdotoxin or 4-aminopyridine but were completely reversed by KCl or tetraethylammonium |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 15631089 | Dong K, Tao QM, Xia Q, Shan QX, Pan GB: [Endothelium-independent vasorelaxant effect of puerarin on rat thoracic aorta]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2004 Oct;29(10):981-4. The relaxant effect of puerarin was significantly inhibited by pretreatment of endothelium-denuded aorta with potassium channel antagonists tetraethylammonium, 4-aminopyridine but not glibenclamide. |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |
| 12694876 | Hammadi A, Ramiandrasoa F, Sinou V, Rogier C, Fusai T, Le Bras J, Parzy D, Kunesch G, Pradines B: Cellular uptake of a iron chelator and chloroquine into Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes. Biochem Pharmacol. 2003 Apr 15;65(8):1351-60. Combinations of FR160 with amiloride, diazoxide, 4-aminopyridine, and picrotoxin should be avoided (antagonistic effects). |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |
| 17271112 | Dong K, Tao QM, Shan QX, Jin HF, Pan GB, Chen JZ, Zhu JH, Xia Q: Endothelium-independent vasorelaxant effect of puerarin on rat thoracic aorta. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2004;5:3757-60. The relaxant effect of puerarin was significantly inhibited by pretreatment of endothelium-denuded aorta with potassium channel antagonists tetraethylammonium and 4-aminopyridine, but not glibenclamide. |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |
| 12456838 | Haddock RE, Hill CE: Differential activation of ion channels by (IP3)- and ryanodine-sensitive stores in rat basilar artery vasomotion. J Physiol. 2002 Dec 1;545(Pt 2):615-27. Ryanodine, charybdotoxin and TRAM-34, but not iberiotoxin, 4-aminopyridine or apamin, each depolarized SMCs and increased the frequency of rhythmical depolarizations and [Ca (2+)](i) oscillations. |
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| 18612804 | Xue W, Zhang M, Li J, Wu D, Niu L, Liang Y: Effects of on aortic rings isolated from -fed insulin resistance Sprague-Dawley rat are changed. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2008 Dec;22(6):461-8. Epub 2008 Jul 10. Iberiotoxin (100 nM) only augmented the contraction enhancement in IR rings. 4-Aminopyridine (1 mM), glibenclamide (10 microM) and indomethacin (10 muM) had no influence on the effect of in both NC and IR rings. |
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| 19903983 | Wang Y, Zhang M, Liu Y, Li J, Song E, Niu L, Cheng N: Neither K+ channels nor PI3K/Akt mediates the vasodilative effect of nebivolol on different types of rat arteries. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther. 2009 Dec;14(4):332-8. During contraction by KCl (60 mmol/L) or (PE; 10 (-6) mol/L; femoral artery and renal artery were precontracted by 10 (-5) mol/L), the effect of nebivolol (10 (-7)-10 (- 5) mol/L) was obtained in the presence of different potassium channel, PI3K/Akt, or NOS inhibitors. |
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| 16536905 | Dimpfel W: Different anticonvulsive effects of and its aglycone on electrical activity in the rat hippocampus in-vitro. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2006 Mar;58(3):375-9. Modulation of the pyramidal cell response in the presence of tetraethylammonium (TEA) and pentylentetrazol on one hand and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and bicuculline on the other was influenced in a different way. Since the action of was sensitive to the presence of iberiotoxin, the involvement of a large conductance -dependent potassium channel might be assumed. |
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| 18206237 | Li G, Sang N: Delayed rectifier channels are involved in SO2 derivative-induced hippocampal neuronal injury. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2009 Jan;72(1):236-41. Epub 2008 Feb 21. Interestingly, the neuronal death and DNA ladder formation, caused by SO (2) derivatives, could be attenuated by the delayed rectifier potassium channel blocker (tetraethylammonium, TEA), but not by the transient outward potassium channel blocker (4-aminopyridine, 4-AP). |
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| 19445161 | Li Z, Zhang M, Liang Y: [Endothelium-independent vasorelaxant effect of on rat aorta rings]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2009 Feb;34(3):332-5. The relaxant effect of was significantly inhibited by pretreatment of endothelium-denuded aorta with potassium channel antagonists glibenclamide and tetraethylamine but not by BaCl2 or 4-aminopyridine. |
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| 16424798 | Lam FF, Yeung JH, Cheung JH, Or PM: Pharmacological evidence for calcium channel inhibition by danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) on rat isolated femoral artery. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2006 Jan;47(1):139-45. A 3.3-fold shift was produced on the concentration-response curve of danshen when the artery rings were pretreated with a mixture of 10 mM TEA, 1 mM 4-aminopyridine (K (V) blocker), 1 microM glibenclamide (K (ATP) blocker), 100 nM iberiotoxin (BK (Ca) blocker), and 100 microM barium (K (IR) blocker). |
