Protein Information

Name CS2
Synonyms Alcagamma; CLSTN 2; CLSTN2; CS2; CSTN 2; CSTN2; Calsyntenin 2; Calsyntenin 2 precursor…

Compound Information

Name carbon disulfide
CAS carbon disulfide

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
2219170 Rubin RJ: Role of metabolic activation in the renal toxicity of carbon disulfide (CS2). Toxicol Lett. 1990 Sep;53(1-2):211-3.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
12553181 Luo JC, Chang HY, Chang SJ, Chou TC, Chen CJ, Shih TS, Huang CC: Elevated triglyceride and decreased high density lipoprotein level in carbon disulfide workers in Taiwan. Am J Psychiatry. 1978 May;135(5):623-4.

Carbon disulfide (CS2) is a man-made product utilized primarily in the manufacture of viscose rayon.
42(0,1,1,12) Details
9498225 Moorman MP, Sills RC, Collins BJ, Morgan DL: Carbon disulfide neurotoxicity in rats: II. Toxicol Pathol. 2000 Jan-Feb;28(1):142-8.

Carbon disulfide (CS2) is an important industrial chemical widely used in the production of rayon, cellophane, fungicides and biocides.
40(0,1,1,10) Details
1391615 DeCaprio AP, Spink DC, Chen X, Fowke JH, Zhu M, Bank S: Characterization of isothiocyanates, thioureas, and other lysine adduction products in carbon disulfide-treated peptides and protein. Toxicol Lett. 1985 Feb-Mar;24(2-3):171-7.

Carbon disulfide (CS2) is an industrial solvent used in rayon production and as an organic synthetic precursor.
38(0,1,1,8) Details
3087026 Van Stee EW, Simmons JE, Sloane RA, Moorman MP, Adkins B Jr, Cockrell BY: Failure of carbon disulfide and levothyroxine to modify the cardiovascular response of rabbits to a high-cholesterol diet. Science. 2009 Mar 13;323(5920):1464-8.

Exposure of rabbits for 12 weeks to 300 ppm carbon disulfide (CS2) for 6 h/day, 5 days/week, or to 25 mg/day of thiourea or 2% cholesterol in the diet, or to any combination thereof caused a significant reduction in the concentration of serum thyroxine (T4).
31(0,1,1,1) Details
4082194 Borin C, Periquet A, Mitjavila S: Studies on the mechanism of nabam- and zineb-induced inhibition of the hepatic microsomal monooxygenases of the male rat. Ann Acad Med Stetin. 1969;15:319-27.

We studied the in vitro effects of three of the chief breakdown products of these fungicides: ethylene bis-isothiocyanate sulfide (EBIS), ethylene thiourea (ETU), and carbon disulfide (CS2).
31(0,1,1,1) Details
1597259 Herr DW, Boyes WK, Dyer RS: Alterations in rat flash and pattern reversal evoked potentials after acute or repeated administration of carbon disulfide (CS2). Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2001 May;30(3):179-81.
18(0,0,2,8) Details
8933630 Price B, Berner T, Henrich RT, Stewart JM, Moran EJ: A benchmark concentration for carbon disulfide: analysis of the NIOSH carbon disulfide exposure database. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1996 Oct;24(2 Pt 1):171-6.

A statistical analysis of the NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) carbon disulfide (CS2) exposure database was conducted for purposes of establishing a benchmark concentration (BMC) for CS2.
9(0,0,1,4) Details
9498227 Toews AD, Harry GJ, Lowrey KB, Morgan DL, Sills RC: Carbon disulfide neurotoxicity in rats: IV. Neurotoxicology. 1998 Feb;19(1):109-16.

To further test this hypothesis, we examined NGF-R mRNA expression in sciatic nerves of rats exposed to carbon disulfide (CS2), a toxicant known to cause a distal axonopathy.
9(0,0,1,4) Details
9339488 Price B, Bergman TS, Rodriguez M, Henrich RT, Moran EJ: A review of carbon disulfide exposure data and the association between carbon disulfide exposure and ischemic heart disease mortality. Chem Res Toxicol. 1998 May;11(5):544-9.

Recent regulatory efforts have devoted attention to carbon disulfide (CS2) exposure and its potential effects on the cardiovascular system.
9(0,0,1,4) Details
11210016 Kotseva K, Braeckman L, De Bacquer D, Bulat P, Vanhoorne M: Cardiovascular effects in viscose rayon workers exposed to carbon disulfide. Int J Occup Environ Health. 2001 Jan-Mar;7(1):7-13.

The objectives of this study were to investigate the cardiovascular effects in workers currently exposed to carbon disulfide (CS2) below the threshold limit value (TLV) of 31 mg/m3 and to determine the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) after long-term exposure. 172 men (91 workers exposed to CS2 in a viscose rayon factory and 81 referent workers) were examined using a medical and job history questionnaire, Rose's questionnaire, and electrocardiography at rest, and by measuring blood pressure and serum lipids and lipoproteins.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
2445451 Pappolla M, Penton R, Weiss HS, Miller CH Jr, Sahenk Z, Autilio-Gambetti L, Gambetti P: Carbon disulfide axonopathy. J Environ Biol. 2004 Oct;25(4):413-8.

Two different compounds, 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD) and carbon disulfide (CS2), cause axonopathies characterized by the formation of neurofilaments (NF) containing enlargements in preterminal regions of central and peripheral axons.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
7134928 Franco G, Malamani T, Germani L, Candura F: Assessment of coronary heart disease risk among viscose rayon workers exposed to carbon disulfide at concentrations of about 30 mg/m3. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1982 Jun;8(2):113-20.

Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, and two coronary heart disease risk indices were assessed for a group of 70 male viscose rayon workers exposed to carbon disulfide (CS2) and individually matched for age, height, and weight with 70 male referents.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
17953200 Duan Y, Chen G, Ji J, Lu Y, et al: [Study of the possible mechanism of effects of carbon disulfide on c-myc expression in rat testicles]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2007 Jul;36(4):401-3.

OBJECTIVE: To survey the expression of c-myc of teticles in rats exposed to carbon disulfide (CS2) and the possible mechanism of effects on it.
37(0,1,1,7) Details
3814176 Chengelis CP, Neal RA: Oxidative metabolism of carbon disulfide by isolated rat hepatocytes and microsomes. Biochem Pharmacol. 1987 Feb 1;36(3):363-8.

The oxidative metabolism of carbon disulfide (CS2) was investigated in isolated rat hepatocytes and liver microsomes.
36(0,1,1,6) Details
3127944 Snyderwine EG, Kroll R, Rubin RJ: The possible role of the ethanol-inducible isozyme of cytochrome P450 in the metabolism and distribution of carbon disulfide. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1988 Mar 30;93(1):11-21.

Carbon disulfide (CS2)-induced hepatotoxicity and inhibition of the MFO system have been shown to be a consequence of MFO metabolism.
36(0,1,1,6) Details
9557171 Ghittori S, Maestri L, Contardi I, Zadra P, Marraccini P, Imbriani M: Biological monitoring of workers exposed to carbon disulfide (CS2) in a viscose rayon fibers factory. Crit Rev Toxicol. 1995;25(2):91-112.
18(0,0,2,8) Details
11967620 Wronska-Nofer T, Chojnowska-Jezierska J, Nofer JR, Halatek T, Wisniewska-Knypl J: Increased oxidative stress in subjects exposed to carbon disulfide (CS2)--an occupational coronary risk factor. Ann Acad Med Stetin. 1997;43:255-67.
18(0,0,2,8) Details
9199118 Kuligowski D: [The influence of chronic exposure to carbon disulfide on metabolism of catecholamines and serotonin in women]. Am J Ind Med. 1990;17(2):247-54.

Group II-the study group, consisted of women employed in the Synthetic Fibres Factory "Wiskord" in Szczecin-Zydowce, in the carbon disulfide (CS2) atmosphere in concentration from 9.36 to 23.4 mg/m3.
16(0,0,1,11) Details
3700964 Lam CW, DiStefano V, Morken DA: The role of the red blood cell in the transport of carbon disulfide. . J Appl Toxicol. 1986 Apr;6(2):81-6.

When rats were exposed to 2 mg l-1 (approximately 640 ppm) of carbon disulfide (CS2) for 4 h, the concentration of free CS2 in the red blood cells (RBCs) approached a plateau within 2 h.
15(0,0,1,10) Details
2749780 Saillenfait AM, Bonnet P, de Ceaurriz J: Effects of inhalation exposure to carbon disulfide and its combination with hydrogen sulfide on embryonal and fetal development in rats. Toxicol Lett. 1989 Jul;48(1):57-66.

Pregnant rats were exposed to 0, 100, 200, 400 or 800 ppm of carbon disulfide (CS2), 100 ppm of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) alone or in combination with 400 and 800 ppm CS2, 6 h/d during days 6-20 of gestation.
9(0,0,1,4) Details
1390273 Brugnone F, Maranelli G, Zotti S, Zanella I, De Paris P, Caroldi S, Betta A: Blood concentration of carbon disulphide in "normal" subjects and in alcoholic subjects treated with disulfiram. Br J Ind Med. 1992 Sep;49(9):658-63.


Assay of free and acid labile carbon disulphide (free and total CS2 respectively) in human blood was performed by gas chromatography/spectrometry.
7(0,0,0,7) Details
3340619 Chester AE, Meyers FH: Central sympathoplegic and norepinephrine-depleting effects of antioxidants. G Clin Med. 1980 Nov;61(11):805-11.

Carbon disulfide (CS2), tetraethyl lead (TEL), tetraethyl tin (TeET), dithiothreitol (DTT), and gossypol acetic acid (GAA) significantly decreased brain norepinephrine (NE) in rats.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
650715 Wattenberg LW, Fiala ES: Inhibition of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced neoplasia of the large intestine in female CF1 mice by carbon disulfide. Se Pu. 1999 Nov;17(6):598-9.

These three compounds contain a carbon disulfide (CS2) moiety in their structure.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
6087497 Masuda Y, Nakayama N: Prevention of butylated hydroxytoluene-induced lung damage by diethyldithiocarbamate and carbon disulfide in mice. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 2007 Dec;58(4):479-86.

Diethyldithiocarbamate (DTC) and carbon disulfide (CS2), at nearly equimolar doses (po), prevented mice from lung injury induced by butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), as evidenced by suppression of increased lung weight and total DNA content as well as by histopathologic observations.
36(0,1,1,6) Details
3953292 Dalvi RR, Deoras DP: Metabolism of a dithiocarbamate fungicide thiram to carbon disulfide in the rat and its hepatotoxic implications. Arzneimittelforschung. 1985;35(9):1447-51.

The following experiments were carried out to investigate whether carbon disulfide (CS2) is a metabolic product of microsomal monooxygenase catalyzed metabolism of thiram in rats.
35(0,1,1,5) Details
10971926 Kowalska S, Sulkowski W, Sinczuk-Walczak H: [Assessment of the hearing system in workers chronically exposed to carbon disulfide and noise]. Med Pr. 2000;51(2):123-38.

Epidemiological studies carried out in the years 1984-1993 revealed carbon disulfide (CS2) to be one of the major chemical occupational hazards.
15(0,0,1,10) Details
17621420 Wang JM, Zhang H, Ding AD, Yang H: [Effect of carbon disulfide on inducible nitric oxide synthase and apoptosis in retina of rats]. G Ital Med Lav. 1984 May-Jul;6(3-4):95-9.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of carbon disulfide (CS2) on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and apoptosis in in the retina of rats.
15(0,0,1,10) Details
994023 Levine TE: Effects of carbon disulfide and FLA-63 on operant behavior in pigeons. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1976 Dec;199(3):669-78.

Carbon disulfide (CS2) and FLA-63 [bis (4-methyl-1-homopiperazinylthiocarbonyl) disulfide] were studied in pigeons working on a differential-reinforcement-of low-rates or a multiple fixed-interval fixed-ratio schedule of food reinforcement.
9(0,0,1,4) Details
1080963 Raitta C, Tolonen M: Ocular pulse wave in workers exposed to carbon disulfide. . Albrecht Von Graefes Arch Klin Exp Ophthalmol. 1975 Jun 6;195(3):149-54.

Oculosphygmography (OSG), combined with electrocardiography, was performed on 38 male workers exposed occupationally to carbon disulfide (CS2) and 40 unexposed male paper mill workers.
9(0,0,1,4) Details
7717875 Kivisto H, Elovaara E, Riihimaki V, Aitio A: Effect of cytochrome P450 isozyme induction and glutathione depletion on the metabolism of CS2 to TTCA in rats. Life Sci. 2000;66(3):201-8.

Analysis of 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TTCA), a metabolite of carbon disulfide (CS2), is used in the biological monitoring exposure to CS2 at work.
35(0,1,1,5) Details
12972631 Johnson DJ, Amarnath V, Amarnath K, Valentine H, Valentine WM: Characterizing the influence of structure and route of exposure on the disposition of dithiocarbamates using toluene-3,4-dithiol analysis of blood and urinary carbon disulfide metabolites. Toxicol Sci. 2003 Nov;76(1):65-74. Epub 2003 Sep 12.

To better characterize the fate of dithiocarbmates in vivoas a function of structure and route of exposure, rats were administered equimolar doses of carbon disulfide (CS2), N-methyldithiocarbamate, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate, or disulfiram daily for five days, either po or ip, and sequential blood samples obtained.
35(0,1,1,5) Details
9501342 Sinczuk-Walczak H: [Methodologic guidelines related to neurologic and neurophysiologic examinations in a population occupationally exposed to carbon disulfide (CS2)]. Anal Chem. 2002 Mar 1;74(5):1054-60.
14(0,0,2,4) Details
17089121 Pol A, van der Drift C, Op den Camp HJ: Isolation of a carbon disulfide utilizing Thiomonas sp. and its application in a biotrickling filter. Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2005 Mar;26(2):45-9.

The carbon disulfide (CS2)-oxidizing bacterium Thiomonas sp.
14(0,0,1,9) Details
11504042 Piluk J, Hartel PG, Haines BL, Giannasi DE: Association of carbon disulfide with plants in the family Fabaceae. J Chem Ecol. 2001 Jul;27(7):1525-34.

We examined 40 taxa from nine genera within the subfamily Mimosoideae; 29 (73%) from six genera produced carbon disulfide (CS2).
9(0,0,1,4) Details
14979108 Di Lorenzo L, Basso A, Pesola G, Balice M, Tempesta M, Lasorsa G, Speranza G, Soleo L: [Exposure to low doses of CS2 and cardiovascular risk factors] . G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 2003 Jul-Sep;25 Suppl(3):112-3.

The effects were studied on cardiovascular risk factors of occupational exposure to carbon disulfide (CS2) concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 1.60 mg/m3, 74 workers exposed (E) to CS2 and 79 non-exposed (NE) workers were examined.
9(0,0,1,4) Details
12371920 Cho SK, Kim RH, Yim SH, Tak SW, Lee YK, Son MA: Long-term neuropsychological effects and MRI findings in patients with CS2 poisoning. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1975 Aug;36(8):618-25.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the long-term neuropsychological effects and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings among retired patients with a history of exposure to carbon disulfide (CS2).
9(0,0,1,4) Details
10412339 Roh J, Kim CN, Lim NG, Chang JH, Cho YB: Simultaneous analysis of urinary 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid and thiocarbamide as a biological exposure index for carbon disulfide exposure. Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1992 Apr;18(3):328-42.

The objectives of this study were to develop optimal analytic methods for detecting urinary 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TTCA) and thiocarbamide simultaneously and to evaluate the usefulness of these metabolites to a biological exposure index (BEI) for carbon disulfide (CS2) exposure.
35(0,1,1,5) Details
9408528 Cox C, Hee SS, Tolos WP: Biological monitoring of workers exposed to carbon disulfide. . Am J Ind Med. 1998 Jan;33(1):48-54.

Urinary 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TTCA) concentrations and corresponding personal breathing zone carbon disulfide (CS2) air concentrations were measured for worker populations at a Tennessee rubber product facility and a Virginia viscose rayon plant.
35(0,1,1,5) Details
2165741 Aaserud O, Hommeren OJ, Tvedt B, Nakstad P, Mowe G, Efskind J, Russell D, Jorgensen EB, Nyberg-Hansen R, Rootwelt K, et al.: Carbon disulfide exposure and neurotoxic sequelae among viscose rayon workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1987;59(3):243-50.

In Norway's only viscose rayon plant, carbon disulfide (CS2) concentrations in ambient air usually were between 30 and 50 mg/m3 during the first 23 years of production.
35(0,1,1,5) Details
12700426 Graff JE, Herr DW: Disassociation of carbon disulfide-induced depression of flash-evoked potential peak N166 amplitude and norepinephrine levels. G Ital Med Lav. 1984 May-Jul;6(3-4):101-6.

Because of its known effects on both NE and FEPs, we utilized carbon disulfide (CS2) as a means to examine the possible role of NE in modulating the amplitude of FEP peaks N36 and N166.
14(0,0,1,9) Details
9258709 Kuo HW, Lai JS, Lin M, Su ES: Effects of exposure to carbon disulfide (CS2) on electrocardiographic features of ischemic heart disease among viscose rayon factory workers. G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 2008 Jan-Mar;30(1):55-60.
14(0,0,2,4) Details
6720320 Danielsson BR, Bergman K, d'Argy R: Tissue disposition of carbon disulfide. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol. 1984 Mar;54(3):233-40.

Occupational exposure to carbon disulfide (CS2) has been associated with an increased rate of spontaneous abortions.
12(0,0,1,7) Details
11196079 Kotseva K: Occupational exposure to low concentrations of carbon disulfide as a risk factor for hypercholesterolaemia. Chem Res Toxicol. 1992 Mar-Apr;5(2):254-62.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of occupational exposure to carbon disulfide (CS2) concentrations below threshold limit value (TLV)-time-weighted average (TWA) (31 mg/m3) on total cholesterol, blood pressure and the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD).
12(0,0,1,7) Details
14646302 Takebayashi T, Nishiwaki Y, Nomiyama T, Uemura T, Yamauchi T, Tanaka S, Sakurai H, Omae K: Lack of relationship between occupational exposure to carbon disulfide and endocrine dysfunction: a six-year cohort study of the Japanese rayon workers. J Occup Health. 2003 Mar;45(2):111-8.

OBJECTIVES: A six-year prospective cohort study was conducted to clarify whether the current carbon disulfide (CS2) exposure level is low enough to prevent subclinical health impairment and/or to ameliorate health effects due to previous high exposure.
9(0,0,1,4) Details
11569108 Nie Y, Zhang J, Xi S, Yang Z: [Emissions of biogenic sulfur gases from wheat fields] . Z Gesamte Hyg. 1983 Aug;29(8):444-8.

Emission rates of carbonyl sulfide (COS), carbon disulfide (CS2) and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) to the atmosphere from wheat fields treated with different fertilizers were measured by using the closed chamber method.
9(0,0,1,4) Details
1610296 Hirata M, Ogawa Y, Okayama A, Goto S: Changes in auditory brainstem response in rats chronically exposed to carbon disulfide. Arch Toxicol. 1992;66(5):334-8.

The chronic effect of carbon disulfide (CS2) on the central nervous system (CNS) was studied by examining auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) in female rats (Jcl Wistar) exposed to 200 ppm or 800 ppm CS2 by inhalation, 6 h a day, 5 days a week, for 15 weeks.
9(0,0,1,4) Details
857582 Savolainen H, Lehtonen E, Vainio H: CS2 binding to rat spinal neurofilaments. Acta Neuropathol. 1977 Mar 31;37(3):219-23.

9(0,0,0,9) Details
2842488 Furusawa S, Sasaki K, Takayanagi G: Reduction of cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity by diethyldithiocarbamate and carbon disulfide and its possible mechanism. Br J Ind Med. 1979 May;36(2):148-52.

The mechanism of reduction in cyclophosphamide (CPA)-induced toxicity by diethyldithiocarbamate (DTC) and carbon disulfide (CS2) was examined in relation to CPA metabolism in mice.
35(0,1,1,5) Details
3002400 Eckes L, Buch HP: Influence of disulfiram, diethyldithiocarbamate and carbon disulfide on the metabolic formation of trifluoroacetic acid from halothane in the rat. Fresenius J Anal Chem. 2000 Apr;366(8):851-6.

Diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) and carbon disulfide (CS2), two metabolites of D, given to rats immediately after the H-anesthesia also reduced the metabolic formation of TFAA.
34(0,1,1,4) Details
6429901 Tepe SJ, Zenick H: The effects of carbon disulfide on the reproductive system of the male rat. Toxicology. 1984 Jul;32(1):47-56.

Two experimental protocols were employed to determine the effects of carbon disulfide (CS2) on the reproductive system of the male rat.
12(0,0,1,7) Details
3356510 Merigan WH, Wood RW, Zehl D, Eskin TA: Carbon disulfide effects on the visual system. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1988 Apr;29(4):512-8.