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| 18780812 | Korenke AR, Rivey MP, Allington DR: Sustained-release fampridine for symptomatic treatment of multiple sclerosis. Ann Pharmacother. 2008 Oct;42(10):1458-65. Epub 2008 Sep 9. DATA SOURCES: An English-language human data search was done using PubMed/MEDLINE (1966-August 2008) to retrieve relevant material using the search terms fampridine-SR, 4-aminopyridine, and multiple sclerosis. DATA SYNTHESIS: Fampridine-SR is a sustained-release, orally administered potassium-channel blocker acting in the central nervous system to enhance conduction in demyelinated axons. |
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| 12620956 | Liu R, Ishibe Y, Okazaki N, Ueda M, Hirosawa J: Volatile anesthetics regulate pulmonary vascular tension through different potassium channel subtypes in isolated rabbit lungs. Can J Anaesth. 2003 Mar;50(3):301-4. METHODS: To investigate whether or not channels play a role in the effect of volatile anesthetic on pulmonary vessels, isolated and perfused rabbit lungs were divided into four groups (n = 7 each): a control group without treatment, a glibenclamide (Glib) group treated with -sensitive K (+) (K (ATP)) channel inhibitor, a 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) group treated with voltage-sensitive K (+) (K (V)) channel inhibitor, and an iberiotoxin (IbTX) group treated with high conductance -activated K (+) (K (Ca)) channel inhibitor. |
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| 16888071 | Dombkowski RA, Doellman MM, Head SK, Olson KR: mediates hypoxia-induced relaxation of trout urinary bladder smooth muscle. J Exp Biol. 2006 Aug;209(Pt 16):3234-40. However, H2S relaxation of bladders was not affected by the potassium channel inhibitors, apamin, charybdotoxin, 4-aminopyridine, and glybenclamide, or by chloride channel/exchange inhibitors 4,4'-Diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid disodium salt, tamoxifen and glybenclamide, or by the presence or absence of extracellular HCO3-. |
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| 12020933 | Testai L, Chericoni S, Calderone V, Nencioni G, Nieri P, Morelli I, Martinotti E: Cardiovascular effects of Urtica dioica L. (Urticaceae) roots extracts: in vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies. J Ethnopharmacol. 2002 Jun;81(1):105-9. Furthermore, potassium channel blockers (TEA, 4-aminopyridine, quinine, but not glybenclamide) antagonized the vasodilator action of the purified fraction F1W of U. dioica. |
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| 17525113 | Abi-Char J, Maguy A, Coulombe A, Balse E, Ratajczak P, Samuel JL, Nattel S, Hatem SN: Membrane modulates Kv1.5 potassium channel distribution and function in rat cardiomyocytes. J Physiol. 2007 Aug 1;582(Pt 3):1205-17. Epub 2007 May 24. MCD-increased current was inhibited by low 4-aminopyridine concentration. |
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| 15610163 | Brooke RE, Moores TS, Morris NP, Parson SH, Deuchars J: Kv3 voltage-gated potassium channels regulate neurotransmitter release from mouse motor nerve terminals. Eur J Neurosci. 2004 Dec;20(12):3313-21. Significantly, this effect of TEA was still observed in the presence of the large-conductance -activated potassium channel blockers iberiotoxin (25-150 nM) and Penitrem A (100 nM), suggesting a selective action on Kv3 subunits. Consistent with this, 15-microM 4-aminopyridine, which blocks Kv3 but not large-conductance -activated channels, enhanced evoked EPP amplitude. |
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| 15843617 | Weisz CJ, Raike RS, Soria-Jasso LE, Hess EJ: Potassium channel blockers inhibit the triggers of attacks in the calcium channel mouse mutant tottering. J Neurosci. 2005 Apr 20;25(16):4141-5. These mutations predict reduced currents, particularly in cerebellar Purkinje cells, where these channels are most abundant. 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP), a nonselective blocker of K (v) voltage-gated potassium channels, alleviates attacks of ataxia in EA2 patients. |
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| 15589969 | Lo YC, Tsou HH, Lin RJ, Wu DC, Wu BN, Lin YT, Chen IJ: Endothelium-dependent and -independent vasorelaxation by a derivative MCPT: roles of cyclic nucleotides, potassium channel opening and phosphodiesterase inhibition. Life Sci. 2005 Jan 7;76(8):931-44. This relaxation was also reduced by the presence of synthase inhibitor Nomega-nitro- methylester (L-NAME, 100 microM), soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) inhibitors methylene blue (10 microM), 1 H-[1,2,4] oxidazolol [4,3-a] quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, 1 microM), adenylyl cyclase (AC) blocker SQ 22536 (100 microM), ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker (KATP) glibenclamide (1 microM), a Ca2+ activated K+ channels blocker tetraethylammonium (TEA, 10 mM) and a voltage-dependent channels blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, 100 microM). |
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| 17380036 | Seyrek M, Yildiz O, Ulusoy HB, Yildirim V: relaxes isolated human radial artery by potassium channel opening action. J Pharmacol Sci. 2007 Mar;103(3):309-16. -induced relaxations were tested in the presence of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (10 microM), synthase inhibitor N (omega)-nitro- methyl ester (L-NAME, 100 microM), non-selective large conductance Ca (2+)-activated and voltage-sensitive K (+) channel inhibitor tetraethylammonium (TEA, 1 mM), ATP-sensitive K (+) channel inhibitor glibenclamide (GLI, 10 microM), and voltage-sensitive K (+) channel inhibitor 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, 1 mM). |
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| 17997400 | Niu LG, Zhang MS, Liu Y, Xue WX, Liu DB, Zhang J, Liang YQ: Vasorelaxant effect of is diminished by tetraethylammonium in rat isolated arteries. Eur J Pharmacol. 2008 Feb 2;580(1-2):169-74. Epub 2007 Oct 25. The relaxation was not affected by 0.1 mM NG-nitro- methylester ester (a synthetase inhibitor), 10 microM indomethacin (a cyclooxygenase inhibitor), 1 mM 4-aminopyridine (a K (V) blocker), 10 muM glibenclamide (a K (ATP) blocker), 1 mM barium (BaCl (2), a K (IR) blocker), and 100 nM iberiotoxin (a BK (Ca) blocker), but was nearly abolished by 10 mM tetraethylammonium (TEA, a non-selective potassium channel blocker). Present experiments show that relaxes contracted rat aorta and inhibits the -induced contraction of renal and mesenteric arteries, and suggest that a mechanism related to potassium channel opening may be involved in the action of |
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| 11566512 | Deuchars SA, Brooke RE, Frater B, Deuchars J: Properties of interneurones in the intermediolateral cell column of the rat spinal cord: role of the potassium channel subunit Kv3.1. Neuroscience. 2001;106(2):433-46. Low concentrations of tetraethylammonium (TEA) (0.5 mM) or 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) (30 microM) affected interneurones but not sympathetic preganglionic neurones by prolonging the action potential repolarisation as well as decreasing both the afterhypolarisation amplitude and firing frequency. |
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| 14638386 | Schweizer T, Birthelmer A, Lazaris A, Cassel JC, Jackisch R: 3,4-DAP-evoked transmitter release in hippocampal slices of aged rats with impaired memory. Brain Res Bull. 2003 Dec 15;62(2):129-36. Young adults (3-5 months) were used as controls. 3,4-diaminopyridine (3,4-DAP), a potassium channel antagonist which increases neuronal excitability, was used to evoke the overflow of the three neurotransmitters. |
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| 18313857 | Correia MJ, Weng T, Prusak D, Wood TG: Kvbeta1.1 associates with Kvalpha1.4 in Chinese hamster ovary cells and pigeon type II vestibular hair cells and enhances the amplitude, inactivation and negatively shifts the steady-state inactivation range. Neuroscience. 2008 Mar 27;152(3):809-20. Epub 2008 Jan 25. In the native hair cells, the A-type current was identified by its pharmacological (4-aminopyridine (4-AP); IC (50)=11 microM) and voltage dependent inactivation properties. To examine other possibilities, we cloned alpha and beta subunits that comprise the A-type potassium channel complex in adult and embryonic pigeon brain, cochlea and labyrinth. |
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| 10800632 | Barcenilla A, Alamo C, Carvajal A, Garcia-Pozo J, Velasco A: Effect of nicorandil upon different guinea-pig and rat isolated organ preparations in vitro. Arzneimittelforschung. 2000 Apr;50(4):341-4. A study of the effect of nicorandil (N-2-(hydroxyethyl) CAS 65141-46-0), a potassium channel and guanylatecyclase activator, upon preparations of rat was deferens and uterus, and guinea pig ileum was performed. The drug exerts a non-competitive antagonist effect upon rat isolated uterus response to and, at high concentrations, inhibits guinea-pig isolated ileum responses to 4-aminopyridine and |
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| 11007070 | Mukerji MS, Leathard HL, Huddart H: The effects of potassium channel blockers on -induced suppression of rat portal vein contractility. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2000 Aug;52(8):983-90. Incubation with barium (20 and 100 microM), 4-aminopyridine (1 mM), tetraethylammonium (1 mM), glibenclamide (1 microM) or apamin (1 microM) did not, however, have the same antagonistic effect. |
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| 12142548 | Mao BQ, MacLeish PR, Victor JD: Relation between potassium-channel kinetics and the intrinsic dynamics in isolated retinal bipolar cells. J Comput Neurosci. 2002 May-Jun;12(3):147-63. |
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| 14526233 | Lindauer U, Vogt J, Schuh-Hofer S, Dreier JP, Dirnagl U: Cerebrovascular vasodilation to extraluminal acidosis occurs via combined activation of ATP-sensitive and Ca2+-activated channels. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2003 Oct;23(10):1227-38. Activity of one of these potassium channel families is sufficient for vasodilation to acidosis, and only combined inhibition completely abolishes vasodilation. In separate experiments, ATP-sensitive channels (KATP) were blocked by extraluminal application of glibenclamide (Glib), Ca2+-activated channels (KCa) by tetraethylammonium (TEA), voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv) by 4-aminopyridine, and inward rectifier channels (KIR) by BaCl2. |
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| 18045622 | Wang Y, Shi JG, Wang MZ, Che CT, Yeung JH: Mechanisms of the vasorelaxant effect of 1, 5-dihydroxy-2, 3-dimethoxy-xanthone, an active metabolite of 1--2, 3, 5-trimethoxy-xanthone isolated from a Tibetan herb, Halenia elliptica, on rat coronary artery. Life Sci. 2008 Jan 2;82(1-2):91-8. Epub 2007 Nov 1. The vasorelaxant effect of HM-5 was mediated through opening of potassium channel (4-AP) and altering intracellular by partial inhibition of Ca2+ influx through L-type voltage-operated Ca2+ channels and intracellular Ca2+ stores. In endothelium-denuded coronary artery rings, the vasorelaxant effect of HM-5 was inhibited by a potassium channel blocker, TEA (10 mM), and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, a K (v) blocker; 1 mM) but not by other K+ channel blockers such as iberiotoxin (100 nM), barium (100 microM) and glibenclamide (10 microM). |