Five monkeys were exposed by inhalation for 6 hr a day, 5 days a week to 256 ppm carbon disulfide (CS2).
12(0,0,2,2) Details
1415281 Riihimaki V, Kivisto H, Peltonen K, Helpio E, Aitio A: Assessment of exposure to carbon disulfide in viscose production workers from urinary 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid determinations. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 1992 Jul-Sep;17(3):237-40.

The follow-up of environmental carbon disulfide (CS2) exposure and urinary excretion of 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TTCA) among 20 operatives over a 4-day working week in two viscose producing factories confirmed earlier observations that TTCA is a sensitive and reliable indicator of exposure to CS2.
12(0,0,1,7) Details
9816381 Takebayashi T, Omae K, Ishizuka C, Nomiyama T, Sakurai H: Cross sectional observation of the effects of carbon disulphide on the nervous system, endocrine system, and subjective symptoms in rayon manufacturing workers. J Occup Environ Med. 2003 Jan;45(1):73-8.


OBJECTIVES: A prospective cohort study was initiated to clarify whether the current level of exposure to carbon disulphide (CS2) is low enough to prevent occurrence of subclinical health impairments or to ameliorate health effects due to past high exposure.
9(0,0,0,9) Details
7565071 Stanosz S, Pieleszek A, Kuligowski D: [The linear correlation coefficient of serotonin and prolactin concentrations in plasma of women chronically exposed to carbon disulfide]. Med Pr. 1995;46(3):235-8.

A group of 70 women, examined clinically, was divided into two even subgroups: subgroup I--controls, aged 49.8 +/- 3.2 years, non-exposed to carbon disulfide (CS2), and subgroup II, aged 43.6 +/- 1.7 years chronically exposed to CS2 in concentration of 9.36--23.4 mg/m3.
8(0,0,1,3) Details
472681 Tolonen M, Nurminen M, Hernberg S: Ten-year coronary mortality of workers exposed to carbon disulfide. . Scand J Work Environ Health. 1979 Jun;5(2):109-14.

Two cohorts, one comprising 343 viscose rayon workers exposed for at least five years to carbon disulfide (CS2) and the other made up of 343 nonexposed men, were followed from 1967 to 1977 with respect to coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality.
8(0,0,1,3) Details
6086999 Masuda Y, Nakayama N, Yamaguchi A, Murohashi M: The effects of diethyldithiocarbamate and carbon disulfide on acute nephrotoxicity induced by furan, bromobenzene and cephaloridine in mice. Jpn J Pharmacol. 1984 Feb;34(2):221-9.

In previous studies (Masuda and Nakayama, 1983), diethyldithiocarbamate (DTC) and carbon disulfide (CS2) have been found to be protective against acute nephrotoxicity induced by CHCl3 and 1,1-dichloroethylene in normal and CCl4-poisoned mice, and it has been suggested that the protective action of DTC and CS2 might be mediated through inhibition of bioactivation of these nephrotoxicants in the kidney.
34(0,1,1,4) Details
10322749 Gao Y, Ge L, Liang Y: [Effects of carbon disulfide on neurotransmitter and its metabolites in rats]. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1988;60(5):351-3.

OBJECTIVE: In order to study the mechanism of neurotoxic effects of carbon disulfide (CS2) on animal behavior.
34(0,1,1,4) Details
1399021 Phillips M: Detection of carbon disulfide in breath and air: a possible new risk factor for coronary artery disease. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1992;64(2):119-23.

Carbon disulfide (CS2) is toxic to the heart and arteries; chronic exposure can result in accelerated atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease in humans and animals.
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3787622 Lam CW, DiStefano V: Characterization of carbon disulfide binding in blood and to other biological substances. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2008 Jun 28;10(24):3498-508. Epub 2008 May 7.

Free and bound forms of CS2 are present in subjects exposed to CS2.
12(0,0,0,12) Details
6711322 Bergman K, Danielsson BR, d'Argy R: Tissue disposition of carbon disulfide: I. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol. 1984 Feb;54(2):141-50.

Occupational exposure to carbon disulfide (CS2) is associated with several adverse effects such as neurotoxicity, atherosclerosis, liver injury and endocrinal disturbances.
12(0,0,1,7) Details
6683827 Johnson BL, Boyd J, Burg JR, Lee ST, Xintaras C, Albright BE: Effects on the peripheral nervous system of workers' exposure to carbon disulfide. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol. 1986 Jan;58(1):38-42.

Effects of CS2 on the peripheral nervous system (PNS) were evaluated in ulnar and peroneal nerves using measurements of maximum motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV) and distal latency; and sensory conduction velocity (SCV) in the sural nerve.
8(0,0,0,8) Details
15330389 Tan X, Chen G, Peng X, Wang F, Bi Y, Tao N, Wang C, Yan J, Ma S, Cao Z, He J, Yi P, Braeckman L, Vanhoorne M: Cross-sectional study of cardiovascular effects of carbon disulfide among Chinese workers of a viscose factory. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2004 Jul;207(3):217-25.

OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional study investigates the cardiovascular effects among Chinese workers who were occupationally exposed to carbon disulfide (CS2), and evaluates the protective value of the current Chinese Maximum Allowable Concentration (MAC) of CS2 against cardiovascular effects.
8(0,0,1,3) Details
6090051 Faiman MD, Jensen JC, Lacoursiere RB: Elimination kinetics of disulfiram in alcoholics after single and repeated doses. Med Pr. 1997;48(5):605-9.

Apparent t 1/2s were calculated for disulfiram, diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC), diethyldithiocarbamate-methyl ester (DDTC-Me), diethylamine (DEA), and carbon disulfide (CS2) and were found to be 7.3, 15.5, 22.1, 13.9, and 8.9 hr.
8(0,0,1,3) Details
6291543 Masuda Y, Nakayama N: Protective effect of diethyldithiocarbamate and carbon disulfide against liver injury induced by various hepatotoxic agents. Neurotoxicology. 1998 Feb;19(1):129-46.

Diethyldithiocarbamate (DTC) and carbon disulfide (CS2), at nearly equimolar oral dose levels, protected mice against liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, bromotrichloromethane, thioacetamide, bromobenzene, furosemide, acetaminophen, dimethylnitrosamine and trichloroethylene, as evidenced by the suppression of elevations in plasma GPT activity and liver calcium content, and of histopathological alterations.
34(0,1,1,4) Details
755667 Dalvi RR, Howell CD: Interaction of parathion and malathion with hepatic cytochrome P-450 from rats treated with phenobarbital and carbon disulfide. Drug Chem Toxicol. 1978;1(2):191-202.

Alterations in the activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes and the concentration of cytochrome p-450 from liver microsomes of rats pretreated with phenobarbital for enzyme induction and later given a single oral dose (0.4 ml/kg) of carbon disulfide (CS2) have been examined.
33(0,1,1,3) Details
9348719 Tanaka S, Yamauchi T, Takebayashi T, Omae K, Seki Y: A simple method for carbon disulfide monitoring using a diffusive sampler, thermal desorption and a stain tube. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2005 Jan;140(1):139-47.

A simple sampling and analytical method for monitoring carbon disulfide (CS2) vapor was investigated to assess exposure to low levels of CS2 in a viscose rayon factory.
12(0,0,1,7) Details
11306775 Huang CC, Chu CC, Chu NS, Wu TN: Carbon disulfide vasculopathy: a small vessel disease. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2001;11(3):245-50.

We present the clinical manifestations of 4 male patients with acute stroke-like symptoms and polyneuropathy after long-term exposure to carbon disulfide (CS2) in a viscose rayon plant.
12(0,0,1,7) Details
3177220 Simmons JE, Sloane RA, Van Stee EW: Hepatic cholesterol metabolism as a function of carbon disulfide concentration and treatment with phenobarbital. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1988 Sep;49(9):427-33.

Male F344 rats were exposed to carbon disulfide (CS2) at 0, 30, 75, 150, 300, or 600 ppm for 6 hr by inhalation in the presence or absence of 0.1% phenobarbital (PB) in the drinking water starting 5 days before exposure to CS2.
11(0,0,1,6) Details
8946720 Ahmad N, Guo L, Mandarakas P, Farah V, Appleby S, Gibson T: Headspace gas-liquid chromatographic determination of dithiocarbamate residues in fruits and vegetables with confirmation by conversion to ethylenethiourea. J AOAC Int. 1996 Nov-Dec;79(6):1417-22.

Ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate (EBDC) residues were determined as carbon disulfide (CS2) by an improved headspace gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) procedure.
8(0,0,1,3) Details
8713716 Cox C, Que Hee SS, Lynch DW: Urinary 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TTCA) as the major urinary marker of carbon disulfide vapor exposure in rats. Toxicol Ind Health. 1996 Jan-Feb;12(1):81-92.

Male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 g; 60 per exposure group) were exposed to carbon disulfide (CS2) air concentrations of 0, 50, 150, and 500 ppm (v/v) for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week over six months.
8(0,0,1,3) Details
1487327 Hirata M, Ogawa Y, Okayama A, Goto S: A cross-sectional study on the brainstem auditory evoked potential among workers exposed to carbon disulfide. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1992;64(5):321-4.

In order to clarify the chronic effect of carbon disulfide (CS2) on the central nervous system (CNS), the brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) was measured in spinning workers exposed to CS2 in a viscose rayon manufacturing factory and unexposed workers in Japan.
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2845535 Masuda Y, Yasoshima M, Shibata K: Effects of carbon disulfide, diethyldithiocarbamate, and disulfiram on drug metabolism in the perfused rat liver. Med Lav. 1974 May-Jun;65(5-6):193-201.

The effects of carbon disulfide (CS2), diethyldithiocarbamate (DTC) and disulfiram (DS) on hepatic drug metabolism were studied in a noncirculating and hemoglobin-free rat liver perfusion system using p-nitroanisole (p-NA) as a substrate.
33(0,1,1,3) Details
6314603 Masuda Y, Nakayama N: Protective action of diethyldithiocarbamate and carbon disulfide against acute toxicities induced by 1,1-dichloroethylene in mice. Toxicol Lett. 1980 Mar;5(3-4):207-12.

Pretreatment with either diethyldithiocarbamate (DTC) or carbon disulfide (CS2) blocked all of these 1,1-DCE-induced toxic manifestations in normal and carbon tetrachloride-poisoned mice.
33(0,1,1,3) Details
3175344 Chengelis CP: Paradoxical effect of cobaltous chloride on carbon disulfide induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol. 1988 Jul;61(1):83-96.

A single acute dose of carbon disulfide (CS2, 5 mmol/kg ip) caused hepatic damage in rats pretreated with phenobarbital.
11(0,0,1,6) Details
12938518 Bi Y, Tao N, Tan X, Wang F, Li Y, Su Y: Study on relationship between carbon disulfide exposure and symptoms and signs of nervous system in workers. J Tongji Med Univ. 1999;19(4):280-4.

The relationship between carbon disulfide (CS2) and the symptoms and signs of nervous system in rayon workers was investigated.
11(0,0,1,6) Details
15315294 Huang CC: Carbon disulfide neurotoxicity: Taiwan experience. Przegl Lek. 1995;52(5):252-6.

Carbon disulfide (CS2) intoxication may induce peripheral neuropathy, encephalopathy, and cardiovascular diseases.
11(0,0,1,6) Details
11432561 Wang L, Zhang F, Chen J: Carbonyl sulfide derived from catalytic oxidation of carbon disulfide over atmospheric particles. Environ Sci Technol. 2001 Jun 15;35(12):2543-7.

The formation of carbonyl sulfide (COS) by catalytic oxidization of carbon disulfide (CS2) over atmospheric particle catalysts was explored through FT-IR, MS (mass spectrometry), and a fixed-bed stainless steel reactor.
11(0,0,1,6) Details
16598929 Chen GY, Deng J, Tan H, Hu FX, Chai L, Liu W, Liu S, Yi Y: [Antagonism of vitamin E on lipid peroxidation in testis of male rats with carbon disulfide]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2006 Jan;35(1):36-8.

OBJECTIVE: To study the antagonistic joint action of vitamin E (VE) lipid peroxidation of testis in the male rats with carbon disulfide (CS2).
8(0,0,1,3) Details
11512146 Jian L, Chiang H: Influence of carbon disulphide on hydroxyl radicals in the phenanthroline chemiluminescence system. Fresenius J Anal Chem. 2001 Nov;371(6):798-805.


We investigated the effects of carbon disulphide (CS2) on hydroxyl radical generation using the phenanthroline chemiluminescence system.
8(0,0,0,8) Details
3775801 Yasoshima M, Masuda Y: Effect of carbon disulfide on the anticholinesterase action of several organophosphorus insecticides in mice. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1978 Jun;60(6):1515-7.

Effect of carbon disulfide (CS2) on toxic action of 11 organophosphorus (OP) insecticides were examined by determining the plasma cholinesterase activity in mice.
8(0,0,1,3) Details
8313158 Wilmarth KR, Viana ME, Abou-Donia MB: Carbon disulfide inhalation increases Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase phosphorylation of cytoskeletal proteins in the rat central nervous system. Brain Res. 1993 Nov 19;628(1-2):293-300.

The Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation of neuronal cytoskeletal proteins was studied in brain supernatants prepared from rats exposed via inhalation to 600 to 800 ppm carbon disulfide (CS2) for 14 days.
33(0,1,1,3) Details
6636170 Lam CW, DiStefano V: Blood-bound carbon disulfide: an indicator of carbon disulfide exposure, and its accumulation in repeatedly exposed rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1983 Sep 30;70(3):402-10.

Sensitivities of the blood acid-labile CS2 (AL CS2) concentration and the modified iodine-azide test (IAT) were compared as indicators of CS2 exposure.
11(0,0,0,11) Details
3175345 Chengelis CP: Changes in hepatic glutathione concentrations during carbon disulfide induced hepatotoxicity in the rat. Med Pr. 1977;28(4):275-81.

When administered acutely to male Sprague-Dawley rats, carbon disulfide (CS2, 5 mmole/kg ip) caused centrilobular hepatic hydropic degeneration or necrosis.
11(0,0,1,6) Details
886464 McKenna MJ, DiStefano V: Carbon disulfide. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1977 Aug;202(2):245-52.

The pharmacokinetics of inhaled carbon disulfide (CS2) vapor was evaluated in rats.
11(0,0,1,6) Details
9753892 Stetkiewicz J, Wronska-Nofer T: Updating of hygiene standards for carbon disulfide based on health risk assessment. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 1998;11(2):129-43.

In 1995 the hygiene occupational standard values of carbon disulfide (CS2) were established in Poland: the maximum allowable concentration, eight-hour time weighted average (MAC-TWA)--18 mg/m3, and the short time exposure level (STEL)--30 mg/m3.
8(0,0,1,3) Details
7612176 Graham DG, Amarnath V, Valentine WM, Pyle SJ, Anthony DC: Pathogenetic studies of hexane and carbon disulfide neurotoxicity. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1986;197:237-42.

Two commonly employed solvents, n-hexane and carbon disulfide (CS2), although chemically dissimilar, result in identical neurofilament-filled swellings of the distal axon in both the central and peripheral nervous systems.
8(0,0,1,3) Details
14581054 Kim KH, Swan H, Shon ZH, Lee G, Kim J, Kang CH: Monitoring of reduced sulfur compounds in the atmosphere of Gosan, Jeju Island during the Spring of 2001. Chemosphere. 2004 Jan;54(4):515-26.

The atmospheric concentrations of dimethylsulfide (DMS) and carbon disulfide (CS2) were measured concurrently with relevant environmental parameters at Gosan, Jeju Island, Korea during 5-26 April 2001.
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6424268 Zenick H, Blackburn K, Hope E, Baldwin D: An evaluation of the copulatory, endocrinologic, and spermatotoxic effects of carbon disulfide in the rat. Clin Toxicol. 1981 Dec;18(12):1475-84.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the endocrinologic and spermatogenic effects of carbon disulfide (CS2) exposure in the rat.
8(0,0,1,3) Details
3937076 Merigan WH, Wood RW, Zehl DN: Recent observations on the neurobehavioral toxicity of carbon disulfide. . Br J Ind Med. 1984 Aug;41(3):412-6.

Visual thresholds, fluorescein angiography, color fundus photography and tests of motor function were used to examine the effects of carbon disulfide (CS2) on macaque monkeys.
32(0,1,1,2) Details
9498229 Herr DW, Vo KT, Morgan DL, Sills RC: Carbon disulfide neurotoxicity in rats: VI. Occup Environ Med. 2004 Feb;61(2):127-34.

The effects of subchronic exposure to carbon disulfide (CS2) on ventral caudal tail nerve compound nerve action potential (CNAP) amplitudes and latencies, and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) in rats were examined.
11(0,0,1,6) Details
6654514 Karai I, Sugimoto K, Goto S: A fluorescein angiographic study on carbon disulfide retinopathy among workers in viscose rayon factories. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1983;53(2):91-9.

In order to clarify the pathogenesis of carbon disulfide retinopathy, fluorescein fundus angiograms were analyzed for 143 workers exposed to CS2 and 40 unexposed workers (reference) from viscose rayon factories.
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3005542 Nakayama N, Masuda Y: Suppression of phenacetin-induced methemoglobinemia by diethyldithiocarbamate and carbon disulfide and its relation to phenacetin metabolism in mice. Br J Pharmacol. 1985 Feb;84(2):357-63.

Oral pretreatment with diethyldithiocarbamate (DTC) and carbon disulfide (CS2) prevented mice from methemoglobinemia induced by phenacetin.
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7382884 Calabrese EJ: Does use of oral contraceptives enhance the toxicity of carbon disulfide through interactions with pyridoxine and tryptophan metabolism?. Klin Oczna. 1980 Feb;82(2):77-8.

It is proposed that oral contraceptive (OC) users are at increased risk to experiencing adverse psychological disorders (e.g. irritability, depression) from exposures to elevated levels of carbon disulfide (CS2).
8(0,0,1,3) Details
9575668 Sinczuk-Walczak H, Szymczak M: Rhythm patterns of basic brain bioelectric activity in workers chronically exposed to carbon disulfide. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 1997;10(4):429-40.

The work aimed at defining the pattern and frequency of rhythm disturbances in basic brain bioelectric activity in EEG recordings, routinely regarded as normal, in workers exposed to chronic carbon disulfide (CS2) poisoning, without detected symptoms of organic lesions in the nervous system.
8(0,0,1,3) Details
8937537 Chu CC, Huang CC, Chu NS, Wu TN: Carbon disulfide induced polyneuropathy: sural nerve pathology, electrophysiology, and clinical correlation. Pol Tyg Lek. 1989 May 22-29;44(21-22):492-5

We report the clinical features, electrophysiological studies, sural nerve pathology and recovery course of carbon disulfide-(CS2) induced polyneuropathy in a 48-year-old man who worked in a viscose rayon plant.
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19165470 Song F, Zhang C, Wang Q, Zeng T, Xie K: Alterations in neurofilaments content and calpains activity of sciatic nerve of carbon disulfide-treated rats. Arch Toxicol. 2009 Jun;83(6):587-94. Epub 2009 Jan 23.

Chronic exposure to carbon disulfide (CS2) can induce polyneuropathy in occupational worker and experimental animals, but underlying mechanism for CS2 neurotoxicity is currently unknown.
84(1,1,1,4) Details
1311644 Lauriault VV, Khan S, O'Brien PJ: Hepatocyte cytotoxicity induced by various hepatotoxins mediated by cytochrome P-450IIE1: protection with diethyldithiocarbamate administration. Med Pr. 1983;34(2):183-9.

The objective of this study was to determine whether the thiol drug, diethyldithiocarbamate (DEDC) and its two metabolites, disulfiram (DS) and carbon disulfide (CS2) could be used as inhibitors of cytochrome P-450IIE1 to protect hepatocytes from cytotoxic xenobiotics. (1) Hepatocytes isolated from rats following pyrazole administration to induce cytochrome P-450IIE1 were much more susceptible to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) than hepatocytes from untreated rats.
84(1,1,1,4) Details
11005259 Tonkin EG, Erve JC, Valentine WM: Disulfiram produces a non-carbon disulfide-dependent schwannopathy in the rat. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2000 Sep;59(9):786-97.

Because carbon disulfide, a disulfiram metabolite, produces a peripheral neuropathy clinically similar to disulfiram, it has been postulated that disulfiram neuropathy results from CS2 release in vivo.
32(0,1,1,2) Details
11057420 Jian L, Hu D: Antioxidative stress response in workers exposed to carbon disulfide. . Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2000 Sep;73(7):503-6.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of carbon disulfide (CS2) on antioxidative stress systems of exposed workers.
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3368530 Galef BG Jr, Mason JR, Preti G, Bean NJ: Carbon disulfide: a semiochemical mediating socially-induced diet choice in rats. Med Pr. 1980;31(3):171-6.

Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry revealed the presence of both carbon disulfide (CS2) and carbonyl sulfide (COS) on rat breath.
10(0,0,1,5) Details
8177132 Krstev S, Perunicic B, Farkic B, Varagic M: Environmental and biological monitoring in carbon disulfide exposure assessment. Med Lav. 1993 Nov-Dec;84(6):473-81.

Carbon disulfide (CS2) exposure was assessed in several ways in a viscose fiber plant.
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10406149 Qingfen T, Xirang G, Weijing Y, Jianduan L, Yingli D, Zhimin H: An experimental study on damage of retina function due to toxicity of carbon disulfide and lipid peroxidation. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 1999 Jun;77(3):298-301.

PURPOSE: To study the relation between the changes in the electroretinogram and the lipid peroxidation of the retina during the period of retinal damage due to carbon disulfide (CS2).
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7280 Kromer W, Freundt KJ: [In vitro inhibition of oxidative N-demethylation with carbon disulfide] . Arzneimittelforschung. 1976 Feb;26(2):189-94.

Earlier findings have shown that in experimental animals (rat) and in man inhaled carbon disulphide (CS2) reversibly inhibits the non-specific oxidative drug metabolism caused by hepatic microsomal enzymes.
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14604332 Tsai CH, Huang YJ, Chen JC, Liao WT, Fang GC: Deodorization of dimethyl sulfide using a discharge approach at room temperature. Neurotoxicology. 1998 Feb;19(1):99-107.

Odor was diminished effectively via reforming DMS into mainly carbon disulfide (CS2) or sulfur dioxide (SO2).
8(0,0,1,3) Details
3724435 Wronska-Nofer T, Klimczak J, Laurman W, Opalska B: [Interaction of carbon disulfide (CS2 with ethanol in the microsomal monooxygenase system, and its biological consequences]. Med Pr. 1986;37(1):1-11.
84(1,1,1,4) Details
3778518 Masuda Y, Yasoshima M, Nakayama N: Early, selective and reversible suppression of cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase of liver microsomes following the administration of low doses of carbon disulfide in mice. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1997;70(1):61-6.

The effects of carbon disulfide (CS2) on the liver microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme system and other enzyme activities were studied 1 hr after the oral administration of 3-300 mg/kg of CS2 in mice.
84(1,1,1,4) Details
237636 Dalvi RR, HUNTER AL, Neal RA: Toxicological implications of the mixed-function oxidase catalyzed metabolism of carbon disulfide. Chem Biol Interact. 1975 May;10(5):347-61.

The results of these studies have indicated that the decrease in the activity of the hepatic mixed-function oxidase enzyme system and the concentration of cytochrome P-450 seen on incubation of carbon disulfide (CS2) with rat liver microsomes in the presence of NADPH is the result of the binding of the sulfur atom released in the mixed-function oxidase catalyzed metabolism of CS2 to carbonyl sulfide (COS).
83(1,1,1,3) Details
6100347 Bilbao JM, Briggs SJ, Gray TA: Filamentous axonopathy in disulfiram neuropathy. Ultrastruct Pathol. 1984;7(4):295-300.

Identical changes can be induced in animals by carbon disulfide (CS2), a metabolite of disulfiram.
32(0,1,1,2) Details
4035665 Green EC, Hunter A: Toxicity of carbon disulfide in developing rats: LD50 values and effects on the hepatic mixed-function oxidase enzyme system. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1985 Mar 30;78(1):130-8.

The 24-hr LD50 values of carbon disulfide (CS2) were estimated in 1-, 5-, 10-, 20-, 30-, and 40-day-old rats.
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15893891 Chou TC, Tsai JC, Sheu HM, Jen CJ, Shih TS, Chang HY: Topical exposure to carbon disulfide induces epidermal permeability alterations in physiological and pathological changes. Z Gesamte Hyg. 1990 Jul;36(7):371-2.

Carbon disulfide (CS2) has been suggested its possible skin toxicity.
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11151363 Field LD, Lawrenz ET, Shaw WJ, Turner P: Insertion of CO2, CS2, and COS into iron (II)-hydride bonds. Inorg Chem. 2000 Dec 11;39(25):5632-8.

The reactions between cis-Fe (dmpe) 2H2 (dmpe = Me2PCH2CH2PMe2) (1) or cis-Fe (PP3) H2 (PP3 = P (CH2CH2PMe2) 3) (2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon disulfide (CS2), and carbonyl sulfide (COS) are investigated.
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17695904 McGeough KL, Kalin RM, Myles P: Carbon disulfide removal by zero valent iron. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2007 May;25(5):271-4.

The use of zero valent iron (Fe0) for the remediation of water contaminated with carbon disulfide (CS2), a common groundwater contaminant, has been evaluated in this study.
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14696937 Ensafi AA, Rahimi Mansour H, Majlesi R: Determination of trace amount of carbon disulfide in water by the spectrophotometric reaction-rate method. JAPCA. 1988 Oct;38(10):1271-4.

Carbon disulfide (CS2) was determined at trace levels by its induction effect on the reaction of triiodide with azide in acidic media.
8(0,0,1,3) Details
15658161 Peterson MR, Pate BA, Rickman EE, Jayanty RK, Wilshire FW, Knoll JE: Validation of a test method for the measurement of methanol emissions from stationary sources. J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 1995 Jan;45(1):3-11.

Samples are desorbed with a 1:1 mixture of carbon disulfide (CS2) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF).
7(0,0,1,2) Details
3421545 Drudge JH, Lyons ET, Tolliver SC, Lowry SR, Fallon EH: Piperazine resistance in population-B equine strongyles: a study of selection in Thoroughbreds in Kentucky from 1966 through 1983. Am J Vet Res. 1988 Jul;49(7):986-94.

The study included several drugs or mixtures, including thiabendazole (TBZ), phenothiazine (PTZ) + piperazine (PPZ)-carbon disulfide (CS2) complex, PTZ + PPZ + trichlorfon (TCF), dichlorvos, and pyrantel pamoate.
82(1,1,1,2) Details
6315019 Masuda Y, Nakayama N: Protective action of diethyldithiocarbamate and carbon disulfide against renal injury induced by chloroform in mice. J Chromatogr Sci. 1976 Jan;14(1):40-4.

Oral administration of diethyldithiocarbamate (DTC) and carbon disulfide (CS2) protected mice against CHCl3-induced kidney injury, as evidenced by normalization of delayed plasma phenolsulfonphthalein clearance, suppression of increased kidney calcium content and prevention of renal tubular necrosis.
32(0,1,1,2) Details
9498230 Moser VC, Phillips PM, Morgan DL, Sills RC: Carbon disulfide neurotoxicity in rats: VII. Toxicol Lett. 1986 Dec;34(2-3):175-83.

The neurobehavioral consequences of inhalational exposure to carbon disulfide (CS2) were evaluated as part of a joint project between the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the U.S.
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9325213 Price B, Bergman TS, Rodrí, guez M, Henrich RT, Moran EJ: A Review of Carbon Disulfide Exposure Data and the Association between Carbon Disulfide Exposure and Ischemic Heart Disease Mortality. Neurotoxicology. 1998 Feb;19(1):89-97.

Recent regulatory efforts have devoted attention to carbon disulfide (CS2) exposure and its potential effects on the cardiovascular system.
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14646298 Krstev S, Perunicic B, Farkic B, Banicevic R: Neuropsychiatric effects in workers with occupational exposure to carbon disulfide. J Occup Health. 2003 Mar;45(2):81-7.

In a cross-sectional study, prevalence of dysfunctions of the central nervous system was assessed in 134 male workers exposed to different levels of carbon disulfide (CS2) in a rayon viscose plant and compared to 38 non-exposed workers.
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12712711 Wang C, Bi Y, Tan X, Yan J: [Serum sex hormone and urinary metabolites of male workers exposed to carbon disulfide]. Am J Ind Med. 1998 May;33(5):478-84.

Serum luteotropic hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolectin (PRL) and testosterone (T) were determined by radioimmunoassay methods in 50 workers exposed to carbon disulfide (CS2) in a viscose rayon factory.
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8107554 Sinczuk-Walczak H: [Certain diagnostic-certification problems in workers exposed chronically to carbon disulfide]. Med Pr. 1993;44(5):415-21.

A chronic exposure to carbon disulfide (CS2) ranged from 19.4 to 23.4 years, on average.
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17147956 Chuang WL, Huang CC, Chen CJ, Hsieh YC, Kuo HC, Shih TS: Carbon disulfide encephalopathy: cerebral microangiopathy. . Neurotoxicology. 2007 Mar;28(2):387-93. Epub 2006 Dec 4.

To understand cerebral blood circulation after long-term exposure to carbon disulfide (CS2), four patients with encephalopathy and polyneuropathy, who had worked in a viscose rayon plant, were studied.
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3785515 Rebert CS, Becker E: Effects of inhaled carbon disulfide on sensory-evoked potentials of Long-Evans rats. Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol. 1986 Sep-Oct;8(5):533-41.

Peripheral nerve conduction time and parameters of potentials evoked from brain by somatosensory, auditory, and visual stimulation were studied as a function of the concentration of carbon disulfide (CS2) chronically inhaled by female Long-Evans rats.
82(1,1,1,2) Details
3432735 Mizutani T, Nomura H, Nakanishi K, Fujita S: Effects of drug metabolism modifiers on pulegone-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Occup Environ Med. 1998 Jul;55(7):468-72.

Treatments of mice with the cytochrome P-450 enzyme inhibitors, SKF-525A, metyrapone, piperonyl butoxide, and carbon disulfide (CS2), prevented or markedly alleviated the hepatotoxicity of pulegone.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
2802672 Simmons JE, Sloane RA, Van Stee EW: Hepatic cholesterol metabolism following exposure to carbon disulfide in phenobarbital-treated rats. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1989 Sep;18(5):678-87.

Male F344 rats were exposed either to 1.87 mg/L (600 ppm) carbon disulfide (CS2) for 6 hr/day by inhalation for 1, 2, or 3 consecutive days, or to 0.1% phenobarbital (PB) in the drinking water starting 5 days before exposure to CS2, or to both.
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11061482 Kim JS, Lim HS, Cheong HK, Cho S, Choi BS, Kim R, Park SI, Lim MK: Validity and cost-effectiveness of diagnostic procedures in CS2 poisoning. Med Pr. 1981;32(5):331-5.

To determine relatively useful diagnostic procedures of carbon disulfide (CS2) poisoning in terms of validity and cost-effectiveness, several diagnostic tests are evaluated on 1,552 people by prevalence ratio (exposed/nonexposed), dose-response relationship, sensitivity and specificity, and the cost of the tests.
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10665994 Tsai ML, Chang JH, Huang BM, Liu MY: In vivo exposure to carbon disulfide increases the contraction frequency of pregnant rat uteri through an indirect pathway. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1997 Aug;26(1 Pt 1):119-28.

Exposure to CS2, an organic solvent, is associated with an increased rate of abnormal labor or dysmenorrhea.
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11995827 Adamson DT, Parkin GF: Product distribution during transformation of multiple contaminants by a high-rate, tetrachlorethene-dechlorinating enrichment culture. Biodegradation. 2001;12(5):337-48.

Both CT and PCE were readily dechlorinated, although significant carbon disulfide (CS2) formation was observed during CT transformation.
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7627318 Chu CC, Huang CC, Chen RS, Shih TS: Polyneuropathy induced by carbon disulphide in viscose rayon workers. Occup Environ Med. 1995 Jun;52(6):404-7.


OBJECTIVES: To understand the prevalence of polyneuropathy and correlations among the clinical manifestations, electrophysiological findings, and degree of exposure to carbon disulphide (CS2) in workers who were exposed to variable concentrations of CS2 in a viscose rayon factory.
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19780080 Kuchenbeiser G, Soleilhavoup M, Donnadieu B, Bertrand G: Reactivity of cyclic (alkyl)(amino) carbenes (CAACs) and bis (amino) cyclopropenylidenes (BACs) with heteroallenes: comparisons with their N-heterocyclic carbene (NHCs) counterparts. Chem Asian J. 2009 Nov 2;4(11):1745-50.

Although all carbenes react with carbon disulfide to give the corresponding betaines, a second equivalent of CS2 reacts with the BAC-CS2 leading to a bicyclic thieno [2,3-diamino]-1,3-dithiole-2-thione, which results from a novel ring expansion process.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
1006231 Boss D, Sauter A, Cornu F: [Abstinence behavior and plasma concentration of disulfiram in alcoholics after esperal implantation]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1976 Aug 7;106(32):1074-7.

The blood levels of disulfiram and its metabolites, carbon disulfide (CS2) and reduced disulfiram (diethyldithiocarbamate) were determined and the blood levels of patients with implants were compared with those of patients receiving disulfiram orally.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
3766260 Rubin RJ, Kroll R: Further evidence for a role of isozymes of P450 in the metabolism and toxicity of carbon disulfide (CS2). Z Gesamte Exp Med. 1957;128(3):314-28.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
6677076 Rychtarik RG, Smith PO, Jones SL, Doerfler L, Hale R, Prue DM: Assessing disulfiram compliance: validational study of an abbreviated breath test procedure. Addict Behav. 1983;8(4):361-8.

An abbreviated breath test for detecting the disulfiram metabolite carbon disulfide (CS2) was evaluated in an analogue investigation of the sensitivity of the test in identifying disulfiram and non-disulfiram intake in a group of 14 alcoholic inpatients.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
10367350 Lewis JG, Graham DG, Valentine WM, Morris RW, Morgan DL, Sills RC: Exposure of C57BL/6 mice to carbon disulfide induces early lesions of atherosclerosis and enhances arterial fatty deposits induced by a high fat diet. Toxicol Sci. 1999 May;49(1):124-32.

There is considerable epidemiological evidence that workers exposed to carbon disulfide (CS2) have increased rates of ACVD, and there is conflicting evidence of the atherogenic potential of CS2 from animal studies.
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1886534 Clerici WJ, Fechter LD: Effects of chronic carbon disulfide inhalation on sensory and motor function in the rat. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1991 May-Jun;13(3):249-55.

Chronic carbon disulfide (CS2) exposure produces debilitating motor, sensory and neuropsychiatric consequences in humans.
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11603128 Braeckman L, Kotseva K, Duprez D, De Bacquer D, De Buyzere M, Van De Veire N, Vanhoorne M: Vascular changes in workers exposed to carbon disulfide. . Ann Acad Med Singapore. 2001 Sep;30(5):475-80.

AIM: To assess the effects of occupational exposure to carbon disulfide (CS2) concentrations below the threshold limit value (31 mg/m3) on the structural and the functional properties of the arteries, heart rate, blood pressure and lipids.
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11924963 Kim H, Nochetto C, McConnell LL: Gas-phase analysis of trimethylamine, propionic and butyric acids, and sulfur compounds using solid-phase microextraction. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2001 Jan;74(1):38-42.

A 75-microm carboxen-poly (dimethylsiloxane) (Car-PDMS) coating was used for trimethylamine (TMA), carbon disulfide (CS2), dimethylsulfide (DMS), and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), and an 85-microm polyacrylate coating was used for propionic acid (PA) and butyric acid (BA).
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12674553 Fonte R, Edallo A, Candura SM: Cerebellar atrophy as a delayed manifestation of chronic carbon disulfide poisoning. Ind Health. 2003 Jan;41(1):43-7.

A 70-year-old man developed a slowly progressive cerebellar syndrome after having been exposed to carbon disulfide (CS2) in a viscose rayon plant for 27 years.
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605628 El-Dessoukey EA, Awadallah R, Mikhail TH: Serum enzyme changes associated with carbon disulfide hepatotoxicity in experimental animals. Z Ernahrungswiss. 1977 Dec;16(4):262-7.

Serum GOT and GPT activities were elevated which may be due to CS2 effect on cell membrane permeability.
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1153192 Raulin F, Toupance G: Formation of prebiochemical compounds in models of the primitive earth's atmosphere. Orig Life. 1975 Jan-Apr;6(1-2):91-7.


CS2 is formed in high yield (a few percent) in mixtures containing 40-50% of H2S, while the maximum concentration of thiols (i.e., CH3SH and C2H5SH) is reached with lower percentages of H2S.
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3965012 Nurminen M, Hernberg S: Effects of intervention on the cardiovascular mortality of workers exposed to carbon disulphide: a 15 year follow up. Br J Ind Med. 1985 Jan;42(1):32-5.


The cardiovascular mortality of a cohort of 343 Finnish men exposed for at least five years to carbon disulphide (CS2) in a viscose rayon plant has been monitored prospectively from 1967 to 1982.
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613216 Pozzoli L, Berri A: [Determination of CS2 vapors by the technic of adsorption on activated charcoal] Med Pr. 1982;33(1-3):39-43.

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3487513 De Rouck A, De Laey JJ, Van Hoorne M, Pahtak A, Devuyst A: Chronic carbon disulphide poisoning: a 4 year follow-up study of the ophthalmological signs. J Chem Phys. 2007 Apr 21;126(15):154320.


They were divided into two groups, group A included workers exposed to relatively high CS2 levels (at least 50 mg/m3), group B working in the relatively safe bleaching division.
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9778308 Erve JC, Amarnath V, Sills RC, Morgan DL, Valentine WM: Characterization of a valine-lysine thiourea cross-link on rat globin produced by carbon disulfide or N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate in vivo. Chem Res Toxicol. 1998 Oct;11(10):1128-36.

Previous in vivo studies have supported protein cross-linking by CS2 as both a mechanism of neurotoxicity and a potential biomarker of effect through the detection of a structure responsible for CS2-mediated protein cross-linking, namely, lysine-lysine thiourea.
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6100101 Hirata M, Sugimoto K, Misumi J, Goto S, Gu XQ, Liang YX, Jin XP, Gu SW, Chen ZQ, Ding ZL, et al.: A neurophysiological study among Chinese CS2-exposed workers. G Ital Med Lav. 1984 May-Jul;6(3-4):107-11.

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13434207 ISLER UM: [Renal changes in chronic carbon disulfide poisoning in rats; contribution to the problem of vascular toxicity of CS2.] Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol. 1986 Sep-Oct;8(5):543-9.
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7591185 Drexler H, Ulm K, Hubmann M, Hardt R, Goen T, Mondorf W, Lang E, Angerer J, Lehnert G: Carbon disulphide. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1995;67(4):243-52.


To evaluate risk factors for coronary heart disease and factors which can influence the course of acute myocardial infarction in workers exposed to CS2 we performed a cross-sectional study of 247 workers in the viscose industry.
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12703678 Chang HY, Chou TC, Wang PY, Shih TS: Biological monitoring of carbon disulphide: kinetics of urinary 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TTCA) in exposed workers. Toxicol Ind Health. 2002 Feb;18(1):1-14.


The objectives of this study was to establish the kinetics of urinary 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (U-TTCA) for workers exposed to carbon disulphide (CS2) and to investigate the effects of volume and creatinine adjustment methods for urine measurement.
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857345 Savolainen H, Jarvisalo J, Elovaara E, Vainio H: The binding of CS2 in central nervous system of control and phenobarbitone-pretreated rats. Arch Toxicol Suppl. 1980;4:252-4.

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11991492 Zhou C, Xie D, Chen R, Yan G, Guo H, Tyng V, Kellman ME: Quantum calculation of highly excited vibrational energy levels of CS2 (X) on a new empirical potential energy surface and semiclassical analysis of 1:2 Fermi resonance. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2002 Mar 1;58(4):727-46.

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7644689 Chrostek Maj J, Czeczotko B: The evaluation of the health state of the workers occupationally exposed to low concentration of carbon disulphide (CS2). Med Pr. 1977;28(1):1-5.

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12552705 Zhang AL, Zhou JT, Wang D, Lin W, Xiang XM: [A gas chromatographic method to decrease the detection limit of trace benzene in CS2 extract]. Neurol Neurochir Pol. 1990 May-Aug;24(3-4):164-71.

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12525096 Wang C, Tan X, Bi Y, Yan J: [Study on FM100-HUE color vision in male workers exposed to lower concentration of carbon disulfide]. Chem Biol Interact. 1992 Feb;81(3):271-89.

The effect of CS2 on color vision in workers exposed to CS2 was explored.
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12524110 Lengele M, Lerot C, Blanquet G, Walrand J, Bouanich JP: Pressure broadening study of carbon disulfide for atmospheric detection. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2003 Feb;59(3):417-20.

Preliminary results for collisional broadening are reported for two lines P (8) and R (32) of the nu3-nu1 band of CS2 in mixture with O2 and air.
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6485023 Opacka J, Baranski B, Wronska-Nofer T: Effect of alcohol intake on some disturbances induced by chronic exposure to carbon disulphide in rats. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1984 Oct;36(4):520-6.


Female white Wistar rats were exposed to CS2 vapour (0.8 mg CS2/1 air) 11 months and to 10% ethanol as the only drinking liquid for the last 3 months of exposure.
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6100103 Siegers CP, Younes M: Protection by diethyldithiocarbamate, a CS2-liberating agent, against different models of experimentally-induced liver injury. Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2007 Jul;28(7):1627-31.

In experimental animals, diethyldithiocarbamate as well as carbon disulfide exert antihepatotoxic effects in different models of chemically-induced liver injury like carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, bromobenzene, dimethyl nitrosamine, furosemide, D-galactosamine, paracetamol, thioacetamide and trichloroethylene.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
745540 Cwajda H, Woyke M: [Influence of carbon disulfide on hemostasis in rabbits. Med Pr. 1978;29(5):387-91.

The authors suggest that these findings depend on the changed lipid metabolism and on the direct antagonistic influence of CS2 on coagulation and fibrynolysis agents.
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5197873 Glinska D, Gregorczyk J, Panowicz H: [Studies of the effect of carbon disulfide on the metabolism and visceral changes in the experimental animals. 2. Patol Pol. 1969 Oct-Dec;20(4):419-27.

Blood sugar levels, liver glycogen and adsorption of glucose from the intestine in vitro in rats after intraperitoneal injection of CS2]
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9469802 Kaiser RI, Ochsenfeld C, Head-Gordon M, Lee YT: The formation of HCS and HCSH molecules and their role in the collision of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 with Jupiter. Science. 1998 Feb 20;279(5354):1181-4.


In the shocked jovian atmosphere, HCS could further decompose to H and CS, and CS could react with SH and OH to yield the observed CS2 and COS.
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5559993 Campiglio A: [Study of the microdetermination of oxygen according to Unterzaucher in sulfur containing organic substances. Farmaco Sci. 1971 Apr;26(4):333-48.


Use of physical methods for removing CS2 and COS from the pyrolysis gases]
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4821455 Magos L, Green A, Jarvis JA: Half life of CS2 in rats in relation to its effect on brain catecholamines. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1995;67(1):5-10.

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5377907 Szymanska B, Szmatloch E: [Certain problems connected with clinical observations of workers exposed to prolonged action of CS2] Cancer. 1977 Nov;40(5 Suppl):2436-45.

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2833458 Eskin TA, Merigan WH, Wood RW: Carbon disulfide effects on the visual system. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1988 Apr;29(4):519-27.

Five monkeys were exposed to 256 ppm carbon disulfide (CS2) by inhalation for 6 hr a day, 5 days a week.
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16494383 Cheng P, Koyanagi GK, Bohme DK: Carbon disulfide reactions with atomic transition-metal and main-group cations: gas-phase room-temperature kinetics and periodicities in reactivity. J Phys Chem A. 2006 Mar 2;110(8):2718-28.

The reactions of 46 atomic-metal cations with CS2 have been investigated at room temperature using an inductively-coupled plasma/selected-ion flow tube (ICP/SIFT) tandem mass spectrometer.
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3841135 Wilkie IW, Seawright AA, Hrdlicka J: The hepatotoxicity of carbon disulphide in sheep. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol. 1988 Jul;61(1):65-82.


Carbon Disulphide (CS2) caused liver injury when dosed orally (intraruminally) at 0.05 ml per kg body weight to overnight fasted sheep which had been given 200 mg kg-1 DDT intraruminally 1 week previously to enhance the hepatic mixed function oxygenases.
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2131409 Langauer-Lewowicka H, Zajac-Nedza M, Kazibutowska Z, Liska A: [Value of multimodal evoked potentials in the assessment of the neurotoxic effects of carbon disulphide]. Acta Neuropathol. 1976 Nov 15;36(3):251-7.


Central nervous system dysfunction among CS2-exposed workers was studied by measuring short latency SSEPs and VEPs.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
1490493 Krstev S, Perunicic B, Farkic B: The effects of long-term occupational exposure to carbon disulphide on serum lipids. Environ Sci Technol. 2007 Jul 1;41(13):4607-12.


The aim of our investigation was to study the serum lipid levels in workers exposed to different CS2 levels to establish possible exposure-response relationships.
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14985517 Nishiwaki Y, Takebayashi T, O'Uchi T, Nomiyama T, Uemura T, Sakurai H, Omae K: Six year observational cohort study of the effect of carbon disulphide on brain MRI in rayon manufacturing workers. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1993 Jul;121(1):71-7.


AIMS: To clarify whether the current occupational exposure limit (OEL) for carbon disulphide (CS2) is low enough to prevent the occurrence of adverse effects on the cerebrovascular system.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
2038856 Winkelmann H, Prosch J, Engewald W, Horn K: [Carbon disulfide excretion in urine--a biological exposure test for the workplace and environmental concentration ranges]. Z Gesamte Hyg. 1991 Mar;37(3):102-4.

The biological control procedure for carbon disulphide (CS2), the determination of free and bound CS2 in urine--a procedure already applied to hygienic surveillance--were modified by using gas chromatography and sulphide selective detection (FPD).
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6413696 Wagar G, Tolonen M, Tanner P, Helpio E: Serum gonadotropins and testosterone in men occupationally exposed to carbon disulfide. J Comput Chem. 2002 Feb;23(3):414-9.

Serum levels of gonadotropins and testosterone were determined for 69 men exposed to CS2 in viscose rayon production and for 22 nonexposed male controls.
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2207029 Ruijten MW, Salle HJ, Verberk MM, Muijser H: Special nerve functions and colour discrimination in workers with long term low level exposure to carbon disulphide. Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2002 Mar;23(2):23-8.


Certain functions of the peripheral and autonomic nervous systems, and colour discrimination were examined in 45 workers (mean age 49; mean exposure to carbon disulphide (CS2) 20 years) and 37 controls (mean age 48).
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3868375 Lehotzky K, Szeberenyi JM, Ungvary G, Kiss A: Behavioural effects of prenatal exposure to carbon disulphide and to aromatol in rats. Arch Toxicol Suppl. 1985;8:442-6.


Development of gait, motor coordination, and activity, avoidance learning and swimming were tested in the offspring of CFY rat mothers, exposed to CS2 inhalation (0, less than 10, 700 and 2000 mg/m3) and to Aromatol (0, 600, 1000 and 2000 mg/m3) on days 7-15 gestation.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
1435245 Sikora A, Langauer-Lewowicka H: [Evaluation of mental functions in workers exposed to metallic mercury, inorganic lead and carbon disulfide]. Med Pr. 1992;43(2):109-21.

The subjects were supposed to the chronically intoxicated with Hg (27 persons), Pb (40 persons) and CS2 (40 persons).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
7184939 Freundt KJ, Romer KG, Kamal AM: The inhibitory action of dithiocarbamates and carbon disulphide on malondialdehyde formation resulting from lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes. J Appl Toxicol. 1981 Aug;1(4):215-9.


Carbon disulphide (CS2) inhibited the enzymatic and non-enzymatic stimulated microsomal LPO by 4 orders less than the DTCs.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
6611171 Oliver LC, Weber RP: Chest pain in rubber chemical workers exposed to carbon disulphide and methaemoglobin formers. Przegl Lek. 1995;52(5):249-51.


A cross sectional prevalence study of chest pain in 94 rubber chemical workers exposed to carbon disulphide (CS2) and methaemoglobin forming aromatic amines was carried out.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
3587516 Niewiadomska M, Pilkowska E, Wochnik-Dyjas D: [Comparison of electrophysiologic changes in persons with alcoholic polyneuropathy and polyneuropathy caused by carbon disulfide]. Neurol Neurochir Pol. 1986 Sep-Oct;20(5):453-60.

The cause of a slower rate of changes in the CS2 group seems to be related to a more gradual exposure to the damaging agent, while in alcohol-dependence the toxic agent has a more acute action, with remissions during abstinence and exacerbations during increased alcohol consumption.
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7456739 Boillat MA: [The iodine-azide test in low exposure to carbon disulfide] . Soz Praventivmed. 1980 Sep;25(4):203-4.

The iodine-azide test was performed on urine specimens of 28 workers exposed to CS2 (mean concentration 5-10 ppm) and of 17 control subjects.
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16408980 Wang GW, Li JX, Li YJ, Liu YC: Novel reactions of [60] fullerene with amino acid esters and carbon disulfide. J Org Chem. 2006 Jan 20;71(2):680-4.

[reaction: see text] Novel reactions of C60 with amino acid ester hydrochlorides and CS2 in the presence of Et3N affording fullerene derivatives 2 and 3 containing biologically active amino acids, thioamide, and thiourea units have been investigated.
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8733637 Tan X, Lameire N, De Bacquer D, Braeckman L, Vanhoorne M: CS2: another possible renal damaging solvent. J Chem Phys. 2006 Nov 14;125(18):184503.

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7284662 De Laey JJ, De Rouck A, Priem H, Vanhoorne M: Ophthalmological aspects of chronic CS2 intoxication. Int Arch Arbeitsmed. 1974 Jan 31;32(4):289-96.

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6242047 Schreiner E, Freundt KJ: Behaviour of epoxide hydrolase, glutathione S-transferase, alcohol dehydrogenase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase, respectively, under the influence of carbon disulfide studies with rats in vivo and in vitro. G Ital Med Lav. 1984 May-Jul;6(3-4):131-3.

The in-vitro findings with alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase support the view held in the literature that the alcohol intolerance observed after occupational CS2-exposure ("Antabuse syndrome"-like reaction) is due to an inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase by CS2-metabolites of the thiocarbamate type.
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1245593 Slover HT, Mason BS: Automated fatty acid analysis. Environ Sci Technol. 2004 Mar 15;38(6):1866-76.


Samples dissolved in CS2 are automatically injected and separated by temperature programmed gas chromatography.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3236035 Vanderstraeten P, Wauters E, Muylle E, Verduyn G, Vanderheyden E, Vansant EF: A continuous quantitative detection method for total mercaptans, organic sulphides, H2S, and CS2 for odouriferous emissions. Inorg Chem. 2008 Oct 20;47(20):9642-53. Epub 2008 Sep 24.

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3376132 Aaserud O, Gjerstad L, Nakstad P, Nyberg-Hansen R, Hommeren OJ, Tvedt B, Russell D, Rootwelt K: Neurological examination, computerized tomography, cerebral blood flow and neuropsychological examination in workers with long-term exposure to carbon disulfide. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1988 Jan;187(1):62-8.

Sixteen males, formerly exposed to carbon disulfide (CS2) for at least 10 years (mean 20 years), were administered a neurological examination, cerebral computerized tomography (CT), regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) examination and neuropsychological examination.
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2886301 Snyderwine EG, Hunter A: Metabolism and distribution of 14C- and 35S-labeled carbon disulfide in immature rats of different ages. Drug Metab Dispos. 1987 May-Jun;15(3):289-94.

The metabolism and distribution of 14C- and 35S-CS2 was examined in 1-, 5-, 10-, 20-, 30-, and 40-day-old rats.
7(0,0,0,7) Details
3570487 Rosier J, Veulemans H, Masschelein R, Vanhoorne M, Van Peteghem C: Experimental human exposure to carbon disulfide. Acta Neuropathol. 1984;63(3):255-63.

The respiratory uptake of carbon disulfide (mg CS2) proved significantly influenced by the amount of body fat estimated from skinfold thickness measurements.
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3570488 Rosier J, Veulemans H, Masschelein R, Vanhoorne M, Van Peteghem C: Experimental human exposure to carbon disulfide. Toxicology. 1978 Feb;9(1-2):103-7.

The excretion rate of TTCA (mumol TTCA h-1) was found to be the best parameter in evaluating the respiratory uptake of carbon disulfide over a range of 37.9 to 163.3 mg CS2 compared to the urinary concentration of TTCA (mole TTCA ml-1) or the creatinine corrected concentration of TTCA (mmol TTCA mol-1 creatinine).
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19791355 Hipler F, Fischer RA, Muller J: Matrix-isolation pyrolysis investigation of mercapto-functionalized 1,3,4-thiadiazoles: thermal stability of thiadiazole lubricant additives. Acta Neurol Scand. 2002 Nov;106(5):269-75.

Thermolysis of 2-(tert-butyldithio)-5-methyl-,3,4-thiadiazole (TB1) gave 2-methylpropene, isothiocyanic acid (HNCS), 2-mercapto-5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole (McMT), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), carbon disulfide (CS2), acetonitrile (CH3CN), and elemental sulfur S (x) [x = (2), 4, 6, 8].
6(0,0,1,1) Details
593140 Murawska T: [ECG picture in persons exposed to carbon disulfide] . G Ital Med Lav. 1984 May-Jul;6(3-4):123-5.

Electrocardiograms were examined in 121 persons exposed to carbon disulphide (CS2).
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8337701 Valentine WM, Graham DG, Anthony DC: Covalent cross-linking of erythrocyte spectrin by carbon disulfide in vivo. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol. 1986;59 Suppl 7:535-46.

Covalent cross-linking of proteins by CS2 has been demonstrated in vitro and represents a potential mechanism for the toxicity of this compound.
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470598 Wronska-Nofer T: [Various disorders of cholesterol metabolism and their effect on the development of experimental arteriosclerosis in rats exposed to carbon disulfide]. Med Pr. 1979;30(2):121-34.

Basing on the results of the author's own studies performed in a series of experiments in rats, the author discusses the mechanism of the atherosclerotic effect of CS2.
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8721625 Le JY, Fu XM: Human sperm chromosome analysis--study on human sperm chromosome mutagenesis induced by carbon disulfide. Biomed Environ Sci. 1996 Mar;9(1):37-40.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect CS2 of on human sperm chromosomal aberration.
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9471921 Pieleszek A: [The effect of carbon disulphide on menopause, concentration of monoamines, gonadotropins, estrogens and androgens in women]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 1999 May 30;28(3):132-3.


The women chronically exposed to CS2 had significantly more frequently headaches, weight gain and loss of libido (p < 0.001).
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944133 Magos L: The effect of carbon disulphide on the stereotypic effect of dopamine agonists. Eur J Pharmacol. 1976 Mar;36(1):257-8.


Exposure to CS2 increased the intensity of apomorphine-induced stereotypy in male rats without increasing the reaction time.
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6683828 Putz-Anderson V, Albright BE, Lee ST, Johnson BL, Chrislip DW, Taylor BJ, Brightwell WS, Dickerson N, Culver M, Zentmeyer D, Smith P: A behavioral examination of workers exposed to carbon disulfide. . Neurotoxicology. 1983 Spring;4(1):67-77.

Of the workers studied 131 had worked at least one year in a rayon plant where there were CS2 exposures of varying degree, but generally below 20 ppm, which is the U.S. occupational exposure limit.
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5145764 Herbig C: [Psychological studies on the effect of CS2 dependent upon the sex of the exposed workers] Z Gesamte Hyg. 1971 Nov;17(11):831-4.

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911917 Krasnovskii AA Jr: [Photoluminescence of singlet oxygen in solutions of chlorophylls and pheophytins]. Biofizika. 1977 Sep-Oct;22(5):927-8.


With the use of mechanical phosphoroscopes the photoinduced luminescence of singlet oxygen (1270 nm) have been found in air saturated solutions of chlorophyll a, bacteriochlorophyll a, protochlorophyll and pheophytins in CCl4, CS2, and freon 112.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
5606398 Salvadeo A, Catenacci G, Maugeri U: [Validity and limits of iodo-azide test for the evaluation of the exposure to CS2] Med Lav. 1967 Apr;58(4):245-9.

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17115761 Heisler IA, Correia RR, Cunha SL: Molecular dynamics investigation with the time resolved optical Kerr effect on the CS2-C6H6 mixtures. Am J Ind Med. 1990;18(1):25-37.

The samples studied were the mixtures of carbon disulfide (CS (2)) with benzene (C (6) H (6)).
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894854 Paulson SM, Krause S, Iber FL: Development and evaluation of a compliance test for patients taking disulfiram. Johns Hopkins Med J. 1977 Sep;141(3):119-25.

A breath test for carbon disulfide, a major excretion product of disulfiram, is described and evaluated.
Excretion of CS2 falls rapidly (half life 8 to 18 hours), so that 20 to 30 hours following the last dose of disulfiram the test becomes negative.
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6534772 Cicolella A, Vincent R: Workplace pollution in two viscose plants. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2007 Feb;74(2):439-46. Epub 2006 Nov 7.


The CS2 and H2S pollution was evaluated in two viscose plants: a sponge factory and a rayon spinning mill.
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12455269 Tan X, Peng X, Wang F, Joyeux M, Hartemann P: Cardiovascular effects of carbon disulfide: meta-analysis of cohort studies. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2002 Oct;205(6):473-7.

Objectives were to review the evidence of cardiovascular effects of carbon disulfide (CS2) on exposed workers from different cohort studies.
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6636890 Herrmann G, Leuschke W, Viehrig J: [Inhaled uptake of carbon disulfide - studies of CS2-uptake under dosed dynamic load] J Chem Phys. 2006 Feb 28;124(8):084312.
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17134958 Wronska-Nofer T, Nofer JR, Stetkiewicz J, Wierzbicka M, Bolinska H, Fobker M, Schulte H, Assmann G, von Eckardstein A: Evidence for oxidative stress at elevated plasma thiol levels in chronic exposure to carbon disulfide (CS2) and coronary heart disease. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1975 Sep;36(9):669-76.
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11054160 Hartikainen T, Ruuskanen J, Raty K, Von Wright A, Martikainen PJ: Physiology and taxonomy of thiobacillus strain TJ330, which oxidizes carbon disulphide (CS2). J Appl Microbiol. 2000 Oct;89(4):580-6.

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7092938 Moore L: Carbon disulfide hepatoxicity and inhibition of liver microsome calcium pump. Biochem Pharmacol. 1982 Apr 1;31(7):1465-7.

This work has shown that CS2 promptly inhibits the liver ER calcium pump only in those animals that subsequently develop hepatic necrosis.
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223622 Knobloch K, Stetkiewicz J, Wronska-Nofer T: Conduction velocity in the peripheral nerves of rats with chronic carbon disulphide neuropathy. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1987;59(3):233-42.


Effects of carbon disulphide (CS2) on conduction velocity in sciatic and tibial nerve were investigated in rats exposed to CS2 vapour at concentrations of 0.9 mg/l or 1.6 mg/l of air for periods of 1.5, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months.
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7997146 Pieleszek A, Stanosz S: [Effect of carbon disulfide on menopause in women] . Med Pr. 1994;45(5):383-91.

Menopause was present in 16.59% of women chronically exposed to CS2 as compared with 8.05% of the normal population.
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2085038 Herrmann G, Leuschke W, Viehrig J: [Evaluation of the biological exposure test "CS2 in urine"] . Arch Toxicol. 2002 Apr;76(3):152-7. Epub 2002 Feb 20.

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6534775 Westberg H, Jansson L, Andersson K: A charcoal sampling method and a colorimetric analytical procedure for carbon disulfide. Occup Med. 2000 Jan;50(1):43-7.

The methods were validated at relevant concentration of CS2.
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10630876 Inomata Y, Matsunaga K, Murai Y, Osada K, Iwasaka Y: Simultaneous measurement of volatile sulfur compounds using ascorbic acid for oxidant removal and gas chromatography-flame photometric detection. J Chromatogr A. 1999 Dec 9;864(1):111-9.


A method for the simultaneous measurement of volatile sulfur compounds (COS, H2S, CS2, CH3SH, DMS) is established with preconcentration and GC-flame photometric detection (FPD).
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2246068 van Poucke L, van Peteghem C, Vanhoorne M: Accumulation of carbon disulphide metabolites. . Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1990;62(6):479-82.


Biological monitoring for carbon disulphide (CS2) exposure performed using the iodine-azide test (IAT) and 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TTCA) test in urinalysis of workers with high exposure to CS2 (112-142 mg/m3, n = 34), workers with low exposure (4-7 mg/m3, n = 16), and non-exposed university workers (n = 10).
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7842240 Stanosz S, Kuligowski D, Pieleszek A, Zuk E, Rzechula D, Chlubek D: Concentration of dopamine in plasma, activity of dopamine beta-hydroxylase in serum and urinary excretion of free catecholamines and vanillylmandelic acid in women chronically exposed to carbon disulphide. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 1994;7(3):257-61.


It was found that women chronically exposed to CS2 showed significantly lower levels of dopamine and lower activities of DBH (p < 0.001), significantly lower urinary excretion of adrenaline (p < 0.001), but insignificantly lower excretion of noradrenaline and vanillylmandelic acid.
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4719763 Seawright AA, Mattocks AR: Effect of pretreatment with phenobarbitone and CS2 on lesions caused in the mouse by 3-hydroxymethyl furan (N,N-diethyl)-carbamate. J Pathol. 1973 Jan;109(1):Pxiv.

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4456166 Kuljak S, Stern P, Ratkovic D: Contribution of the action of CS2 in the central nervous system. Med Pr. 1984;35(3):217-21.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
1227288 McCammon CS Jr, Quinn PM, Kupel RE: A charcoal sampling method and a gas chromatographic analytical procedure for carbon disulfide. J Occup Environ Med. 1996 May;38(5):463-4.