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| 14976323 | Erdos B, Simandle SA, Snipes JA, Miller AW, Busija DW: Potassium channel dysfunction in cerebral arteries of insulin-resistant rats is mediated by reactive species. Stroke. 2004 Apr;35(4):964-9. Epub 2004 Feb 19. Blockade of the K (ir) and K (v) channels with Ba2+ and 4-aminopyridine, respectively, constricted the MCAs in both experimental groups with no significant difference. |
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| 19272127 | Shih HC, Hsu CS, Yang LL: In vitro study of the tocolytic effect of oroxylin A from Scutellaria baicalensis root. J Biomed Sci. 2009 Mar 4;16:27. Contractions of the uterus were induced with (Ach) (1 microM), PGF2alpha (0.1 microM), (10-3 U/ml), KCl (56.3 mM), tetraethylammonium (TEA; 1 and 10 mM), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; 5 mM), glipizide (30 microM), a synthase (NOS) inhibitor (LNNA; 10-3M), a beta-receptor blocker 10 microM), and a cyclooxygenase inhibitor (indomethacin; 60 microM). Otherwise, oroxylin A-mediated relaxation of the rat uterus might occur through opening of uterine -dependent channels or potassium channel activation. |
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| 19680683 | Schilling T, Eder C: Lysophosphatidylcholine- and MCP-1-induced chemotaxis of monocytes requires potassium channel activity. Pflugers Arch. 2009 Nov;459(1):71-7. Epub 2009 Aug 14. Inhibition of voltage-gated K+ channels with 4-aminopyridine or margatoxin partially inhibited MCP-1- and LPC-stimulated migration of monocytes. |
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| 11588124 | Matsumoto S, Nishikawa T, Yoshida S, Ikeda M, Tanimoto T, Saiki C, Takeda M: Effects of potassium channel and Na+-Ca2+ exchange blockers on the responses of slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors to hyperinflation in flecainide-treated rats. Br J Pharmacol. 2001 Oct;134(3):682-90. The effects of K (+) channel blockers, such as 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and tetraethylammonium (TEA), and a reverse-mode Na (+)-Ca (2+) exchange blocker, 2-[2-[4-(4-nitrobenzyloxyl) phenyl] ethyl] isothiourea methanesulphonate (KB-R7943), on the responses of slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptor activity to hyperinflation (inflation volume=3 tidal volumes) were investigated in anaesthetized, artificially ventilated, unilaterally vagotomized rats after pretreatment with a Na (+) channel blocker flecainide. |
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| 18930118 | Su T, Cong WD, Long YS, Luo AH, Sun WW, Deng WY, Liao WP: Altered expression of voltage-gated potassium channel 4.2 and voltage-gated potassium channel 4-interacting protein, and changes in intracellular levels following lithium-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. Neuroscience. 2008 Dec 2;157(3):566-76. Epub 2008 Sep 27. In this study, we investigated whether the expression of the Kv4.2 channel and of its major modulator, voltage-dependent potassium channel-interacting protein (KChIP1), is altered following lithium-pilocarpine induced status epilepticus (SE) and the chronic-epilepsy phase in the rat model. We compared the difference in 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)-induced intracellular ([Ca (2+)] i) elevation between model and control brain slices. |
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| 12168055 | Abdul M, Hoosein N: Voltage-gated potassium ion channels in colon cancer. . Oncol Rep. 2002 Sep-Oct;9(5):961-4. Potassium channel (PC) openers, minoxidil and diazoxide (5-50 microg/ml), increased growth of SW1116, LoVo, Colo320DM and LS174t human colon cancer cell lines by 20-40%. PC-blockers such as glibenclamide inhibited cellular proliferation at concentrations above 50 microg/ml while tetraethylammonium and 4-aminopyridine (up to 100 microg/ml) did not have significant growth-suppressive effects. |
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| 14504065 | Williams BA, Buckler KJ: Biophysical properties and metabolic regulation of a TASK-like potassium channel in rat carotid body type 1 cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2004 Jan;286(1):L221-30. Epub 2003 Sep 22. |
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| 12223577 | Bailey TW, Jin YH, Doyle MW, Andresen MC: Vanilloid-sensitive afferents activate neurons with prominent A-type currents in nucleus tractus solitarius. J Neurosci. 2002 Sep 15;22(18):8230-7. Our results suggest that the potassium-channel differences of second-order NTS neurons contribute to the differential processing of A- and C-type cranial visceral afferents beginning as early as this first central neuron. Steady-state currents were similar in both groups. 4-Aminopyridine or depolarized conditioning blocked the TOC, but tetraethylammonium had no effect. |
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| 18365869 | Rampino T, Gregorini M, Guidetti C, Broggini M, Marchini S, Bonomi R, Maggio M, Roscini E, Soccio G, Tiboldo R, Dal Canton A: KCNA1 and TRPC6 ion channels and NHE1 exchanger operate the biological outcome of HGF/scatter factor in renal tubular cells. Growth Factors. 2007 Dec;25(6):382-91. In previous study, we found that HGF upregulated in epithelial tubular cell line (HK2) 3 genes: potassium channel KCNA1, calcium channel (transient receptor potential channel, subfamily C, member 6, TRPC6) and Na (+)/H (+) exchanger-1 (NHE1). To investigate whether KCNA1, TRPC6, NHE1 mediate the changes induced by HGF in HK2, we studied the effects of their inhibitors: 4-aminopyridine, charybdotoxin, dendrotoxin K inhibitors of KCNA1, lanthanum, N-(p-amylcinnamoyl) inhibitors of TRPC6, 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl) amiloride, cariporide inhibitors of NHE1. |
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| 11531164 | Nevala R, Paukku K, Korpela R, Vapaatalo H: -sensitive potassium channel inhibitors antagonize - and daidzein-induced arterial relaxation in vitro. Life Sci. 2001 Aug 10;69(12):1407-17. The antagonists of voltage-dependent K+-channels (K (V)) (4-aminopyridine), ATP-sensitive K+-channels (K (ATP)) (glibenclamide), or inward rectifier K+-channels (KIR) (barium) had no effect on the relaxation responses of any of the compounds studied. |
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| 15644941 | Salapatek AM, Ji J, Muinuddin A, Diamant NE: Potassium channel diversity within the muscular components of the feline lower esophageal sphincter. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2004 Nov;82(11):1006-17. There was a large reduction in outward current with 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) in sling muscle, while BKCa blockers had a limited effect on the voltage-activated outward current in sling muscle. |
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| 10743627 | Wohlrab D, Hein W: [Effect of ion channel modulators on the membrane potential of human chondrocytes]. Orthopade. 2000 Feb;29(2):80-4. A connection between the potassium channel activity and the proliferation has been detected in different human cell systems. |
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| 11744755 | Daniel H, Crepel F: Control of Ca (2+) influx by cannabinoid and metabotropic glutamate receptors in rat cerebellar cortex requires K (+) channels. J Physiol. 2001 Dec 15;537(Pt 3):793-800. Bath application of the potassium channel blocker 4-AP (1 mM) totally prevented both the WIN55,212-2- and the L-AP4-induced inhibition of peak fluorescence transients evoked by parallel fibre stimulation. 5. |
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| 12840158 | van Lunteren E, Moyer M: Sternohyoid muscle fatigue properties of dy/dy dystrophic mice, an animal model of merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy. Pediatr Res. 2003 Oct;54(4):547-53. Epub 2003 Jul 2. The potassium-channel blocker, 3,4-diaminopyridine, increased force of dy/dy sternohyoid muscle during twitch and 25-Hz contractions by 148 +/- 20% (p < 0.00001) and 109 +/- 18% (p < 0.00002), respectively. |
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| 11341793 | Gosche JR: dilation in fetal pulmonary arterioles: role of K (+) channels. J Surg Res. 2001 May 15;97(2):159-63. We have examined the effect of potassium channel blockers on -induced vasodilation in isolated pulmonary arterioles from fetal rats at term. Responses were recorded in the absence of blockers (controls) or in the presence of a voltage-gated K (+) channel (K (v)) blocker, 4-aminopyridine; an ATP-sensitive K (+) channel (K (ATP)) blocker, glibenclamide; a Ca (2+)-activated K (+) channel (K (Ca)) blocker, charybdotoxin; or a nonspecific K (+) channel blocker, tetraethylammonium. |
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| 15157623 | Glover CN, Bury NR, Hogstrand C: Intestinal zinc uptake in freshwater rainbow trout: evidence for apical pathways associated with efflux and modified by Biochim Biophys Acta. 2004 May 27;1663(1-2):214-21. The potassium channel blocker, tetraethylammonium inhibited zinc uptake at this relatively high zinc concentration, suggesting the presence of a low affinity zinc uptake pathway linked to efflux. |
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| 11691539 | Tahara S, Fukuda K, Kodama H, Kato T, Miyoshi S, Ogawa S: Potassium channel blocker activates extracellular signal-regulated kinases through Pyk2 and epidermal growth factor receptor in rat cardiomyocytes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001 Nov 1;38(5):1554-63. METHODS: Primary cultured rat cardiomyocytes were stimulated with four different KBs-4-aminopyridine (4-AP), E-4031, tetra-ethylammonium and quinidine-and phosphorylation of ERK, proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was detected. |
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| 14614103 | Ishikawa T, Nakamura Y, Saitoh N, Li WB, Iwasaki S, Takahashi T: Distinct roles of Kv1 and Kv3 channels at the calyx of Held presynaptic terminal. J Neurosci. 2003 Nov 12;23(32):10445-53. Despite identification of > 100 potassium channel subunits, relatively little is known about their roles in synaptic transmission. IPK was composed of a 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)-sensitive component and a smaller 4-AP-insensitive component composed of an iberiotoxin-sensitive current and an unidentified slowly activating current. |