The CS2 was adsorbed on charcoal tubes, eluted with benzene, and quantitated with a gas chromatography equipped with a sulfer flame photometric detector.
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645972 Faiman MD, Haya K, Ewing JA: Disulfiram and CS2 toxicity. Biochem Pharmacol. 1983 Nov 1;32(21):3127-35.

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5989936 Colicchio G, Fimiani R, Silvestroni A, Graziani G: [The iodo-azide test in subjects exposed to the risk of CS2 intoxication] Folia Med. 1966 Jun;49(6):426-32.

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146386 Sidorowicz W, Zatonski W, Andrzejak R, Smolik R: The effect of CS2 on red cells metabolism. Med Lav. 1996 Jan-Feb;87(1):29-34.

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7794896 Sato H, Uehara K, Ishii T, Ozaki Y: FT-IR and near-infrared FT-Raman study of aggregation of bacteriochlorophyll c in solutions: evidence for involvement of the ester group in the aggregation. Biochemistry. 1995 Jun 20;34(24):7854-60.

Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), and near-infrared (NIR)-excited FT-Raman spectra have been measured for bacteriochlorophyll c (BChl-c) in acetone, tetrahydrofuran (THF), pyridine-d5, carbon disulfide (CS2), and water-saturated carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) to investigate its aggregation in vitro.
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3785516 Rebert CS, Sorenson SS, Pryor GT: Effects of intraperitoneal carbon disulfide on sensory-evoked potentials of Fischer-344 rats. Neurotoxicology. 1998 Feb;19(1):147-57.

Sensory-evoked potentials (EPs) were studied in male Fischer-344 rats to characterize the electrophysiologic concomitants of carbon disulfide (CS2) neurotoxicity.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
15740263 Thiery MM, Rerat C: Calculation of crystal and molecular structures of carbon disulfide CS2. . J Chem Phys. 2005 Jan 22;122(4):44503.
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402793 Jarvisalo J, Savolainen H, Elovaara E, Vainio H: The in vivo toxicity of CS2 to liver microsomes: binding of labelled CS2 and changes of the microsomal enzyme activities. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol. 1977 Feb;40(2):329-36.

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9342625 Reinhardt F, Drexler H, Bickel A, Claus D, Ulm K, Angerer J, Lehnert G, Neundorfer B: Electrophysiological investigation of central, peripheral and autonomic nerve function in workers with long-term low-level exposure to carbon disulphide in the viscose industry. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1997;70(4):249-56.


OBJECTIVE: Neurotoxicity of carbon disulphide (CS2) is well known.
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14761353 Luo H, Li Y, Wang FJ, Chen XQ, Tan XD: [Urinary excretion pattern of 2-thio-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in workers exposed to carbon disulfide]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2003 Dec;21(6):426-8.

OBJECTIVE: To study the urinary excretion pattern for of 2-thio-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TTCA) in workers exposed to CS2, so as to provide experimental basis for working out biomonitoring measures for short-term exposure to CS2.
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17629546 Fang HJ, Hou HQ, Xia LY, Shu XH, Zhang RX: A combined plasma photolysis (CPP) method for removal of CS2 from gas streams at atmospheric pressure. Chemosphere. 2007 Nov;69(11):1734-9. Epub 2007 Jul 16.

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2984807 Opacka J, Wronska-Nofer T, Kolakowski J, Opalska B: Effect of alcohol intake on some disturbances induced by chronic exposure to carbon disulphide in rats. J Occup Med. 1974 Jul;16(7):449-53.


The effect of chronic ethanol (EtOH) administration on CS2-induced peripheral neuropathy in rats was studied.
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2588708 Herrmann G, Leuschke W, Viehrig J: [Inhalation of carbon disulfide--studies of carbon disulfide uptake in dynamic dose administration lasting 4 hours]. Z Gesamte Hyg. 1989 Sep;35(9):537-41.

Experiments of CS2 inhalation were accomplished with both constant loads at the ergometer combined with constant concentration of inhalation and discontinuous offered doses combined with various physical loads during 240 minutes.
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7698906 Stanosz S, Kuligowski D, Zuk E, Rzechula D, Kosciuszkiewicz B, Chlubek D: The pattern of some lipid fractions in the serum of women chronically exposed to carbon disulfide. Ind Health. 1994;32(3):183-6.

The study group included 237 women, age 42.9 +/- 5.1 years, chronically exposed to 5 to 7 ppm level of CS2, monitored daily using a spectrophotometric method.
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1399011 Vanhoorne M, Blancke V, De Bacquer D, Depoorter AM, Bogaert M: Use of pharmaceuticals in industrial workers--possible implications for epidemiological studies. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1992;64(1):25-30.


A total of 129 workers exposed to carbon disulphide (CS2) and 81 non-exposed controls were asked about their current use of pharmaceuticals, using a self-administered questionnaire.
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12895098 Gandhi T, Nethaji M, Jagirdar BR: Utilization of CS2 as a source of C1 chemistry for the generation of methyldithioformate. Inorg Chem. 2003 Aug 11;42(16):4798-800.

This is a novel case of C (1) chemistry using carbon disulfide.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
6169975 Bobnis W, Kosmider K, Millo B, Wojcicki J: [Blood serum glycoproteins in men exposed to carbon disulfide] . Med Pr. 1980;31(6):489-92.

In 48 men occupationally exposed to CS2 the following glycoproteins were estimated in blood serum, using radial immunodiffusion on M-Partigen plates: alpha1-acid glycoprotein, alpha1-antitrypsin, alpha2-HS-glycoprotein, alpha2-macroglobulin, Gc glycoprotein, hemopexin, haptoglobin, ceruluplasmin and beta2-glycoprotein I.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16392857 Rode JE, Dobrowolski JC: Reaction paths of the [2+2] cycloaddition of X=C=Y molecules (X, Y=S or O or CH2). J Phys Chem A. 2006 Jan 12;110(1):207-18.


Cycloadditions of allene and CO2, CS2, or OCS lead in part to the same four-membered products as dimerizations of either ketene or thioketene or addition of ketene and thioketene, respectively.
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9072959 Weaver HA, Feldman PD, A'Hearn MF, Arpigny C, Brandt JC, Festou MC, Haken M, McPhate JB, Stern SA, Tozzi GP: The activity and size of the nucleus of comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 O1) [see comment]. Science. 1997 Mar 28;275(5308):1900-4.


The International Ultraviolet Explorer and HST spectra showed emissions from OH (a tracer of H2O) and CS (a tracer of CS2) starting in April 1996, and from the CO Cameron system (which primarily traces CO2) starting in June 1996.
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3472027 Laurman W, Wronska-Nofer T: Serum lipid and lipoprotein-cholesterol in rats jointly exposed to carbon disulphide and ethanol. Med Pr. 1986;37(6):337-41.


Alterations of serum lipid and lipoprotein levels due to chronic CS2 intoxication included an increase in the concentration of triglicerides, total serum cholesterol, LDL + VLDL cholesterol and a decrease in the HDL/(LDL + VLDL) cholesterol ratio.
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3798477 Gagnaire F, Simon P, Bonnet P, De Ceaurriz J: The influence of simultaneous exposure to carbon disulfide and hydrogen sulfide on the peripheral nerve toxicity and metabolism of carbon disulfide in rats. Yonsei Med J. 1999 Jun;40(3):265-72.

Three groups of 10 male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed daily, 5 days a week for 25 weeks, either to 500 ppm carbon disulfide (CS2), 50 ppm hydrogen sulfide (H2S), or to both of them as a mixture and were periodically examined for sensory and motor tail nerve conduction velocity (SNCV, MNCV).
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10669001 Sills RC, Valentine WM, Moser V, Graham DG, Morgan DL: Characterization of carbon disulfide neurotoxicity in C57BL6 mice: behavioral, morphologic, and molecular effects. Br J Ind Med. 1990 Sep;47(9):589-95.

Female C57BL6 mice were exposed to 0 or 800 ppm carbon disulfide (CS2), 6 h/d, 5 d/wk for 20 weeks.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
9498228 Sills RC, Harry GJ, Morgan DL, Valentine WM, Graham DG: Carbon disulfide neurotoxicity in rats: V. Neurotoxicology. 1998 Feb;19(1):117-27.

The study objectives were to examine the morphological progression and dose response of carbon disulfide (CS2) distal axonopathy in the muscular branch of the posterior tibial nerve (MBPTN) and spinal cord.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
9007038 Valentine WM, Amarnath V, Graham DG, Morgan DL, Sills RC: CS2-mediated cross-linking of erythrocyte spectrin and neurofilament protein: dose response and temporal relationship to the formation of axonal swellings. Chem Res Toxicol. 1992 Jul-Aug;5(4):496-504.

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7571868 Friedrichs K, Winkeler HD, Gerhards P: [Determination of dithiocarbamate residues in foodstuff by head space gas chromatography and flame photometric detection]. Z Lebensm Unters Forsch. 1995 Jul;201(1):69-73.

The dithiocarbamates are treated with tin-(II)-chloride and determined quantitatively as carbon disulfide (CS2).
6(0,0,1,1) Details
1131340 Cunningham VJ: Effects of a single exposure to carbon disulphide on the rate of urea production and on plasma free fatty acid and glucose concentrations in the rat. Br J Ind Med. 1975 May;32(2):140-6.


At the same time plasma urea concentration was significantly higher in CS2-treated rats.
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10771749 Ghittori S, Abatangelo L, Imbriani M: [Biologic monitoring of carbon disulfide: role of glutathione] . G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 1999 Oct-Dec;21(4):341-6.

Four metabolites have been identified in the urines of CS2 exposed subjects, exactly: thiocarbamide, 2-mercaptothiazolinone, 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TTCA), 2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid.
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6277554 Maroni M, Colombi A, Gilioli R, Rota E, De Paschale G, Castano P, Foa V, Duca G: Effects of ganglioside therapy on experimental CS2 neuropathy. AIHAJ. 2001 Mar-Apr;62(2):168-71.

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865277 Laurman W, Wronska-Nofer T: [Effect of carbon disulfide on cholesterol content in rat tissue] . Med Pr. 1977;28(2):77-82.

The effect of chronic intoxication of rats with CS2 on the level of cholesterol in the body tissues was studied.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
6280020 Podobinski M, Kajewska B: [Diagnostic value of antabuse and CBJ-131 test in workers chronically exposed to carbon disulfide]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 1998 Jan;32(1):28-30.

The studies covered 32 workers chronically exposed to CS2 and controls.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
7339439 Kieres H, Krajewska B, Hanke J: [Iron metabolism and serum lysozyme as exponents of nonspecific resistance of workers exposed to CS-2]. Med Pr. 1981;32(5):337-41.


The paper was aimed at an evaluation of nonspecific humoral resistance in CS2 chronically exposed workers.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
609330 Bielecka W, Liniewiecki T, Kucharska E, Buchwald Z, Kucharski R: [Health conditions of workers exposed to CS-2 in xanthate plants] . Otolaryngol Pol. 1955;9(2):95-6.


26 men, aged 22-57, with various length of employment in xanthate plant, where they have been exposed to CS2, were subjected to laboratory examinations aiming to find out the effects of this substance on their health state.
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15606256 Lo WJ, Chen HF, Chou PH, Lee YP: Isomers of OCS2: IR absorption spectra of OSCS and O (CS2) in solid Ar. J Chem Phys. 2004 Dec 22;121(24):12371-8.

The first set of lines are assigned to C=S stretching, O-S stretching, and S-C stretching modes of carbon disulfide S-oxide, OSCS; and the second set of lines are assigned to C=O stretching and OCS bending modes of dithiiranone, O (CS (2)), respectively, based on results of (34) S- and (18) O-isotopic experiments and quantum-chemical calculations.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
6670325 Schneider H: [Psychodiagnostic results of workers exposed to CS2 with special reference to repeated examinations] Z Gesamte Hyg. 1983 Dec;29(12):722-5.

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5312716 Zenk H: [CS2-effects upon olfactory and auditory functions of employees in the synthetic-fiber industry] J Org Chem. 2007 Dec 7;72(25):9518-22. Epub 2007 Nov 15.

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2396452 Winkelmann H, Bender U, Horn K: [Exposure analysis of the effect of air pollution by carbon disulfide] . Va). 2002 Sep-Oct;63(5):659-63.

The non-metabolised and acid labile CS2 in urine is determined as the specific biological marker.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7727395 Ensign SA: Reactivity of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum with carbon dioxide, carbonyl sulfide, and carbon disulfide. Biochemistry. 1995 Apr 25;34(16):5372-8.

The reactivities of CO2 and the related compounds COS and CS2 with the nickel- and iron- sulfur-containing carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH) from Rhodospirillum rubrum have been investigated.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1296108 Stanosz S, Jastrzebska M, Chlubek D, Chukwu P: [Effect of carbon disulphide on platelet aggregation in women] . Med Pr. 1992;43(6):493-7.


It was found that women exposed to CS2 had a significantly higher (p < 0.01) concentration of LDL-Ch.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2284812 Winkelmann H, Prosch J, Engewald W, Horn K: [Development and application of an environment dosimeter for carbon disulfide]. Biochem Pharmacol. 1986 Nov 15;35(22):3941-7.

CS2 adsorbed on chromosorb 101 is thermically desorbed and then dosed to a gas chromatograph via a gas sampling valve and finally determined by flame photometric detection (FPD).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1700556 Winkelmann H, Winkelmann U: [Serum proteins levels of school children in areas with variable air pollution, especially by carbon disulfide (CS2)]. Toxicology. 1986 Jul;40(1):45-58.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
2702338 Okrojek MS: [Glucose tolerance disorders in individuals chronically exposed to carbon disulfide (CS2)]. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1990 Jul;51(7):402-4.
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8828929 Johnson DJ, Graham DG, Amarnath V, Amarnath K, Valentine WM: The measurement of 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid as an index of the in vivo release of CS2 by dithiocarbamates. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1984 Aug;75(1):81-90.

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12541596 Jin MC, Fu ZM, Wang L: [Capillary gas chromatographic determination of residual benzene, toluene and DMF in acrylic fabrics]. Se Pu. 2000 Mar;18(2):158-9.

The sample was extracted by carbon disulfide (CS2) for an hour.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
2118501 Hyman MR, Kim CY, Arp DJ: Inhibition of ammonia monooxygenase in Nitrosomonas europaea by carbon disulfide. J Bacteriol. 1990 Sep;172(9):4775-82.

CS2 also produced distinct changes in difference spectra of whole cells.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
8699979 Hirata M, Ogawa Y, Goto S: A cross-sectional study on nerve conduction velocities among workers exposed to carbon disulphide. Anal Sci. 2003 Dec;19(12):1679-81.


We examined nerve conduction velocities (NCVs) in the ulnar nerve (motor, slower motor fiber and mixed), the peroneal nerve (motor, MCV) and the sural nerve (sensory, SCV) among 46 Japanese workers exposed to carbon disulphide (CS2, CS2-exposed group) and 28 normal control workers (group C).
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18700678 Lovreglio P, Bergonzi R, Meliddo G, Pesola G, Mascia L, Basso A, Imbriani M, Apostoli P, Soleo L: [Validity of urinary 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TTCA) as biomarker of exposure to very low concentrations of carbon disulphide: preliminary results]. Acta Biol Med Ger. 1977;36(5-6):645-9.


Exposure to airborne CS2 was assessed, only for exposed workers, by both personal and area samplers.
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9886174 Lee E, Kim MH: Cerebral vasoreactivity by transcranial Doppler in carbon disulfide poisoning cases in Korea. J Korean Med Sci. 1998 Dec;13(6):645-51.

The abnormalities of cerebral vasoreactivity were evaluated in CS2 poisoning cases.
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6933920 Nikiforov B, Tabacova S: Activity of some mixed function oxidases in prenatally carbon disulphide (CS2) treated rats. Arch Toxicol Suppl. 1980;4:296-8.

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9498226 Valentine WM, Amarnath V, Amarnath K, Erve JC, Graham DG, Morgan DL, Sills RC: Covalent modification of hemoglobin by carbon disulfide: III. Med Pr. 1978;29(6):471-9.

In the present investigation, the potential of using CS2 promoted modification of hemoglobin as a dosimeter for quantifying exposure to CS2 was evaluated.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
6304449 Godlewski A, Michalak J, Fortak W: [Phagocytosis of Candida albicans L-45 in vitro and evaluation of the changes in the intensity of the reaction to 5'-nucleotidase of neutrophils in men chronically exposed to carbon disulfide]. Med Pr. 1982;33(5-6):295-300.

The phagocytosis capability of the Candida albicans in vitro by neutrophils of 30 men chronically CS2 exposed has been tested, along with the cytoenzymatic reaction to 5 nucleotidase in those neutrophils.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
7311814 Godlewski A, Michalak J, Fortak W: [Studies of sudanophilia and PAS-positive substances in the neutrophils of persons chronically exposed to carbon disulfide]. Med Pr. 1981;32(2):83-9.

In 30 men chronically exposed to CS2, p.a.S. -- positive substances (glycogen) and sudanophilia (lipids) have been investigated in peripheral blood neutrophils.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
7182710 Pankiewicz K, Krajewski J: [Use of the exposure test and the gas concentration measurements in the breathing zones for the evaluation of the workers' exposure to carbon disulfide]. Med Pr. 1982;33(5-6):289-93.

Individual exposures to CS2 of 31 workers in a viscose rayon plant were examined by personal continuous air sampling and two versions of iodo-azide test (chronometric and titrimetric methods).
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855380 El-Dessouky EA, Hawary MF, El-Shobaki FA, El-Hawary Z, Massoud AA: Serum and urine amino acid pattern under the effect of carbon disulfide intoxication. Z Ernahrungswiss. 1977 Mar;16(1):31-8.

Five groups of rats were treated with carbon disulphide through intramuscular injection of 0.05 ml CS2 in 0.2 mg olive oil/rat/day.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7466847 Tarkowski S, Kolakowski J, Gorny R, Opacka J: The content of high-energy phosphates and ultrastructure of mitochondria in the brain of rats exposed to carbon disulphide. Toxicol Lett. 2005 Sep 15;158(3):225-36.


Rats were exposed to carbon disulphide (CS2) continuously for 12 h or for 10 months, at concentrations of 2.4 mg/l air and 0.8 mg/l air, respectively.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7447712 Sidorowicz V, Budziszewska D, Murawska T, Smolik R: Structural disturbances in erythrocytes in workers exposed to carbon disulphide (CS2). Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 1980 Jun;31(2):125-9.

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15128161 Shih TS, Chang HY, Yeh WY, Su TS, Huang YS, Chang CP, Ho JJ, Guo YL: Occupational health research in Taiwan. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2005 Mar 7;7(5):731-7.


Two multi-lateral collaborative research examples were presented: an intoxication outbreak-initiated CS2 study and an information-demand-motivated 2-methoxy-ethanol study.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17891980 Shao CL, Xia LY, Gu DH, Zhang RX, Hou HQ: [Photolysis of simulating CS2 malodorous gas using microwave electrodeless lamps]. Z Gesamte Hyg. 1990 Oct;36(10):528-9.

The photolysis of simulating carbon disulfide malodorous gas was studied under UV irradiation emitted by microwave electrodeless lamps.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17100446 Knappenberger KL, Lerch EB, Wen P, Leone SR: Coherent polyatomic dynamics studied by femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy: dissociation of vibrationally excited CS2 in the 6s and 4d Rydberg states. Biochemistry. 1997 Jul 15;36(28):8574-85.

The dissociation dynamics of the 6s and 4d Rydberg states of carbon disulfide (CS (2)*) are studied by time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1115532 Cavalleri A: Serum thyroxine in the early diagnosis of carbon disulfide poisoning. Arch Environ Health. 1975 Feb;30(2):85-7.

Serum thyroxine and blood lipids were assayed in 45 subjects exposed to carbon disulfide (CS2).
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8851003 Sinczuk-Walczak H: [Neurologic diagnosis and certification in persons chronically exposed to certain organic solvents in light of personal cases]. Med Pr. 1995;46(6):557-61.

A clinical picture of selected cases diagnosed or suspected of chronic poisoning by organic solvents such as: Trichlorethylene (TRI), Tetrachlorethylene (PER), Carbon Disulfide (CS2) is presented.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
6664297 Makowska Z: [Psychomotor performance of persons chronically exposed to carbon disulfide. Med Pr. 1983;34(4):327-33.

The study was aimed at evaluating the psychomotor efficiency of those chronically exposed to CS2 and at selecting tests to be applied in CS2 poisonings diagnosis.
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989352 Freundt KJ, Kuttner P, Dreher W: Specifity and sensitivity of the inhibition of drug metabolism following inhalation of carbon disulphide-air mixtures. Arzneimittelforschung. 1976;26(5):793-9.


A single 8-h exposure of adult female Wistar rats to 20 ppm carbon disulphide (CS2), the threshold limit value (TLV) in several countries, was sufficient to cause inhibition of the following drug-metabolizing reactions: formation of trichloroethanol and trichloroacetic acid from trichloroethylene (aliphatic C-hydroxylation), formation of 4-hydroxyantipyrine from antipyrine (quasi-aromatic C-hydroxylation), formation of acetaminophenol from acetanilid (aromatic C-hydroxylation) and phenacetin (oxidative odealkylation), respectively, and formation of 4-aminoantipyrine from aminopyrine (oxidative N-demethylation).
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8482591 Brugnone F, Maranelli G, Guglielmi G, Ayyad K, Soleo L, Elia G: Blood concentrations of carbon disulphide in dithiocarbamate exposure and in the general population. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1993;64(7):503-7.


Blood carbon disulphide (CS2), both free and total, was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in 112 "normal" subjects and in 20 subjects employed in a dithiocarbamate factory, comprising ten blue-collar workers involved in dithiocarbamate production and ten white-collar office staff.
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11456884 McKee ML, Wine PH: Ab initio study of the atmospheric oxidation of CS2. . J Am Chem Soc. 2001 Mar 14;123(10):2344-53.

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4050795 Campbell L, Jones AH, Wilson HK: Evaluation of occupational exposure to carbon disulphide by blood, exhaled air, and urine analysis. Occup Environ Med. 1998 Jul;55(7):473-9.


This paper compares three analytical methods that may be considered for monitoring workers who are exposed to carbon disulphide (CS2).
3(0,0,0,3) Details
6793731 Wagar G, Tolonen M, Stenman UH, Helpio E: Endocrinologic studies in men exposed occupationally to carbon disulfide. . Am J Ind Med. 1985;8(2):143-53.

The effect of long-term occupational exposure to CS2 on various endocrinologic parameters was studied in 15 exposed men and 16 age-matched controls.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
2619445 Hoffmann P, Klapperstuck M, Grimm I, Bohme K: [Short term effects of carbon disulfide on the intracardial irritation development and transmission in the rat]. Arch Exp Veterinarmed. 1989;43(4):515-9.

Studies were conducted into effects of acute and subacute CS2 application on intracardiac irritability and conduction in rat.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
7277852 Onodera M, Sakurai H, Toyama T: [The protective effect of vitamin E on the hepatotoxic effects of CS2 in male albino rats of Wistar strain (author's transl)]. Sangyo Igaku. 1981 May;23(3):300-4.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
5559994 Campiglio A: [Study of the microdetermination of oxygen according to Unterzaucher in sulfur containing organic substances. Int Arch Arbeitsmed. 1970;27(3):210-20.


Use of chemical methods for removing CS2 and COS from pyrolysis gases]
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16020177 Morvai V, Szakmary E, Ungvary G: The effects of carbon disulfide and ethanol on the circulatory system of rats. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2005 May 28;68(10):797-809.

CS2 increased arterial blood pressure and cardiac index, decreased their cardiac output, the fraction of the cardiac output, and blood flow for the kidneys and the lungs, and increased the relative heart, liver, and kidneys mass and the vascular resistance of the brain, lungs, and kidneys.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7793750 Vanhoorne M, de Rouck A, de Bacquer D: Epidemiological study of eye irritation by hydrogen sulphide and/or carbon disulphide exposure in viscose rayon workers. Ann Occup Hyg. 1995 Jun;39(3):307-15.


Personal exposure varied from 4 to 112 mg m-3 for CS2 and from 0.2 to 8.9 mg m-3 for H2S.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
6888264 Gluszczowa M: [Causes of early retirement of workers chronically exposed to carbon disulfide]. Toxicology. 1977 Apr;7(2):207-14.

It appeared that more of the CS2 exposed workers became disabled at a younger age and after shorter employment duration.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
5197879 Wieckowski B, Bobnis W, Gregorczyk J: [Studies on the effect of carbon disulfide on the metabolism and visceral changes in experimental animals. Patol Pol. 1969 Oct-Dec;20(4):501-7.

Total serum protein, its fractions, and total protein in liver hemogenates from rats chronically poisoned with CS2 injected intraperitoneally]
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2301413 Meuling WJ, Bragt PC, Braun CL: Biological monitoring of carbon disulfide. . Appl Environ Microbiol. 1977 Apr;33(4):784-90.

After logarithmic transformation of the data, the following linear regression equation was found: log (TTCA) = 0.84 log (CS2) - 1.10, wherein TTCA is expressed as mmol/mol creatinine and CS2 as mg/m3.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12203952 Tan X, Peng X, Wang Y, Wang F, Joyeux M, Hartemann P: Carbon disulfide cytotoxicity on cultured cardiac myocytes of rats. Ind Health. 2004 Apr;42(2):124-34.

The results suggest that CS2 has a direct and dose-dependent cytotoxic effect.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1453945 Lutz W, Krajewska B: [Changes in the levels of tissue polypeptide antigen and carcinoembryonic antigen in the blood of workers exposed to aromatic amines]. Med Pr. 1992;43(4):297-301.


The findings were compared with those of he study on CS2 exposure and for the non-exposed workers.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10026474 De Fruyt F, Thiery E, De Bacquer D, Vanhoorne M: Neuropsychological effects of occupational exposures to carbon disulfide and hydrogen sulfide. Int J Occup Environ Health. 1998 Jul-Sep;4(3):139-46.

Only the group exposed to values exceeding three times the recommended TLV for CS2; had significant impairments in both the speed and the quality of psychomotor performance.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8954304 Huang CC, Chu CC, Chen RS, Lin SK, Shih TS: Chronic carbon disulfide encephalopathy. Eur Neurol. 1996;36(6):364-8.

To understand central nervous damage after long-term exposure to carbon disulfide (CS2), 10 patients who had polyneuropathy with various neuropsychiatric symptoms in a viscose rayon plant were studied.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
10627660 Kumar S, Patel KG, Gautam AK, Agarwal K, Shah BA, Saiyed HN: Detection of germ cell genotoxic potential of carbon disulphide using sperm head shape abnormality test. Hum Exp Toxicol. 1999 Dec;18(12):731-4.


CS2 dissolved in cotton seed oil at doses of 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg b. wt. for a period of 60 days.
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6264368 Chalas J, Labayle D, Lindenbaum A, Cluet JL, Godin J, Leluc R, Etienne JP: [Modifications of disulfiram and its metabolites in blood in alcoholic hepatopathy (author's transl)]. J Chem Phys. 2006 Nov 7;125(17):174314.

Carbon disulfide (CS2) and the whole TETD, diethyl dithiocarbamate (DDC) disulfides, were determined by a gas chromatographic method.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
8670412 Colman JJ, Xu X, Thiemens MH, Trogler WC: Photopolymerization and Mass-Independent Sulfur Isotope Fractionations in Carbon Disulfide. G Ital Med Lav. 1984 May-Jul;6(3-4):135-7.

Irradiation of gaseous carbon disulfide [CS2 (g)] at 313 nanometers produces a dark brown aerosol of (CS2) x.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
2382643 Xiao HK, Levine SP, Kinnes G, Almaguer D: Evaluation of the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer for analysis of trichloroethylene (TCE) in the presence of Freon-113 in carbon disulfide eluates of charcoal air sampling tubes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1984 Apr;73(2):275-83.

Results obtained using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR) for the analysis of samples of carbon disulfide (CS2) eluates containing trichloroethylene (TCE) and Freon from charcoal air sampling tubes were evaluated by comparison with results obtained when using gas chromatography (GC).
6(0,0,1,1) Details
7622280 Drexler H, Goen T, Angerer J: Carbon disulphide. Acta Neurol Scand. 1996 Oct;94(4):258-63.


Investigations on the uptake of CS2 and the excretion of its metabolite 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid after occupational exposure..
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20137406 Chen J, Li YJ, Yang WP: [Effects of carbon disulfide on blood pressure and electrocardiogram for workers exposed to levels below the national maximum allowable concentration]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2009 Nov;27(11):644-8.

The CS2 concentration at workplace was controlled under the national MAC.
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9214303 Rasche ME, Seefeldt LC: Reduction of thiocyanate, cyanate, and carbon disulfide by nitrogenase: kinetic characterization and EPR spectroscopic analysis. J Toxicol Environ Health. 1981 Mar-Apr;7(3-4):363-71.

The current work demonstrates that the COS analogs SCN-, CS2, and OCNH are novel substrates for nitrogenase and that the reduction of these substrates produces changes in the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum of nitrogenase, providing insight into the mechanism of substrate reduction by nitrogenase.
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9816380 Omae K, Takebayashi T, Nomiyama T, Ishizuka C, Nakashima H, Uemura T, Tanaka S, Yamauchi T, O'Uchi T, Horichi Y, Sakurai H: Cross sectional observation of the effects of carbon disulphide on arteriosclerosis in rayon manufacturing workers. Appl Occup Environ Hyg. 2001 Apr;16(4):455-63.


OBJECTIVE: A prospective cohort study was designed to clarify the relations between occupational exposure to carbon disulphide (CS2) and its effects on arteriosclerosis in workers in 11 Japanese rayon manufacturing factories.
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6530953 Makowska Z: [Psychomotor efficiency of persons chronically exposed to carbon disulfide. Med Pr. 1984;35(5):355-64.

The study is aimed at the determination of CS2 effects upon selected indices of psychomotor efficiency, depending on the level of exposure to carbon disulphide and duration of employment.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
3760457 Wronska-Nofer T, Klimczak J, Wisniewska-Knypl JM, Jajte J, Opalska B: Combined effect of ethanol and carbon disulphide on cytochrome P-450 mono-oxygenase, lipid peroxidation and ultrastructure of the liver in chronically exposed rats. Ind Health. 1997 Oct;35(4):474-9.


Repeated inhalatory exposure of rats to 1.5 g/m3 of CS2, 5 h daily, 5 days a week for 5 months decreased aniline p-hydroxylase and MEOS by 70 and 55% respectively, doubled hexobarbital sleeping time and depressed cytochrome P-450 by 30% and its conversion to cytochrome P-420; these effects were accompanied by the appearance of cytochrome P-420, the intensification of lipid peroxidation in microsomes and some degranulation of RER in hepatocytes.
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955768 Nurminen M: Survival experience of a cohort of carbon disulphide exposed workers from an eight-year prospective follow-up period. Int J Epidemiol. 1976 Jun;5(2):179-85.


A cohort of 343 men from a viscose rayon factory in Finland with at least five years of exposure in carbon disulphide (CS2) was followed from 1967 to 1975 with respect to coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality.
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6292653 Podobinski M, Kieres H: [Urinary excretion of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) after antabuse administration to workers chronically exposed to carbon disulfide]. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1997 Aug;26(1):119-28.

The mean values of excreted DDC have indicated a statistically significant decrease in those chronically CS2 exposed, as compared to the controls.
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1521980 Vanhoorne M, De Bacquer D, De Backer G: Epidemiological study of the cardiovascular effects of carbon disulphide. Int J Epidemiol. 1992 Aug;21(4):745-52.


For each individual a CS2 cumulative exposure index (CS2 index) was calculated.
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11227421 Heise S, Weber H, Alder L: Reasons for the decomposition of the fungicide thiram during preparation of fruit and vegetable samples and consequences for residue analysis. Med Pr. 1977;28(6):461-71.


For the screening of thiram residues, the often used Keppel method, which determines CS2 from thiram or dithiocarbamates seems to be applicable even if samples had been coarsely cut, since decomposition of the CS2-forming intermediates is slower than the breakdown of thiram itself.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7871428 Noll KS, McGrath MA, Trafton LM, Atreya SK, Caldwell JJ, Weaver HA, Yelle RV, Barnet C, Edgington S: HST spectroscopic observations of Jupiter after the collision of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9. Science. 1995 Mar 3;267(5202):1307-13.


The large mass of sulfur-containing material, more than 10 (14) grams in S2 alone, indicates that many of the sulfur-containing molecules S2, CS2, CS, H2S, and S+ may be derived from a sulfur-bearing parent molecule native to Jupiter.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
865263 Solecka L, Zajqczek S: [Effect of carbon disulfide on the leukergic reaction in rabbits] . Toxicology. 1988 May;49(2-3):277-82.

The animals of the first group were subjected to CS2 action in a toxicological chamber over a varied period of time (from 16 to 103 days, 5 hrs daily), the CS2 concentration being 0,4 mg per litre of the flowing air.
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11768469 Rosenberg E, Hallama RA, Grasserbauer M: Development and evaluation of a calibration gas generator for the analysis of volatile organic compounds in air based on the injection method. Br J Ind Med. 1984 Aug;41(3):296-304.


Particularly the combination of passive sampling and thermodesorption-GC analysis offers significant advantages over the commonly used active sampling on activated charcoal, followed by CS2 desorption in terms of avoidance of hazardous solvents, potential for automation and improved detection limits.
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4842001 Lieben J, Menduke H, Flegel EE, Smith F: Cardiovascular effects of CS2 exposure. Z Gesamte Hyg. 1990 Nov;36(11):596-9.

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6541621 Grasso P, Sharratt M, Davies DM, Irvine D: Neurophysiological and psychological disorders and occupational exposure to organic solvents. Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2001 Jul;22(4):25-8.


The human data indicate that, of the solvents studied, only CS2 provided clear evidence of neurotoxic damage detectable by clinical and pathological examination as well as by neurophysiological measurements (e.g. nerve conduction velocity and nerve action potentials) or neuropsychological techniques (e.g.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18001090 Wijeratne NR, Wenthold PG: Structure and reactivity of benzoylnitrene radical anion in the gas phase. J Pharmacobiodyn. 1985 Oct;8(10):868-76.


In contrast, phenylnitrene anion reacts with carbon disulfide by C+ or CS+ abstraction, forming S- or S2-.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
6659910 Karai I, Sugimoto K, Goto S: A case comparison study of carbon disulfide retinopathy and diabetic retinopathy using fluorescein fundus angiography. Brain Res. 1987 Oct 27;424(2):272-80.

0(0,0,0,0) Details
15074701 Tamara ML, Butler EC: Effects of iron purity and groundwater characteristics on rates and products in the degradation of carbon tetrachloride by iron metal. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1985 Dec;81(3 Pt 1):460-8.


Groundwater constituents such as HS-, HCO3-, and Mn2+ had a slight effect on the rates of CT degradation by a high-purity Fe0 at pH 7, but did not strongly influence product distribution, except for the HS amended Fe0 where less CF was produced, possibly due to the formation of carbon disulfide (CS2).
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17020372 Milne CJ, Li YL, Jansen TL, Huang L, Miller RJ: Fifth-order Raman spectroscopy of liquid benzene: experiment and theory. J Phys Chem B. 2006 Oct 12;110(40):19867-76.


This result builds on our previous work with liquid carbon disulfide and extends the spectroscopy to a new liquid for the first time.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
8227439 Phillips M, Sabas M, Greenberg J: Increased pentane and carbon disulfide in the breath of patients with schizophrenia. J Clin Pathol. 1993 Sep;46(9):861-4.

RESULTS: The mean alveolar gradients of pentane and carbon disulfide (CS2) were significantly higher in the patients with schizophrenia than in the control groups.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
11512144 Jian L: Increased carbon disulfide-stimulated chemiluminescence in the pyrogallol-luminol system. Luminescence. 2001 Jul-Aug;16(4):281-3.

We studied the effect of carbon disulphide (CS2) on the generation of superoxide anion (O2-*) and its chemiluminescence (CL) in the pyrogallol-luminol system.
7(0,0,0,7) Details
228849 Moriya M, Ohta T, Watanabe K, Watanabe Y, Sugiyama F, Miyazawa T, Shirasu Y: Inhibitors for the mutagenicities of colon carcinogens, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine and azoxymethane, in the host-mediated assay. Cancer Lett. 1979 Oct;7(6):325-30.

They were carbon disulfide (CS2), tetraethylthiuram disulfide (disulfiram, DSF), sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (SDDC), ethylene-bis (dithiocarbamato) manganese (Maneb), pyrazole (PZ), aminoacetonitrile hydrogen sulfate (AAN), and sodium selenite (SE).
6(0,0,1,1) Details
14753266 Yamada E, Hosokawa Y, Furuya Y, Matsushita K, Fuse Y: Simple analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere using passive samplers. Anal Sci. 2004 Jan;20(1):107-12.

The absorbed VOCs were extracted into carbon disulfide (CS2) and measured by FID-GC.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
18063533 Zuskin E, Mustajbegovic J, Doko Jelinic J, Pucarin-Cvetkovic J, Milosevic M: [Effects of volcanic eruptions on environment and health] . Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2005 Nov;34(6):658-60.

Along with magma and steam (H2O), the following gases surface in the environment: carbon dioxide (CO2) and sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulphide (H2S), carbon sulphide (CS), carbon disulfide (CS2), hydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen (H2), methane (CH4), hydrogen fluoride (HF), hydrogen bromide (HBr) and various organic compounds, as well as heavy metals (mercury, lead, gold).Their unfavourable effects depend on the distance from a volcano, on magma viscosity, and on gas concentrations.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
11318388 Bortkiewicz A, Gadzicka E, Szymczak W: Cardiovascular disturbances in workers exposed to carbon disulfide. . Pathol Biol. 1981 Mar;29(3):163-8.

According to literature data myocardial infarction was often the first noticeable effect of CS2 on the cardiovascular system.
6(0,0,0,6) Details
6743589 Rosier J, Billemont G, Van Peteghem C, Vanhoorne M, Grosjean R, Van de Walle A: Relation between the iodine azide test and the TTCA test for exposure to carbon disulphide. Pol J Occup Med Environ Health. 1992;5(3):265-76.


Exposure to carbon disulphide (CS2) in a viscose plant was measured by personal monitoring and by application of the iodine azide test and quantification of 2-thio-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic-acid (TTCA) in urine samples.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
1268038 Seawright AA, Hrdlicka J, DeMatteis F: The hepatotoxicity of O,O-diethyl, O-phenyl phosphorothionate (SV1) for the rat. Neurotoxicology. 1985 Winter;6(4):81-8.


The lesion produced at 24 h after dosing is a periacinar hydropic degeneration which appears identical to that caused by carbon disulphide (CS2) in similarly pretreated rats.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
8388241 Ruijten MW, Salle HJ, Verberk MM: Verification of effects on the nervous system of low level occupational exposure to CS2. Br J Ind Med. 1993 Apr;50(4):301-7.

3(0,0,0,3) Details
7703373 Valentine WM, Amarnath V, Amarnath K, Rimmele F, Graham DG: Carbon disulfide mediated protein cross-linking by N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate. Br J Exp Pathol. 1976 Feb;57(1):16-22.

The ability of dithiocarbamates to decompose to parent amine and CS2 suggests that these adverse effects may be mediated through release of CS2.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
1490126 Sulkowski WJ, Kowalska S, Sobczak Z, Jozwiak Z: The statokinesiometry in evaluation of the balance system in persons with chronic carbon disulphide intoxication. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol. 1987 Oct;58(1):75-83.


In the group of 37 patients with chronic carbon disulphide (CS2) intoxication manifested by encephalopathy, polyneuropathy or psycho-organic syndrome and complaining for vertigo, a statokinesiometric test was performed with open and closed eyes, and with visual stimulation.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
8406921 Kitamura S, Ferrari F, Vides G, Moreira Filho DC: Biological monitoring of workers occupationally exposed to carbon disulphide in a rayon plant in Brazil: validity of 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TTCA) in urine samples taken in different times, during and after the real exposure period. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1993;65(1 Suppl):S177-9.


Data from seventeen "individuals" were statistically studied, with the aim of establishing the best and the most practical sampling strategy of biological monitoring for workers occupationally exposed to CS2.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
16108671 Heisler IA, Correia RR, Buckup T, Cunha SL, da Silveira NP: Time-resolved optical Kerr-effect investigation on CS2/polystyrene mixtures. J Chem Phys. 2005 Aug 1;123(5):054509.

The relaxation dynamics of carbon disulfide are investigated in mixtures with polystyrene (PS) using the time-resolved optical heterodyne-detected optical Kerr effect (OHD-OKE).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
9117188 Peplonska B, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Sobala W, Wilczynska U: A mortality study of workers with reported chronic occupational carbon disulfide poisoning. J Pharmacobiodyn. 1988 Apr;11(4):284-7.

A mortality cohort study was carried out on 2,291 workers, including 169 women, with chronic occupational CS2 poisoning diagnosed during the years 1970-90.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
869529 Odeyemi O, Alexander M: Resistance of Rhizobium strains to phygon, spergon, and thiram. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 1996;9(4):291-9.


Resting cells of thiram-metabolizing R. meliloti formed large quantities of dimethyldithiocarbamate, dimethylamine, and CS2 from the pesticide.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
872267 Jarvisalo J, Savolainen H, Vainio H: Effects of acute CS2 intoxication on liver protein and drug metabolism. Chem Biol Interact. 1977 Apr;17(1):41-50.

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742595 Smith DB, Krause LA: Analysis of charcoal tube samples for carbon disulfide using a photoionization detector. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1978 Dec;39(12):939-44.