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| 14622907 | Namba H, Takei N, Nawa H: Transforming growth factor-alpha changes firing properties of developing neocortical GABAergic neurons by down-regulation of voltage-gated currents. Neuroscience. 2003;122(3):637-46. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of potassium channel mRNA in the bipolar neurons revealed that the reduction in the IK current density was caused by Kv2.2 mRNA down-regulation. |
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| 19362348 | Yildiz O, Seyrek M, Irkilata HC, Yildirim I, Tahmaz L, Dayanc M: might cause relaxation of human corpus cavernosum by potassium channel opening action. Urology. 2009 Jul;74(1):229-32. Epub 2009 Apr 10. -induced responses were tested in the presence of nonselective, large, conductance Ca (2+)-activated and voltage-sensitive K (+) channel inhibitor tetraethylammonium (1 mM), -sensitive K (+) channel inhibitor glibenclamide (10 microM), voltage-dependent inward rectifier K (+) channel inhibitor barium (30 microM) and voltage-sensitive K (+) channel inhibitor 4-aminopyridine (1 mM). |
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| 11811894 | Matsumoto S, Yoshida S, Ikeda M, Nishikawa T, Saiki C, Takeda M: Effects of potassium channel blockers on hyperinflation-induced rapidly adapting pulmonary stretch receptor stimulation in the rabbit. Life Sci. 2001 Dec 21;70(5):491-501. |
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| 18495797 | Troncoso Brindeiro CM, Fallet RW, Lane PH, Carmines PK: Potassium channel contributions to afferent arteriolar tone in normal and diabetic rat kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2008 Jul;295(1):F171-8. Epub 2008 May 21. The in vitro blood-perfused juxtamedullary nephron technique was utilized to quantify afferent arteriolar lumen diameter responses to K+ channel blockers: 0.1-3.0 mM 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; KV channels), 10-100 microM barium (KIR channels), 1-100 nM tertiapin-Q (TPQ; Kir1.1 and Kir3.x subfamilies of KIR channels), 100 nM apamin (SKCa channels), and 1 mM tetraethylammonium (TEA; BKCa channels). |
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| 11483700 | Cheong A, Dedman AM, Beech DJ: Expression and function of native potassium channel [K (V) alpha1] subunits in terminal arterioles of rabbit. J Physiol. 2001 Aug 1;534(Pt 3):691-700. Current activated on depolarisation positive of about -45 mV and a large fraction of this current was blocked by 3,4-diaminopyridine (3,4-DAP) or 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), inhibitors of K (V) channels. |
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| 10583910 | Hendriks R, Morest DK, Kaczmarek LK: Shaw-like currents in the auditory rhombencephalon throughout embryogenesis. J Neurosci Res. 1999 Dec 15;58(6):791-804. The Shaw subfamily of potassium channel genes, including Kv3.1, are highly expressed within the auditory nuclei of the brainstem, where they have been implicated in the characteristic response properties of particular types of neurons. currents carried by Kv3.1 are voltage-dependent, have a high activation threshold, are slow to inactivate, and are very sensitive to 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and tetraethylammonium (TEA). |
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| 14994186 | Wong KL, Yang HY, Chan P, Cheng TH, Liu JC, Hsu FL, Liu IM, Cheng YW, Cheng JT: Isosteviol as a potassium channel opener to lower intracellular concentrations in cultured aortic smooth muscle cells. Planta Med. 2004 Feb;70(2):108-12. The attenuation by isosteviol of the - and -induced increase in [Ca (2+)] i was inhibited by glibenclamide, apamin and 4-aminopyridine but not by charybdotoxin. |
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| 19527707 | Pagan RM, Martinez AC, Martinez MP, Hernandez M, Garcia-Sacristan A, Correa C, Prieto D, Benedito S: Endothelial and potassium channel dependent modulation of noradrenergic vasoconstriction in the pig radial artery. Eur J Pharmacol. 2009 Aug 15;616(1-3):166-74. Epub 2009 Jun 13. Pre-incubation with tetraethylammonium and 4-aminopyridine, but not glibenclamide, enhanced these neurogenic responses. |
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| 16472864 | Judge SI, Bever CT Jr: Potassium channel blockers in multiple sclerosis: neuronal Kv channels and effects of symptomatic treatment. Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Jul;111(1):224-59. Epub 2006 Feb 9. To date, only 2 broad-spectrum K (+) channel blockers, 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and 3,4-diaminopyridine (3,4-DAP), have been tested in MS patients. |
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| 10716759 | Yang Q, Kaji R, Hirota N, Kojima Y, Takagi T, Kohara N, Kimura J, Shibasaki H, Bostock H: Effect of maturation on nerve excitability in an experimental model of threshold electrotonus. Muscle Nerve. 2000 Apr;23(4):498-506. These findings indicate that mature rats (> 400 g) may provide a useful experimental model for interpreting abnormal TE responses in humans, and provide evidence for nonlinear maturation of potassium channel function in myelinated axons. In contrast, TEd (10-20) gradually decreased up to 330 g, and then jumped to a higher level, which was maintained for animals of > 400 g. 4-Aminopyridine, a blocker of fast channels, selectively increased TEd (10-20) only in the immature or young (<330 g) rats. |