Sensitivity of the proposed method will enable concentrations of 0.10 ppm CS2 to be determined in a 10 liter air sample.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
14761358 Tang GH, Xuan DF: [Detection of DNA damage induced by carbon disulfide in mice sperm with single-cell gel electrophoresis assay]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2003 Dec;21(6):440-3.

CONCLUSION: SCGE which is a quick and sensitive method to detect DNA damage induced by CS2 may be used to monitor carcinogen and mutagen.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
919793 van Haver W, Gordts L: [Analysis of dithiocarbamate pesticide residues a comparison of the head space and the colorimetric method (author's transl)]. J Appl Toxicol. 1985 Dec;5(6):360-7.


After overnight heating on a waterbath the liberated CS2 is injected into a gaschromatograph with a flame photometric detector.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1180218 Severs LW, Skory LK: Monitoring personnel exposure to vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride and methyl chloride in an industrial work environment. Ann Acad Med Stetin. 1996;42:139-56.


The carbon is desorbed with CS2 at dry ice temperature or with a thermal desorption technique.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
936694 Herbig C: [Development of a psychodiagnostic method for the evaluation of the psychological state of workers, exposed to CS2] Food Chem Toxicol. 1984 Oct;22(10):819-52.

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15792633 Haritos VS, Dojchinov G: Carbonic anhydrase metabolism is a key factor in the toxicity of CO2 and COS but not CS2 toward the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum [Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae]. Toxicol Sci. 2003 Jun;73(2):403-15. Epub 2003 Apr 15.


The analogues carbon dioxide (CO (2)), carbonyl sulfide (COS) and carbon disulfide (CS (2)) have been useful as substrate probes for enzyme activities.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
3230053 Zhou SY, Liang YX, Chen ZQ, Wang YL: Effects of occupational exposure to low-level carbon disulfide (CS2) on menstruation and pregnancy. Ind Health. 1988;26(4):203-14.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
10489153 Schneider P, Lorinci G, Gebefugi IL, Heinrich J, Kettrup A, Wichmann HE: Vertical and horizontal variability of volatile organic compounds in homes in Eastern Germany. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 1999 Jul-Aug;9(4):282-92.

After elution with carbon disulfide (CS2), the samples were analyzed with dual column gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detector (FID).
6(0,0,1,1) Details
9585486 Erve JC, Amarnath V, Graham DG, Sills RC, Morgan AL, Valentine WM: Carbon disulfide and N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate generate thiourea cross-links on erythrocyte spectrin in vivo. Chem Res Toxicol. 1995 Jan-Feb;8(1):96-102.

CS2, a known neurotoxicant, is used in the viscose production of rayon and is also a decomposition product of N, N-diethyldithiocarbamate, a metabolic product of the drug disulfiram used in alcohol aversion therapy.
6(0,0,0,6) Details
3884075 Caroldi S, Jarvis J, Magos L: Carbon disulphide exposure affects the response of rat adrenal medulla to hypothermia and hypoglycaemia. Science. 1996 Aug 9;273(5276):774-6.


The effects of hypothermia and hypoglycaemia on adrenal catecholamines and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase were compared in control and carbon disulphide (CS2) exposed rats 24 h after the last of ten daily 4 h inhalation exposures to CS2, 2 mg 1 (-1) air.
6(0,0,0,6) Details
2800651 Braemer M, Herborn H: [Use of the psychologic-neurologic questionnaire and the diagnostic follow-up program in long-term CS2 exposed workers]. Z Gesamte Hyg. 1989 Jul;35(7):424-5.

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11769217 Hou J, Zheng G, Jiang J, Liu X, Hou H: [Purification feasibility of malodorous waste gas contained H2S and CS2 by DBD technique]. Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2001 Sep;22(5):12-6.

5(0,0,0,5) Details
1571299 Egeland GM, Burkhart GA, Schnorr TM, Hornung RW, Fajen JM, Lee ST: Effects of exposure to carbon disulphide on low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration and diastolic blood pressure. Br J Ind Med. 1992 Apr;49(4):287-93.


The relation of carbon disulphide (CS2) exposure to risk factors for ischaemic heart disease was recently examined using data from a 1979 cross sectional study of 410 male textile workers, of whom 165 were exposed and 245 were unexposed to CS2.
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16041606 Vermeulen R, Jonsson BA, Lindh CH, Kromhout H: Biological monitoring of carbon disulphide and phthalate exposure in the contemporary rubber industry. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2005 Sep;78(8):663-9. Epub 2005 Oct 12.


OBJECTIVES: We studied the range in urinary levels of 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxyl acid (TTCA), a metabolite of CS2 and phthalic acid (PA), a common metabolite of phthalates, across factories and departments in the contemporary rubber manufacturing industry.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
7448134 Wronska-Nofer T, Szendzikowski S, Obrebska-Parke M: Influence of chronic carbon disulphide intoxication on the development of experimental atherosclerosis in rats. Br J Ind Med. 1980 Nov;37(4):387-93.


Rats fed on atherogenic diets containing 2% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid with or without 0.15% thiouracil were exposed to carbon disulphide (CS2) vapours (1 mg/l of air), five hours a day, six days a week for 6-10 months.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
7432156 Laurman W: [Blood serum lipids and lipoproteins in rabbits chronically exposed to CS2]. Arch Toxicol. 1995;69(3):185-90.

3(0,0,0,3) Details
609323 Zajaczek S, Solecka L: [Effect of carbon disulfide on peripheral blood leukocytes. Farmaco Sci. 1971 Apr;26(4):349-69.

The peripheral blood leukocytes in normal subjects were cultured according to Moorhead with addition of CS2 (0,75 microliter/ml of culture).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
525211 Candura F, Franco G, Malamani T, Piazza A: Altered glucose tolerance in carbon disulfide exposed workers. Acta Diabetol Lat. 1979 Jul-Sep;16(3):259-63.

Oral cortisone glucose tolerance tests were performed in 66 CS2-exposed workers and in 66 individually matched control subjects.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
578406 Eastwood I, Forshaw PJ, Jeyeratnam J, Magos L: Cardiac sensitization induced by phenobarbitone and prolonged by CS2. . Arch Toxicol. 1977 Jul 19;37(3):237-40.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
10868596 van Lishaut H, Schwack W: Selective trace determination of dithiocarbamate fungicides in fruits and vegetables by reversed-phase ion-pair liquid chromatography with ultraviolet and electrochemical detection. J AOAC Int. 2000 May-Jun;83(3):720-7.

The predominant methods for determination of dithiocarbamate fungicides (DTC) have been based on quantitation of carbon disulfide released by hot acid digestion.
Limits of quantitation, calculated according to the procedure of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, are 9, 12, 8, and 12 microg CS2/L for N-methyl-DTC, N,N-dimethyl-DTC, ethylenebis-DTC, and propylenebis-DTC, respectively, when electrochemical detection is used.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
6534786 Vanhoorne M, Grosjean R: Exposure data in the viscose industry. Toxicol Lett. 1986 Sep;32(3):179-84.


Stationary and personal monitoring of CS2 exposure in two viscose factories showed considerable variations according to site, time and job titles.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
5198100 Gregorczyk J: [Studies of the influence of carbon disulfide on metabolism and visceral changes in experimental animals. Patol Pol. 1970 Jan-Mar;21(1):85-91.

Aspartic and alanine aminotransferase and malic dehydrogenase activities in the blood serum and liver homogenates of rats chronically poisoned with CS2 injected intraperitoneally]
1(0,0,0,1) Details
6534774 Rosier J, Vanhoorne M, Van Peteghem C: The determination of urinary 2-thio-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic-acid (TTCA) as a test for exposure to carbon disulfide. G Ital Med Lav. 1984 May-Jul;6(3-4):119-21.

Also, a correlation was found between the TWA-exposure (in mg CS2 per m3 of air) and the TTCA concentration (mmol TTCA/ml urine) in the urine sample at the end of the exposure period.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11720266 Borjesson G: Inhibition of methane oxidation by volatile sulfur compounds (CH3SH and CS2) in landfill cover soils. Waste Manag Res. 2001 Aug;19(4):314-9.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
18575128 Wang L, Wu D, Wang S, Yuan Q: Coupling catalytic hydrolysis and oxidation for CS2 removal. J Environ Sci. 2008;20(4):436-40.

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6332782 Sugimoto K, Seki Y, Goto S, Karai I, Liang YX, Lu PK, Ding XJ, Li MQ, Gu XQ: An epidemiological study on carbon disulfide angiopathy in a Chinese viscose rayon factory. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1984;54(2):127-34.

To assess long-term vascular effects of occupational carbon disulfide (CS2) exposure, we examined 376 exposed and 325 unexposed Chinese workers with a medical and work-history questionnaire, a chest-pain questionnaire, blood pressure and blood cholesterol measurements, routine urinary tests, monochromatic fundus photography and other tests.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
10022070 Smet E, Van Langenhove H: Abatement of volatile organic sulfur compounds in odorous emissions from the bio-industry. Biodegradation. 1998;9(3-4):273-84.

Compounds of interest in this work are methanethiol (MeSH), dimethyl sulfide (Me2S), dimethyl polysulfides (Me2Sx) and carbon disulfide (CS2) since these volatiles have been identified as predominant odorants in the emission of a wide range of activities in the bio-industry (e.g. aerobic waste water treatment plants, composting plants, rendering plants).
6(0,0,1,1) Details
15137643 Mu YJ, Wu H, Wu PZ, Wang YS: Vertical distributions of COS and CS2 in Beijing City. J Environ Sci. 2004;16(2):226-9.

5(0,0,0,5) Details
8292267 Gandhi DN, Venkatakrishna-Bhatt H: Carbon disulphide induced sensitivity changes of rat anococcygeus muscle to noradrenaline (NA). Biomed Environ Sci. 1993 Sep;6(3):223-30.


The sensitivity of rat anococcygeus muscle to noradrenaline (NA) was reduced following carbon disulphide (CS2) pretreatment.
5(0,0,0,5) Details
6096195 Sandrini G, Bosso A, Biscaldi G, Malamani T, Franco G, Grampella D, Alfonsi E, Moglia A, Arrigo A: Electromyographic investigation in early diagnosis of carbon disulphide neuropathy: a study on 216 workers with different degrees of exposure. G Ital Med Lav. 1983 Sep;5(5):199-202.


An electromyographic (EMG) investigation was performed on 216 workers of a viscose rayon plant with different degrees of exposure to CS2.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
4088542 Bus JS: The relationship of carbon disulfide metabolism to development of toxicity. Neurotoxicology. 1985 Winter;6(4):73-80.

The metabolism of CS2 proceeds by two distinct metabolic pathways, direct reaction with amine or thiol functions of cellular constituents, and microsomal oxidation to reactive intermediates that covalently bind to cell macromolecules.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
12005603 Saito S, Ohmine I: Off-resonant fifth-order response function for two-dimensional Raman spectroscopy of liquids CS2 and H2O. Phys Rev Lett. 2002 May 20;88(20):207401. Epub 2002 Apr 30.

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10206041 Daemen E, van Risseghem M, de Bacquer D, Bulat P, Braeckman L, Vanhoorne M: Preliminary external quality assessment for the biological monitoring of carbon disulfide with urinary 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid. Ann Occup Hyg. 1999 Feb;43(2):125-30.

TTCA is used as a biomarker for exposure to CS2.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
16512721 He SG, Clouthier DJ: The molecular structure and a Renner-Teller analysis of the ground and first excited electronic states of the jet-cooled CS2 + molecular ion. Environ Toxicol. 2002;17(4):324-8.

The ions were produced in a pulsed electric discharge jet using a precursor mixture of carbon disulfide vapor in high-pressure argon.
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11331988 Tanaka S, Tsuda Y, Kitamura S, Shimada M, Arito H, Seki Y: A simple method for detecting breakthroughs in used chemical cartridges. Z Gesamte Hyg. 1990 Sep;36(9):479-80.


These GC-obtained concentrations were compared with the migrated vapor concentrations through each broken cartridge measured with a gas detector tube. (2) CS2 breakthrough of the cartridges used on 32 viscose rayon workers were measured with detector tubes, after which the residual service life of each cartridge was determined.
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6635238 Groszek B, Pach J, Cholewa L, Mitka A, Czeczotko B, Bogusz M: [Preliminary study results of the effect of CS2 in the industrial environment on the health status of workers] Przegl Lek. 1983;40(6):511-3.

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1643256 Valentine WM, Amarnath V, Graham DG, Anthony DC: Covalent cross-linking of proteins by carbon disulfide. . Acta Neurol Taiwan. 2004 Mar;13(1):3-9.

Generation of isothiocyanate by CS2-derived dithiocarbamates and subsequent covalent cross-linking of proteins may provide a molecular mechanism for CS2-induced axonopathy.
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627367 Vladimirova LG, Ledenkova TP: [Control over the content of small amounts of CS2 in grapes and their processing products] Am J Ind Med. 1992;22(1):85-97.

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13254216 TANIEWSKI J: [Experimental investigation on the effect of CS2 on the organs of hearing and equilibrium.] J Appl Toxicol. 1983 Oct;3(5):223-9.

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739895 Cwajda H, Woyke M: [Effect of carbon disulfide on hemostasis in rabbits. Med Pr. 1978;29(6):481-4.

Increased platelet adhesiveness was found in exposed animals, dependent on CS2 concentration in the chamber and duration of intoxication.
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3384492 Knapikowa D, Andreasik Z, Kwiatkowski S, Okrojek M, Smolik R, Szczerba K: Application of the Minnesota Code in evaluating electrocardiographic features of ischemic heart disease in patients exposed to carbon disulphide. Z Gesamte Hyg. 1976 May;22(5):348-51.


We examined 81 men exposed for a long time to carbon disulphide (CS2) and tested the possible electrocardiographic (ECG) changes of ischemic heart disease (I.H.D.).
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3938571 Liang YX, Qu DZ: Cost-benefit analysis of the recovery of carbon disulfide in the manufacturing of viscose rayon. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1985;11 Suppl 4:60-3.

A pilot investigation of the effectiveness of a carbon disulfide (CS2) recovery system in the manufacturing of viscose rayon by means of cost-benefit analysis was conducted at a Shanghai viscose rayon factory.
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1007910 Savolainen H, Vainio H: High binding of CS2 sulphur in spinal cord axonal fraction. Luminescence. 2001 Jul-Aug;16(4):291-3.

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10795392 Kotseva KP, De Bacquer D: Cardiovascular effects of occupational exposure to carbon disulphide. Z Lebensm Unters Forsch. 1977 Sep 30;165(1):28-9.


The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of occupational exposure to carbon disulphide (CS2) on the total cholesterol, blood pressure and prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD).
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3535379 Peters HA, Levine RL, Matthews CG, Sauter S, Chapman L: Synergistic neurotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride/carbon disulfide (80/20 fumigants) and other pesticides in grain storage workers. J Toxicol Environ Health. 1983 Apr-Jun;11(4-6):691-701.

The effects of CS2 toxicity as seen in viscose rayon workers as well as in experimental animals is remarkably similar to the clinical profile of our grain storage workers.
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12048813 Sun B, Pan X, Hou J, Hou H: [The conversion from CS2 to COS by spark discharge] . Occup Environ Med. 2004 Mar;61(3):225-32.

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15907069 Patel KG, Yadav PC, Pandya CB, Saiyed HN: Male exposure mediated adverse reproductive outcomes in carbon disulphide exposed rayon workers. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1979 Oct;40(10):923-5.


The authors examined 100 carbon disulphide (CS2) exposed male workers who had been employed ten years prior to study were selected for the study.
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12737485 Gambaro A, Moret I, Piazza R, Andreoli C, Corami F, Turetta C, Cescon P: Study of organic sulphur compounds (DMS, DMSP and CS2) in lagoon ecosystems: the case of the Venice lagoon. Ann Chim. 2003 Mar;93(3):223-39.

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1308251 Sugimoto K, Karai I, Goto S, Gu XJ, Lu PK, Ding ZJ, Li MQ, Liang YX, Seki Y: An occupational hygiene survey in a Chinese viscose rayon factory. Kitasato Arch Exp Med. 1992 Sep;65(2-3):111-6.


The retinopathy (microaneurysm/small dot hemorrhage) is an early and specific biological indicator to quantitatively evaluate the CS2 exposure.
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6184713 Popov T, Zaprianov Z, Benchev I, Spasovski M: [Prognosis and determination of the threshold of chronic effect of carbon disulfide and styrene]. Probl Khig. 1982;7:68-75.

Two series of studies were carried out: I--in workers exposed to four different mean annual CS2 concentrations--6 mg/m3; 12 mg/m3; 51 mg/m3 and 247 mg/m3 and II series-in workers exposed to three styrene concentrations--I mg/m3; 40 mg/m3 and 400 mg/m3.
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9334994 Bortkiewicz A, Gadzicka E, Szymczak W: Heart rate variability in workers exposed to carbon disulfide. . J Auton Nerv Syst. 1997 Sep 10;66(1-2):62-8.

It is assumed that the cardiovascular impairments resulting from CS2 exposure may be associated with some functional disturbances within the autonomic nervous system.
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1125123 Tolonen M, Hernberg S, Nurminen M, Tiitola K: A follow-up study of coronary heart disease in viscose rayon workers exposed to carbon disulphide. Br J Ind Med. 1975 Feb;32(1):1-10.


This implies that with increasing severity and specificity of the manifestations the causal role of CS2 in developing CHD becomes more evident.
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1587625 Vanhoorne M, DeBacquer D, Barbier F: Epidemiological study of gastrointestinal and liver effects of carbon disulfide. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1992;63(8):517-23.

Personal monitoring performed in 17 jobs showed CS2 exposures varying from 4 to 112 mg.m-3.
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3835432 Grabowski Z: [Causes of disability related to occupational exposure to carbon disulfide]. Med Pr. 1985;36(6):387-95.

The health condition of 615 disabled persons--in result of occupational CS2 poisoning--has been checked.
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6968391 Sulkowski W, Latkowski B: [Intermittent reaction in the electronystagmographic pendular test in chronic carbon disulfide poisoning]. Med Pr. 1980;31(2):115-22.

Occurrence of such nystagmus pattern increased with patients age and CS2 exposure duration, amounting in particular clinical forms of poisoning to the following: 91% in encephalopolyneuropathy, 70% in encephalopathy and 35% in polyneuropathy.
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7374431 Wegrowski J: [Effect of carbon disulfide on the metabolism of connective tissue of rats' aorta and lungs]. Med Pr. 1980;31(1):13-9.

Female Wistar rats were exposed to CS2 for 13 months.
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7283740 van Doorn R, Delbressine LP, Leijdekkers CM, Vertin PG, Henderson PT: Identification and determination of 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in urine of workers exposed to carbon disulfide. Arch Toxicol. 1981 Mar;47(1):51-8.

High concentrations of TTCA (upto 32 X 10 (-5) M) were shown to be present in urine of spinners exposed to CS2 concentrations of approximately 100 mg/m3.
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11266102 Hartikainen T, Ruuskanen J, Martikainen PJ: Carbon disulfide and hydrogen sulfide removal with a peat biofilter. J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2001 Mar;51(3):387-92.

Simultaneous removal of H2S and CS2 was studied with a peat biofilter inoculated with a Thiobacillus strain that oxidizes both compounds in an acidic environment.
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1226043 Rizzo S, Franco G, Malamani T: [Epidemiological survey on symptomatology of subject exposed to carbon disulphide (author's transl)]. Lav Um. 1975 Jan;27(1):1-17.


In order to put into evidence the existence of chronic CS2 intoxication in non-occupationally CS2-exposed people, the authors suggest to investigate morbidity in people who live near these factories.
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11908504 Qu ZW, Zhu H, Li ZS, Zhang QY: Theoretical study on the mechanism of the gas-phase reaction of diborane (3) anion with carbon disulfide. Biochem Pharmacol. 1988 Jun 15;37(12):2363-71.

The complex potential energy surface of the gas-phase reaction of HB (H) BH- with CS2 to give three low-lying products [B2H3S]- + CS, [BH2CS]- + HBS, and [BH3CS] + BS-, involving nine [B2H3CS2]- isomers and 12 transition states, has been investigated at the CCSD (T)/6-311++G (d,p)/B3LYP/6-311++G (d,p) level.
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3390203 Masuda Y, Yasoshima M: Loss of 3-methylcholanthrene-inducible form of cytochrome P-450 in liver microsomes following administration of carbon disulfide in C57BL/6 Cr mice. Med Pr. 1977;28(6):525-30.

These results indicate that the 3-MC-inducible form of cytochrome P-450 was more susceptible to CS2 than the PB-inducible form.
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19286552 Bisgaard CZ, Clarkin OJ, Wu G, Lee AM, Gessner O, Hayden CC, Stolow A: Time-resolved molecular frame dynamics of fixed-in-space CS2 molecules. Ind Health. 2000 Oct;38(4):385-95.