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| 15879679 | Matsuda T, Takeda K, Ito M, Yamagishi R, Tamura M, Nakamura H, Tsuruoka N, Saito T, Masumiya H, Suzuki T, Iida-Tanaka N, Itokawa-Matsuda M, Yamashita T, Tsuruzoe N, Tanaka H, Shigenobu K: Atria selective prolongation by NIP-142, an antiarrhythmic agent, of refractory period and action potential duration in guinea pig myocardium. J Pharmacol Sci. 2005 May;98(1):33-40. Epub 2005 May 7. In the present study, we examined the effects of NIP-142 on isolated guinea pig myocardium and on the G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel current -activated current; I (KACh)) expressed in Xenopus oocytes. E-4031 and 4-aminopyridine prolonged action potential duration in both left atrium and right ventricle. |
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| 12388256 | Hampl V, Bibova J, Stranak Z, Wu X, Michelakis ED, Hashimoto K, Archer SL: Hypoxic fetoplacental vasoconstriction in humans is mediated by potassium channel inhibition. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2002 Dec;283(6):H2440-9. Epub 2002 Aug 22. HFPV and 4-aminopyridine, an inhibitor of voltage-dependent K (+) (K (v)) channels, increased pressure in a nonadditive manner, suggesting they act via a common mechanism. |
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| 17659475 | Mathie A, Veale EL: Therapeutic potential of neuronal two-pore domain potassium-channel modulators. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2007 Jul;8(7):555-62. Although not inhibited by classical potassium channel-blocking drugs, such as tetraethylammonium and 4-aminopyridine, K2P channels are regulated by a diverse array of pharmacological mediators. |
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| 12072589 | Bardou M, Goirand F, Bernard A, Guerard P, Gatinet M, Devillier P, Dumas JP, Morcillo EJ, Rochette L, Dumas M: Relaxant effects of selective phosphodiesterase inhibitors on U46619 precontracted human intralobar pulmonary arteries and role of channels. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2002 Jul;40(1):153-61. All PDEI tested induced a concentration-dependent relaxation with being significantly (p < 0.05) more efficient and rolipram more potent than PDE5I and PDE3I (Emax values, expressed as a percentage of maximal relaxation by papaverine 10 (-4) M, were 92% +/- 2%, 84% +/- 8%, 90% +/- 4% and 99% +/- 1%, and pD2 values were 7.30 +/- 0.35, 6.14 +/- 0.25, 5.86 +/- 0.17, and 4.85 +/- 0.47 for rolipram, siguazodan, zaprinast and respectively). 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP, Kv, voltage dependent channel blocker, 1 mM) induced a significant increase (+17% p < 0.05) of U46619-induced vasoconstriction whereas the other K+-channels blockers, glibenclamide (KATP channels, 1 microM) charybdotoxin (predominant BKCa, large conductance Ca2+-sensitive K+ channels, 0.1 microM) and apamine (SKCa, small conductance, 0.3 microM) were without effect. None of the potassium channel blockers displaced the CRC for zaprinast and |
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| 16769957 | Lorenz D, Hagen K, Ufer M, Cascorbi I, Deuschl G, Volkmann J: No benefit of 3,4-diaminopyridine in essential tremor: a placebo-controlled crossover study. Neurology. 2006 Jun 13;66(11):1753-5. 3,4-Diaminopyridine (3,4-DAP) is a potassium channel blocker that has recently demonstrated an antioscillatory effect in humans by significantly reducing downbeat nystagmus. |
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| 10634895 | Vyshedskiy A, Lin JW: Presynaptic Ca (2+) influx at the inhibitor of the crayfish neuromuscular junction: a photometric study at a high time resolution. J Neurophysiol. 2000 Jan;83(1):552-62. Gradual changes in potassium channel block allowed us to estimate the cooperativity of transmitter release over a 10-fold range in presynaptic influx. |
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| 12535634 | Wu MM, Gao PJ, Jiao S, Zhu DL, Zang ZH, Mei YA: TGF-beta1 induces the expression of fast inactivating K+ (I (A)) channels in rat vascular myofibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003 Jan 31;301(1):17-23. In myofibroblasts, induced by the treatment of fibroblasts with TGF-beta1, we report the emergence of an additional transient outward K (+) current The TGF-beta1-induced outward current is inhibited by 4-aminopyridine. K (V2.1), the transcript for a non-inactivating potassium channel gene, was detected by quantitative RT-PCT in both cultured fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. |
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| 16914430 | Wareing M, Bai X, Seghier F, Turner CM, Greenwood SL, Baker PN, Taggart MJ, Fyfe GK: Expression and function of channels in the human placental vasculature. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2006 Aug;291(2):R437-46. Epub 2006 Mar 2. The expression of voltage-gated (Kv) 2.1, KV9.3, large-conductance Ca2+-activated K channel (BKCa), inward-rectified K+ channel (KIR) 6.1, and two-pore domain inwardly rectifying potassium channel-related acid-sensitive K channels (TASK) 1 in chorionic plate arteries, veins, and placental homogenate was assessed by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Functional activity of K channels was assessed pharmacologically in small chorionic plate arteries and veins by wire myography using 4-aminopyridine, iberiotoxin, pinacidil, and |
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| 17687001 | Bai X, Ma J, Pan Z, Song YH, Freyberg S, Yan Y, Vykoukal D, Alt E: Electrophysiological properties of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2007 Nov;293(5):C1539-50. Epub 2007 Aug 8. The I (KDR) was inhibited by tetraethyl ammonium (TEA) and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), which significantly reduced the proliferation of hASCs in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05), as suggested by bromodeoxyurindine (BrdU) incorporation. Other selective potassium channel blockers, including linopiridine, iberiotoxin, and apamin also significantly inhibited I (KDR). |
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| 10553805 | Moon DG, Lee DS, Kim JJ: Altered contractile response of penis under hypoxia with metabolic acidosis. Int J Impot Res. 1999 Oct;11(5):265-71. The changes of intracavernous pressure (ICP) to erectogenic agents PGE1), erectolytic agents K channel-related drugs (pinacidil, 4-aminopyridine, tetraethylammonium; TEA, glibenclamide) and ionophore were monitored at Set 1 (PO2 > 60 mmHg, pH > 7.25), Set 2 (PO2 < 30 mmHg, 7.25 > pH > 7.0), Set 3 (PO2 < 30 mmHg, pH < 7.0), and Set 4 (PO2 > 60 mmHg, pH < 7.0) in vivo. |
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| 11374879 | Denda M, Ashida Y, Inoue K, Kumazawa N: Skin surface electric potential induced by ion-flux through epidermal cell layers. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 Jun 1;284(1):112-7. Skin surface barrier disruption reduced the potential and and potassium channel blockers partially prevented the decrease. |
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| 17076688 | Novakovic A, Bukarica LG, Kanjuh V, Heinle H: channels-mediated vasorelaxation of rat aorta induced by Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2006 Nov;99(5):360-4. We used different potassium channel inhibitors to determine whether the K (+) channels mediated endothelium-independent relaxation of rat aorta induced by |
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| 12296855 | Qiu MR, Campbell TJ, Breit SN: A potassium ion channel is involved in cytokine production by activated human macrophages. Clin Exp Immunol. 2002 Oct;130(1):67-74. We have previously implicated an outwardly rectifying potassium channel (Kor) in this process and for this reason we have investigated the role of (K+) and K+ channels in the regulation of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin (IL)-8 production by activated human culture-derived macrophages. |
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| 10586958 | Bringmann A, Francke M, Pannicke T, Biedermann B, Faude F, Enzmann V, Wiedemann P, Reichelt W, Reichenbach A: Human Muller glial cells: altered potassium channel activity in proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1999 Dec;40(13):3316-23. |
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| 17510187 | Bailey TW, Hermes SM, Whittier KL, Aicher SA, Andresen MC: A-type channels differentially tune afferent pathways from rat solitary tract nucleus to caudal ventrolateral medulla or paraventricular hypothalamus. J Physiol. 2007 Jul 15;582(Pt 2):613-28. Epub 2007 May 17. Since intrinsic properties impact information transmission, here we evaluated potassium channel expression and somatodendritic morphology of projection neurons and their relation to afferent information output directed to PVN or CVLM pathways. However, only PVN-projecting NTS neurons displayed large transient, 4-aminopyridine-sensitive, A-type currents (IKA). |
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| 16088387 | Frieling H, Grundling M, Lauer KS, Wendt M, Hachenberg T, Lehmann C, Pavlovic D: Intraperitoneal instillation of polihexanide produces hypotension and vasodilation: in vivo and in vitro study in rats. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2006 May;21(4):373-80. Epub 2005 Oct 26. The relaxing effect of polihexanide (aortae -endothelium) was not affected by K (+)-channel blocking agents charybdotoxin, tetraethylammoniumchloride, glibenclamide or 4-aminopyridine, while polihexanide had no effects on 40-mM KCl contractions. CONCLUSION: This implies that polihexanide may promote liberation, potassium channel activation and vasodilation that may result in hypotension. |
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| 11248242 | Decher N, Maier M, Dittrich W, Gassenhuber J, Bruggemann A, Busch AE, Steinmeyer K: Characterization of TASK-4, a novel member of the pH-sensitive, two-pore domain potassium channel family. FEBS Lett. 2001 Mar 9;492(1-2):84-9. TASK-4 currents were efficiently blocked by barium (83% inhibition at 2 mM), only weakly inhibited by 1 mM concentrations of quinine, bupivacaine and lidocaine, but not blocked by tetraethylammonium, 4-aminopyridine and Cs (+). |
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| 11568792 | Fulep EE, Vedernikov YP, Saade GR, Garfield RE: The role of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor in the regulation of the uterine circulation in pregnant rats. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2001 Sep;185(3):638-42. RESULTS: The decrease in perfusion pressure induced by endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor was significantly attenuated by 4-aminopyridine and was abolished by a combination of 4-aminopyridine and tetraethylammonium. CONCLUSION: In the pregnant rat uterine vascular beds, endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor release is activated by a delayed rectifier type of voltage-sensitive potassium channel. |
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