We used laser alignment to transiently fix carbon disulfide molecules in space long enough to elucidate, in the molecular reference frame, details of ultrafast electronic-vibrational dynamics during a photochemical reaction.
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7637631 Stanosz S, Kuligowski D, Pieleszek A: [Evaluation of the relationship between concentration of serotonin in plasma and blood platelets and hypertension in women chronically exposed to carbon disulfide]. Med Pr. 1995;46(2):137-40.

Also positive linear correlation was noted between concentration of serotonin and hypertension in women exposed to CS2.
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5556368 Misiakiewicz Z, Szulinska G: [Determination of the influence on animal organism of a prolonged exposure to low concentrations of carbon disulfide (CS2) in the air] Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 1971;22(1):7-16.
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18536483 Sheng Y, Chen F, Wang X, Sheng G, Fu J: Odorous volatile organic sulfides in wastewater treatment plants in Guangzhou, China. Water Environ Res. 2008 Apr;80(4):324-30.

Carbonyl sulfide (COS), carbon disulfide (CS2), and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) ranged from 0.01 to 0.21, 0.03 to 0.44, and 0.06 to 1.61 mg/m3, respectively.
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1262066 Sugimoto K, Goto S, Hotta R: An epidemiological study on retinopathy due to carbon disulfide: CS2 exposure level and development of retinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol. 1983 Dec;61(6):1074-86.
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12529923 Goen T, Muller J, Angerer J, Drexler H: Determination of carbon disulfide at the workplace by sampling on charcoal tubes--problems and solutions. AIHA J (Fairfax

The aim of the study was to check the reliability and comparability of different analytical methods for ambient monitoring of carbon disulfide (CS2).
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6464681 Jirmanova I, Lukas E: Ultrastructure of carbon disulphie neuropathy. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1986 Nov;86(2):235-42.


Adult Wistar rats were exposed to carbon disulphide (CS2) vapour at a concentration of 2.4 mg/l of air for 5 days a week (6 h a day), and the ultrastructure of peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junctions and muscles was investigated after 6 months of exposure to CS2.
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3738935 Opacka J, Opalska B, Kolakowski J, Wronska-Nofer T: Neurotoxic effects of the combined exposure to carbon disulphide and ethanol in rats. Toxicol Lett. 1986 Jul-Aug;32(1-2):9-18.


Neurotoxic effects of the combined exposure of rats to carbon disulphide (CS2) and ethanol (EtOH) were studied.
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14739378 Takebayashi T, Nishiwaki Y, Uemura T, Nakashima H, Nomiyama T, Sakurai H, Omae K: A six year follow up study of the subclinical effects of carbon disulphide exposure on the cardiovascular system. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2007 Sep;17(7):546-53. Epub 2006 Jul 7.


AIMS: A six year prospective cohort study was conducted to clarify whether the current carbon disulphide (CS2) exposure level is low enough to prevent subclinical health impairment and/or to ameliorate health effects due to previous high exposure.
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7442539 Wronska-Nofer T, Laurman W, Szendzikowski S, Kolakowski J, Wegrowski J: [Lipid changes in the blood serum and arterial wall in rabbits chronically exposed to CS2]. Med Pr. 1980;31(4):311-8.

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872268 Savolainen H, Jarvisalo J: Effects of acute CS2 intoxication on protein metabolism in rat brain. . Chem Biol Interact. 1977 Apr;17(1):51-9.

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9473537 Johnson DJ, Graham DG, Amarnath V, Amarnath K, Valentine WM: Release of carbon disulfide is a contributing mechanism in the axonopathy produced by N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1998 Feb;148(2):288-96.

Previous experiments have demonstrated that DEDC has the ability to produce CS2-mediated protein cross-linking in vitro and that DEDC releases CS2 in vivo.
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551304 Tilson HA, Cabe PA, Ellinwood EH Jr, Gonzalez LP: Effects of carbon disulfide on motor function and responsiveness to d-amphetamine in rats. Toxicol Lett. 1984 Oct;23(1):91-7.

Rats exposed to CS2 for 6 weeks were found to be stimulated less than air ventilated controls by 3 mg/kg of d-amphetamine.
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16942047 Baker AB, Andrews L: Reactions of group 3 transition metal atoms with CS2 and OCS: Matrix isolation infrared spectra and density-functional calculations of SMCS, SM-(eta2-CS), SMCO, and SM-(eta2-CO) in solid argon. Neurobehav Toxicol. 1979 Spring;1(1):57-63.

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6534776 Sefic M, Bilalbegovic Z, Pikula B, Filipovic N, Djuric D: Study of ocular tissue changes, brain GABA and polyamine levels in rats exposed to carbon disulfide. G Ital Med Lav. 1984 May-Jul;6(3-4):127-9.

The level of spermine was increased for about 1103% in the brain of animals exposed to CS2 concentration of 2500 mg/m3 and 137% in exposure to 5000 mg/m3 of CS2, which differences were statistically significant in comparison with the control group.
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739894 Wesolowska T, Gregorczyk J: [Effect of chronic inhalation of carbon disulfide intoxication on the content of various lipid metabolism indices in rat serum, aorta and cardiac muscle. Int Ophthalmol. 1986 Apr;9(1):17-27.

Statistically significant increase of free and esterified cholesterol was found in serum and aorta of the rats intoxicated with CS2.
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12173535 Wang C, Tan X, Bi Y, Su Y, Yan J, Ma S, He J, Braeckman L, De Bacquer D, Wang F, Vanhoorne M: Cross-sectional study of the ophthalmological effects of carbon disulfide in Chinese viscose workers. 502.

The average personal CS2 exposure level in the present study was 13.7-20.05 mg/m3.
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200341 Fiala ES: Investigations into the metabolism and mode of action of the colon carcinogens 1,2-dimethylhydrazine and azoxymethane. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2002 Jul;205(5):367-72.

A partial summary of our previous work on the metabolism of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine and its inhibition by disulfiram, carbon disulfide and other thiono-sulfur compounds is presented.
Pretreatment with disulfiram or CS2 causes a complete, although transient, inhibition of exhaled 14CO2, decreases urinary MAM, and increases significantly the levels of unmetabolized AOM in the exhaled air and in urine.
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525621 Gagnon YT, Posner JC: Recovery of acrylonitrile from charcoal tubes at low levels. Physiol Behav. 1988;42(2):119-24.


A 2% by volume acetone in CS2 solution is used as desorbing solvent.
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7476147 Stanosz S, Kuligowski D, Pieleszek A: [Concentration of dihydroepiandrosterone, dihydroepiandrosterone sulphate and testosterone during premature menopause in women chronically exposed to carbon disulfide]. Med Pr. 1995;46(4):337-40.

Group II (n = 717; mean age = 38.3 years; average employment period = 25.6 years) was exposed to CS2 concentration in the air ranging from 9.36 to 23.4 mg/m3.
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18548155 Debie E, Bultinck P, Herrebout W, van der Veken B: Solvent effects on IR and VCD spectra of natural products: an experimental and theoretical VCD study of pulegone. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol. 1988 Jul;61(1):97-109.


The VCD spectra of pulegone, dissolved in CDCl3, CD2Cl2 and CS2 have been recorded in the frequency range from 1000 to 3000 cm (-1).
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1063633 Vogeler K, Dreze P, Rapp A, Steffan H, Ullemeyer H: The distribution of radioactivity in fruits after application of 14C-labelled Antracol, compared with the potential evolution of CS2. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol. 1979 Jan;44(1):60-4.

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17461639 Kirschner KN, Hartt GM, Evans TM, Shields GC: In search of CS2 (H2O)(n=1-4) clusters. Biochem Pharmacol. 1982 Sep 1;31(17):2713-25.

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7382324 Karczewicz D: [Measurement of retinal vessel width in subjects exposed to CS2 (author's transl)] Environ Qual Saf Suppl. 1975;3:183-8.

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2215201 Dzialek E, Sinczuk-Walczak H, Borczyk A: [Rhythm disorders of basic bioelectric activity of the brain in alcoholism and exposure to carbon disulfide (CS2)]. Med Pr. 1990;41(2):119-24.
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7239054 Craveri A, Lanfredini M, Tornaghi G, Citella C, Malamani T, Marasco SD, Moia M, Ranieri R: [Determination of antithrombin III in a group workers with long-term exposure to carbon disulfide (CS2)] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1983 Oct;71(1):42-53.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
104547 Jarvisalo J, Zitting A, Vainio H: Carbon disulphide induced activation of liver UDP glucuronosyltransferase in rats pretreated with phenobarbitone. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1997 Jan;142(1):95-105.


Carbon disulphide (CS2) exposure has been shown to activate the UDP glucuronosyltransferase of liver microsomes in rats pretreated with phenobarbitone.
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16004298 Wang X, Wu HB, Chen JM: [Photooxidation of CS2 under ambient pressure and vacuum condition] . Med Hypotheses. 1980 Jan;6(1):21-33.

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9017431 Drexler H, Ulm K, Hardt R, Hubmann M, Goen T, Lang E, Angerer J, Lehnert G: Carbon disulphide. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1996;69(1):27-32.


OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to examine whether an increase can be detected in the prevalence of coronary heart disease or a higher prevalence of unusual cardiological findings in workers with occupational exposure to carbon disulphide (CS2) at the level of the threshold limit value of 10 ppm currently valid in occupational medicine.
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9192217 Reinhardt F, Drexler H, Bickel A, Claus D, Angerer J, Ulm K, Lehnert G, Neundorfer B: Neurotoxicity of long-term low-level exposure to carbon disulphide: results of questionnaire, clinical neurological examination and neuropsychological testing. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1997;69(5):332-8.


OBJECTIVE: Carbon disulphide (CS2) is highly neurotoxic.
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8034359 Drexler H, Goen T, Angerer J, Abou-el-ela S, Lehnert G: Carbon disulphide. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1994;65(6):359-65.


Carbon disulphide (CS2), a reagent of rayon production, is known for its high toxic potential and has therefore been the subject of many clinical studies.
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8068656 Kumar M, Lu WP, Ragsdale SW: Binding of carbon disulfide to the site of acetyl-CoA synthesis by the nickel-iron-sulfur protein, carbon monoxide dehydrogenase, from Clostridium thermoaceticum. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1976 Apr 28;37(1):1-8.

CS2 was found to serve as a probe of the interaction of CODH with CO at Center A.
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6299327 Corsi G, Maestrelli P, Picotti G, Manzoni S, Negrin P: Chronic peripheral neuropathy in workers with previous exposure to carbon disulphide. Biochemistry. 1994 Aug 16;33(32):9769-77.


Two groups of viscose rayon production workers were examined 10 years after discontinuation of exposure to CS2.
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6503689 Gluszcz M, Sulkowski W, Rogaczewska T, Wronska-Nofer T, Sinczuk-Walczak H, Lesnik H, Poborc-Godlewska J: [Reduction of health risk factors in workers exposed to carbon disulfide] . J Phys Chem A. 2006 Sep 7;110(35):10419-26.

The results of all the efforts made so far towards the reduction of CS2 concentrations at the workplaces of viscose rayon industry indicate that achievement of safe standards is little probable in the nearest future.
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15315402 Zhu H, Chai J, Ma Q, Jancik V, Roesky HW, Fan H, Herbst-Irmer R: A seven-membered aluminum sulfur allenyl heterocycle arising from the conversion of an aluminacyclopropene with CS2. J Am Chem Soc. 2004 Aug 25;126(33):10194-5.

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7387782 Taccola A, Cipolli PL, Bossi MC, Gobba FM, Grampella D: [Platelet changes and occupational carbon disulfide poisoning. Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper. 1980 Mar 15;56(5):409-15.

Platelet adhesiveness was studied in 83 workers exposed to CS2 and 47 controls.
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18811147 Wilton-Ely JD, Solanki D, Knight ER, Holt KB, Thompson AL, Hogarth G: Multimetallic assemblies using piperazine-based dithiocarbamate building blocks. Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol. 1980;190:43-51.

Piperazine or 2,6-dimethylpiperazine reacts with carbon disulfide to give the zwitterionic dithiocarbamate salts H2NC4H6 (R2-3,5) NCS2 (R = H; R = Me), which form the complexes [Ru (S2CNC4H6 (R2-3,5) NH2)(dppm) 2](2+) on reaction with cis-[RuCl2 (dppm) 2].
Reaction of [NiCl2 (dppp)] with H2NC4H8NCS2 yields the structurally characterized compound, [Ni (S2CNC4H8NH2)(dppp)](2+), which reacts with base, CS2, and cis-[RuCl2 (dppm) 2] to provide an alternative route to [(dppm) 2Ru (S2CNC4H8NCS2) Ni (dppp)](+).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
6645939 Prazanowski M, Gluszczowa M: [Peripheral blood picture in workers chronically exposed to carbon disulfide]. Med Pr. 1983;34(3):259-62.

In a group of 1887 men exposed to CS2 and in a 522--persons--control group haemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, average haemoglobin concentration, leukocytes number and leukogram were determined.
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969754 Thiele H, Wolf I: [Results of comprehensive clinical screening of workers exposed to CS2] Z Gesamte Hyg. 1976 Aug;22(8):603-8.

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19187594 Guo XM, Tang RH, Qin XY, Yang J, Chen GY: Effects of carbon disulfide on the expression and activity of nitric oxide synthase in rat hippocampus. Chin Med J. 2008 Dec 20;121(24):2553-6.

CONCLUSION: The effect of CS2 on learning and memory ability in rats is related to the activity of NOS and the expression of nNOS in the hippocampus.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11721894 Meyer KA, Wright JC: Detection limits for time-resolved coherent two-dimensional vibrational spectroscopy. Anal Chem. 2001 Nov 1;73(21):5020-5.

Coherent two-dimensional vibrational spectroscopy is performed using doubly vibrationally enhanced four-wave mixing in dilute solutions of carbon disulfide using an ultrafast (< or = 1 ps) laser pulse system.
With this suppression, we measured detection limits of 8 x 10 (-5) M CS2 in bromochloromethane.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7178061 Balabaeva L, Davidkova E, Kurchatova G: [Effect of long-term exposure to carbon disulfide on various biochemical indices in albino rats]. Probl Khig. 1982;7:101-8.

CS2--50 and 200 mg/m3 were established to inhibit oxygen consumption of liver homogenates, better manifested in female animals, whereas in homogenates of testicles the tissue respiration was significantly inhibited only with 200 mg/m3.
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14073755 MASUDA Y, WATANABE M, TAKAHASHI H: [STUDY ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT UNIFORM STRAINS OF MICE BY THE INHALATION OF CS2 GAS.] Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi. 1963 Oct;18:349-52.

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2343523 Drudge JH, Lyons ET, Tolliver SC, Fallon EH: Phenothiazine in the origin of benzimidazole resistance in population-B equine strongyles. Vet Parasitol. 1990 Feb;35(1-2):117-30.

During the ensuing 4-year study (1962-1965) on Farm B mares (n = 15 per year) and yearlings (n = 15-17 per year), biweekly epg and larvae per gram (lpg) counts were carried out to compare the efficacy of three treatment programs: (1) monthly doses of TBZ at 26 mg kg-1; (2) monthly doses of TBZ at 13 mg kg-1; (3) bimonthly doses of a mixture of PTZ + PPZ and carbon disulfide (CS2) at dose rates of 27.5 + 88 and 78 mg kg-1, respectively, or a mixture of PTZ + PPZ + trichlorfon (TCF) at dose rates of 27.5 + 88 + 40 mg kg-1, respectively.
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6662996 Tabacova S, Nikiforov B, Balabaeva L: Carbon disulphide intrauterine sensitization. Gig Sanit. 1978 Feb;(2):73-5.


This study was designed to evaluate the effect of carbon disulphide (CS2) exposure during pregnancy in two subsequent generations.
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19581215 Rozanova E, Heilig P, Godnic-Cvar J: The eye--a neglected organ in environmental and occupational medicine: an overview of known environmental and occupational non-traumatic effects on the eyes. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 2009 Jun;60(2):205-15.

Investigations of retinal vascular changes and retinopathy after chronic exposure to carbon disulfide (CS2) and of retinal and choroidal haemodynamics after exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) found that CS2 caused an increase in retinal venous diameters and CO caused an increase in arterial and venous diameters, retinal blood flow velocity, and fundus pulsation amplitude.
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10478851 Valentine WM, Valentine HL, Amarnath K, Amarnath V: Toluene-3,4-dithiol analysis of blood for assessing carbon disulfide exposure. Toxicol Sci. 1999 Aug;50(2):155-63.

Methods used currently for assessing exposure to CS2 are limited in their ability to evaluate cumulative exposures and provide useful information for relatively short periods of time after exposure has ended.
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7644690 Chrostek Maj J, Czeczotko B: The evaluation of the health state of the workers occupationally exposed to low concentration of carbon disulphide (CS2). Neurotoxicology. 1983 Spring;4(1):53-65.

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7333080 Colombi A, Maroni M, Picchi O, Rota E, Castano P, Foa V: Carbon disulfide neuropathy in rats. Clin Toxicol. 1981 Dec;18(12):1463-74.

The aim of this study was to elucidate the site and detailed nature of peripheral nerve damage induced in the rat by chronic CS2 inhalation exposure in the light of the relationship between pathological and neurophysiological data.
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7080078 Opacka J, Wronska-Nofer T: Biochemical alterations in the peripheral nerves of rats intoxicated with carbon disulphide. Toxicol Lett. 1982 Feb;10(2-3):139-44.


Some biochemical correlates of Wallerian degeneration of the peripheral nerve were compared in carbon disulphide (CS2) and acrylamide-induced neuropathies.
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7968505 Peplonska B: [Epidemiologic evaluation of health effects of occupational and non-occupational exposure to carbon disulfide]. Med Pr. 1994;45(4):359-69.

The majority of data apply to pathologies caused by CS2 in concentrations exceeding MAC values.
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7216629 De Laey JJ, De Rouck A, Priem H, Vanhoorne M: Ophthalmological aspects of chronic CS2 intoxication. Int Ophthalmol. 1980 Dec;3(1):51-6.

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6474507 Orzechowska-Juzwenko K, Wronska-Nofer T, Wiela A, Milejski P, Laurman W: Effect of chronic exposure to carbon disulfide on biotransformation of phenazone in rabbits. Toxicol Lett. 1984 Aug;22(2):171-4.

A significant but reversible inhibition of phenazone elimination was observed in rabbits chronically exposed to CS2.
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3611599 Caroldi S, Magos L, Jarvis J, Forshaw P, Snowden RT: The potentiation of the non-behavioural effects of amphetamine by carbon disulphide. J Appl Toxicol. 1987 Feb;7(1):63-6.


In agreement with the inhibition of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase by exposure to CS2, the extension of exposure time from 4 to 16 h increased dopamine concentrations in the hypothalmus and adrenals, and decreased noradrenaline concentration in the hypothalmus.
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16535828 Chen GY, Deng J, Tan H, Chai LH: [Study on the reproductive effects of carbon disulfide in male rats and their subgeneration]. J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2003 Oct;53(10):1225-32.

It took ten weeks for the rats to breath CS2 in different densities (0, 50, 250, 1250 mg/m3).
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514068 Wesolowska T: [Effects of chronic inhalation intoxication with carbon disulfide on the content of various lipid metabolism indices in the serum, aorta and cardiac muscle in rabbits. Med Pr. 1979;30(5):323-30.

Lipid phosphorus content in serum, aorta and cardiac muscle was found to increase in animals exposed to CS2 in lower concentration.
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3439888 Dalvi RR: Cytochrome P-450-dependent covalent binding of carbon disulfide to rat liver microsomal protein in vitro and its prevention by reduced glutathione. Arch Toxicol. 1987 Dec;61(2):155-7.

When liver microsomes isolated from phenobarbital-pretreated rats were incubated with 35S-CS2, NADPH and glutathione, almost 60% decrease in sulfur binding to microsomal protein was observed under the experimental conditions.
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931644 Besarabic M: [Accidental poisoning with CS2 in the manufacture of viscose fibers] Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 1977;28(2):181-6.

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10099585 Lobo R, Revah S, Viveros-Garcia T: An analysis of a trickle-bed bioreactor: carbon disulfide removal. Biotechnol Bioeng. 1999 Apr 5;63(1):98-109.

CS2 removal rate data obtained in a TBB with a Thiobacilii consortia biofilm are analyzed to obtain the mass transfer and kinetic parameters, and to show that the bioreactor operates in a regime mainly controlled by mass transfer.
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4790629 Herbig C: Psychological investigation into CS2 effects on female workers. Med Lav. 1973 Jul-Aug;64(7):272-5.

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7382322 Palacz O, Szymanska K, Czepita D: [Electroretinographic investigations in subjects with chronic exposure to carbon disulphide: I Assessment of the condition of the visual system taking into account ERG findings depending on the duration of exposure to CS2 (author's transl)] Klin Oczna. 1980 Feb;82(2):65-7.

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